Search

Objectives To describe the perceived importance of suggested hamstring injury risk factors according to chief medical officers (CMOs) of European male professional football clubs. A secondary objective was to compare if these perceptions differed between teams with a lower-than-average hamstring injury burden and teams with a higher than average hamstring injury burden.Methods First, CMOs of 15 European professional male football clubs were asked to suggest risk factors for hamstring injury in their club. The perceived importance of the suggested risk factors was then rated by all participants on a 5-graded Likert scale. Participating teams were divided in two groups depending on their hamstring injury burden during the 2019/2020 and 2020/2021 seasons. The LOW group consisted of seven teams that had a lower than average hamstring injury burden. The HIGH group consisted of eight teams that had a higher-than-average hamstring injury burden.Results Twenty-one risk factors were suggested. The majority were extrinsic in nature, associated with coaching staff, team or club rather than players themselves. ‘Lack of communication between medical staff and coaching staff’ had the highest average importance (weighted average=3.7) followed by ‘Lack of regular exposure to high-speed football during training sessions’ (weighted average=3.6). The HIGH group perceived the player factors fatigue and wellness as more important than the LOW group.Conclusion According to CMOs recruited in this study, most risk factors for hamstring injuries are extrinsic and associated with the club and coaching staff, and not the players themselves.

Abstract Background Muscle injuries are some of the most common injuries in sports; they have a high recurrence rate and can result in the loss of ability to participate in training or competition. In clinical practice, a wide variety of treatment strategies are commonly applied. However, a limited amount of evidence-based data exists, and most therapeutic approaches are solely based on “best practice”. Thus, there is a need for consensus to provide strategies and recommendations for the treatment of muscle injuries. Methods The 2016 GOTS Expert Meeting, initiated by the German-Austrian-Swiss Society for Orthopaedic Traumatologic Sports Medicine (GOTS), focused on the topic of muscle and tendon injuries and was held in Spreewald/Berlin, Germany. The committee was composed of twenty-two medical specialists. Nine of them were delegated to a subcommittee focusing on the nonoperative treatment of muscle injuries. The recommendations and statements that were developed were reviewed by the entire consensus committee and voted on by the members. Results The committee reached a consensus on the utility and effectiveness of the management of muscle injuries. Main results: the “PRICE” principle to target the first inflammatory response is one of the most relevant steps in the treatment of muscle injuries. Haematoma aspiration may be considered in the early stages after injury. There is presently no clear evidence that intramuscular injections are of use in the treatment of muscle injuries. The ingestion of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) should be regarded critically because there is currently no hard evidence to support their use, although they are appropriate in exceptional cases. Conclusions The present work provides a structured overview of the various nonoperative treatment strategies of muscle injuries and evaluates their effectiveness with respect to the existing scientific evidence and clinical expertise in the context of basic science on the healing process of muscle injuries. The committee agreed that there is a compelling need for further studies, including high-quality randomized investigations to completely evaluate the effectiveness of the existing therapeutic approaches. The given recommendations may be updated and adjusted as further evidence will be generated.

Muskelverletzungen im Profisport haben eine große Bedeutung und gehören zu den häufigsten Diagnosen. Entscheidend ist eine schnelle, vollständige Genesung unter Vermeidung von Re-Verletzungen. Es gibt zahlreiche Muskelverletzungen mit unterschiedlichen Prognosen/Ausfallzeiten, daher ist die richtige Primäreinschätzung, Erstversorgung und die sofortige Einleitung der entsprechenden Therapie und Rehabilitation von großer Bedeutung. Muskelverletzungen werden in der Regel konservativ behandelt. Bei nicht strukturellen Verletzungen werden primär physio- und manualtherapeutische Maßnahmen durchgeführt – im Falle von rückenbedingten neurogenen Muskelläsionen kann eine infiltrative Mitbehandlung der LWS sinnvoll sein. Bei strukturellen Verletzungen stehen unterschiedliche infiltrative Behandlungsoptionen zur Verfügung, die jedoch kontrovers diskutiert werden und eine geringe Evidenz aufweisen. In der Rehabilitation ist ein schrittweiser Belastungsaufbau, zeitlich orientiert an der jeweiligen Diagnose, von großer Bedeutung. Dieser Artikel gibt einen Überblick über die Klassifikation, Prognose und Therapie der unterschiedlichen Muskelverletzungen. Treatment of muscle injuries in professional sports. Muscle injuries are a substantial problem in professional sports and they are one of the most common injuries. A quick and complete healing is essential – a re-injury has to be prevented. There are several different muscle injuries with different prognoses and time of absence. Therefore the correct primary assessment of the injury and the initiation of the correct treatment and rehabilitation are very important. Most of the muscle injuries can be treated conservatively. Functional muscle disorders and neuromuscular muscle injuries are treated with physio- and manualtherapeutic techniques – in lumbar spine related neurogenic muscle injuries an infiltration treatment of the lower back can be helpful. Various infiltrative treatments are available in structural muscle injuries – they are discussed controversialy and scientific studies show a low level of evidence. In the rehabilitation process a gradual increase of the intensities and load is essential. This article gives an overview of the classification, prognosis and therapy of different muscle injuries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Zusammenfassung Sehnenverletzungen stellen im Sport eine häufig vorkommende Pathologie dar, für deren korrekte Diagnose, Therapie, Prognostik und wissenschaftliche Forschung eine einheitliche Terminologie erforderlich ist. Generell werden akute und chronische Verletzungen sowie Überlastungsschäden unterschieden. Eine Klassifikation von Sehnenverletzungen im Sport basiert möglichst auf einer Kombination aus anatomischer Lokalisation, Ätiologie, Dauer, Symptomen, klinischen Befunden und pathologischen Veränderungen. Neben älteren Einteilungen von Tendinopathien im Sport wird die aktuelle klinische Klassifikation der Tendinopathien des Sportlers nach Gremion und Zufferey vorgestellt. Des Weiteren erfolgt die Beschreibung spezieller Einteilungen für Verletzungen einzelner Sehnen sowie für Avulsionsverletzungen im Jugendalter. Summary Tendon injuries are a very common pathology in sports. A unified terminology is necessary for their correct diagnosis, therapy, prognostics and scientific research. Generally acute and chronic as well as overuse injuries are differentiated. A classification of tendon injuries in sports bases as preferably on a combination of anatomic localization, etiology, duration, symptoms, clinical findings and pathological changes. Beside older categorisations and gradings of tendinopathies in sports the recent clinical classification of tendinopathies of athletes by Gremion and Zufferey are presented. Furthermore a description of specific classifications of particular tendon injuries follows as well as avulsion lesions in adolescents. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Zusammenfassung Vorbereitende Maßnahmen vor der Betreuung von Athleten beinhalten die Erkundung örtlicher Gegebenheiten, die Mitnahme geeigneter medizinischer Ausrüstung und eine Voruntersuchung der Sportler mit Beurteilung der aktuellen Spielfähigkeit. Im Falle einer Verletzung ist die Ersteinschätzung zur Einleitung therapeutischer Maßnahmen essentiell. Hierzu gehören Anamnese und eine präzise klinische Untersuchung. Die Erstversorgung folgt dem bekannten PECH-Schema, wobei Kompression und Kühlung einen besonderen Stellenwert einnehmen. Die Ausfallzeit richtet sich nach der Art und Schwere der Verletzung, relevante epidemiologische Vergleichsdaten sind in der Literatur v.a. für Verletzungen im Fußball zu finden. Bei Verdacht auf eine strukturelle Verletzung sollten im weiteren Verlauf bildgebende Verfahren durchgeführt werden. Summary Medical support of athletes is a critical and complex field. Broad qualification, knowledge of the sport that is medically supported, awareness of local conditions, preparation of appropriate equipment and pre-competition assessment of the athletes are crucial. Medical history and a precise clinical examination after injury are inevitable to find the correct diagnosis for appropriate treatment. Immediate treatment follows the well-known RICE-principle with focus on compression and cooling. Absence from sports depends on the type and grade of injury. Comparable epidemiological data can serve as a benchmark and can be found in the literature especially for football injuries. Injuries that are suspicious to be structural should be examined by imaging. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Zusammenfassung Durch hohe und zunehmende sportliche Belastungen nimmt das Risiko von Überlastungsbeschwerden und dabei insbesondere von Sehnenverletzungen zu. Deren Anteil variiert erheblich und ist sportartspezifisch unterschiedlich. Neben den verschiedenen Formen, Lokalisationen und Risikofaktoren von Sehnenverletzungen im Sport werden die epidemiologischen Daten zur Alters- und Geschlechtverteilung sowie die Häufigkeiten der Tendinopathien beziehungsweise der Sehnenrupturen von verschiedenen Sehnen der oberen und unteren Extremitäten beschrieben. Summary The high tissue loads caused by sports activity on the musculoskeletal system increase the risk of overuse and more specifically of tendon injuries. Their incidence depends strongly on the type and intensity of sports practice. This narrative review describes the current evidence of tendon injuries in sports with a special focus on the different pathomorphological variations, their localization and risk factors. In addition to this, epidemiological features such as incidence, age and gender distribution are discussed, both for injuries and tendinopathies of the upper and lower extremity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]