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OBJECTIVE: Our aim in this study is to evaluate epilepsy classification in children with epilepsy before monitoring (based on information received from the family) and after monitoring (based on video-EEG) by comparing two separate classification systems, namely the 2017 International League Against Epilepsy (ILAE) and Semiological Seizure Classification (SSC) systems. Classifications and methods were compared in terms of simplicity, intelligibility, and applicability during daily outpatient care. PATIENTS AND METHODS: The study was performed with 230 recorded seizures of 173 patients aged between 1 and 18 years who underwent video-EEG monitoring and clinical seizure recordings. Seizure types and video-EEG data of the patients were recorded. Seizures were first classified based on information obtained from the parents of the patients in interviews, recorded as "before video-EEG monitoring classification," and a second characterization, based on video EEG-monitoring, was subsequently recorded as "after video-EEG monitoring classification". The consistency of both seizure classifications was evaluated. RESULTS: For both classifications, autonomic seizures were the least congruent seizures (1=0.27, 1=-0.005). The families generally described the seizures very well; the consistency before and after video-EEG monitoring was good. Focal seizures with impaired awareness were most common in the 2017 ILAE classification (1=0.6), while for the SSC simple motor seizures were most common (1=0.84). Among subtypes, clonic-tonic seizures were the most common, and the second most common subtype was dialeptic (1=0.67). Overall, the harmony between the SSC and ILAE systems was good. The rate of good and excellent coefficients of concordance for both the SSC and 2017 ILAE was determined as 77.8% for the expanded SSC, 48% for the 2017 ILAE, 71.4% for the basic SSC, and 60% for the 2017 ILAE. CONCLUSIONS: In practice, it is difficult to determine seizure patterns reliably in cases of childhood epilepsy. Parents, however, can generally describe seizures very well. Although the SSC seems to be superior, both the SSC and 2017 ILAE systems can be applied in daily use. Such classification enables the rise of new concepts and a better understanding of disease groups. The continuing development of classification systems will lead to advancements for patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

OBJECTIVE: Benign childhood epilepsy with centro-temporal spikes (BCECTS), otherwise known as benign rolandic epilepsy, is the most common focal epilepsy in childhood. This study aimed to evaluate the development and resolution of ESES in children with BCECTS and evaluate the clinical and electroencephalography (EEG) parameters associated with prognosis. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Resolution of ESES was defined as the reduction of the spike-wave index (SWI) to <50%. The SWI short method, measurements from the first 180 s of non-rapid eye movement; and the conventional method, measurements from total NREM stage 2, SW count during the first 60 and 180 s of NREM, SW localization, and ESES type were determined. RESULTS: Of a total of 126 BCECTS patients, 33, including 13 females, 20 males, who developed ESES during follow-up, were included in the study. ESES remission was observed in 42.4% (n = 14) of the patients. The median time to remission was 10.5 months. The rate of resolution was 87.9 % for the entire population. The mean age at resolution was 9.8 ± 2.05 years and the mean time to resolution was 8.8 months. CONCLUSIONS: The data demonstrated that age at ESES diagnosis, the time between BCECTS diagnosis and the onset of ESES, time to resolution of ESES, ESES remission, and seizure freedom after ESES were significantly associated with prognosis. The early recognition of ESES evolution in children with BECTS, the better understanding of the relationship between age at ESES diagnosis and remission and prognosis, and timely intervention can prevent long-term sequelae. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

OBJECTIVE: Relapsed/refractory AML cases are much more resistant to chemotherapy. Venetoclax is a highly sensitive BCL-2 inhibitor. It was aimed to evaluate the effects of venetoclax therapy on real-world R/R AML survival outcomes, the effects of the cytogenetic characteristics of the patients and previous clinical applications on treatment response, and venetoclax treatment toxicity. PATIENTS AND METHODS: The study included patients who only received a venetoclax-based salvage on R/R AML patients from Turkey. The study included a total of 62 patients from 6 different centers in Turkey. Response to 2 cycles of venetoclax treatment was assessed by bone marrow blast rate. The demographic data, cytogenetic characteristics, AML type, MDS type, response rates and overall survival of the patients after venetoclax combination treatment were assessed. Median age of the patients was 65 (19-85). Mean number of prior treatments was 2.67 ±1.75. RESULTS: 13 patients (21%) had a history of allogenic stem cell transplantation. 58 (93.5%) had received HMA therapy before venetoclax. 36 patients (58.1%) had de-novo AML, and 25 (40.3%) previously had MDS. Treatment response was evaluated as complete remission (n = 21, 33.9%), partial response (n = 17, 27.4%), and treatment failure (n = 24, 38.7%). Patients in the TF group were significantly more likely to have poor cytogenetic and to have received allogeneic transplants. The mean estimated overall survival after the venetoclax treatment was 9.13 ± 0.75 months. CONCLUSIONS: The study population consisted of a group of patients who had relapsed or primary refractory disease with poor prognosis, despite numerous rounds of chemotherapy. It is our belief that the high response rates obtained with the combination of venetoclax/HMA, and having obtained positive results with poor risk patients, indicated a promising perspective for R/R AML patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Rubber or elastomeric materials are widely used for shock absorbers having elastic and viscous properties such as high inherent damping, deflection capacity, and energy storage. The dynamic properties of these components are of primary concern in designing rubber absorbers to reduce the shock loading given as well as the structure-borne noise transmissibility. Besides, the dynamic response of the mechanical systems, at where the rubber shock absorbers are used, is directly associated with the properties of the shock absorbers. In order to determine these properties of the rubber, mathematical models are created in terms of hyperelasticity and viscoelasticity. The hyperelastic and viscoelastic material models represent the nonlinear elastic and strain rate dependencies of the overall rubber behavior, respectively. Hyperelastic material model captures the material’s nonlinear elasticity with no-time dependence whereas viscoelastic model describes the material response which contains an elastic and viscous part depending on time, frequency, and temperature. This paper presents the dynamic characterization of rubber shock absorbers, having different shore hardness values, in terms of hyperelastic and viscoelastic constitutive models. The parameters of the constitutive models are determined from the uniaxial tensile and relaxation tests. These parameters are used for the numerical model of the rubber components and the accuracy of the characterization is presented by means of a numerical case study. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Impact cratering is a unique energetical process that shapes solid planetary surfaces in our universe. Here on Earth the surfaces modified by impacts are quickly disappearing due to large surface mobility caused by weathering and erosion, driven by occurrence of life on Earth, precipitation, and plate tectonics. While there are many features on Earth surface that can be interpreted as due to an extraterrestrial impact, there are only few tools that allow providing a supporting evidence for terrestrial impact origin. These are PDFs (planar deformation features, mostly observed in quartz crystals), and shatter cone fabric (observed in outcrop scale). While there are additional potential observation features that are commonly associated impacts (microspherules [1], micro/nano diamonds [2], high temperature melting [3], gravity surface morphology [4]) these are not unique and may be related to processes other than impact. Recent work on Santa Fe structure has pointed out a potential novel feature, plasma assisted demagnetization, that may be considered as a unique terrestrial impact indicator [5]. Data and method: Acraman crater in South Australia is about 80 km in size and was reported to contain both PDFs and shatter cones. While it is considered to be deeply eroded, the Acraman crater has a clear expression of the crater center and crater's rim. Acraman crater center contains shattered granitic red rocks whose shattered pattern degrades with the distance from the crater center. Samples from the outcrops with shattered pattern were collected for paleomagnetic analysis. Results: Samples that experienced an impact were fragmented by non-magnetic tools and prepared for paleomagnetic measurements. Samples' natural remanent magnetization (NRM) was measured and demagnetized. Than the samples were magnetically saturated in 2 T pulsed magnetic field and demagnetized in the same steps as samples' NRM. All shocked samples were originally magnetized to <1% of its saturation magnetization. Discussion and conclusions: Acraman shocked samples showed a similar level of demagnetization as shocked rocks from Santa Fe impact structure [5]. This observation supports that at the time of shock and magnetic remanence destabilization, the rocks were shielded from the geomagnetic field exposure by inflating ionized plasma structure, expanding over the impact site, and producing electric currents that compensated the geomagnetic field. Acraman crater samples' demagnetization level supports an existence of new tool for extraterrestrial impact presence, this is that the demagnetization of rocks that experienced shock from an impact of extraterrestrial body can be used as a unique indicator of extraterrestrial impact. Acknowledgements: G.K., K.K., H.U., R.K., and M.T. were partially supported from the Czech Science Foundation 20-08294S, 20-00892L, Ministry of Education, Youth and Sports LTAUSA 19141. M.T. was supported by UNCE/SCI/006. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

When p waves reach the boundary between the outer core and the inner core, seismic energy will be transferred to change the anisotropy of the inner core. MB boundary is associated with unique deposits of tektites, indochinites which are production and evidence of meteorite impacts. In addition, we discussed how sediment record of NRM/SIRM ratio may be related to ocean sedimentation disturbance caused by meteorite impact. [Extracted from the article]

While the shatter cones indicate location of a remnant of the central uplift of the impact structure, there is no other supporting morphological evidence for crater features, and thus estimates of crater diam eter (6 -13 km) are poorly constrained [2]. While r ecent work on impacted material (mostly impact- generated glass) studied primarily induced magnetization [5] the magnetic remanence record may provide more detailed insight into the impact history [7]. Demagnetization by an alternating field in the Santa Fe samples shows that if the SRM were present it would affect the soft component more than the hard component of magnetization. [Extracted from the article]