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Summary Aim The biological and pharmacological properties of vessels used in coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) surgery are as important as their mechanical properties. The aim of this study was to investigate the possible role of protein kinase C (PKC)-dependent mechanisms in leptin-induced relaxation in the human internal mammary artery (IMA). Methods IMA rings, obtained from patients undergoing CABG surgery, were suspended in isolated tissue baths containing Krebs-Henseleit solution, which were continuously gassed with 95% O2 and 5% CO2 at 37°C. Results The IMA rings were pre-contracted with increasing concentrations of norepinephrine (NE 10-9–10-4 mol/l) and the relaxation responses to sodium nitroprusside (SNP), a nitrosovasodilator, and leptin were studied in the presence and absence of a PKC inhibitor. Leptin (1 μM) caused a dose-dependent relaxation in NE pre-contracted IMA rings. Pre-treatment with a PKC inhibitor significantly attenuated this vasorelaxatory response to leptin in human isolated IMA. Conclusion It was found that SNP and leptin caused significant relaxation of the NE pre-contracted human IMA rings, and PKC was probably the sub-cellular mediator for this effect. Our findings may have clinical or pharmacological importance as it could be hypothesised that obese subjects who have a left IMA bypass graft would have better myocardial perfusion.

Summary Aim Endothelial dysfunction, oxidative stress and inflammation are among the most important mechanisms of ischaemia–reperfusion (I/R) injury. Besides their cholesterol-lowering effects, statins are known to provide protection against myocardial dysfunction and vascular endothelial injury via nitric oxide-dependent mechanisms. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of rosuvastatin on certain intermediates involved in the generation of nitric oxide (asymmetrical dimethyl arginin, ADMA, caveolin-1 and hsp 90), oxidative stress (rhokinase, NADPH oxidase) and inflammation (NFkB), using an in vivo model of myocardial infarction in the rat. Methods Adult male Sprague Dawley rats were divided into three groups (control, I/R and I/R after 15 days of rosuvastatin administration). Reperfusion was applied for 120 min following left anterior descending coronary artery ischaemia for 30 min. Caveolin-1, hsp 90 and NFkB levels were evaluated with the quantitative reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) and ADMA, rhokinase and NADPH oxidase levels were evaluated with ELISA. Results While NFkB and hsp 90 levels were higher in the I/R group, their levels were significantly lower in the rosuvastatin group. While ADMA and NADPH oxidase levels significantly increased with I/R, they were lower in the rosuvastatin-treated group, but not statistically significant. Rhokinase levels were significantly lower in the rosuvastatin group. Caveolin-1 levels were not different between the groups. Conclusion Our results suggest that ADMA, rhokinase, NADPH oxidase, hsp 90 and NFkB could facilitate I/R injury, and rosuvastatin significantly reduced levels of these parameters. These results indicate that rosuvastatin may have a protective role in I/R injury via mechanisms targeting inflammation, endothelial dysfunction and oxidative stress.

In this work the cyanide contamination was investigated in seawater, fish and mussel in Turkish coasts following the cyanide accident in Baia gold mines in Feb. 2000. The determination of cyanide was conducted according to Csikai and Barnard (1983) method slightly modified by us. Seawater sample was analysed after lyophilization or after addition of NaOH directly. Fish and mussel samples were extracted with water then analysed. The cyanide amount varied 0.13-3,01 µg/L in the Black Sea (K1,K2,K3), 0.11-0.34-µg/L in Igneada, 0.25-1.56µg/L in Kilyos and Rumeli Feneri and 0.09-1.74 µg/L in Istanbul Strait. The highest, levels of cyanide found in seawater of Turkish coasts is lower than the specified regulation limit of 5 µg/L. The cyanide was found in talbot 0.0052µg/g collected from Rumanian and. 0.032µg/g from Igneada coasts, 0.0093µg/g in gray mullet, 0.017µg/g in surmullet, 0.0072 µg/g in small blue fish , 0.00µg/g in silversid and 0.013 µg/g in flesh and 0.054µg/g in gut in common braetn (Aegean Sea), in mussel. 0.028 µg/g collected from Garipce, 0.056µg/g in Rumeli Feneri. The amounts of cyanide in fish and mussel are considered negligeable to be toxic for human consumption. This is first record on cyanide analysis in Turkish coasts.

Objectives: We aimed to determine the yearly patency of the used grefts and case which is performing of femoro-popliteal bypass because of obstructer artery disease. Materials and Methods: 107 femoro-popliteal bypasses are performed for 89 cases because of the extreme chronic obstructer disease and these bypass operations are evaluated. The disease is diagnosed by the help of physical examination and subtraction angiography. As bypass material; reverse safen ven and polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) greft were used. Coroner angiography was performed to case which has got ischemic diversification in its preoperative electrocardiography and angina. The cases are evaluated for a monthly postoperative mortality and morbidity and for yearly primer greft patency. Results: 49 (45.7%) of the 107 bypasses were under knee and 58 (54.3%) of them were upper knee. 81 (75.7%) of the bypasses were achieved by revers safen ven and 26 of them were achieved by PTFE greft. Primer patency was determined as %95.5 at the revers safen ven grefts, and it was determined as 70% at the PTFE grefts. PTCA was performed to the 11 (12.3%) of the cases with coroner artery disease, and to the 15 (16.8%) of them, peripheral vascular attempt was performed after coroner bypass. Conclusion: We suggest that in the cases with the disease of peripheral vascular, safen ven greft must be used because of the high patency rate at the appropriate patients, and because of the coroner artery disease which is commonly associated with the disease of peripheral vascular, the angiography must be performed as a preoperative routine survey. ©2007, Fırat Üniversity, Medical Faculty, Giriş: Tıkayıcı arter hastalığı nedeniyle femoro-popliteal bypass uyguladığımız olguları ve kullanılan greftlerin 1 yıllık patensi oranlarını belirlemeyi amaçladık. Gereç ve Yöntem: Alt ekstremite kronik tıkayıcı arter hastalığı nedeniyle 89 olguya uygulanan toplam 107 femoro-popliteal bypass operasyonu değerlendirildi. Tanı fizik muayene ve dijital substraksiyon anjiyografi ile konuldu. Bypass materyali olarak revers safen ven ve politetrafloroetilen (PTFE) greft kullanıldı. Preoperatif elektrokardiyografisinde iskemik değişiklikler olan ve/veya anjinası olan olgulara koroner anjiografi yapıldı. Olgular ilk 1 aylık postoperatif mortalite ve morbidite ile 1 yıllık primer greft patensisi açısından değerlendirildiler. Bulgular: Yapılan 107 femoro-popliteal bypassın 49'u (%45.7) dizüstü, 58'i (%54.3) ise diz altı idi. Bypasslardan 81'i (%75.7) revers safen ven, 26'sı (%24.3) PTFE greft ile gerçeklestirildi. Primer patensi revers safen ven greftlerde % 95.5 iken PTFE greftlerde %70 olarak bulundu. Koroner arter hastalığı saptanan olguların 11'ine (%12.3) PTCA, 15'ine (%16.8) ise koroner bypass sonrası periferik vasküler girişim uygulandı. Sonuç: Periferik vasküler hastalığı bulunan olgularda yüksek patensi oranları nedeniyle uygun hastalarda öncelikli olarak safen ven greftinin kullanılmasını ayrıca koroner arter hastalığı birlikteliği sık olarak görüldüğünden koroner anjiografinin preoperatif rutin tetkik olarak yapılmasını önermekteyiz. ©2007, Fırat Üniversitesi, Tıp Fakültesi

Acute massive or submassive pulmonary embolism (PE) requires prompt diagnosis and aggressive treatment. Mortality rates can rise up to 70% within the first hour of presentation and are strongly correlated with the degree of right ventricular (RV) dysfunction, cardiac arrest, and consequential congestive heart failure. Pulmonary embolectomy was performed on 4 cases that diagnosed as pulmonary embolism (PE) at Department of Cardio-vascular Surgery, School of Medicine of Fırat University. Three of the cases were female, one was male and the avarage age was 51 (32-67). Deep vein thrombosis was present in all patients. The cause of deep vein thrombosis was trauma in two patient, oral contraseptives use in one and gyneco-logic operation in one patient. The preoperative diagnosis was established by echocardiography and computed tomography. In four patients with MPE, urgent pulmony embolectomy were performed by median sternotomy, using extracorporeal circulation (ECC). Mortality was observed in one case (%25). This patient had taken to operating room with resuscitation because of cardiac arrest. We conclude that, pulmonary embolectomy using ECC in early period of life-threatening MPE may be a life saver procedure, Akut masif ya da submasif pulmoner emboli hızlı tanı ve tedaviyi gerektirir.Tanının ilk saatinden itibaren mortalite oranları %70'lere kadar yükselebilmektedir. Bu durum sağ ventrikül disfonksiyonunun derecesi, kardiyak arrest ve konjestif kalp yetmezliğinin derecesi ile korelasyon göstermektedir. Pulmoner emboli tanısı almış 4 vakaya, Fırat Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi Kalp Damar Cerrahisi Anabilimdalı'nda pulmoner embolektomi operasyonu uygulandı. Hastaları 3'ü bayan ,1'i erkek olup ortalama yaş 51(32-67) idi. Derin ven trombozu tüm hastalarda mevcut olup etiyolojide 2 hastada travma, 1 hastada oral kontraseptif kullanımı ve 1 hastada da major jinekolojik operasyon olduğu saptandı. Masif Pulmoner Emboli tanısı ekokardiyografi ve bilgisayarlı tomografik anjiografi ile konuldu. Hemodinamik olarak instabilitesi olan tüm hastalara ekstrakorporeal dolaşım desteği altında medyan sternotomi yoluyla pulmoner embolektomi uygulandı. Mortalite 1 hastada gözlendi. Bu hasta da kardiyak arrest nedeniyle resüsitasyon eşliğinde operasyona alınan hasta idi. Hayatı tehdit eden MPE' lilerde ekstrakorporeal dolaşım (EKD) şartlarında erken dönemde yapılacak pulmoner embolektominin hayat kurtarıcı olacağını düşünmekteyiz.

Objective: This study explores the influence of vasodilators on the apoptotic activity related to endothelial damage caused by mechanical distension of the saphenous vein. Materials and Methods: Thirty-two patients without varicose veins undergoing coronary artery bypass graft operations were divided into four equal groups. Group I (control) Normal Saline, group II Papaverine group III Verapamil and group IV Nitroglycerine solutions. Percentange of immunohistochemical reactivity, pro-apoptotic bax and kaspaz-9 and anti-apoptotic bcl-2 were measured in the samples. Results: The percentage of cells which were positive for Bax (+) In Group I (Control) was 85.00 ± 6.89, Group II (Papaverine) 64.63 ± 8.73, Group III (Verapamil) 23.75 ± 4.20 and Group IV (Nitroglycerine) 22.00 ± 7.69. While there was no statistical difference between verepamil and nitroglycerin groups, they both had significantly decreased percentage of cells with proapoptotic Bax (+) compared to the control and the papaverine groups (p, Amaç: Bu çalışmamızda, safen vende mekanik distansiyonun sebep olduğu endotelyum harabiyetinde, apopitotik aktivitenin rolünü araştırmayı amaçladık. Gereç ve Yöntem: Çalışmaya her iki cinsten, koroner arter bypass greft operasyonuna alınan, venöz yetmezliği olmayan 32 hasta dahil edildi. Herbir grupta 8 hasta olmak üzere hastalar 4 gruba ayrıldı; Grup1 (Kontrol), Grup 2 (Papaverin), Grup 3 (Verapamil) ve Grup 4 (Nitrogliserin). Herbir grubun VSM'larından doku örnekleri alındı. Doku kesitlerinde immünohistokimyasal boyama ile proapopitotik bax, kaspaz-9 ve antiapopitotik bcl-2 boyanma yüzdeleri araştırıldı. Bulgular: Gruplarda yer alan safen venlerde proapopitotik Bax (+) hücre yüzdeleri sırasıyla 85.00 ± 6.89, 64.63 ± 8.73, 23.75 ± 4.20 ve 22.00 ± 7.69 olarak saptandı. Verapamil ve nitrogliserin grupları arasında istatistiksel bir fark bulunmazken, bu gruplardaki değerler kontrol ve papaverin grubuna göre anlamlı derecede düşük bulundu (p

Objective: Peripheral arterial aneurysms are frequently encountered due to increased incidence of arteriosclerosis and common use of invasive methods for diagnostic and therapeutic purposes. The aim of this report is to retrospectively evaluate preoperative features of peripheral arterial aneurism cases operated at our clinic and their results of surgical treatment. Materials and Methods: A total of 23 peripheral arterial aneurysm cases diagnosed and operated at our clinic between the years of 1994 and 2004 were retrospectively evaluated. Results: Acute and chronic ischemias of extremities were determined in 12 cases (52.1%). True aneurysm and pseudo-aneurysm were seen in 12 (52.2%; more than one aneurysms in three cases) and 11 (47.8%) cases. In etiology, most frequent causes for true and pseudo-aneurysms were recorded to be arteriosclerosis and iatrogenic factors, respectively. Most frequent localization of 26 aneurysms was in the femoral and popliteal arteries. It was noted that aneurysmectomy combined with interposition of sapheneous vein or synthetic graftl was the most commonly applied surgical method. Conclusions: In a total of three cases (13%) amputation (two lower extremity toes and 1 upper-knee) was performed. One patient deceased as a result of post-operative pulmonary edema. It is suggested that peripheral aneurysms (even asymptomatic cases) must be surgically treated since they may cause complications and reduce the success rate of operations to be performed. ©2007, Firat University, Medical Faculty, Amaç: Periferik arter anevrizmalarına gerek arteriyoskleroz insidansında artış, gerekse tanı ve tedavi amaçlı invaziv metodların yaygın kullanımı nedeniyle sıklıkla rastlanılmaktadır. Bu çalışmamızın amacı kliniğimizde periferik arter anevrizması nedeniyle opere edilen olguların preoperatif özelliklerini, cerrahi tedavi sonuçlarını retrospektif olarak değerlendirmektir. Gereç ve Yöntem: Kliniğimizde 1994-2004 yılları arasında periferik arter anevrizma saptanan 23 olgu retrospektif olarak incelendi. Bulgular: Akut ve kronik olmak üzere toplam 12 (%52.1) olguda ekstremite iskemisi mevcuttu. Gerçek anevrizma 12 (%52.2) (3 olguda birden fazla anevrizma), psödo-anevrizma ise 11 (%47.8) olguda tesbit edildi. Etiyolojide gerçek anevrizmalarda en sık olarak arteriyoskleroz, psödoanevrizmalarda ise iyatrojenik nedenler saptandı. Toplam 26 anevrizmanın en sık yerleşim bölgeleri femoral ve popliteal arterler olup en sık uygulanan cerrahi yöntemin anevrizmektomi ile birlikte safen ven veya vasküler greft ile interpozisyon olduğu saptandı. Sonuç: Toplam 3 (%13) olguda amputasyon (2 alt ekstremite parmak ve 1 diz üstü) gerekti. Bir hastamız ise postoperatif akciğer ödemi sonucu kaybedildi. Komplikasyon gelişimi, yapılacak müdahalelerin başarı şansını azaltacağı için asemptomatik bile olsa periferik anevrizmalar mutlaka cerrahi olarak tedavi edilmelidir kanaatindeyiz. ©2007, Fırat Üniversitesi, Tıp Fakültesi

Objective: The purpose of this study is to evaluate the results of the surgical therapy in patients with chronic venous disease. Materials and Methods: One hundred consecutive patients (133 extremities) who underwent primary varicose vein surgery between January 2000 and January 2007 were included in this retrospective study. The patients were evaluated by clinical examination, including CEAP classification (clinical, etiology, anatomical, and pathological), duplex ultrasonography and phlebography employed after inconclusive duplex results. Results: Of the 100 patients, 66 (66%) were male and 34 (34%) female. The patients' mean age was 34.79 (ranged between 18 and 79). CEAP scores were C2 (52.1 %), C2,3 (25.7%), C2,4 (7.1%), C2,5 (10.7%) and C5 (4.3%). The most frequent symptoms were pain, edema and cramp. The high ligation with stripping was the most commonly applied method (57.1 %). Open subfacial perforator ligation was performed to 21 extremities (15%) additionally. The incidence of sensory impairment was 13.6% and recurrence rate was 5.2 %. Conclusion: The surgical planning of venous incompetence should based on accurate preoperative assesment by duplex ultrasonography or venography and individualized treatment according to different reflux patterns., Amaç: Bu çalışmanın amacı kronik venöz yetmezlikli hastalarda cerrahi tedavinin sonuçlarını değerlendirmektir. Gereç ve Yöntemler: Ocak 2000 ile Ocak 2007 tarihleri arasında primer variköz ven cerrahisi uygulanan ardışık 100 hasta bu retrospektif çalışmaya alındı. Bu hastalar CEAP (klinik, etyolojik, anatomik ve patolojik) sınıflamasını da içeren klinik muayene, duplex ultarson ve bazı durumlarda venografik olarak değerlendirildi. Bulgular: Yüz hastanın 66'i erkek (%66), 34'ü kadın, yaş ortalaması ise 34.79 (18-79) idi. Hastaların CEAP skorları C2 (%52.1), C2,3 (25.7), C2,4 (%7.1), C2,5 (%10.7) ve C5 (%4.3) bulundu. En sık gözlenen semptomlar ağrı, şişlik ve kramptı. Stripingle birlikte yüksek ven ligasyonuen sık kullanılan yöntemdi (%57.1). Açık subfasiyal perfaratör ligasyonu 21 ekstremitede (%15) ilave olarak uygulandı. Çalışmamızda duyu kaybı insidansı 13.6 ve nüks oranı %5.2'dir. Sonuç: Venöz yetmezliğin cerrahi planlanması preoperatif olarak duplex ultrason yada venografiyle tam değerlendirmeye dayanmalı ve tedavi farklı reflü paternlerine göre kişiye özgü olarak belirlenmelidir.

Objective: Deep vein thrombosis (DVT) is an important cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide unless treated on time. This retrospective study aimed to share our experience with our collegues regarding lower extremity DVT treatments in our hospital. Materials and Methods: Between the years 2002-2006, 212 patients applied at our hospital as suffering from pain and swallow. Clinical signs and symptoms of DVT were classified according to the Wells scoreing. If well scoreing higher than 2, then patients got on doppler ultrasonography and thrombosis diagnosed patients were hospitalized. Results: It was found that Wells score of all patients was above 2 and DVT was observed in 173 patients (81.6 %). 88 patients (50.9%) were females and of the 85 patients (49.1%) were males, and avarage age 48. It was also found that there was no risk factors for DVT in the 36 (20.8%) patients while diagnosed the most common risk factors for DVT were cause of obstetric (28 patients; 16.2%) and immobilization (28 patients; 16.2%). Standart heparin infusion was administered to 88 subjects (50.9%) while the remaining subjects (79) (45.7%) had a low molecular weight heparin twice a day. Six patients (3.4%) with massive iliac thrombosis got a thrombolytic therapy. Pulmonary embolus was developed in the 4 patients (2.3%) and two of them died due to massive pulmonary emboli (1.1%). Conclusion: These data indicate that it is necessary early suitable treatment of DVT to prevent its complications after a definitive detection of DVT with a doppler ultrasonography. ©2008, Firat University, Medical Faculty, Amaç: Derin ven trombozu (DVT) zamanında teşhis edilip tedavi edilmediğinde ciddi morbidite ve mortalite ile sonuçlanan bir hastalıktır. Deneyimlerimizi sunmak amacıyla kliniğimizde alt ekstremite DVT nedeniyle tedavi edilen hastaları retrospektif olarak inceledik. Gereç ve Yöntem: Kliniğimize 2002- 2006 tarihleri arasında alt ekstremitelerinde ağrı ve şişlik şikayeti ile başvuran 212 hastaya Wells skorlaması uygulandı. Wells skoru 2' nin üzerinde olan hastalara doppler ultrasonografi çekildi. Tromboz saptadıklarımız hospitalize edildi. Bulgular: Tüm hastaların Wells skoru 2' nin üzerindeydi ve çekilen doppler ultrasonografi sonucunda 173 (%81.6) hastada DVT tespit edildi. Tromboz saptanan olguların 88'i kadın (%50.9), 85'i erkek (%49,1) olup ortalama yaş 48 idi. DVT oluşumunda 36 (%20.8) hastada belirli bir risk faktörü bulunamazken belirlenen risk faktörlerinden en sık olarak 28'inde (%16.2) obstetrik nedenler ve 28'inde (%16.2) immobilizasyon tespit edilmiştir. Olguların 88'ine (%50.9) standart heparin infüzyonu, 79'una (%45.7) ise günde 2 kez düşük molekül ağırlıklı heparin uygulandı. Massiv iliyak trombozlu 6 (%3.4) hastaya ise trombolitik tedavi verildi. Hastaların 4'ünde (%2.3) pulmoner emboli gelişti. Bu hastalardan 2'si massif pulmoner emboli nedeniyle kaybedildi (%1.1). Sonuç: Komplikasyonlarının önlenmesi açısından klinik olarak DVT düşünülen hastalarda doppler ultrasonografi ile tanı kesinleştirilmeli ve erken dönemde uygun tedavi başlanmalıdır.©2008, Fırat Üniversitesi, Tıp Fakültesi

Amaç: Silostazol, spesifik cAMP fosfodiesteraz III inhibitorü olmakla birlikte medikal olarak bir periferik arter hastalığı olan intermitan klodikasyon tanılı hastalarda fiziksel aktivite esnasında bacakta meydana gelen ağrının giderilmesinde kullanılmaktır. Bu çalışmanın amacı, ağrı çalışmaları için uygun bir deneysel model olan sıçan dorsal kök gangliyonlarında (DKG) silostazolun hücre içi kalsiyum ([Ca2]i) düzeyi üzerindeki etkisini belirlemekti. Gereç ve Yöntem: DKG nöronları 2 günlük Wistar cinsi sıçanlardan çeşitli enzimatik ve mekanik uygulamalarla elde edildi. DKG nöronları 1 ?mol Fura-2 AM boyasıyla boyanarak [Ca2]iseviyesindeki değişimler oransal florasan yöntemle tespit edildi. Kültürde bulunan hücreler 340380 nm dalga boyunda uyarılıp 510 nm dalga boyunda kayıt yapıldı. Her bir nöronun 340/380 (bazal- pik) oranında bazal kalsiyum seviyesi tespit edildikten sonra kültür ortamına KCl (30 mM) ve kapsaisin (1 ?M) uygulandı. Silostazol tek başına veya KCl (30 mM) ve kapsaisin (1?M) ile birlikte kültür ortamına uygulanmasıyla küçük çapa sahip DKG nöronlarında meydana gelen [Ca2]i değişimi incelendi. Elde edilen veriler Student's t-testi kullanılarak istatiksel olarak değerlendirildi ve P0.05 istatistiki olarak anlamlı kabul edildi. Bulgular: Silostazol kültür ortamına öncelikle olarak tek başına uygulandı ve bu uygulama sonucunda hücre içi bazal Ca2 seviyesinde anlamlı bir değişim gözlenmedi (bazal100.00.0 ve silostazol %99.80.8). Ortama KCl uygulanması [Ca2]i seviyesini %190.36.2 seviyesine yükseltti (p0.001). Kapsaisin uygulandığında ise [Ca2]i seviyesi %165.64.1 değerine ulaştı (P0.001). Bununla birlikte ortama KCl ve kapsaisin ile birlikte silostazol uygulandığında ise [Ca2]i seviyesi sırası ile %189.4 4.6 ve %166.0 3.8 idi. Sonuç: Bu çalışmada ile silostazolün DKG nöronlarında [Ca2]i düzeyinde herhangi bir değişime neden olmadığı belirlendi. Silostazol ağrı kesici etkisini muhtemelen hücre içi farklı mekanizmalarla gerçekleştirmektedir., Objective: Cilostazol, a specific cAMP phosphodiesterase III inhibitor, is used for medical treatment of intermittent claudication in peripheral artery disease to prevent leg pain during physical activity. Dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons are eligible experimental model for pain investigations. Aim of this study was to figure out the effect of cilostazol on intracellular calcium ([Ca2]i) signaling in cultured rat DRG neurons. Materials and Methods: DRG neurons were grown in primary culture following enzymatic and mechanical dissociation of ganglia from 2-day-old Wistar rats. DRG neuronal cultures were loaded with 1?mol Fura-2AM and [Ca2]i responses to stimulation were assessed by using fluorescent ratiometry. Cultured cells were excited at 340 and 380nm and emission was recorded at 510nm. Responses were determined by the change in 340/380 ratio (basal-peak) for individual neurons. After basal recordings, KCl (30mM) and capcaicin (1?M) applied to medium for induction of [Ca2]i. Cilostazol treated alone or co-administered with KCl and capcaicin for determining the possible changes in calcium signaling in small size DRG neurons. Data were analyzed by using Student's t test, P level of >0.05 defining statistical significance. Results: Firstly exposure to cilostazol failed to cause any significant change in basal [Ca2]i response (basal100.0±0.0 and cilostazol 99.8±0.8 %). KCl and capcaicin had significant increase in [Ca2]i responses to 190.3±6.2% and 165.6±4.1% (respectively, P> 0.001). But coapplication of cilostazol with KCl and capcaicin did not alter the KCl and capcaicin induced elevation in [Ca2]i (189.4 ±% 4.6 and 166.0 ± 3.8% respectively). Conclusion: In conclusion, the results of present study suggest that cilostazol has no effect on [Ca2]i signaling in rat sensory neurons in vitro. It seems cilostazol may activate other mechanism(s) at cellular level rather than modulating calcium signaling in DRG neurons.

Burma, Oktay/0000-0002-0880-4578; Ustundag, Bilal/0000-0001-6621-2450; uysal, ayhan/0000-0001-7526-5554; ozguler, ibrahim murat/0000-0002-9928-9056 WOS: 000325694600013 The aim of the current study was to assess the effects of the Class III antiarrhythmic drug amiodarone on arterial blood Nitric oxide (NO) levels together with malondialdehyde (MDA), superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-px), and catalase (CAT) levels in patients undergoing coronary artery bypass surgery (CABG). Twenty patients undergoing CABG were included in the study. The patients were divided into control and amiodarone groups (n=10 in each group). The patients in group 1 did not receive any drugs. The patients in group II received 4X400 mg/day amiodarone on the day before surgery, 2X600 mg/day amiodarone on the day of surgery, and 2X400 mg/day amiodarone for the first consecutive four days after the surgery. NO, MDA, SOD, GSH-px, and CAT values were measured for biochemical evaluation of oxidative stress before the induction of anesthesia (T-A), before CPB (T-CPB), five minutes after the clamp was removed (T-c), after protamine (T-P), and on postoperative days 1 (T-1), 3 (T-3), and 5 (T-5). Hemodynamic changes of all patients were recorded at before the induction of anesthesia (TA), before CPB (TCPB), after protamine (T-P), and on postoperative day 1 (T1). Amiodarone elevated NO levels at all times during the study period but did not cause changes in MDA, SOD, GSH-px, or CAT. In addition, amiodarone decreased mean pulmonary artery pressure, pulmonary capillary wedge pressure, and heart rate in these patients. No side effect due to drug was observed. Heart rate was found more decreased in amiodarone group at T-1 and T-2 stages when compared with controls (p

ÖZET Alt ekstremite iskemi-reperfüzyonunu takiben nötrofil infiltrasyonu ve serbest oksijen radikallerine bağlı olarak akciğer hasan oluştuğu gösterilmiştir. Bu hasarın büyük bir bölümü reperfüzyon sırasında oluşmaktadır. Bu çalışmada, deneysel alt ekstremite iskemi-reperruzyonun modelinde oluşan akciğer hasan ve bunları önlemede melatoninin koruyucu etkisi araştırıldı. Çalışmada 40 adet Yeni Zelanda cinsi beyaz erkek tavşan kullanıldı. Tavşanlar rastgele dört eşit gruba ayrıldı: Grup 1 (sham grubu, n=10), Grup 2 (I-R grubu, n=10), Grup 3 (preiskemik tedavi gnıbu, n=10) ve Grup 4 (prereperfüzyon tedavi grubu, n=10). Grup l'de sadece anestezi uygulandı ve 6 saat bekleme sonrası kan ve doku örnekleri alındı. Grup 2,3 ve 4 'de anestezi verildikten sonra bilateral arka ekstremite, kalça eklemi hizasından turnike ile sıkıldı. 4 saat iskemi sağlandıktan sonra turnike açıldı ve iki saat reperfüzyon sonrası kan - doku örnekleri alındı. Melatonin, Grup 3'de iskemiden ve Grup 4' de reperfüzyondan 15 dakika önce 10mg/kg intraperitoneal yolla verildi. Alınan kan örneklerinde eritrosit GSH- Px, SOD, CAT, plazma MDA seviyeleri ölçüldü. Akciğer dokusu MDA düzeyleri tesbit edildi ve bistopatolojik olarak incelendi. iskemi-reperfüzyon uygulanan gruplar arasında Grup 4 deneklerin eritrosit antioksidan enzim seviyelerinin (GSH-Px, SOD, CAT) Grup 2 ve Grup 3 'e göre yüksek olduğu tesbit edildi (pO.01). Doku ve plazma MDA seviyeleri grup 4 de grup 2 ve grup 3 'e göre anlamlı derecede daha düşük bulundu (p

61 - SUMMARY This study is on whiting (Merlangius merlangus euxinus Nordmann, 18^0), due to its emportance in Turkey's fishing as a shallow water species. If palagic species at the Eastern Black Sea are omitted, whiting, with a percentage of 75.5 % appears as an important catch. Our investigations have been conducted in two different areas, one being in between Sinop and Giresun, and the other in beetween Giresun and Hopa at the Eastern Black Sea. Trawl data from 21 preselected stations have been evaluated. As a result a number of findings have been made on morphology, biology, length constants, age-weight relations, death and loss Indices, stock use, and bio-mass properties of these fishes. Trawl materials and catch compo sition have also been evaluated besides fishing activities of the future. 73