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Our study aimed to determine the effects of losartan and PD123319 in ischemia-reperfusion (IR) injury in isolated perfused rat heart. The study used 40 male Wistar albino rats that were grouped as Control, IR, and IR treatment groups that received losartan (20 mg/kg), PD123319 (20 mg/kg), and losartan+PD123319. The hearts were attached to Langendorff isolated heart system by employing in situ cannulation method, and cardiodynamic parameters were recorded during the experiment. At the end of experiment, hearts were retained for biochemical analysis and all data were statistically evaluated. A partial recovery of cardiodynamic parameters was observed in all treatment groups. A significant increase in oxidative stress parameters were seen in the IR group, whereas all treatment groups exhibited lower increase. Furthermore, levels of all antioxidant parameters were significantly lower in the IR group, but higher in the treatment groups. Effects on all parameters were much more remarkable in the PD123319 group. Levels of angiotensin II and renin were increased (P < 0.001) with IR application and decreased (P < 0.001) with the treatment of both antagonists. In conclusion, treatment of losartan and PD123319 played a cardioprotective role against IR injury, PD123319 being more effective in this protection. Key words: renin-angiotensin, PD123319, losartan, isolated heart, ischemia-reperfusion. Notre etude visait a etablir les effets du losartan et du PD123319 sur les lesions d'ischemie-reperfusion (IR) dans le creur de rat isole perfuse. L'etude a porte sur 40 rats Wistar albinos males repartis dans les groupes temoin, IR, ainsi que dans les groupes IR avec losartan (20 mg/kg), PD123319 (20 mg/kg) et losartan + PD123319. Les creurs etaient montes dans des systemes de creur isole de Langendorff apres une cannulation in situ, et les parametres cardiodynamiques etaient enregistres pendant l'experience. A la fin de l'experience, nous avons conserve les creurs en vue d'epreuves biochimiques, et nous avons evalue toutes les donnees a l'aide de methodes statistiques. Nous avons observe un retablissement partiel des parametres cardiodynamiques dans tous les groupes de traitement. Nous avons observe une hausse marquee des parametres du stress oxydatif dans le groupe IR, tandis que l'augmentation etait moindre dans tous les groupes de traitement. En outre, les taux de tous les parametres de l'antioxydation etaient nettement abaisses dans le groupe IR, mais plus eleves dans les groupes de traitement. Les effets pour tous les parametres etaient bien plus manifestes dans le groupe PD123319. Les taux d'angiotensine II et de renine augmentaient (P < 0,001) avec l'IR, et diminuaient (P < 0,001) avec l'administration des deux agonistes. En conclusion, l'administration de losartan et de PD123319 jouait un role cardioprotecteur contre les lesions d'IR, la protection par le PD123319 etant au demeurant plus efficace. [Traduit par la Redaction] Mots-cles: renine-angiotensine, PD123319, losartan, creur isole, ischemie-reperfusion., Introduction The renin-angiotensin system (RAS) plays an important role in the regulation of blood pressure and in the maintenance of fluid and electrolyte balance of the body. Angiotensin II is [...]

Because epilepsy pathogenesis is affected by serum minerals and antioxidant enzymes, this study was designed to evaluate whether there was a relationship among electrolytes (Na, Ca, K, Cl, P, Mg), trace elements (Fe, Zn, Cu) and oxidative stress in patients with generalized or focal epilepsy. Twenty healthy individuals (control group), and 20 focal and 20 generalized epilepsy patients (patient groups) were included in the study. Control and patient groups were matched with age (30-40 years old), body mass index (25-28) and sex (10 males and 10 females). Serum Na, Ca, K, Cl, P, Mg and Fe levels were analyzed in an autoanalyzer, serum Zn and Cu were analyzed in a mass spectrophotometer, total antioxidant status, total oxidant status and myeloperoxidase levels were measured spectrophotometrically. The oxidative stress index increased (p<0.001) and the serum Na levels decreased (p<0.001) in focal epilepsy patients compared to the controls. It has been concluded these changes may make focal epilepsy pati ents more susceptible to seizures than generalized epilepsy patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: There are a few studies related to nitric oxide (NO) and leptin interaction in the regulation of physiological events in skeletal muscle. Therefore, the aim of the present study is to investigate the interaction of leptin and NO in response to blood flow and nitric oxide synthase (NOS) distribution on rat skeletal muscle. Materials and Methods: Twenty-four adult-male Wistar albino rats were divided into 4 groups: control (C), Leptin (LP) (50 µg/kg), L-NG-nitroarginine methyl ester (LN) (a non-specific nitric oxide synthase inhibitor, 10 mg/kg,) and L-NAME+Leptin (LN+LP) administrated groups. Drugs were administered via the right jugular vein. Hemodynamic parameters: mean arterial pressure, heart rate and blood flow were recorded during the experiment and at the end blood samples for biochemical analyses of leptin and nitrite/nitrate levels and gastrocnemius muscle tissues from the right hindlimb for NOS distribution were taken. Results: Leptin infusion after L-NAME administration significantly decreased heart rate and blood flow (p<0.05, p<0.001). In addition, there was no change in the mean arterial pressure in the leptin group and leptin-administered L-NAME group. Leptin levels were the highest in the LP+LN group (p<0.01). Decreased nitrate/nitrate levels with L-NAME administration (p<0.01 vs C) reached control values by leptin infusion. Both endothelial NOS (eNOS) and neuronal NOS (nNOS) distributions were observed in the skeletal muscle cells of the leptin group. Conclusion: Although NO synthesis is inhibited by L-NAME, it is concluded that leptin partially enhances NO production and leptin uses NO as a mediator in its physiological effects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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ContextPhillyrea latifoliaL. (Oleaceae), commonly found in the Mediterranean region in Turkey, is used as medicinal teas for weight loss and hyperglycaemia in folk medicine. ObjectiveThe study investigated the possible effects ofP. latifolialeaves aqueous extract’s on weight loss and biochemical–histological changes in the rats fed a high-energy diet (HED), also isolated and determined the main phenolic compounds. Materials and methodsTwenty-four male Wistar albino rats were divided into four equal groups such as the HED group fed a HED, the PLE group given only the extract ofP. latifolialeaves (220 mg/kg), the HED + PLE group administrated with the extract of leaves (220 mg/kg) after being fed with HED and a control group fed with standard pellet diet. ResultsPLE administration caused a remarkable decrement of body weight in the HED + PLE group (p < 0.05). PLE showed an improved effect on structural integrity and decreased leukocyte infiltration in liver and small intestinal tissues. The blood glucose (117.3 mmol/L), leptin (5.6 ng/mL), total cholesterol (61.8 mg/dL) and LDL (9.3 mmol/L) levels were significantly increased in the HED group. PLE administration in the HED group decreased these levels. The levels of HDL (26.8 mmol/L) in the HED + PLE group were higher than both control and HED groups. Chemical composition was investigated and luteolin 7-O-glucoside and chlorogenic acid were determined for the first time in Turkish sample from the EtOAc extract of leaves. Discussion and conclusionPhillyrea latifolialeaves may have beneficial effects on obesity related cellular problems and may become a good source of antidiabetic medication. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

Although hemorrhoids are one of the most common diseases in the world, the exact etiology underlying the development of hemorrhoids is not clear. Many different ointments are currently used to treat hemorrhoids; however, there is little evidence of the efficacy of these treatments to support their use. The aim of this study was to compare different herbal creams used for the treatment of hemorrhoids. Twenty-eight male Wistar albino rats, 6-8 weeks old and weighing 160-180 g, were used in this study as 1-control, 2-croton oil, 3-croton oil+fig leaves+artichoke leaves+walnut husks and 4-croton oil+fig leaves+artichoke leaves+walnut husks+horse chestnut fruit. After 3 days of croton oil application, rats were treated with 0.1 ml of cream or saline twice a day for 15 days by syringe. Tissue and blood samples were collected for histological, immunohistochemical and biochemical studies. Statistical significance was determined using one-way ANOVA followed by Tukey's multiple comparison tests. Croton oil administration resulted in severe inflammation. The third group showed partial improvement in inflammation; however, the greatest degree of improvement was seen in the fourth group, and some recovered areas were observed. Myeloperoxidase immunoreactivity was found to be decreased in the third and fourth groups compared to the second group. Additionally, biochemical analyses (Myeloperoxidase, Malondyaldehyde, nitrate/nitrite and nitrotyrosine levels and Superoxide Dismutase activity) were in agreement with the histological and immunohistochemical results. In conclusion, croton oil causes inflammation in the anal area and results in hemorrhoids. Treatment with our herbal hemorrhoid creams demonstrated anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidant effects in this model.

Coenzyme Q10 is an important component of mitochondrial electron transport chain and antioxidant. Hyperthyroidism manifests hyperdynamic circulation with increased cardiac output, increased heart rate and decreased peripheral resistance. The heart is also under the oxidative stress in the hyperthyroidism. The aim of this study was to examine both how the coenzyme Q10 can affect heart ultrastructure in the hyperthyroidism and how the relationship between nitric oxide synthase (NOS) and heart damage and coenzyme Q10. Swiss Black C57 mice received 5 mg/kg L-thyroxine. Coenzyme Q10 (1.5 mg/kg) and L-thyroxine together was given to second group mice. Coenzyme Q10 and serum physiologic were applied to another two groups, respectively. All treatments were performed daily for 15 days by gavage. Free triiodothyronine and thyroxine were increased in two groups given L-thyroxine; thyroid-stimulating hormone level did not change. Hyperthyroid heart showed an increased endothelial NOS (eNOS) and inducible NOS (iNOS) immunoreactivity in the tissue. Coenzyme Q10 administration decreased these NOS immunoreactivities in the hyperthyroid animals. Cardiomyocytes of the hyperthyroid animals was characterized by abnormal shape and invaginated nuclei, and degenerative giant mitochondria. Desmosome plaques reduced in density. In hyperthyroid mice given coenzyme Q10, the structural disorganization and mitochondrial damage regressed. However, hearts of healthy mice given coenzyme Q10 displayed normal ultrastructure, except for increased mitochondria and some of them were partially damaged. Coenzyme Q10 increased the glycogen in the cardiomyocytes. In conclusion, coenzyme Q10 administration can prevent the ultrastructural disorganization and decrease the iNOS and eNOS increment in the hyperthyroid heart.