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Influenza-like illness (ILI) patients co-detected with respiratory pathogens exhibit poorer health outcomes than those with single infections. To address the paucity of knowledge concerning the incidence of concurrent respiratory pathogens, their relationships, and the clinical differences between patients detected with single and multiple pathogens, we performed an in-depth characterization of the oropharyngeal samples of primary care patients collected in Genoa (Northwest Italy), during winter seasons 2018/19–2019/20. The apriori algorithm was employed to evaluate the incidence of viral, bacterial, and viral-bacterial pairs during the study period. The grade of correlation between pathogens was investigated using the Phi coefficient. Factors associated with viral, bacterial or viral-bacterial co-detection were assessed using logistic regression. The most frequently identified pathogens included influenza A, rhinovirus, Haemophilus influenzae and Streptococcus pneumoniae. The highest correlations were found between bacterial-bacterial and viral-bacterial pairs, such as Haemophilus influenzae-Streptococcus pneumoniae, adenovirus-Haemophilus influenzae, adenovirus-Streptococcus pneumoniae, RSV-A-Bordetella pertussis, and influenza B Victoria-Bordetella parapertussis. Viruses were detected together at significantly lower rates. Notably, rhinovirus, influenza, and RSV exhibited significant negative correlations with each other. Co-detection was more prevalent in children aged < 4, and cough was shown to be a reliable indicator of viral co-detection. Given the evolving epidemiological landscape following the COVID-19 pandemic, future research utilizing the methodology described here, while considering the circulation of SARS-CoV-2, could further enrich the understanding of concurrent respiratory pathogens. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract Influenza-like illness (ILI) patients co-detected with respiratory pathogens exhibit poorer health outcomes than those with single infections. To address the paucity of knowledge concerning the incidence of concurrent respiratory pathogens, their relationships, and the clinical differences between patients detected with single and multiple pathogens, we performed an in-depth characterization of the oropharyngeal samples of primary care patients collected in Genoa (Northwest Italy), during winter seasons 2018/19–2019/20. The apriori algorithm was employed to evaluate the incidence of viral, bacterial, and viral-bacterial pairs during the study period. The grade of correlation between pathogens was investigated using the Phi coefficient. Factors associated with viral, bacterial or viral-bacterial co-detection were assessed using logistic regression. The most frequently identified pathogens included influenza A, rhinovirus, Haemophilus influenzae and Streptococcus pneumoniae. The highest correlations were found between bacterial-bacterial and viral-bacterial pairs, such as Haemophilus influenzae-Streptococcus pneumoniae, adenovirus-Haemophilus influenzae, adenovirus-Streptococcus pneumoniae, RSV-A-Bordetella pertussis, and influenza B Victoria-Bordetella parapertussis. Viruses were detected together at significantly lower rates. Notably, rhinovirus, influenza, and RSV exhibited significant negative correlations with each other. Co-detection was more prevalent in children aged

Iron is an essential micronutrient for plant growth and development. In Arabidopsis thaliana , an intricate regulatory network involving several basic helix–loop–helix (bHLH) transcription factors controls the homeostasis of iron. Among these transcription factors, bHLH121 plays a crucial role. bHLH121 interacts in vivo with clade IVc bHLH transcription factors and activates the expression of FIT and clade Ib bHLH transcription factors to stimulate the uptake of iron. How bHLH121 and clade IVc bHLH transcription factors function collectively and efficiently to maintain iron homeostasis is still unclear. Herein, we found that double loss-of-function mutants involving bhlh121 and one of the clade IVc bHLH transcription factors displayed more severe iron deficiency-associated growth defects than each of the single mutants. We also found that among the four clade IVc bHLH transcription factors, only bHLH34 and bHLH105 could partially complement the iron-associated growth defects of bhlh121 when overexpressed. These data, together with protein localization analysis, support that bHLH121 and clade IVc bHLH transcription factors act synergistically to regulate iron homeostasis and that different bHLH121/clade IVc and clade IVc/clade IVc protein complexes are involved in this process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Identity systems are fundamental to any network, just as a language is shaped by a consistent set of symbols and their interpretation. A network is defined by a consistent set of identities and their usages. However, as pressures mount to customize and adapt to these identity spaces, one ponders how a network sustains its utility through coherence. This study investigates evolving Internet identifiers and their supporting systems. Owing to the multi-disciplinary nature of the topic, this paper draws perspectives from a wide array of sources that contribute to Internet systems and digital library systems. Initially, this paper highlights the dynamism and role of namespaces, focusing on the critical need to maintain coherence in the public domain. It also discusses the impact of mobility and digital cloning on identifiers and explores their influence on identity and location. In addition, key Internet identifiers are analyzed, contrasting them with methodologies adopted by digital library systems to provide deeper insights into various identity models. Furthermore, this study explores the evolution of the Domain Name System (DNS) as an identity system, examining the tensions and adaptations driven by customization demands. Finally, this paper explores alternative namespaces beyond the DNS, considering potential responses to these evolutionary pressures and future implications.

In the current hybrid environment where MARC and linked data coexist, it is of great significance to study the deployment and application of identifiers in MARC format to simplify MARC to linked data conversion. Using the identifiers in MARC21 and UNIMARC authority format as research objects. this paper identifies and discusses the problem of alternating application of old and new concepts brought by the hybrid of document network and data network environment. The concept and application of the following objects in MARC authority are discussed in detail: the local authority record control number and persistent record identifier, local and remote identifier, authority record and real-world object identifier, RDF URI and common Web URL. The results show that MARC authority has updated the format and content for the development of linked data. Various identifiers carry different functions in MARC authority, so they should be recorded in different fields and subfields to distinguish. In the future, it still needs further study on the coordination of URI and related objects, the identification and selection of identifiers, the balance between URI link and traditional cataloging work, etc. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Respiratory illnesses are some of the most common reasons for visits to primary and urgent care yet their treatment is rarely guided by laboratory testing. A retrospective case review was performed on the use of an reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) respiratory viral panel (RVP) in a primary-care setting to assess its impact, particularly on antibiotic prescribing. Routine sick visits where an RVP was used were reviewed to compare presentations and outcomes. In this small study, positive RVP tests help reduce unnecessary antibiotic prescriptions by nearly one-third. Although currently expensive, RVPs are a valuable tool for the assessment of respiratory illnesses distinguishing between those that require antibiotics and those with potential public health implications, such as COVID-19. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract Introduction The Semantic Web community provides a common Resource Description Framework (RDF) that allows representation of resources such that they can be linked. To maximize the potential of linked data - machine-actionable interlinked resources on the Web - a certain level of quality of RDF resources should be established, particularly in the biomedical domain in which concepts are complex and high-quality biomedical ontologies are in high demand. However, it is unclear which quality metrics for RDF resources exist that can be automated, which is required given the multitude of RDF resources. Therefore, we aim to determine these metrics and demonstrate an automated approach to assess such metrics of RDF resources. Methods An initial set of metrics are identified through literature, standards, and existing tooling. Of these, metrics are selected that fulfil these criteria: (1) objective; (2) automatable; and (3) foundational. Selected metrics are represented in RDF and semantically aligned to existing standards. These metrics are then implemented in an open-source tool. To demonstrate the tool, eight commonly used RDF resources were assessed, including data models in the healthcare domain (HL7 RIM, HL7 FHIR, CDISC CDASH), ontologies (DCT, SIO, FOAF, ORDO), and a metadata profile (GRDDL). Results Six objective metrics are identified in 3 categories: Resolvability (1), Parsability (1), and Consistency (4), and represented in RDF. The tool demonstrates that these metrics can be automated, and application in the healthcare domain shows non-resolvable URIs (ranging from 0.3% to 97%) among all eight resources and undefined URIs in HL7 RIM, and FHIR. In the tested resources no errors were found for parsability and the other three consistency metrics for correct usage of classes and properties. Conclusion We extracted six objective and automatable metrics from literature, as the foundational quality requirements of RDF resources to maximize the potential of linked data. Automated tooling to assess resources has shown to be effective to identify quality issues that must be avoided. This approach can be expanded to incorporate more automatable metrics so as to reflect additional quality dimensions with the assessment tool implementing more metrics.

Introduction: The Semantic Web community provides a common Resource Description Framework (RDF) that allows representation of resources such that they can be linked. To maximize the potential of linked data - machine-actionable interlinked resources on the Web - a certain level of quality of RDF resources should be established, particularly in the biomedical domain in which concepts are complex and high-quality biomedical ontologies are in high demand. However, it is unclear which quality metrics for RDF resources exist that can be automated, which is required given the multitude of RDF resources. Therefore, we aim to determine these metrics and demonstrate an automated approach to assess such metrics of RDF resources. Methods: An initial set of metrics are identified through literature, standards, and existing tooling. Of these, metrics are selected that fulfil these criteria: (1) objective; (2) automatable; and (3) foundational. Selected metrics are represented in RDF and semantically aligned to existing standards. These metrics are then implemented in an open-source tool. To demonstrate the tool, eight commonly used RDF resources were assessed, including data models in the healthcare domain (HL7 RIM, HL7 FHIR, CDISC CDASH), ontologies (DCT, SIO, FOAF, ORDO), and a metadata profile (GRDDL). Results: Six objective metrics are identified in 3 categories: Resolvability (1), Parsability (1), and Consistency (4), and represented in RDF. The tool demonstrates that these metrics can be automated, and application in the healthcare domain shows non-resolvable URIs (ranging from 0.3% to 97%) among all eight resources and undefined URIs in HL7 RIM, and FHIR. In the tested resources no errors were found for parsability and the other three consistency metrics for correct usage of classes and properties. Conclusion: We extracted six objective and automatable metrics from literature, as the foundational quality requirements of RDF resources to maximize the potential of linked data. Automated tooling to assess resources has shown to be effective to identify quality issues that must be avoided. This approach can be expanded to incorporate more automatable metrics so as to reflect additional quality dimensions with the assessment tool implementing more metrics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: High grade fever (103-106°F), headaches, backaches, sharp painful joints, pain behind the eyes, nausea, vomiting, and a generalized erythematous rash are among the common symptoms of dengue. The febrile, critical, and recovery stages can be used to describe the disease's clinical course. WHO published a recommendation in November 2009 that categorizes symptomatic patients as severe dengue or dengue (with or without warning signs). Method: The present study was conducted under the Department of General Medicine, Rajshree Medical Research Institute, Bareilli. It was a Prospective cohort study conducted between February 2021 to July 2022. Study population comprised of those admitted in IPD in RMRI of 18-59 years of age, having fever more than 38.5oC with NS1 antigen positive or IgM dengue positive or both. Result: Out of 90 patients, studied that Vomiting are present in 51(56.7%) patients whereas 43.3% subjects do not had vomiting. Out of 90 patients, studied 54.4% study subjects had headache whereas it is absent in 45.6% patients. Out of 90 patients, studied that URI are present in 12(13.3%) patients.86.7% study subjects do not had URI. Abdominal pain are present in 8(8.9%) patients.,91.1% study subjects do not had abdominal pain. Conclusion: In this study, dengue infection affected a large portion of the young population and was more prevalent in men than in women. The bulk of the patients had fever. In addition to the typical headache, body aching, and fatigue, many patients also presented with gastrointestinal and respiratory symptoms such stomach discomfort, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, and dry cough. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Semantic digital technologies are as useful as they are difficult to implement. During its existence, the concept of the Semantic Web has still found very limited application and extremely slow development. The reasons for this are serious differences in the structure of hypertext and the Semantic Web as a superstructure above it, and the rules that circumscribed the development of the internet. Semantic search engines still do not implement semantic search in its pure form: various data organization schemes and data visualization formats make it a little easier to analyze facts, add them to databases, but do not make knowledge bases out of the latter, do not allow working with facts as with knowledge. In addition, the user interfaces of such systems tend to be either very complex or counter-intuitive. Nevertheless, there is every reason to believe that with the use of modern technologies, the ideas of semantization of the web and its content can already be improved and gradually implemented: for this it is necessary to get rid of some false expectations of semantic technologies, to direct efforts towards the development of web native formats of semantic markup and try to take advantage of the increasingly common voice input of household devices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract Background Previous literature has reported on the incidence of short-term complications following resection of cervical lymphatic malformations (LMs) in children, however no research has yet investigated the long-term symptomatic course in these patients. This study aims to provide families and providers with an understanding of expectations for long-term symptom control, specifically in association with subsequent upper respiratory infections (URIs). Methods A retrospective chart review produced a case series of patients who underwent resection of cervical LM at a pediatric tertiary care center between 2007 and 2016. Demographic data, disease characteristics, operative details, and postoperative care were evaluated. Telephone surveys were conducted to ascertain the course of postoperative symptoms at the surgical site. Results Forty-three patients responded to the telephone survey. Thirty-seven (86.0%) had at least one postoperative surgical site symptom during subsequent URIs, with 28 (65.1%) reporting redness, 34 (79.1%) reporting swelling, and 18 (41.9%) reporting pain. Patients who experienced any of these symptoms universally indicated that they developed soon after the surgical resection, and over half reported that they improved over time. Postoperative seroma was associated with swelling during subsequent URIs (p = 0.04). Patients age 7 or were greater were more likely than those under 7 to report pain with URIs (p = 0.006). All 8 patients with drain placement for at least 2 days reported swelling during subsequent URIs. The incidence of the queried symptoms did not vary significantly based on sex, stage, histology, surgical subsite, or presence of residual disease. Conclusion While preoperative symptoms associated with cervical LMs are also frequently encountered postoperatively, particularly in some patient subgroups, improvement over time should be expected. Level of evidence 4

Abstract Background Antibiotics are often prescribed inappropriately to patients with upper respiratory infection (URI) in ambulatory care settings; however, the economic burden of such prescription has not been quantitatively assessed. Here, we aimed to evaluate the additional cost of antimicrobial prescription for URI at the population level in Japan. Methods We conducted a retrospective observational survey using longitudinal claims data between 2013 and 2016 obtained from JMDC Claims Database, which contains data from 5·1 million corporate employees and family members under the age of 65 years. Appropriateness of antibiotic prescription was assessed by a panel of six infectious disease physicians according to ICD-10 code in JMDC Claims Database. Total additional cost of antibiotic prescription for URI at the national level was estimated by weighting of age-structured population data. Results The annual additional cost of inappropriate antibiotic prescription for URI was estimated at 423·6 (95% CI: 416·8–430·5) million USD in 2013, 340·9 (95% CI: 335·7–346·2) million USD in 2014, 349·9 (95% CI: 344·5–355·3) million USD in 2015, and 297·1 (95% CI: 292·4–301·9) million USD in 2016. Three classes of broad-spectrum oral antibiotics (third-generation cephalosporins, macrolides, and fluoroquinolones) accounted for > 90% of the total additional cost. Conclusions Although a decreasing trend was observed, annual additional costs of inappropriate antibiotic prescriptions for URI could be a substantial economic burden in Japan. Appropriately prescribing broad-spectrum oral antibiotics might be an important issue to reduce unnecessary medical costs in Japanese ambulatory care.

In February 2021, rolling blackouts in Texas during Winter Storm Uri demonstrated the vulnerability of the State’s electric grid managed by the Electric Reliability Council of Texas (ERCOT). This article examines the technical causes of the ERCOT blackouts, financial and human consequences, and policy changes that could prevent recurrences. ERCOT planned for a winter load peak far below actual electricity demand. Further electricity shortfalls were caused by generation plants with varied energy sources becoming unavailable—natural-gas fired, coal-fired, nuclear, wind, and solar. Prior blackouts during a 2011 period of cold weather had shown the need for better resource planning and plant weatherization, but advance preparation was inadequate. The system of compensating generators in ERCOT was market-based with a $9,000 per megawatt hour cap on wholesale electricity rates—a so-called “Energy-Only market.” This regulatory system did not provide adequate incentives for generation plants to be operational during extreme weather, nor did it ensure that natural gas suppliers could deliver fuel to generators. Texas is well-situated for a return to the cost-of-service regulatory model; the State Legislature should consider this policy option.

Background: The efficacy and safety of Andrographis paniculata (Burn.f.) Wall. ex Nees in the treatment of acute nonspecific upper respiratory tract infection (NS-URI) are still less clear due to the diversity of herbal preparations, dosages, and few large clinical trials. The authors aimed to investigate the therapeutic efficacy and safety of the crude extract from A. paniculata in acute NS-URI. Materials and Methods: Patients aged 18 to 60 years old from government hospitals, with acute NS-URI were enrolled between January 2018 and August 2019. Drug allocation was randomized in block of six. The crude extract of A. paniculata was packed in capsules containing 20 mg of andrographolide and given thrice daily for four days. The placebo capsules were physically identical. Ten tablets of paracetamol were also given as symptom-rescue drug. They were followed at days 4 to 7, and 14 to 30. Results: Eight hundred sixty-two patients were enrolled between January 2018 and August 2019. Thirty-three patients withdrew from the study, therefore, 829 patients remained in the final analysis. Four hundred nineteen cases (50.5%) received the crude extract, and 410 cases (49.5%) received the placebo. The demographic data, clinical manifestation, and laboratory findings at the enrollment were similar in both groups. At the first follow-up, the rates of severity of each and combined symptoms decreased similarly, and almost all patients felt much better or recovered on day 7. Paracetamol was used by 205 (48.9%) and 185 (45.1%) patients in the experimental and control groups, respectively, and about three tablets taken in each group. Patient satisfaction rates were also similar in both groups. Adverse effects were mild and self-limited in 18 (4.3%) and 9 (2.2%) patients in the experimental and control groups, respectively. Conclusion: The therapeutic efficacy of the crude extract or active ingredient from A. paniculata for acute NS-URI was not confirmed. Both groups showed similarly mild and few adverse drug reactions. Trial registration: The present study protocol was registered at the Thai Clinical Trials Registry (TCTR 20170329002; date: March 26, 2017). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper has focused on transformation of bibliographic data to linked open data (LOD) as RDF(Resource Description Framework) triple model with integration of external resources. Library & Information centres and knowledge centres deal with various types of databases like bibliographic databases, full text databases, archival databases, statistical databases, CD/DVD ROM databases and more. Presently, web technology changes storing, processing, and disseminating services rapidly. The semantic web technology is an advance technology of web platform which provides structured data on web for describing and retrieving by the organization or institutions. It may provide more information from other external resources to the users. The main objective of this paper is transformation of library bibliographic data, based on MARC21, to RDF triple format as LOD with enrichment of external LOD dataset. External resources like OpenLibrary, VIAF, Wikidata, DBpedia, GeoNames etc. We have proposed a Workflow model (Figure-1) to visualize details steps, activities, components for transforming bibliographic data to LOD dataset. The methodology of this work includes the various methods and steps for conducting such research work. Here we have used an open source tool OpenRefine (version 3.2), formally it is known as GoogleRefine. The OpenRefine tool is used for managing and organizing the messy data with different attribute like rowcolumn manipulation, reconciliation manipulation, different format manipulation like XML, JSON, N-Triple, RDF etc. The OpenRefine tool has played the various roles for the research work such as insertion of URI column, link generation, reconciliation data for external sources, conversion of source format to RDF format etc. After conversion of whole bibliographic data into RDF triple format as considerable LOD dataset. At the production page we may find a RDF file of bibliographic data. This LOD dataset may further be used by the organizations or institutions for their advanced bibliographic service. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Wikidata, , URI, RDF, Wikidata / identifier / URI / RDF. [Extracted from the article]

Abstract Background The impact of proper aspiration of nasal secretions during upper respiratory infection on the frequency and severity of symptoms of lower airways has never been investigated. The study was aimed at testing if cleaning the nasal cavities of children with recurrent wheezing using an automatic nasal aspirator improves the upper and lower respiratory symptoms during the cold season. Methods Parents of wheezing children (age 3-72 mo.) answered questionnaires and learned using a nebulizer equipped (cases) or not equipped (controls) with an automatic nasal aspirator (DuoBaby, OMRON, Japan). During a 90-days monitoring period parents filled an electronic diary (BreathMonitor, TPS, Rome, Italy) on their child’s symptoms of the upper and lower airways. Results Eighty-nine/91 patients (43 cases, 46 controls) completed the study. Less days with upper (25.0% vs 46.4%, p = 0.004) or lower (21.8% vs 32.8%, p = 0.022) airways symptoms and less days with salbutamol inhalation (12.2% vs 16.9%, p

Applications of LST data to advanced research on UHI phenomena and its intensity are still relatively low in Thailand. The main objectives of this study are (1) to extract and predict LST data associated with urban and non-urban areas from Landsat imageries and (2) to quantify the intensity of UHI phenomena and its changes over BMV between 2006 and 2026. The research methodology was conducted systematically to extract and predict the LST associated with the urban and non-urban areas in order to assess the intensity of UHI phenomena. The results show that WAI as UHI intensity is extremely critical between 2006 and 2022 and becomes critically severe during 2024 and 2026. The result also show that URI as a degree of UHI development has increased from 2010 to 2016, however, it will suddenly decrease in 2018 and continuously increase between 2020 and 2026. In addition, TGCI analysis indicates that a decreasing temperature trend is dominant in the existing urban areas while an increasing temperature trend shows remarkably in urban expansion areas. These findings confirm the impacts of urbanization and urban development state on UHI intensity. In conclusion, the approaches and results of this study can be applied to master the urban planning properly, especially the mitigation of UHI phenomena in the future.

Background: Previous literature has reported on the incidence of short-term complications following resection of cervical lymphatic malformations (LMs) in children, however no research has yet investigated the long-term symptomatic course in these patients. This study aims to provide families and providers with an understanding of expectations for long-term symptom control, specifically in association with subsequent upper respiratory infections (URIs). Methods: A retrospective chart review produced a case series of patients who underwent resection of cervical LM at a pediatric tertiary care center between 2007 and 2016. Demographic data, disease characteristics, operative details, and postoperative care were evaluated. Telephone surveys were conducted to ascertain the course of postoperative symptoms at the surgical site. Results: Forty-three patients responded to the telephone survey. Thirty-seven (86.0%) had at least one postoperative surgical site symptom during subsequent URIs, with 28 (65.1%) reporting redness, 34 (79.1%) reporting swelling, and 18 (41.9%) reporting pain. Patients who experienced any of these symptoms universally indicated that they developed soon after the surgical resection, and over half reported that they improved over time. Postoperative seroma was associated with swelling during subsequent URIs (p = 0.04). Patients age 7 or were greater were more likely than those under 7 to report pain with URIs (p = 0.006). All 8 patients with drain placement for at least 2 days reported swelling during subsequent URIs. The incidence of the queried symptoms did not vary significantly based on sex, stage, histology, surgical subsite, or presence of residual disease. Conclusion: While preoperative symptoms associated with cervical LMs are also frequently encountered postoperatively, particularly in some patient subgroups, improvement over time should be expected. Level of evidence: 4 [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Antibiotics are often prescribed inappropriately to patients with upper respiratory infection (URI) in ambulatory care settings; however, the economic burden of such prescription has not been quantitatively assessed. Here, we aimed to evaluate the additional cost of antimicrobial prescription for URI at the population level in Japan.Methods: We conducted a retrospective observational survey using longitudinal claims data between 2013 and 2016 obtained from JMDC Claims Database, which contains data from 5·1 million corporate employees and family members under the age of 65 years. Appropriateness of antibiotic prescription was assessed by a panel of six infectious disease physicians according to ICD-10 code in JMDC Claims Database. Total additional cost of antibiotic prescription for URI at the national level was estimated by weighting of age-structured population data.Results: The annual additional cost of inappropriate antibiotic prescription for URI was estimated at 423·6 (95% CI: 416·8-430·5) million USD in 2013, 340·9 (95% CI: 335·7-346·2) million USD in 2014, 349·9 (95% CI: 344·5-355·3) million USD in 2015, and 297·1 (95% CI: 292·4-301·9) million USD in 2016. Three classes of broad-spectrum oral antibiotics (third-generation cephalosporins, macrolides, and fluoroquinolones) accounted for > 90% of the total additional cost.Conclusions: Although a decreasing trend was observed, annual additional costs of inappropriate antibiotic prescriptions for URI could be a substantial economic burden in Japan. Appropriately prescribing broad-spectrum oral antibiotics might be an important issue to reduce unnecessary medical costs in Japanese ambulatory care. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: To improve diagnosis as part of laboratory surveillance in Taiwan, influenza-like illness (ILI) surveillance was conducted using a new multiplex PCR assay (FilmArray) and the results compared to those of conventional methods The study was performed during the winter months. Methods: Throat swabs from patients with an ILI presenting to physicians in sentinel practices were collected during the 2016–2017 influenza season. Results: A total of 52 samples tested positive by FilmArray Respiratory Panel. Forty percent were influenza A virus, and subtype H3N2 virus was the major epidemic strain. However, nearly 60% of ILI cases seen at sentinel sites were caused by non-influenza pathogens. The results of the FilmArray assay and cell culture were identical, and this assay was more sensitive than a rapid influenza diagnostic test. Genetic analyses revealed new influenza A H3N2 variants belonging to a novel subclade 3C.2a2. Conclusions: The FilmArray assay facilitates urgent testing and laboratory surveillance for common viral and bacterial respiratory pathogens. This study demonstrated the use of a highly sensitive assay using clinical samples that is feasible for application worldwide. This may lead to an increased rate of diagnosis of viral infections and to improved patient outcomes, and in particular to a reduction in the overuse of antibiotics and antivirals.

As Uniform Resource Identifi ers (URI) foram criadas para nomear ou identificar recursos na Web. Todo recurso possui uma URI que o referencia sem ambiguidade. Mas o que significa uma URI no contexto da Web Semântica? Sobre isso, um embate foi estabelecido entre Tim Berners-Lee – o criador da Web – e Patrick Hayes – lógico que formalizou a Web Semântica. Para Berners-Lee, uma URI representa uma “coisa” do mundo real na Web, denotando-a sem ambiguidade; já Hayes afirma que uma URI somente pode descrever uma “coisa” do mundo real, mas nunca denotá-la sem ambiguidade. Percebe-se aí um embate teórico no âmbito da filosofia da linguagem, e o objetivo do artigo é explorar possíveis ligações entre postulados de Ludwig Wittgenstein sobre a linguagem e a Web Semântica por meio de pesquisa bibliográfica e revisão de literatura. Além de trazer à luz o mencionado embate, como resultado da pesquisa sugere-se que postulados de Wittgenstein e motores de busca da Web aplicados a repositórios de ontologias podem, em conjunto, fundamentar avanços na Web Semântica que são dependentes de melhor entendimento sobre o significado das URIs.

In September 2016, militants who were allegedly backed by Pakistan attacked an Indian Army camp in Uri. The government in New Delhi was facing important regional elections. It faced intense public pressure to muster a military response. Such a response, however, ran the risk of triggering a nuclear exchange. Ten days after the Uri attack, India reported that it had carried out 'surgical strikes' on terrorist training camps in Pakistan-controlled territory. The paper examines this specific episode in India–Pakistan deterrence dynamics, focusing on the nomenclature 'surgical strikes'. The paper argues that the choice of the term itself is new and worthy of investigation. Using qualitative content analysis of the official announcement of the operation, it identifies specific rhetorical moves by the Indian government that framed the response as a surgical strike. The paper also considers other statements in the media by high-ranking political and military leaders regarding the strikes, and the reception of these statements by the Indian audience, by Pakistan, and by the international community. The concluding section sounds a note of caution about future iterations of so-called surgical strikes. While the term 'surgical strike' can be useful in some circumstances, it produces destabilising outcomes in others. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Program for Cooperative Cataloging (PCC) is an international cataloging community that seeks to create trusted, high quality metadata to meet user needs. Part of that mission includes developing best practices for emerging information systems as well as maintaining current standards. This paper sheds light on the works of the PCC task groups involved with developing best practices for linked data in the last couple of years, Task Group on URIs in MARC and BIBFRAME. The Task Group on URIs conducted a pilot test, compiled findings and comments that served the foundation of several MARC proposals at the 2016 and 2017 American Library Association Annual and Midwinter meetings. The goal of the proposed refinements and expansion of usage of these MARC subfields, e.g. $0, $4, is to prepare and extend the richness of library data to the wider information world with little programmatic intervention. The BIBFRAME Task Group’s charge is to develop community standards and practice for linked data, focusing on BIBFRAME. The group's initial efforts focus on mapping elements from the CONSER Standard Record (CSR) and BIBCO Standard Record (BSR) BIBFRAME version 2 ontology. Both Task Groups’ efforts are to benefit and assist information professionals and researchers conducting their work utilizing Web as a service (WaaS) beyond the traditional library data silos.

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Background: FebriDx is a 10-minute disposable point-of-care test designed to identify clinically significant systemic host immune responses and aid in the differentiation of bacterial and viral respiratory infection by simultaneously detecting C-reactive protein (CRP) and myxovirus resistance protein A (MxA) from a fingerstick blood sample. FebriDx diagnostic accuracy was evaluated in the emergency room and urgent care setting. Methods: A prospective, multicentre, observational cohort study of acute upper respiratory tract infections (URIs), with and without a confirmed fever at the time of enrolment, was performed to evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of FebriDx to identify clinically significant bacterial infection with host response and acute pathogenic viral infection. The reference method consisted of an algorithm with physician override that included bacterial cell culture, respiratory PCR panels for viral and atypical pathogens, procalcitonin, and white blood cell count. Results: Among 220 patients enrolled, 100% reported fever 100.5°F within the last 72 hours while 55% had a measured hyperthermia (T > 100.4) at the time of enrolment. FebriDx demonstrated a sensitivity of 95% (95% CI: 77-100%), specificity of 94% (88-98%), PPV of 76% (59-87%), and a NPV of 99% (93-100%). Conclusion: FebriDx may identify clinically significant bacterial URI’s and supports outpatient antibiotic decisions. Key messages: FebriDx is an outpatient POC test designed to identify a clinically significant systemic host immune response and aid in the differentiation of viral and bacterial infection through rapid measurement of MxA and CRP from a fingerstick blood sample. FebriDx test was determined to be an accurate test, with a 85% sensitivity, 93% specificity and 97% NPV to rule out bacterial infection for any patient presenting with symptoms and reported fever within the prior 3 days, and when confirming fever (hyperthermia) at the time of testing, the test was even more sensitive (95%) and specific (94%) with a 99% NPV. FebriDx may support antibiotic stewardship by rapidly identifying clinically significant bacterial URIs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Applications of LST data to advanced research on UHI phenomena and its intensity are still relatively low in Thailand. The main objectives of this study are (1) to extract and predict LST data associated with urban and non-urban areas from Landsat imageries and (2) to quantify the intensity of UHI phenomena and its changes over BMV between 2006 and 2026. The research methodology was conducted systematically to extract and predict the LST associated with the urban and non-urban areas in order to assess the intensity of UHI phenomena. The results show that WAI as UHI intensity is extremely critical between 2006 and 2022 and becomes critically severe during 2024 and 2026. The result also show that URI as a degree of UHI development has increased from 2010 to 2016, however, it will suddenly decrease in 2018 and continuously increase between 2020 and 2026. In addition, TGCI analysis indicates that a decreasing temperature trend is dominant in the existing urban areas while an increasing temperature trend shows remarkably in urban expansion areas. These findings confirm the impacts of urbanization and urban development state on UHI intensity. In conclusion, the approaches and results of this study can be applied to master the urban planning properly, especially the mitigation of UHI phenomena in the future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]