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In Brazil, urea is the most used nitrogen (N) fertilizer to improve forage production. However, their excessive use can cause environmental impacts through N losses, such as ammonia (NH3) volatilization. Therefore, the current study adjusted and estimated the NH3 volatilization from urea applied on tropical pastures in three rainfall conditions using mathematical models. Data were collected from Marandu grass (Brachiaria brizantha) fertilized with 50 kg N ha-1 during wet, intermediate, and dry conditions. Ammonia volatilization was measured in five semi-open chambers for 21 days. The linear, quadratic, exponential, Gompertz, Groot, and Richards models were tested for fitting and estimating the NH3 volatilization. The Gompertz, Groot, and Richards models generated predictions similar to the observed data, with a high determination coefficient, indicating a better fit of these equations to data, with precision and accuracy. However, the Groot model was selected due to the lowest root mean square error of prediction (0.29 % total N lost as NH3). The greatest N loss as NH3 volatilization occurred in the wet, followed by intermediate and dry conditions (20.2, 17.0, and 11.3 % total N lost as NH3, respectively). Therefore, nitrogen losses as NH3 volatilization after application of 50 kg N ha-1, as urea source, are altered according to the weather conditions, reaching 20% of N added in the wet rainfall period. The Groot model is recommended for fitting and estimating the NH3 volatilization from urea applied on Marandu grass pastures in the wet and dry rainfall conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nitrogen fertilization is a very complex factor due to the various transformations that occur with nitrogen (N) in the soil, which influence its use by the plant. Another factor that directly influences decision-making is the high cost of acquiring fertilizers and also the difficulty of application. Bearing in mind the importance of N management, the objective was to evaluate the agronomic performance of maize, cultivated in a no-tillage system, as a function of the application of foliar N in coverage. The treatments were divided into completely randomized blocks, four blocks with four treatments each, in the first and second harvest periods. Being a witness (no N in coverage); urea; 1/2 urea and 1/2 foliar N and only with foliar N in coverage. Topdressing N dosages were divided into two applications. The following variables were analyzed: plant height, stem diameter and productivity. Under the edaphoclimatic conditions in which this study was carried out, the application of foliar N should not be used as the only way to supply N to the crop, as it could be an efficient way to complement what is absorbed by the roots. One should be aware of the dosages used to avoid phytotoxic effects on the leaves. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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A produção e qualidade forrageira é influenciada pelo suprimento de nitrogênio, especialmente ureia, altamente sujeito a perdas por volatilização. Alternativamente, surge tecnologia que reduz a liberação de nitrogênio, restringindo as perdas pelo recobrimento do fertilizante com polímeros. Ainda, como possibilidade de reduzir a dependência externa de nitrogênio, decorre a combinação de microrganismos edáficos multifuncionais capazes de captar nitrogênio atmosférico e disponibilizá-lo às plantas forrageiras. Assim, objetivou-se avaliar inoculação de sementes e o uso de ureia revestida na produção de massa seca aérea e radicular e características morfológicas de capim Marandu (Urochloa brizantha cv. Marandu). Experimento em vasos foi organizado em delineamento inteiramente casualizado, com 4 repetições, em esquema fatorial 5 x 4 x 4. Foram empregadas 5 dosagens de adubação nitrogenada (50, 100, 150, 200 e 250 kg ha-1 de N), aplicado em dose única, utilizando o fertilizante sintético ureia. Os fatores constituíram 4 técnicas: adubação com ureia; adubação ureia revestida; sementes de capim Marandu tratadas com inoculante comercial e adubação com ureia; e, sementes de capim Marandu tratadas com inoculante comercial e adubação com ureia revestida. As observações (altura do dossel forrageiro; número de perfilhos por vaso; e, massa aérea de forragem) foram obtidas com frequência de 21 dias, totalizando quatro cortes avaliativos sequenciais. Massa seca de raiz foi obtida por medida única, no corte 4, organizado em esquema fatorial 5 x 4, com quatro repetições. Sob umidade adequada no solo, dosagem de 50 kg ha-1 de nitrogênio, utilizando ureia convencional, caracteriza provisão econômica e ambiental à altura do dossel de capim Marandu. Dosagem de nitrogênio até 200 kg ha-1 promove aumento no número de perfilhos e; dosagem igual e superior, asseguram manutenção do potencial de produção de massa de forragem por até 2 cortes. Ureia convencional viabilizou superior produção de massa de raízes de capim Marandu, nas dosagens de nitrogênio entre 150 e 250 kg ha-1.

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O parcelamento da adubação nitrogenada poderá aumentar o uso do nutriente pelas plantas, Avaliou o efeito do parcelamento da adubação nitrogenada no desenvolvimento e produtividade da rúcula. O estudo foi realizado no ano de 2017 em casa de vegetação no município de Nova Mutum-MT. Foi utilizado o delineamento inteiramente casualizado (DIC), sendo cinco tratamentos e quatro repetições. Os tratamentos foram constituídos pelos modos de aplicação de N-fertilizante, sendo: T1) testemunha (sem N, T2) 100% do N-aplicado no plantio; T3) 17,64% de N no plantio + uma cobertura com 82,36%; T4) 17,64% de N no plantio + duas coberturas de 41,17%; T5) 17,64% de N no plantio + três cobertura com 27,41%. Avaliaou: a altura de plantas, número de folhas totais, número de folhas comerciais, massa verde e seca das raízes, além da massa verde e seca da parte aérea das plantas de rúcula. O uso do parcelamento da adubação nitrogenada na cultura da rúcula afeta de forma positiva a produção de matéria fresca e seca. Com as características de cultivo mencionadas no referido trabalho, recomenda-se o parcelamento da adubação nitrogenada em três coberturas na cultura da rúcula para obtenção de uma maior produção.

A semeadura consorciada de espécies forrageiras com grandes culturas produtoras de grãos vem sendo de grande valia para uma melhor utilização da área ocupada, onde a mistura de sementes forrageiras com fertilizantes pode viabilizar o cultivo consorciado, por diminuir a competição com a cultura produtora de grãos permitindo uma melhor eficiência da área ocupada. No entanto, se realizada muito antes da semeadura, pode prejudicar a emergência e o estabelecimento das forrageiras. Realizou-se trabalho em condições de laboratório e campo, em Confresa (MT), com o objetivo de avaliar a qualidade fisiológica, a germinação e a emergência de sementes de Brachiaria brizantha cv. Marandu em função do período de contato com fertilizantes químicos. O delineamento experimental empregado foi o inteiramente casualizado, com quatro repetições. Os tratamentos constaram de um fatorial 5 x 3, constituído de diferentes períodos de contato das sementes de Brachiaria brizantha cultivar Marandu (0, 24, 48, 96, e 192 h) com os fertilizantes ureia, cloreto de potássio, e formulado NPK (04-14-08) nas formas de mistura de grânulos. Há efeitos prejudiciais na viabilidade e na qualidade fisiológica das sementes com o aumento do período de contato. Recomenda-se a semeadura imediata após o contato com fertilizante.

O diagnóstico da Insuficiência Renal Crônica (IRC) inclui a identificação de importantes quadros como azotemia, ou outras alterações que afetem o funcionamento da filtração renal, alterando, assim, a homeostase. Um cão Labrador, macho, 13 anos, 28 kg foi atendido em uma Clínica Veterinária de Natal, Rio Grande do Norte. Na anamnese foi relatado que o animal tinha dores articulares crônicas, atrofia dos membros torácicos e histórico de descompressão de vértebras lombares e artrodese do joelho direito, além de fazer uso recorrente de anti-inflamatórios (meloxicam) por parte dos tutores. Foram solicitados hemograma, bioquímicos séricos e ultrassonografia de abdômen e estes indicaram quadro grave de azotemia (Ureia: 293, 85 mg/dL e Creatinina: 5,78 mg/dL) e imagem compatível com bexiga neurogênica. Administrou-se fluido Ringer com Lactato, Tramadol, Dipirona, Hidróxido de Alumínio e Ranitidina. Após 7 dias de internação, o animal apresentava dor ao andar e urinar, dificuldade no esvaziamento da bexiga, não se alimentava nem bebia água. Devido à persistência da azotemia (Ureia: 148,39 mg/dL e Creatinina: 5,03 mg/dL) o animal foi eutanasiado. O uso de anti-inflamatórios ao longo dos anos levou à insuficiência renal crônica.

A alface tem o nitrogênio como nutriente limitante para seu crescimento e desenvolvimento, o manejo adequado desse elemento resulta no aumento da produtividade, maior massa e maior teor de macro nutrientes e clorofila nas folhas. Este trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar o efeito de diferentes doses de nitrogênio sobre a concentração de nutrientes nas folhas de quatro cultivares de alface. O experimento foi conduzido em casa de vegetação, as cultivares usadas foram: roxa, lisa, crespa e mimosa. O delineamento foi casualizado com cinco repetições, sendo cinco doses de nitrogênio: 0, 50, 100, 150 e 250 kg ha-1, aplicadas em forma de ureia. Antes da colheita foi avaliado o teor relativo de clorofila e depois da colheita a massa fresca, massa seca e teor de nutrientes. O nitrogênio teve interação com todos os parâmetros avaliados, sendo que a cultivar mimosa foi a mais responsiva e apresentou aumento no teor de nitrogênio com o aumento das doses aplicadas.

A avaliação do perfil bioquímico renal sérico é uma metodologia rotineiramente utilizada, muitas vezes em conjunto com outros exames, como a urinálise e a ultrassonografia, para avaliar o sistema urinário. Por meio dela, é possível realizar o diagnóstico de doenças renais, bem como fazer o acompanhamento da progressão dos tratamentos instituídos. Desta forma, o objetivo do presente trabalho é fazer uma revisão de literatura acerca da bioquímica urinária e de sua utilização no diagnóstico de distúrbios renais, através da avaliação de diferentes marcadores renais. Realizou-se um estudo descritivo analítico, desenvolvido através de pesquisa do tipo bibliográfica, utilizando-se da análise de livros, revistas, publicações especializadas e artigos, datados a partir de janeiro de 2010. Para tanto, foram utilizadas ferramentas digitais, como a PubVet, o Google Acadêmico, Periódicos Capes, Scielo e Science direct. Concluiu-se que os biomarcadores creatinina e ureia, ainda são os mais utilizados na rotina clínica veterinária. O SDMA é um novo biomarcador mais precoce que creatinina e ureia, que vem demonstrando bons resultados nos diagnósticos de doença renal aguda e doença renal crônica.

Low to moderate concentrations of condensed tannins in ruminant diets are considered to increase the postruminal flow of non-ammonia nitrogen. The objective of this research was study the microbial protein synthesis and nitrogen balance of lactating cows fed with a diet of two tannin sources, based on sorghum (condensed tannin) with increasing levels of tannic acid (hydrolysable tannin). So, increasing levels of tannic acid in a sorghum-based diet for five Holstein/Zebu crossbred lactating heifers were subject to a 5 × 5 Latin square experimental design, five heifers x five tannins acid levels x five periods. The excretion of total purine derivatives, through the collection of spot urine samples, and the N concentration values in the milk and urine were used. All heifers received 9.87 kg/DM of corn silage as roughage and 6.38 kg of concentrate (not fed ad libitum). Diet 1 (control) contained low-tannin sorghum (0.027 kg total tannin), and the other diets contained high-tannin sorghum. The levels of tannic acid added used were established based on the quantity of condensed tannin in high-tannin sorghum. Thus, diets 2, 3, 4, and 5 were supplemented with 1.5g (13% DM), 79.5g (2.6% DM), 157.5 g (3.9% DM), and 235.5 g (5.2% DM) of tannic acid totalling 0.078, 0.156, 0.234, and 0.321 total tannin kg/day respectively. The urinary excretions of urea (2.0055), total allantoin (185.12 mmol/day-1), and total purine derivatives (222.32 mmol/day-1); absorbed purines 179.3 mmol/day-1); the N microbian synthesis (130.358 (g)N/day-1); and the concentrations of allantoin in milk (36.40 mmol/day-1) were not affected by the diets. Diets using two tannins (hydrolysable and condensed) sources supplementation didn't affect the animals' health, neither improved the microbial synthesis efficiency nor the N balance for milk production. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

RESUMO Este estudo teve por objetivo avaliar o desenvolvimento ponderal e a dinâmica dos parâmetros hematológicos e bioquímicos de cordeiros Pantaneiros submetidos a diferentes manejos de amamentação dos 15 aos 43 dias. Foram separados 30 cordeiros em três diferentes grupos (n=10). Os grupos foram caracterizados conforme o tempo de permanência das ovelhas com suas crias em diferentes sistemas de amamentação: MAM24 - ovelhas e cordeiros 24 horas em conjunto; MAM12 - ovelhas e cordeiros 12 horas em conjunto durante a noite; MAM2x30 - ovelhas e cordeiros 30 minutos de manhã e 30 minutos à tarde em conjunto. As coletas de amostras sanguíneas e as pesagens ocorriam a cada sete dias. Houve aumento significativo no peso com o avanço da idade dos cordeiros nos três manejos, mas os tratamentos não diferiram entre si para o ganho de peso. Houve diferenças entre os três tratamentos para a variável hematológica CHGM e para as variáveis bioquímicas AST, glicose, ureia e proteína total. As variáveis bioquímicas foram influenciadas pela faixa etária dos animais. Os diferentes manejos de amamentação não influenciaram o desenvolvimento ponderal dos cordeiros. Não ocorreram alterações patológicas. Alguns parâmetros hematológicos e bioquímicos podem ser influenciados pelo desenvolvimento etário dos cordeiros.

Purpose: Kidney transplantation is the gold-standard treatment for end stage renal disease. Although different hemodynamic variables, like central venous pressure and mean arterial pressure, have been used to guide volume replacement during surgery, the best strategy still ought to be determined. Respiratory arterial Pulse Pressure Variation (PPV) is recognized to be a good predictor of fluid responsiveness for perioperative hemodynamic optimization in operating room settings. The aim of this study was to investigate whether a PPV guided fluid management strategy is better than a liberal fluid strategy during kidney transplantation surgeries. Identification of differences in urine output in the first postoperative hour was the main objective of this study. Methods: We conducted a prospective, single blind, randomized controlled trial. We enrolled 40 patients who underwent kidney transplantation from deceased donors. Patients randomized in the “PPV” group received fluids whenever PPV was higher than 12%, patients in the “free fluid” group received fluids following our institutional standard care protocol for kidney transplantations (10 mL.kg-1. h-1). Results: Urinary output was similar at every time-point between the two groups, urea was statistically different from the third postoperative day with a peak at the fourth postoperative day and creatinine showed a similar trend, being statistically different from the second postoperative day. Urea, creatinine and urine output were not different at the hospital discharge. Conclusion: PPV guided fluid therapy during kidney transplantation significantly improves urea and creatinine levels in the first week after kidney transplantation surgery. Resumo: Objetivo: Transplante renal é o tratamento padrão-ouro na doença renal em estágio terminal. Embora diferentes variáveis hemodinâmicas, tais como pressão venosa central e pressão arterial média, tem sido usadas para orientar a estratégia de reposição volêmica durante a cirurgia, a melhor estratégia ainda não foi determinada. A Variação da Pressão de Pulso (VPP) durante o ciclo respiratório é reconhecida como um bom preditor da resposta à infusão de volume para otimização hemodinâmica perioperatória no centro cirúrgico. O objetivo do estudo foi estudar se a estratégia de reposição de volume orientada por VPP é melhor do que a estratégia liberal de reposição de volume durante cirurgia de transplante renal.O principal objetivo do estudo foi identificar diferença no débito urinário na primeira hora do pós-operatório. Método: Realizamos estudo prospectivo, uni-cego, randomizado, controlado. Incluímos 40 pacientes submetidos a transplante renal de doador cadáver. Pacientes randomizados para o grupo “VPP” receberam volume quando a VPP estava acima de 12%, e os pacientes no grupo “reposição liberal” receberam volume de acordo com o nosso protocolo institucional padrão de assistência para transplante renal (10 mL.kg-1. h-1). Resultados: O débito urinário foi semelhante em todos os tempos nos dois grupos, a ureia foi estatisticamente diferente a partir do terceiro dia do pós-operatório com pico no quarto dia do pós-operatório e a creatinina apresentou tendência semelhante, tornando-se estatisticamente diferente a partir do segundo dia do pós-operatório. Ureia, creatinina e débito urinário não estavam diferentes na alta hospitalar. Conclusões: A terapia orientada por VPP durante transplante renal melhorou de forma significante os níveis de ureia e creatinina na primeira semana pós-transplante renal.

Background: Inclusion of urea and calcium oxide (CaO) during sugarcane ensilage has been hypothesized to improve dairy cow performance. Objective: To evaluate the use of urea and calcium oxide as additives to preserve sugarcane silage quality and determine whether they improve dairy cow performance and metabolic efficiency. Methods: Four diets were used: sugarcane silage without additive (SS), sugarcane silage with 10 g/kg urea (SU), sugarcane silage with 5 g/kg urea + 5 g/kg CaO (SUC), and sugarcane silage with 10 g/kg CaO (SC). Eight crossbred cows at approximately 100 days of lactation were distributed in two 4x4 Latin squares, and their diets were formulated to reach an average milk production of 15 kg/day. Results: Dry matter, non-fibrous carbohydrates, organic matter, total carbohydrates, and total digestible nutrient intake were the highest (p<0.05) for the cows fed SC. Urinary excretion of nitrogen was higher (p<0.05) for cows fed diets based on SUC than those fed diets with SC. Milk urea nitrogen content was the highest (p<0.05) in animals fed SU diets. Nitrogen balance was positive in all treatments; however, the microbial protein synthesis was low for all diets. Conclusions: The diet with SU showed the highest nitrogen loss through the milk. Among the evaluated silages, those with SC and SUC are recommended to promote a high intake of nutritional components. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introdução: Dietas com whey proteins elevam a taxa de filtração glomerular de forma aguda e/ou crônica, bem como no aumento da concentração de creatinina, ureia e ácido úrico sérico na urina. Objetivo: o objetivo do estudo foi realizar uma revisão sistemática sobre o efeito do consumo de whey proteins na função renal de ratos e camundongos em relação aos biomarcadores creatinina, ureia, proteinúria e alterações histológicas teciduais nos glomérulos e túbulos renais. Materiais e métodos: Revisão sistemática nas Bases de Dados Lilacs, Scielo.org, Dialnet, Pubmed, Web of Science, com termos de busca constantes nos descritores em saúde da BVS/OMS. Resultados: vinte oito artigos foram selecionados. Discussão: a partir dos estudos analisados, observa-se que ainda são escassos os que abordam diretamente a relação entre as variáveis whey proteins e função/dano renal; a maioria dos estudos abordaram biomarcadores de função renal e/ou análises histológicas do rim, e não apresentam alterações significativas na utilização da suplementação de whey proteins, tanto em caráter agudo, quanto crônico. Conclusão: Os estudos apontam que a utilização/suplementação com whey proteins não altera de forma significativa os biomarcadores creatinina, ureia, proteinúria e nas alterações histológicas teciduais dos glomérulos e túbulos renais.

Nitrogen (N) enhances photosynthesis, production and the translocation of photo-assimilates, coupled to an increase in plants´ growth rates. Current paper evaluates response soybean response to defoliation and N doses associated to the inoculation of B. japonicum. Randomized blocks at factorial design 4 x 4, with four replications, were employed. Treatment comprised four defoliation levels (0, 33, 66 and 99%) at stage R3 (legume – with 5mm) and four doses of nitrogen (0, 50, 100 and 150 kg ha–1 N). N source consisted of urea (45% N), with manual distribution two days after defoliation. When the grain was perceptible to touch - 10% graining (stage R5.1), plant high, chlorophyll rate, leaf area and dry matter were evaluated. At harvest, the insertion of the first legume, number of legumes, number of grains per legume, mass of one thousand grains, productivity and protein rates of grains were determined. Nitrogen fertilization did not mitigate the effect of defoliation in soybean, regardless of defoliation level and N dose applied. Defoliation levels as from 30% during the formation of legume (with 5mm) culminated in a decrease of foliar area, dry matter of the aerial section, plant height number of legumes per plant, number of grains per legume, mass of one thousand grains, productivity of grains and grains´ protein rate. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Nos últmos anos a expansão de pastagens cultivadas e melhoradas no estado de Santa Catarina foi expressiva, o que permitiu que o Estado se tornasse o quinto maior produtor de leite do Brasil. Além desse aumento em área, também o processo tecnológico de implantação e o manejo de pastagens foram aprimorados. Uma das prátcas que mais cresceram foi a introdução de leguminosas em consorciação com gramíneas. Consequentemente, aumentou na mesma proporção o uso de inoculantes, pois se recomenda a semeadura de leguminosas com esse insumo. Isso implica a não utlização de fertilizante nitrogenado mineral em aproximadamente 300 mil hectares de pastagens, o que gera uma economia de R$130.737.000,00 por ano na cadeia produtva da pecuária catarinense.

A população de animais geriatras vem crescendo consideravelmente nos últimos anos, consequentemente, o número de atendimentos na rotina clínica veterinária destes animais também veio a demonstrar um forte aumento. Como uma ferramenta útil no diagnóstico de enfermidades ou até mesmo para o monitoramento da saúde animal, as análises sanguíneas têm como objetivo identificar alterações que possam ser reflexo de algum processo patológico. Dentro das análises sanguíneas, o perfil bioquímico, se interpretado de forma correta, concedem referências quanto ao estado clínico de um animal, bem como seu equilíbrio nutricional, status imunológico, acompanhamento de tratamentos e prognósticos. Devido a importância dos parâmetros bioquímicos dentro do diagnóstico de enfermidades, principalmente na população geriatra, o objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a ocorrência das alterações de exames bioquímicos que indicam modificações nas funções renal e hepática de cães idosos e classificá-las em relação ao sexo e idade. Para isto, foram coletados laudos de exames bioquímicos realizados em dois laboratórios do município e efetuadas triagens quanto a idade dos animais, seguida das triagens referentes as alterações hepáticas e renais e outra para sexo. A alteração com maior frequência na população de cães geriatras e seniors revelou- se ser Fosfatase Alcalina com 50,8% (2.206/4.341) e 41,6% (979/2.352) respectivamente. O segundo analito com a maior frequência de alterações foi Ureia com 44,2% (1.923/4.341) em cães geriatras e 29,9% (705/2.352) em cães seniors. A relevância do sexo com relação a idade se mostrou significativa nos marcadores Fosfatase Alcalina e Ureia.

The purpose of this article is to highlight the importance of nitrogen fertilization ace pastures , with the focus on improving the quality of Brazilian pastures , with only fertilizer for restoration of forage, because the big problem of pastures is the degradation of areas , and that having a great loss of fodder , thus bringing the producer will open up new areas to make the grass planting in new areas , no need because there is a need to recover the existing degraded areas it may increase the number of heads per hectare , and thus reducing costs for the producer with only maintain the existing areas with the appropriate fertilization for each forage

The objective of this study was to evaluate the different timing, methods of application and nitrogen doses in the agronomic characteristics, production components, grain yield, as well as the nutrient utilization efficiency in the maize crop. The experimental design of randomized blocks, in a factorial scheme (2 x 2 x 4) and four replicates, was used for the experiment. The treatments were two application times, (maize sowing and in V7 stage coverage); two forms of application (superficial and incorporated to the soil at 8 cm depth); and four nitrogen doses (0, 60, 120, 180 kg ha-1). The agronomic characteristics of corn, plant height, spike insertion height, stalk diameter and leaf nitrogen did not differed according to the seasons or the application forms, only the nitrogen doses. The components of the production, length and number of rows per spike, number of grains per row, mass of 100 grains and grain yield presented better results with application of the nitrogen incorporated in the soil and doses of 120 to 180 kg ha-1 of nitrogen. The incorporation practice and the 60 kg ha-1 dose provided greater agronomic efficiency in the use of nitrogen. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Background: Methionine (Met) requirements have not been clearly established for fattening pigs due to their metabolic interrelationships and its bioavailability for protein synthesis. Objective: To determine the optimum level of regular crystalline or protected Met in pig diets from nursery to finishing. Methods: A total of 48 crossbred pigs (11.74±1.72 kg of initial body weight) were used. The treatments consisted of adding four levels (0.00, 0.05, 0.10, 0.15% in addition to dietary content) and two types of Met (regular and protected) to pig diets. Results: Nursery, Finishing I, and II pigs fed protected Met increased daily feed intake (DFI; p=0.10). Protected Met raised daily weight gain (DWG) in nursery pigs and increased backfat thickness (BT) in nursery and grower pigs (p=0.10). In Finishing I pigs, protected Met increased DWG and improved carcass characteristics (p=0.10). In nursery and grower pigs, an extra 0.15% Met decreased feed:gain ratio (FGR; p=0.10). In grower and Finishing II pigs fed extra 0.05% Met improved DWG and extra 0.10% Met reduced plasma urea concentration (p=0.10). Conclusions: Feeding protected Met in pig diets increases DWG, DFI and BT. Increasing 0.05-0.15% Met level improves FGR, DWG, potentially reducing nitrogen excretion to the environment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Supplementation with mineral nitrogen (N) with different sources may increase production and protein rates of soybeans. Two experiments were conducted in red Latisol in the Brazilian savannah during the 2018-2019 harvest to determine soybean response to N sources and doses, associated with the inoculation of Bradyrhizobium japonicum. Experimental design featured randomized blocks in the factorial scheme 2 × 2 × 5, with four replications. Treatments consisted of two sites (UFMS 1 and UFMS 2), two N sources (urea: 45% of N and ammonium sulfate: 21% of N) and five doses of nitrogen (0, 50, 100, 150 and 200 kg ha-1 of N) applied in full flowering (stage R2). In the formation of the legume (stage R3) height of plant, chlorophyll rate, leaf area and aerial dry matter were evaluated. Harvest comprised insertion of the first legume, number of legumes, number of grains per legume, mass of one thousand grain, productivity and protein rate of grains. Fertilization failed to increase the production components, productivity and the protein rates of grains, regardless of N sources and doses in the application. Consequently, strains of B. japonicum are efficient for the nutrition of soybean cultivated in medium and high fertility soil, without any need for N during full flowering. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista Caatinga is the property of Revista Caatinga and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista Brasileira de Engenharia Agricola e Ambiental - Agriambi is the property of Revista Brasileira de Engenharia Agricola e Ambiental and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista Brasileira de Agricultura Irrigada - RBAI is the property of Revista Brasileira de Agricultura Irrigada - RBAI and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Bioscience Journal is the property of Bioscience Journal and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Background: Dry matter (DM) loss is high in sugarcane silage due to its high content of soluble carbohydrates which favors yeast growth and ethanol production, thus reducing the nutritional value of the preserved forage. Objective: To determine the effect of adding two types of urea at two concentration levels to sugarcane silage on the nutritional value and fermentative characteristics of the silage. Methods: A completely randomized 2×2+1 factorial design was used, based on two types of urea (conventional and protected), two urea concentration (0.5 and 1.0% of the natural matter), and a control (sugarcane silage with no additives). Six replicates were used. The mixture was placed in PVC silos and opened after 60 days. Results: There was no difference in DM content or effluent losses by the addition of urea. In regards to neutral detergent fiber, acid detergent fiber, and lignin, decreased levels were observed compared to the control, regardless of urea type. Urea type and concentration had an effect on ammoniacal nitrogen content, with higher values for conventional urea, but not affecting the pH. The addition of urea to sugarcane silage reduced gas losses and raised the levels of crude protein, ether extract, and effective degradability. Conclusion: Adding protected or conventional urea at 1% of natural matter at the time of sugarcane ensiling reduces gas losses and improves nutritional composition of the silage. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Transplante renal é o tratamento padrão‐ouro na doença renal em estágio terminal. Embora diferentes variáveis hemodinâmicas, tais como pressão venosa central e pressão arterial média, têm sido usadas para orientar a estratégia de reposição volêmica durante a cirurgia, a melhor estratégia ainda não foi determinada. A Variação da Pressão de Pulso (VPP) durante o ciclo respiratório é reconhecida como um bom preditor da resposta à infusão de volume para otimização hemodinâmica perioperatória no centro cirúrgico. O objetivo do estudo foi estudar se a estratégia de reposição de volume orientada por VPP é melhor do que a estratégia liberal de reposição de volume durante cirurgia de transplante renal. O principal objetivo do estudo foi identificar diferença no débito urinário na primeira hora do pós‐operatório. Realizamos estudo prospectivo, unicego, randomizado, controlado. Incluímos 40 pacientes submetidos a transplante renal de doador cadáver. Pacientes randomizados para o Grupo VPP receberam volume quando a VPP estava acima de 12%, e os pacientes no Grupo Reposição Liberal receberam volume de acordo com o nosso protocolo institucional padrão de assistência para transplante renal (10 mL.kg‐1.h‐1). O débito urinário foi semelhante em todos os tempos nos dois grupos, a ureia foi estatisticamente diferente a partir do terceiro dia do pós‐operatório com pico no quarto dia do pós‐operatório e a creatinina apresentou tendência semelhante, tornando‐se estatisticamente diferente a partir do segundo dia do pós‐operatório. Ureia, creatinina e débito urinário não estavam diferentes na alta hospitalar. A terapia orientada por VPP durante transplante renal melhorou de forma significativa os níveis de ureia e creatinina na primeira semana pós‐transplante renal. Kidney transplantation is the gold‐standard treatment for end stage renal disease. Although different hemodynamic variables, like central venous pressure and mean arterial pressure, have been used to guide volume replacement during surgery, the best strategy still ought to be determined. Respiratory arterial Pulse Pressure Variation (PPV) is recognized to be a good predictor of fluid responsiveness for perioperative hemodynamic optimization in operating room settings. The aim of this study was to investigate whether a PPV‐guided fluid management strategy is better than a liberal fluid strategy during kidney transplantation surgeries. Identification of differences in urine output in the first postoperative hour was the main objective of this study. We conducted a prospective, single blind, randomized controlled trial. We enrolled 40 patients who underwent kidney transplantation from deceased donors. Patients randomized in the PPV Group received fluids whenever PPV was higher than 12%, patients in the Free Fluid Group received fluids following our institutional standard care protocol for kidney transplantations (10 mL.kg‐1.h‐1). Urinary output was similar at every time‐point between the two groups, urea was statistically different from the third postoperative day with a peak at the fourth postoperative day and creatinine showed a similar trend, being statistically different from the second postoperative day. Urea, creatinine and urine output were not different at the hospital discharge. PPV‐guided fluid therapy during kidney transplantation significantly improves urea and creatinine levels in the first week after kidney transplantation surgery. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista Brasileira de Agricultura Irrigada - RBAI is the property of Revista Brasileira de Agricultura Irrigada - RBAI and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista Brasileira de Agricultura Irrigada - RBAI is the property of Revista Brasileira de Agricultura Irrigada - RBAI and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

A rúcula é uma das hortaliças que vem ganhando grande importância econômica e, estudos com nitrogênio para aumento da rentabilidade é necessário. O objetivo deste trabalho foi verificar a influência de doses de nitrogênio aplicados via fertirrigação na cultura da rúcula em Latossolo Vermelho distroférrico. O trabalho foi realizado na Universidade Federal da Grande Dourados, em Dourados, MS, cujo solo é descrito como Latossolo Vermelho distroférrico. Utilizou-se o delineamento experimental em blocos casualizado com quatro blocos. Os tratamentos foram compostos por seis doses de nitrogênio aplicadas na água de irrigação (zero, 40, 80, 120, 160 e 200 kg de N ha-1). A semeadura foi realizada no dia 20 de novembro de 2013 e, a emergência ocorreu 3 dias após a semeadura. A colheita foi realizada aos 25 dias após a emergência, sendo que os parâmetros avaliados foram o comprimento da parte aérea, número de folhas, diâmetro do caule, massa seca da parte aérea e produtividade. Foi realizado a análise de variância e, quando os parâmetros foram significativos, procedeu-se a análise de regressão. Conclui-se que os parâmetros da rúcula, comprimento da parte aérea, diâmetro do caule, massa seca e produtividade são influenciados pelas doses de nitrogênio em cobertura aplicadas via fertirrigação. Em função das doses de nitrogênio a produtividade ajustou ao modelo de regressão linear crescente até a dose máxima de nitrogênio de 200 kg ha-1.

O voleibol é um esporte coletivo que intercala atividade aeróbica com anaeróbica, sendo assim a avaliação do estado nutricional e do consumo alimentar dos jogadores se faz necessária, visto que um atleta pode apresentar um gasto calórico até quatro vezes maior do que um indivíduo sedentário. O presente estudo teve como objetivo avaliar o estado nutricional, o consumo alimentar e análise de ureia e creatinina de jogadores de voleibol de uma cidade no interior do estado de São Paulo. Foram realizadas entrevistas individuais na Clínica de Nutrição da Universidade de Franca, com dez jogadores com idade de 19 a 28 anos, sendo coletadas informações sobre o consumo alimentar, através do recordatório de 24h, composição corporal, por meio do exame de Bioimpedância e Índice de Massa Corporal (IMC), e as concentrações de ureia e creatinina, através da urina e sangue. Observou-se que 90% dos atletas tinham o IMC dentro do padrão (18,5 kg/m² a 24,9 kg/m²) e apresentaram gordura corporal adequada sendo de 5% a 16%, com dieta hiperproteica, consumo de carboidrato abaixo do recomendado e avaliação bioquímica de creatinina e ureia apresentaram-se dentro da normalidade. Devido ao elevado gasto energético no voleibol, e pela necessidade da manutenção de massa muscular, os atletas necessitam de dietas hipercalóricas em torno de 3000 kcal. Diante disso, a intervenção e o acompanhamento nutricional são de extrema importância para a adequação dietética dos jogadores e melhora do desempenho. ABSTRACT Evaluation of nutritional status and food consumption of male volleyball players from an adult category in a city in São Paulo Volleyball is a team sport that merges aerobic activity with anaerobic, so the assessment of nutritional status and the players of the food intake is necessary, since an athlete can present a caloric expenditure up to four times larger than a sedentary individual. This study aimed to evaluate the nutritional status, food consumption and urea and creatinine analysis of volleyball players of a city in the state of São Paulo. Individual interviews were held in the Nutrition Clinic at the University of Franca, with ten players aged 19-28 years, and collected information on food consumption by 24-hour recall, body composition, through the examination of bio impedance and Index mass (BMI), and concentrations of urea and creatinine in the urine and blood. It was observed that 90% of athletes had BMI within the standard (18.5 kg/m² to 24.9 kg/m²) and had adequate body fat being from 5% to 16%, with high-protein diet, carbohydrate consumption below recommended and biochemical evaluation of creatinine and urea showed up normal. Due to the high-energy expenditure in volleyball, and the need for muscle mass maintenance, athletes need high fat diet around 3000 kcal. Therefore, intervention and nutritional counseling are very important for dietary adequacy of the players and improves performance.

The objective of this study was to evaluate the ideal time of application of reactive natural phosphate combined with nitrogen fertilizers for Marandu grass fertilization. The experiment was conducted in a greenhouse using a random block design with six treatments and six replicates. A 3x2 factorial scheme consisting of three times of application of reactive natural phosphate (before, together and after liming) and two nitrogen sources (ammonium sulfate and urea) was used. No interaction was observed between the time of reactive natural phosphate application and nitrogen fertilizer. However, in the first cut, reactive natural phosphate resulted in a larger number of leaves and tillers (47 leaves/pot and 13 tillers/pot) when applied after liming and increased leaf blade mass (4.26 g/pot) when applied together with liming. In the second and third cut, the time of application did not influence any of the variables studied, except for residual dry matter which was lower (20.17 g/pot) when reactive natural phosphate was applied before liming. Treatment with ammonium sulfate resulted in a lower pH in the three cuts performed. In the second and third cut, a higher leaf blade dry mass (12.5 and 14.8 g/pot, respectively) and a larger number of leaves (95 and 111 leaves/pot, respectively) and tillers (29 and 39 tillers/pot, respectively) were observed for the treatment with ammonium sulfate. The time of application of reactive natural phosphate exerted no significant effect on the agronomic efficiency of the three cuts. However, in the third cut, the application of reactive natural phosphate together with or after liming was superior to the soluble phosphate source. Reactive natural phosphate should be applied together with or after liming, regardless of the nitrogen fertilizer used. Ammonium sulfate optimizes the development of Marandu grass after regrowth of this forage.

Copyright of Revista Brasileira de Engenharia Agricola e Ambiental - Agriambi is the property of Revista Brasileira de Engenharia Agricola e Ambiental and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Engenharia na Agricultura is the property of Engenharia na Agricultura and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista Brasileira de Prescrição e Fisiologia do Exercício is the property of Instituto Brasileiro de Pesquisa e Ensino em Fisiologia do Exercicio and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista Brasileira de Agricultura Irrigada - RBAI is the property of Revista Brasileira de Agricultura Irrigada - RBAI and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This study aimed to evaluate and quantify the methodology of stable isotopes, 15N values for the organic fertilizer (chicken manure) and inorganic (urea). In addition to evaluating the incorporation rate, chemical half-life and analysis thereof, for possible traceability through the pasture fertilized with different sources of N. The technique of employment with use of tracer stable isotope 15N possible to estimate the changes in the N soil, even in the face of the various changes that take place concurrently. The methodology determines the path of both N isotopes (15N and 14N), providing information about the system and estimating N transformation rates The experimental work was conducted at the Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, UNESP Botucatu. An area of 576m2 was used for the parcels, which were divided between the 3 treatments with 4 repetitions each: T1 - control treatment without fertilization; T2 - fertilization with urea and T3 - organic fertilizer with poultry litter. The grass was cut every 15 days, three months after fertilization, for a total of four periods of grazing exclusion. Experimental samples were analyzed for the isotopic nitrogen and crude protein, neutral detergent fiber, acid detergent fiber, cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin composition. Degradation of poultry litter, the sand bag method was analyzed by linear regression. (delta-N-15) forage, fodder percentage of nitrogen, percentage of total nitrogen sheet, (delta-N-15) on the sheet, and (delta-N-15) at the helm were different between treatments. To this end collection, difference was observed for% Total Nitrogen, % Total N in sheet, % Total N in the trunk and% Total N at the helm. The crude protein analysis revealed significant differences between treatments, while the crude protein and lignin differ according to time after fertilization. The technique of N stable isotope effectively distinguish the composition of organic and inorganic fertilizers in deferred grazing pastures of Urochloa brizantha cv. Marandu. Forage quality was not influenced by the source of N.

This study has to evaluate the effect of different levels of nitrogen in pastures Urochloa brizantha cv. Marandu deferred, and its implications on feeding behavior and the nitrogen balance of Nelore heifers. The design was used completely randomized, with four treatments (nitrogen of levels) and four replications (number of fertilized paddocks). Were used 16 heifers Nellore, averaging eight months of age and initial body weight of 178.69 ± 26.67 kg, 4 heifers for treatments. The results were evaluated by analysis of variance and regression at 5% probability. The nitrogen levels did not influence the behavioral activities with average time of 576.25 minutes (10:00) grazing, 509.84 minutes (8h50min) in rumination, 315.16 minutes (5h25min) in idle and 39 minutes in the feeding trough. For nitrogen intake, digested nitrogen and the nitrogen retention (g/day) and the digested nitrogen (%N ingested), there was increasing linear effect (P 0.05) nitrogen in the feces and urine nitrogen (g/day), and not the nitrogen retention (% of N ingested) and nitrogen retention (% of digested N), whose mean values were 22.98 g/day; 39.48 g/day; 46.83% and 78.10%, respectively. For N urea in urine, there was increasing linear effect (P0.05) of nitrogen rates, averaging 15.79 ml/dL. The behavioral activities of the heifers are not affected by nitrogen levels in pastures Urochloa brizantha cv. Marandu deferred. The ingested nitrogen, retained nitrogen (g/day), digested nitrogen (g/day) (% of ingested N), the urea nitrogen in urine, excretion in urine urea and urea nitrogen in urine are influenced by the amount increasing crude protein forage derived nitrogen adduction, these results are important to prevent the economic losses due to excessive supply of protein in the diet.

ABSTRACT Ammonia volatilization (N-NH3) is one of the main pathways of Nitrogen loss reducing nitrogen use efficiency in coffee orchard. This work aimed at quantifying ammonia volatilization (N-NH3) losses from N-sources to be used in coffee plantations fertilization in Brazil. The experiment was conducted in the field on a dystrophic red latosol (Ferralsol in FAO's classification) at the Coffee Research Sector, University of Lavras, MG, Brazil. The experimental design was of complete randomized blocks with three repetitions of the following treatments: conventional urea, ammonium nitrate and urea + 0.15% Cu and 0.4% B, urea + anionic polymers, urea + elementary sulfur (S0) + polymers, and urea + plastic resin. These N sources were split into three doses of 150 kg ha-1 and band applied. The N-NH3 losses by volatilization and variations of pH (H2O) were measured, before and after N application. The N-sources contributed to reduce the soil pH, measured after the third nitrogen fertilization. The N-NH3 losses by volatilization (average from three applications) was as follows: urea + anionic polymers (35.8%) > conventional urea (31.2%) = urea + S0 + polymers (31.0%) > urea + 0.15% Cu + 0.4 % B (25.6%) > urea + plastic resin (8.6%) = ammonium nitrate (1.0%).

ABSTRACT The objective of the present study was to evaluate the effect of nitrogen doses applied via fertigation and associated with different types of crop establishment fertilization on growth and biomass of radish. The experiment was conducted in a greenhouse of the Academic Unit of Agricultural Engineering, Federal University of Campina Grande, from April to May 2014. Treatments consisted of five doses of nitrogen fertilizer applied by fertigation (0, 0.7, 1.4, 2.1 and 2.8g per pot) and three types of crop establishment fertilization (humus 2:2; NPK and control), arranged in a 5 x 3 factor design with four repetitions. The 15 treatments were arranged in 60 plots. The nitrogen source used in the study was urea, divided in three applications: the first application was carried out eight days after transplanting, the second, on day 15, and the third, on day 22. The crop establishment fertilization significantly influenced the growth variables and plant mass of the radish on day 35 after transplanting. The highest values of the variables (number of leaves, plant height, bulb diameter, leaf area, fresh mass of the aerial part, dry mass of the aerial part and root/aerial part were observed in the treatment with humus on day 35 after transplanting. The dose of 2.8g nitrogen per pot corresponding to 6.22g of urea per plant provided the highest yield for the variable number of leafs, leaf area and root length on day 35 after transplanting.

Neste trabalho foram incorporadas duas fontes de nitrogênio (ureia e caulinita intercalada com ureia) em matriz polimérica de álcool polivinílico e alginato de sódio na proporção de 3:1, utilizando a metodologia de gotejamento em solução de CaCl2. As partículas foram submetidas ao congelamento e posterior descongelamento com o intuito de melhorar a estrutura e resistência térmica da matriz polimérica. As partículas foram caracterizadas através de Análise Elementar, FTIR, DRX e Análise Térmica. As partículas que apresentaram as melhores formulações foram as de álcool polivinílico+alginato de sódio+ureia, pois apresentaram eficiência de incorporação próximas as das partículas de álcool polivinílico+alginato de sódio+caulinita intercalada, mas com maior estabilidade térmica, cerca de 200 °C.

ABSTRACT The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of interaction between nitrogen topdressing and different application ways (active ingredients) a.i. fluazifop-p-butyl + fomesafen in weed control and agronomic performance of common bean. The experiment was conducted during winter 2003 in Selvíria/MS. The experimental design used was a randomized block design with four replications in a factorial scheme 2x7. The first factor was composed by the absence or presence of nitrogen topdressing, while the second factor consisted of different application ways of fluazifop-p-butyl + fomesafen. The following variables were measured: leaf N content, dry matter of plants, yield components (number of pods plant-1, number of grains plant-1, the average number of grains pod-1 and mass of 100 grains), grain yield, phytotoxicity and weed control percentage. The nitrogen topdressing with 75 kg ha-1provided higher dry matter of plants, higher weed control and higher common bean yield of irrigated winter. In the absence of nitrogen topdressing in the application of urea before or together to fluazifop-p-butyl + fomesafen increased their effectiveness in controlling weeds without interference in the agronomic performance of common bean.

Abstract The rejuvenation pruning or plant prune is a practice used in fruits species such mango tree, whose plants can exceed ten meters heigh, compromising the implementation of practices such as spraying and harvesting. This study aimed to evaluate the resumption of production of adult ‘Ubá’ mango trees, previously pruned and subjected to fertilization with increasing levels of nitrogen over five seasons. The experiment was conducted in Visconde do Rio Branco, MG. Nineteen years old mango trees were pruned and reduced to the primary branches, about 1.5 m above the ground. Excess shoots were removed, remaining five to six branches per tree. In the year in which the plants were pruned, the nitrogen fertilization was initiated with different doses, divided into three equal fractions, between October of one year and February of the following year. Annually were applied per plant, 160 g of P2O5 in the form of simple superphosphate, 350 g of K2O in the form of potassium chloride, according to the results of the soil analysis, and 0, 175, 350, 525 and 700 g of N in the form of urea. Two years after pruning the plants returned to production, and in the first five crops, we quantified the production in kg per plant and the number of fruits per plant. The production of the mango trees was already stable in the fifth crop or seven years after pruning. The dose of nitrogen resulting in the maximum yield was 238.9 g/plant.