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The urban population of India has increased fivefold during the last five decades. Monitoring and estimation of urban sprawl are crucial for urban planning, land and water resource management, facility allocation, etc. The present study is aimed at making an in-depth analysis of urban dynamics in the Bengaluru Urban District by using three different indices: the built-up density index (BUDI), the annual urban spatial expansion index (AUSEI), and the annual built-up change index (ABCI), along with temporal satellite data and GIS. The study reveals that an exponential outward urban expansion has taken place in the study area from 1993 to 2020, mainly due to the development of the co-working industry, migration of people from cities to outer areas, high population growth, rapid and significant growth in the IT field, economic growth, and developments of road networks. The analysis shows that about 21.08% of growth was taken in terms of the urban area during the period from 1993 to 2020, and such changes led to the irreversible conversion of rural land into urban land. The analysis of BUDI shows that the density of the study area increases periodically and densifies toward its outer parts. The AUSEI shows that the minimum changes in respect of annual urban expansion were observed during 2003–2013 and the maximum were noted during 2013–2020. The ABUCI illustrates that the speed of urban growth is increasing from period to period and drastically increasing outward. It was also observed that by the latest period (2013 to 2020), the ABUCI value reached its maximum (> 120), especially from the distance of 10th to 24th in the study area. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Environmental & Social Management Journal / Revista de Gestão Social e Ambiental is the property of Environmental & Social Management Journal and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Estudios Demográficos y Urbanos is the property of El Colegio de Mexico AC and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This document is a final report of an inquiry into projecting Australia's urban and regional futures, specifically focusing on population dynamics, regional mobility, and planning responses. It examines the drivers and effective management of population growth and change in regional Australia, identifying various push and pull factors influencing population change and providing policy implications for managing population growth and change in non-metropolitan areas. The report highlights the importance of factors such as proximity to major cities, access to transport links, availability of housing, and lifestyle opportunities in attracting and retaining residents. Challenges identified include insufficient infrastructure, housing affordability, and the need to attract key workers. The report suggests policy solutions such as supporting local business development, improving internet connectivity and transport infrastructure, and providing affordable housing and key worker incentives. Cooperation between different levels of government and industry is also crucial in managing population change effectively. The document also discusses the social impacts of population growth and decline, particularly in relation to skills shortages and the pressure on health services. It analyzes the factors influencing population change, identifies push-pull factors for migration to regional areas, and investigates how local governments can manage population growth. The report presents the methodology used, including statistical modeling and surveys, and provides an analysis of the variables that impact population change. The text also discusses the use of regression analysis to understand the factors influencing population growth and decline in regional urban areas in Australia, highlighting the importance of factors such as proximity to the coast and major cities, climate, industry specialization, and the presence of a highly educated workforce [Extracted from the article]

The article discusses Kavad's contribution to establishing Khuzestan as Iran's medical hub in the early 6th century CE. During the Sassanid Empire, Jundishapur University in Iran trained physicians and attracted scholars from various nationalities and religions. Kavad's initiative involved transferring physicians from Jundishapur to Susa and Shushtar, potentially laying the foundation for Khuzestan's emergence as a medical education hub. Further research is needed to confirm this theory, highlighting the importance of Kavad's role in advancing medical knowledge in ancient Iran. [Extracted from the article]

Background: Although evidence from birth cohort analysis has indicated the metabolic risk of early-life exposure to the Great Leap Forward Famine (GLFF) in China, three confounding effects, including the exposure windows, aging, and geographical variations in famine severity, have been brought to debates for a decade. This study aimed to address these confounding effects and extensively examine how GLFF exposure is associated with diabetes risk in mid-to-late life and its interaction with urban-rural migration. Methods: Data from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS) were analyzed with age-stratification and stepped wedge approaches. Weighted prevalence and multivariable logistic regression were used to investigate the effects of GLFF exposure and urban-rural migration on mid-to-late life diabetes risk and the interaction between GLFF exposure and urban-rural migration. Birth provinces were controlled as a fixed effect to account for variations in famine severity across provinces. Results: Compared to those who were never exposed to GLFF, fetal GLFF exposure was associated with a higher risk of adult-onset diabetes after controlling for provinces, demographics, and health statuses. Yet, after adding the proxy of childhood growth environments into the model, fetal exposure to GLFF was not significantly associated with adult-onset diabetes risk (OR = 1.22, p = 0.10), compared to those who were never exposed to GLFF. Across the three age-stratification groups, static urban residents, in general, had a higher risk of diabetes compared to static rural residents. Interaction effects between GLFF exposure and urban-rural migration were insignificant across all three age-stratification groups. Conclusion: Fetal exposure to GLFF might have a traceable effect on adult-onset diabetes risk. Yet, the growth environment and urban lifestyle outweigh and further confound the impact of GLFF exposure on adult-onset diabetes risk. Significance: What is already known on this topic: Although evidence from the birth-cohort approach indicates that fetal exposure to the Great Leap Forward Famine (GLFF) was associated with an increased risk of diabetes in mid-to-late life, three major critics have been brought forward in the debate, including exposure window, aging, and geographic confounding effects. What this study adds: This study addressed the confounding effects in debate and delineated the convolution of GLFF exposure and urban-rural migration in the current prevalence of diabetes in China. Findings underscore the profound effect of urban-rural migration on diabetes risk in mid-to-late life. How this study might affect research, practice or policy: This study highlights the notion that diabetes has multifaceted origins, shaped by immediate and intermediate environments (urban/rural/migration statuses and childhood growth environment) and broader cultural and historical contexts (GLFF exposure). Current findings inform practice and policy development in three areas: (1) urban food quality is more important than food quantity, across the maternal and childhood development, when gauging midlife diabetes risk, (2) continuous update in modern food standards is warranted, and (3) smart food choices, health education, and preventive care services are needed to complement current food policies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista de Economia e Sociologia Rural is the property of Sociedade Brasileira de Economia e Sociologia Rural and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This paper suggests that the Indigenous Tuvaluan concept of fale pili, looking after one's neighbour as if they were family, must be centralised in understandings of mobility justice for Tuvaluan people. While the risks of sea level rise to Tuvalu's low-lying national territory are well-recognised, the culturally specific ways in which Tuvaluans perceive and experience mobility are not. From a fale pili perspective, mobility is a way of enacting family, fenua (indigenous island within Tuvalu) and responsibilities to the Tuvaluan (political) community. Conceived in this way, Tuvaluan mobility does not primarily see migrant-as-individual; rather the migrant is always a representative of, and contributor towards, collective wellbeing of family, fenua and nation. Our paper is structured as follows. First, we discuss the importance of approaching both mobility and mobility justice as culturally specific concepts that are scripted and experienced by different peoples in different ways. To do so, we read contemporary theorisations of mobility (in)justice, and encourage attention to understanding the cosmological dimensions of contemporary (global) life that a critical civilisational perspective affords. Drawing on two case-studies of fale pili, one involving urban-rural migration in Tuvalu during the COVID-19 pandemic, and one involving Tuvaluan guest workers in Australia, we suggest that fale pili offers an approach to understanding mobility justice as culturally and geographically situated. By way of conclusion, we also consider the ways that fale pili can contribute to wider debates on mobility (in)justice in turbulent times. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Using data for over four decades, we examine the ageing of Swedish municipalities and if there has been convergence or divergence across time and space, where we differentiate across the urban–rural hierarchy. As migration is claimed to be a moderating factor in the ageing of places, we assess how the share of immigrants relates to ageing patterns. Our findings show that the share of older individuals increases in more peripheral localities and that there has been convergence across municipalities. However, the share of foreign population is negatively related to the ageing profile of a place. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Media stories highlighted accounts of migration away from city centers towards more rural destinations during the COVID‐19 pandemic, but systematic research about how the pandemic changed migration in more rural destinations is only starting to emerge. This paper relies on U.S. Postal Service change‐of‐address data to describe whether and how established domestic migration systems changed during the COVID‐19 pandemic, focusing on differences across the rural–urban gradient and by outdoor recreation resources. We find little evidence of massive urban exodus. We do find that out‐migration from rural counties declined post‐pandemic onset and has stayed low in the 3 years since, stemming the tide of net population loss in many rural places. Most rural counties that experienced net population loss prior to the pandemic saw either less net loss or net gains during the pandemic. Rural recreation counties experienced greater gains through both decreased out‐migration and increased in‐migration in the first year of the pandemic; but by year three, differences between rural recreation and non‐recreation counties had balanced. Overall, counties across Rural America saw notable change to pre‐pandemic migration patterns. This shift may benefit rural areas through long‐term population stability and/or growth but might also exacerbate housing and childcare shortages. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and aims: The advance of the urban frontier has caused the loss of natural ecosystems. In the mountain sector of Traslasierra (Córdoba, central Argentina), the population has increased in recent years. In this work, we analyzed the advance of urbanization in Villa de Las Rosas (VLR) and San Javier-Yacanto (SJY) towns concerning their impact on native vegetation, environmental fragility and conservation category according to Law 26,331 (“Forests Law”). M&M: Through satellite images we georeferenced all buildings before and after the promulgation of the Forests Law for VLR and SJY. Then, we analyzed the type of vegetation, the proximity to water courses/bodies, the terrain slope and the forest conservation category in which were located the buildings that appeared until 15 years after the promulgation of the Forests Law. Results: In both towns the number of buildings doubled during the study period. More than 80% of buildings advanced at the expense of native forests; less than 15% were located on the banks of water courses/bodies, while more than a half of them were located on sloping or very sloping terrain. The proportion of buildings located in areas of high conservation value increased after the promulgation of Forests Law. Conclusions: Urbanization advance at the expense of native forests could be due to the scarce regulation about land use at the municipal level, to tourism promotion policies, and to urban-rural migration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In rural communities on the north bank of River Gambia, religious 'visitations' or pilgrimage ceremonies (siyaare) are becoming increasingly popular. These ceremonies have been described as a hallmark of Senegalese urban Sufism but are currently organised across the countryside and communicated in wide personal networks and through social media to attract guests and strangers from near and far. The sensibilities articulated in preparations for siyaare ceremonies promote inclusiveness, hospitality and the bridging of difference. Organisers appeal to the 'oneness' of humankind, to be achieved in siyaree by transcending differences between people and between humans and the spiritual realm, through communal prayers that enhance the circulation of God-given blessing. This article takes debates among Wolof speakers in rural Gambia over such Muslim religious ceremonies as the starting point to explore how attention to 'network' can illuminate various appeals to 'shared humanity'. Appeals to human unity feature divergent, or in part competing values and virtues, and bring particular social forms and worlds into being. These, I will show, are articulated as modes of consumption, but also moral living, including forms of modesty and preferences for rural lifestyles and futures, and convey generational differences. The article questions what 'politics' of shared humanity encompasses, and argues for a gaze beyond dyadic relationships and interpersonal networks, and a perspective on what goes into, as well as who takes part in, world-making. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aimed to explore why urban exodus occurred in Tokyo during the COVID-19 pandemic. Using panel-level data from 203 municipalities, we estimated the impact of epidemic, medical, economic, and industrial factors on the movement of people across cities in the Tokyo metropolitan area during the pandemic. We found that fear of infection was one of the main factors driving the urban exodus in Tokyo and that people chose to live in reasonably priced habitable areas during the pandemic. We also found that the population increased when the municipality had an essential sector in which remote work was difficult but decreased when it had an industry in which remote work was relatively feasible. However, medical factors had contrasting effects on out-migration and in-migration in each municipality. Increases in hospitals and medical doctors may not have increased the attractiveness of the city because of the malfunctioning of the healthcare system during the pandemic. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Socioloski Pregled is the property of Srpsko Sociolosko Drustvo and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Modern Economic Science is the property of Modern Economic Science Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Context: Counter-urbanization, or the reverse migration from the city to the countryside, is a well-known demographic trend associated with rural restructuring since the 1980s. Counter-urbanization is particularly relevant in social-ecological systems with a long history of human land use, such as the Mediterranean ones. However, the extent and impacts of this phenomenon are largely unknown, particularly in this region. Objectives: We aim to review the state of the issue of counter-urbanization in the Mediterranean region. We focus on the particular determinants and outcomes of this phenomenon in Mediterranean landscapes. Methods: We conducted a bibliographic review using the Web of Science. We summarized and classified the main findings in different categories according to the socio-economic drivers of this process and its impacts on the landscape along the land sharing-sparing gradient. Results: We found 31 studies that met the criteria to be reviewed and classified them as follows: a first group of studies focused on counter-urbanization as an urban sprawl driver; a second group linked counter-urbanization to rural gentrification. These two groups point to a twofold trend of land intensification or abandonment resulting in land-sparing landscapes. A third group of studies explored the urban–rural migration motivated by economic crisis and rural areas' role as refugees that support land-sharing landscapes. A fourth group focused on multi-functional, land-sharing landscapes enhanced by rural newcomers. Conclusions: Although counter-urbanization can follow the usual path of urbanization and gentrification, it may also constitute an alternative way to reverse the current trends of rural abandonment and land-use intensification in Mediterranean landscapes. Public policies play a major role to drive this movement toward the maintenance or recovery of multifunctional landscapes, and to minimize their undesirable impacts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The social integration of internal migrants has been one of the most critical and dynamic research areas in migration studies. Tracking emerging trends and key turning points in the development of research on the social integration of China's rural–urban migrants is crucial to understanding the diversity of knowledge in internal migration studies. This study uses bibliometric visualization techniques to provide mapping and presentation of bibliometric data related to the social integration of internal migration in China. Findings indicate that research on the social integration of migrants has shown rapid growth in recent years and is characterised by multidisciplinary and interdisciplinary research. Scholars generally acknowledged that social integration is a dynamic and multidimensional process and the development of social integration started with the circle migration stage and then to the urban settlement stage and finally deduced to the urban integration stage. The mechanisms of social integration research are mainly conducted in the institutional path and the migrant individual path and the consequence of social integration focuses on the impact on their settlement intention, mental health, and well-being. Future research trends will place a greater emphasis on the stable urbanisation of individual and family migration in a two-way urban–rural integration. These findings enable a general grasp and a deeper understanding of research in the field. Our results may help researchers to further identify potential views on research gaps, research frontiers and hot topics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The outbreak of the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) has profoundly influenced daily life, necessitating the understanding of the relationship between the epidemic's progression and population dynamics. In this study, we present a data-driven framework that integrates GIS-based data mining technology and a Susceptible, Exposed, Infected and Recovered (SEIR) model. This approach helps delineate population dynamics at the grid and community scales and analyze the impacts of government policies, urban functional areas, and intercity flows on population dynamics during the pandemic. Xiamen Island was selected as a case study to validate the effectiveness of the data-driven framework. The results of the high/low cluster analysis provide 99% certainty (P < 0.01) that the population distribution between January 23 and March 16, 2020, was not random, a phenomenon referred to as high-value clustering. The SEIR model predicts that a ten-day delay in implementing a lockdown policy during an epidemic can lead to a significant increase in the number of individuals infected by the virus. Throughout the epidemic prevention and control period (January 23 to February 21, 2020), residential and transportation areas housed more residents. After the resumption of regular activities, the population was mainly concentrated in residential, industrial, and transportation, as well as road facility areas. Notably, the migration patterns into and out of Xiamen were primarily centered on neighboring cities both before and after the outbreak. However, migration indices from cities outside the affected province drastically decreased and approached zero following the COVID-19 outbreak. Our findings offer new insights into the interplay between the epidemic's development and population dynamics, which enhances the prevention and control of the coronavirus epidemic. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The COVID‐19 pandemic has potentially altered the system of population movement around the world. As COVID‐19 hit cities the hardest in the wake of the pandemic, apocalyptic headlines anticipated the 'death of cities'. Yet, little was known about the impact of the COVID‐19 pandemic on cities and the ways it has shaped the patterns of internal population movement in and out of cities. This virtual special issue aims to consolidate our knowledge of the impacts of the COVID‐19 pandemic on internal migration, discuss key lessons we have learnt so far, and identify areas for future enquiry. It brings together evidence from six different countries: Australia, Germany, Japan, Spain, Sweden and the United Kingdom, covering the pandemic in varying temporal lengths. Systematic patterns emerge. A first commonality is an overall reduction of internal migration rates during the early days of the pandemic but to a lesser degree than expected. Second, the impacts of COVID‐19 leading to out‐migration from cities seem to have been temporary, though evidence from Spain and Britain points to scarring effects with persistent losses in highly dense areas. Third, changes in internal migration generated small impacts on the population structure of cities but large‐scale changes in small, rural and low‐density areas. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The village institutes project is an educational initiative that emerged as a rural development project in the history of the Republic. When we look at the education programmes implemented, it is seen that although the aim was to train teachers for the villages, artistic and cultural education constituted an important part of the programme. From this point of view, it can be said that the village institutes aimed to transform villages into places where modern individuals who follow the Republican revolutions live and have urban characteristics. The acceleration of migration from villages to cities and the increase in internal migration with industrialisation coincide with the period of the closure of the village institutes. Although various educational and sociological studies have been conducted on the founding and early periods of the Republic, research on the modern human type that the village institutes wanted to raise is limited in the literature. The aim of this study is to evaluate the educational programme and practices in the village institutes in the context of creating modern human beings and to examine the experiences of the students in their villages in the example of Çifteler Village Institute. The article is designed as a document-based research. The steps of the document analysis method were analysed. The studies obtained as a result of the search among postgraduate theses and academic articles on village institutes were subjected to content analysis. In addition, the letters written by the teachers graduated from Çifteler Village Institute to the school administration were also analysed in the context of the desired human type. It was observed that the education given in the village institutes had many artistic and cultural practices aiming to teach village life as well as urban consciousness, and that the education given included elements that would contribute positively to the awareness of living together. In the letters written by the graduates to the directorate of Çifteler Village Institute, it was concluded that they could not be happy in the village where they were working and that they could not reach the environments where they could exhibit the new behaviours they had acquired at school. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Factors such as the change of societies living in cities, migration from village to city, unplanned urbanization, socio-economic and sociopolitical effects cause the emergence of new settlements in the city, as well as the rapid change and transformation of the local architectural identity that has been formed before. This situation causes cities to become ordinary, similar to each other and even the same, distancing from their original identities. One of the most important parts of the city, which is the object of memory and reflects the identity elements of a period, is the residential architecture. When the old and original neighbourhood textures formed by the Nigde houses are reviewed, it is seen that it was settled on the Kayabasi, Tepeviran and Alaaddin hills in the centre. It was observed that the garden walls and houses were placed by using the slope of the land from the hills to the plain and the planning was made without blocking the view and the sun, thus organic street textures emerged. It is seen that the original two-storey stone houses and organic street texture in the gardens, which constitutes the architecture of Nigde and its nearby villages (Yesilburc Village, Fertek Village, etc.), have been demolished in recent years due to the roads opened for vehicle traffic. Within the scope of the study, it is aimed to reveal the contribution of the architectural elements of the traditional Nigde houses, which constitute the urban identity and urban texture of Nigde and which is one of the biggest components of the urban life setup, to the urban identity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

"The Mongol Empire in Global History and Art History" is a book edited by Anne Dunlop that explores the impact of the Mongol Empire on global history and art history. The book aims to investigate the differences that the Mongols made to the world and bring attention to their legacy in Europeanist history and art history. The contributions in the book cover a wide range of topics, including cultural exchange, the Mongol political economy, maritime activities, migration, trade, and the exchange of knowledge. The essays in the book are of high scholarly standard and accessible to nonspecialists, making it a valuable resource for anyone interested in global history and the Mongols. [Extracted from the article]

Stimulating counterurbanization has long been understood as a potential approach to revitalising rural areas. While well‐established in many countries, in China, it is taking a particular time‐limited form and characteristic dominated by issues of domicile and property rights. Rather than being characterised by long‐term life choices, counterurbanization in China is predominantly a shorter‐term leisure and tourism activity in which urbanites 'curate', for a limited period, a gentrified country lifestyle in accessible near‐urban villages. These lifestyles are in some ways akin to second‐home tourism. However, rather than purchase property as an investment, this new movement rents and renovates property as a consumption good with which to welcome other urbanites to visit, to consume and affirm these newly gentrified spaces and leisure opportunities. Based on a case study of Cenbu Village near Shanghai, this paper argues that current approaches to counterurbanization in China have limited impact on the revitalisation of local communities. Rather, newcomers from the cities largely superimpose their needs on the village in a way both ephemeral and removed from local people and village life. This comes about less as a mark of distain on the part of the incomers, and more as a result of their exclusion from key village institutions such as collective ownership, rights of domicile and ability to contribute to local governance. The paper concludes by arguing that mechanisms should be developed to enhance the long‐term confidence of newcomers, to encourage them to engage with community governance as a means of shaping the community and contributing more effectively to endogenous village revitalisation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Istanbul is an important city whose population has been increasing continuously from the past to the present. This increase has led to the emergence of new residential areas, and therefore, to the constant expansion of the boundaries of the settlement. Today's core of the city of Istanbul is the historical region called the city wall. Until the 1950s, the settlement was mainly concentrated in this area and its immediate vicinity. There were more industrial facilities outside this region. In the time leading up to the construction of the first bridge into the Bosphorus, the population was generally gathered between the coastal and the D100 highway. After the construction of the first bridge in 1973, the boundaries of the settlement began to shift to the north of the D100 highway. When the second bridge to the Bosphorus (Fatih Sultan Mehmet) was built in 1988, the boundaries of the settlement expanded further north. Since this year, the bridge has been built together with the II. The area between the Ring Road (TEM) and the D-100 highway has been the scene of a busy settlement. During these years (1970-1990), which constituted the highest period of migration from the countryside to the city, the population of Istanbul increased more than twice. In the time leading up to the construction of the third Bosphorus bridge (Yavuz Sultan Selim), the settlement experienced a rapid expansion to the north of the TEM road. Istanbul, which has experienced the same periodic process twice in the past, is experiencing it again with the construction of the third bridge. This time, the city's borders have entered a continuous expansion circuit towards the Black Sea. During these processes, the city's green areas have rapidly declined and the urban areas have continuously increased. In order to detect this change in periods, periodic satellite images were classified through GIS and Remote Sensing programs and the evolution of green areas were revealed. The findings revealed that the green areas have been decreasing continuously since 1975 and this is closely related to the bridges and connection roads. It has been revealed that the process that the city has experienced in the past will live again with the newly built bridge, and this time the process will be faster. In this new period, the Black Sea will form the new border of the city. This shows us that the city is pushing the boundaries of expansion and that the new green spaces will lose their function. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As the COVID-19 pandemic swept across the United States, the media began reporting stories of people leaving cities for rural destinations, setting off frenzied real estate activity in receiving communities. This article builds a case study of New England using nonconventional data collected from mobile devices as a proxy for population to explore the temporal and spatial patterns of movement down the urban hierarchy since the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic. Two research questions guide the analysis: (1) How have urban–rural migration systems in New England shifted since the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic? (2) In what ways have real estate markets been affected by these apparent migration shifts? The analysis reveals shifts of population away from metropolitan core areas of the region and into micropolitan and noncore counties. These population shifts were most pronounced in late summer and fall 2020 with loosening travel restrictions. By the end of 2020, migration systems in New England once more resembled prepandemic patterns. Further, these places down the urban hierarchy consistently showed more substantial increases in real estate activity as reflected in rising prices, reduced inventories, and increased sales volume. These real estate dynamics suggest urban to rural migration during the COVID-19 pandemic might be initiating new waves of rural gentrification. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Rural areas hold a large part of the territory of Bulgaria, and migration processes have even greater importance after the COVID-19 pandemic. The purpose of this research is to review the trends in the socio-economic aspects and whether they are related to the urban-rural migration flow and vice versa. To achieve the goal are used methods such as analysis, synthesis, and systematization of information. The statistical information is based on the official statistics from the National Statistical Institute in Bulgaria and covers a period of 5 years (before and after the COVID-19 pandemic). The results and conclusions provide information on whether global processes and changes in socio-economic status could contribute to changes in migration processes in typical rural areas in Bulgaria. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Itobiad: Journal of the Human & Social Science Researches / İnsan ve Toplum Bilimleri Araştırmaları Dergisi is the property of Itobiad: Journal of the Human & Social Science Researches and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of the College Of Basic Education is the property of Republic of Iraq Ministry of Higher Education & Scientific Research (MOHESR) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Social housing in Spain has its origin in the first Cheap Houses Law that was promulgated in 1911, trying to provide a solution to a housing need for the working class who flocked to the cities in waves of migration from rural areas. Since then, legislative initiatives have been taking place to mitigate the housing problem. Each one of them was contributing elements that presumably contributed to the hygiene and habitability of the house without forgetting the economic conditions. At the moment, in Spain there is a large real estate park inherited from these initiatives. In many cases, these are neighborhoods that currently show notable energy and social vulnerability. Aware of the need to adapt these homes to the regulatory requirements related to energy efficiency, comfort and the physical and technical characteristics of the construction, the Research Centers are developing multiple investigations aimed at favoring the adaptability of homes and improving the quality of life of its inhabitants. This article takes a tour of the evolution that social housing has had during the 20th century in Spain and the current state of research aimed at adapting it to the new energy, habitability and sustainability requirements. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]