Search

Urban renewal, a mid-century federal-local redevelopment program that transformed American cities and displaced millions of Black migrants from the South, was a race-conscious government policy responsible for the enduring suppression of Black wealth. Its racial history and character are untold in legal scholarship. This Article argues that the 25-year regime enacted in the Housing Act of 1949 was a response to the Great Migration of Black workers and families to northern, midwestern, and western cities. It was codified to interact with other segregation policies, such as highway construction, restrictive covenants, redlining, and public housing through the colorblind veneer of rational planning principles. Race planning created durable conditions of "racial bargaining," the discounted value of wealthproducing transactions in segregated Black communities. Since its midcentury enactment, urban renewalfederalized a race-conscious segregation policy that eluded civil rights remedies and framed contemporary urban development programs. This Article shows how this framework sustained the racial wealth gap at the core of this country's continuing struggle with structural inequality. Reframing requires reckoning. This Article presents for the first time the case for restorative remedies to Black descendants of the U.S. urban renewal program. Offering an architecture of accountability for race-conscious wrongs, it conceptualizes three buckets of contemporaneous, future. and cumulative harms, an analysis of government wrongfulness, and illustrative restorative programs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article explores the territorial stigmatisation–gentrification nexus and how it is advanced by an intellectual pipeline between academics and policymakers in the USA. Despite much research revealing the pathologising narratives latent within displacement-inducing urban policies, little work has explicitly sought to underscore the influence of academic discourses in promoting these policies. Centring a triad of discourses surrounding concentrated disadvantage, social mix and neighbourhood effects – emergent namely from the academic fields of urban sociology, criminology, urban planning and urban economics – I provide an evidential linkage between academic discourse and displacement-causing US policymaking by conducting a document analysis of official reports related to two major US government programmes: the Moving to Opportunity for Fair Housing (MTO) Demonstration programme and the Housing Opportunities for People Everywhere (HOPE) VI programme. I suggest that these academic discourses operate to legitimise displacement via neighbourhood-centric framings which advance territorial stigmatisation and related gentrification. These discourses, I argue, reinforce the real estate state and the destructive capitalist force of uneven geographical development while working to facilitate the disregard of propositions that would effect structural change. I conclude with an explanation for the present configuration of the academy-to-policy pipeline and why it has failed to onboard critical, macro-structurally orientated scholarship, and issue a call for a direction forward. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

It is not entirely clear what attribute of neighborhoods' race/ethnicity affects crime rates over time. Drawing on a sample of block groups in Baltimore (MD) we therefore estimate negative binomial regression models to test the concentration of specific ethnic groups in neighborhoods (% Black, % White, % Latino, % Asian, and % other race) as well as the level of heterogeneity among these groups. The results show that ethnic heterogeneity is associated with higher rates of both violent and property crime years later, whereas the measures of nonwhite ethnic groups are not significant. We also determine that concentrated disadvantage moderates the effect of ethnic heterogeneity on property crime. The implications of these findings for criminology and urban sociology are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: The aim of the research/article is to show how the changes in urban space in three different cases affect the residents’ life and what does it mean to them. Design/methodology/approach: The main issue of the research has been discussed with the use of humanistic coefficient which means that the attitudes of the inhabitants towards the changes of their surroundings have been studied. It means that the in-depth interview has been applied as a research technique. As the attitudes towards space and place was the subject of the study some concepts of environmental psychology and urban sociology constitutes its theoretical background. Findings: As a result of the study three types of changes in an urban space have been shown in the light of the feelings of the residents. One of the two extremes of that little spectrum is the case when the changes are imposed and mostly harmful, the other when changes are fully wanted and accepted by passionate users. In between these two is the case when the change has both advantages and disadvantages which the inhabitants are aware of. Practical implications: The research proved that changes in living space of the people when imposed on them are rather harmful. That is why the practice of consultations should be rethought and supplemented by the research among affected and provision of adequate information giving reasonable guidelines regarding alternative options especially in case of displacements. Originality/value: As the paper show how the changes in the surroundings of the people affect their quality of life it can be addressed to urban sociologists and scientists specialized in local management and social policy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Within urban sociology, the unpredictability of poor, urbanized space explains why black youth are "present oriented" and why they treat orientations to the future as futile. But where urban sociology suspends black youth in time and space, this research aims to de-arrest them from the "ethnographic present." Drawing on data from in-depth interviews with thirty youth, I make the case that within "present orientations" there is prescience. This paper is based on over one year of fieldwork at Run-a-Way – a center for youth in Minneapolis, Minnesota. With limited life chances and limited chances at life, youth at Run-a-Way saw the future as fugitive. Instead of being a paralyzing force keeping youth suspended in time, present orientations were marked by the production of nowness, in light of a prescient vision of what is to come. Because black youth chose not to entertain liberal futurities directed towards "rights" and "freedoms" associated with a post-raciality did not make them present oriented. It made them prepared. As prescience comes to serve as a more accurate signifier of black youth's relation to the future, we come to see why the "ethnographic present" and the interpellation of blackness through abjection are both unsustainable and obsolete. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study, based on three years of interviews, archival work, and ethnographic fieldwork, explores how social organisations integrate governmental and Party ideologies into the grassroots of urban society, and evaluates the effects of these efforts. Contrary to the widespread belief among the middle class that social organisations simply act as conduits for the will of the government and the Party, this study uncovers a notable absence of official backing for their activities by the state. This apparent contradiction, which might seem baffling at the grassroots level, becomes more comprehensible when examining the function of social organisations. They not only articulate the aims of the government and the Party, thereby addressing a critical void in the existing literature on co-governance, but also shield the state from direct criticism by the middle class. Employing the Chinese proverb 'Fox Fake Tiger'—which typically denotes a scenario where the fox leverages the tiger's perceived strength to enhance its influence in a manner it could not achieve on its own, thus critiquing those who depend on the authority of others to garner respect or induce fear—this study illustrates how social organisations, much like the fox that announces the tiger, subtly reinforce the state's control and credibility within these communities, in line with the 'whole-process democracy' campaign. This analogy emphasises the complex role of social organisations in magnifying state authority and legitimacy through delegated power, a dynamic that merits further investigation concerning governmentality and the mentalities of the middle class. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Sociologists have shown how displacement reproduces inequality among U.S. renters. Less is known about the experiences of renters prior to displacement, or how the trade-offs that renters adopt to avoid moves also stratify families. This article addresses this gap by examining how renters with few housing alternatives manage landlord neglect in routine maintenance. Using interviews with 131 non-Hispanic white and Latina/o, low- and middle-income renters living in Los Angeles, I find that unaffordable rental markets embed disadvantaged families, particularly low-income Latina/o immigrants, into substandard indoor living environments. Unable or reluctant to move, renters endure a process that I call negotiating neglect, which encompasses decision making around repair requests, following up with repair delays, investing personal funds into maintenance, and managing the health consequences of disrepair. Negotiating neglect demands substantial time, cognitive labor, and, at times, financial resources, and for some families, it is a chronic stressor. Taken together, these findings advance prior research on how unaffordable rental markets widen inequalities among families. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of EURE is the property of Pontificia Universidad Catolica de Chile and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Gumushane Universty Electronic Journal of the Faculty of Communication / Gümüshane Üniversitesi Iletisim Fakültesi Elektronik Dergisi is the property of Gumushane Universitesi Iletisim Fakultesi Elektronik Dergisi (e-GIFDER) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Estudios Demográficos y Urbanos is the property of El Colegio de Mexico AC and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Urban anthropology is a discipline that emerged only with great difficulty. Its origin in the Chicago school of sociology made the discipline dependent upon urban sociology. The ethnographic focus of the Chicago school was short-lived, overtaken by a statistical, quantitative sociology that came to long dominate the field. For their part, anthropologists were late in dealing with cities, arriving only in the 1960s. Since then, they have vacillated between doing anthropology in the city and doing urban anthropology. Given this problem, the urban philosopher Henri Lefebvre may provide us with some fresh insights. In this article, I propose an anthropological rereading of some Lefebvrian concepts, such as "lived space" and "everyday life," emphasizing their socially transformative character. I offer a series of epistemological reflections relevant to our discipline and, by drawing on examples from my ethnographic research, seek to contribute to the methodological formulation of a critical perspective on urban ethnography. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The salience of neighborhoods in shaping crime patterns is one of sociology's most robust areas of research. One way through which neighborhoods shape outcomes is through the creation and maintenance of social networks, patterns of interactions and relationships among neighborhood residents, organizations, groups, and institutions. This paper explores the relationship between network structures generated through acts of co-offending—when two or more individuals engage in an alleged crime together—and patterns of neighborhood gun violence and gun availability. Using arrest data from New York City, we create co-arrest networks between individuals arrested in the city between 2010 and 2015. We analyze these network patterns to, first, understand the overall structure of co-offending networks and, then, assess how they impact neighborhood levels of gun violence and gun availability. Results show that local and extra-local networks play a central role in predicting neighborhood levels of shootings: neighborhoods with a greater density of local ties have higher shootings rates, and neighborhoods that share social ties have similar rates of violence. In contrast, the network dynamics involved in gun recoveries are almost entirely local: co-offending patterns within neighborhoods are strongly associated with the level of gun recoveries, especially the clustering of co-offending networks indicative of groups. Contrary to previous research, spatial autocorrelation failed to predict either shootings or gun recoveries when demographic features were considered. Social-demographic characteristics seem to explain much of the observed spatial autocorrelation and the precise measurement of network properties might provide better measurements of the neighborhood dynamics involved in urban gun violence. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The phenomenon called “return to the city” has intensified in Rzeszów. After a clear decline in the number of inhabitants at the beginning of the present century, for several years there has been a steady increase in population, which is not related to incorporating more towns into the city. The paper presents the analysis of data collected during the study carried out in the city. Residents of the city declared satisfaction with their place of residence. The main reasons for satisfaction were the cleanliness of the city, aesthetics, work, noticeable city development, developed infrastructure, and a high level of security and peace.

The present study explores street sexual harassment in the Riberas del Bravo case, Ciudad Juárez, Mexico. Riberas del Bravo is one of the areas with the highest incidence of sexual violence in the Chihuahua State. We worked with seven women who live in the area and travel alone to different places of work, school and recreation. Core densities were used as a cartographic tool to identify the spaces represented by the participants as dangerous and of incidence of sexual street harassment, as well as existing equipment. Based on this, and the construction of theoretical categories of urban sociology, gender studies and territorial perspective, we found that spaces close to the home, semi-walled vacant lots, and convenience stores have the highest incidence of events such as sexual comments and persecution. The frequency ranges from often to very often, with Thursdays and weekends at night being times of higher incidence. The main reaction of the victims is to walk quickly and avoid confrontation. Therefore, harassment reconfigures women's public spatial interaction and generates segregation in scales of differentiation of spatial use. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Institutional theories of 'local area effects' hypothesise that local area differences in organisational resources are an important feature of inequality in individuals' residential environments. However, while the organisational dimension of local areas has been identified as an important research priority within urban sociology, empirical work remains limited, with charitable organisations particularly under-researched. Therefore, a key question remains unanswered: why do charities in more deprived local areas have higher dissolution rates, reinforcing a lower prevalence of charities compared with less deprived areas? This article focuses on this research problem. It shows that volunteer leadership succession is less prominent in more deprived local areas, and that this more limited leadership succession helps explain why charities in more deprived areas experience higher dissolution rates. The results promote understanding of a mechanism underlying local area differences in organisational dynamics that lead to persistent differences in institutional resources between more and less deprived local areas. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Integrative theorizing is needed to advance our understanding of the relationship between where a person lives and their mental health. To this end, we introduce a social identity model that provides an integrated explanation of the ways in which social-psychological processes mediate and moderate the links between neighborhood and mental health. In developing this model, we first review existing models that are derived primarily from a resource-availability perspective informed by research in social epidemiology, health geography, and urban sociology. Building on these, the social identity model implicates neighborhood identification in four key pathways between residents' local environment and their mental health. We review a wealth of recent research that supports this model and which speaks to its capacity to integrate and extend insights from established models. We also explore the implications of the social identity approach for policy and intervention. We need to understand the connection between where people live and their mental health better than we do. This article helps us do this by presenting an integrated model of the way that social and psychological factors affect the relationship between someone's neighborhood and their mental health. This model builds on insights from social epidemiology, health geography, and urban sociology. Its distinct and novel contribution is to point to the importance of four pathways through which neighborhood identification shapes residents' mental health. A large body of recent research supports this model and highlights its potential to integrate and expand upon existing theories. We also discuss how our model can inform policies and interventions that seek to improve mental health outcomes in communities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study traces the two approaches pioneered by Lefebvre (2003, 15-19, 73-78) and Rex and Moore (1967: 228-229, 270-273), who were influential in urban studies in the mid-twentieth century and differentiated by emphasizing the opportunities and limits of the city. After presenting a historical perspective and the development of urban theories, the study covers the process leading to urbanity, and includes theories about the right to the city and settlement-based class formations, which have formed a path in urban studies from the mid-twentieth century to the present day. The criticisms brought to urban studies are touched upon, around the views of Sayer (1993: 335-338), who went beyond the abstraction-based approaches. Among the criticisms are new trends in the study of space in urban studies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: This article raises the relationship between a neighbourhood and subjectivities shared by young populations, that is, the framework of meanings, ideas, imaginaries, shared conditions in a place that can affect them individually or collectively. Objective: For this reason, this reflection aims to discuss whether the imaginaries of a site have implications for the subjectivity of those who occupy them. Method: It is a qualitative and exploratory research, at this first moment it consisted of group workshops that were carried out in October 2022 with young people who are part of various activities of the Heredia Civic Center for Peace. A recognition was found on the part of young people of neighborhood problems, such as drug use and negative news in which the neighborhood is frequently mentioned. However, those who participate do not intend to delve into these negative ideas of the neighborhood and, on the contrary, express situations of individual and collective development, due to the artistic and educational spaces provided by the Civic Center for Peace. Conclusions: It is concluded that there is an agreement between these young participants in the workshop to develop positive ideas about their neighborhood and show their work within the framework of the Civic Center for Peace; space that they recognize as an instance that opens artistic, educational, sports and animal protection opportunities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Berliner Journal für Soziologie is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

On February 6, 2023, two major earthquakes occurred in Kahramanmaraş, Türkiye. This study analyzes the transformations in housing preferences of the earthquake victims. Accordingly, 30 earthquake victims who were in Adana, Hatay, Kahramanmaraş, and Malatya during the earthquakes were reached via snowball sampling, and then semistructured interviews were conducted with them. After transcribing the interviews, the software ATLAS.ti 9 was used to identify the five themes of the study: 1) preferences shifting from vertical to horizontal housing, 2) preferences shifting from comfort-oriented options to those with safety, 3) preferences shifting from urban to rural areas, 4) rising demand for buildings complying with the earthquake legislation, and 5) reasons for not leaving the earthquake zone because of economic or family reasons despite lack of trust in the building/area. The findings revealed that safety needs were prioritized over other needs, supporting Maslow's theory of hierarchical structuring of needs. This study might make a general contribution to the field of sociology of disasters and guide development of public policies postdisaster. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

How does the moral calculus of gentrification change for self-conscious newcomers in neighborhoods with a reputation deemed unworthy of preserving? In pointing to a set of practices distinct from "pioneering" accounts of gentrification, Brown-Saracino (2007) identified social preservationists as figures who seek to preserve authentic community and the marginalized old-timers who embody it. Using the deviant case of Bridgeport—a historically White neighborhood in Chicago with a deeply historical and persistent reputation for racism —we examine how self-conscious newcomers orient themselves to the gentrification process when the old-timers are not considered a marginalized group worth protecting, but rather a powerful group with problematic racial views. Whereas Brown-Saracino identified the importance of "selecting the old-timer" among a set of potential representatives of a valorized past, we suggest that in this case, newcomers fight to redefine a neighborhood based on a socially desirable future. Drawing on two distinct sets of ethnographic and interview-based data, we outline how this process has unfolded. We conclude that Bridgeport's story points to the importance of examining how gentrification ideologies emerge from the collision of personal commitments and neighborhood context, as neighborhood newcomers balance their ethics, concerns over personal reputation, and salient aspects of their new homes, including place reputation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Research on LGBTQI + people has increased in recent years in several areas. In geography and sociology, they were interpreted as producers and modifiers of urban space. In tourism literature, efforts are concentrated on diversified consumption practices. Queer geography has noticed that LGBTQI + people have developed practices that have transformed former ghettos into notable gayborhoods in a process called gaytrification which has changed the way we enjoy cities. The literature review on gayborhoods proposes a possible end for these neighborhoods, as sexual identities gained greater acceptability. Research in queer geography reveals contributions to tourism studies, indicating that the intersections between sexuality and space contribute to the development of tourist destinations. This can be observed in an increase in tourist flow in a post-Covid-19 period, there has been an increase in tourist flow in the Reguliersdwarsstraat, the main street of leisure and entertainment aimed at the LGBTQI + people in Amsterdam. Representing a trend of reviving these neighborhoods as queer spaces after periods of lockdown. The corpus of analysis, consisting of 3955 photographs, shared between 2019 and 2022, provides answers to the following question: Can a tourism promotional strategy using social media delay the end of queer spaces and gayborhoods? The analysis states that visitors perform queerness practices that consolidate an urban queer tourist precinct, with a high tourist flow, mainly at night and in the summer months prevent its heterosexualization. Thus, it is possible to affirm that the tourist gaytrification of gay neighborhoods and streets preserves the historical and cultural legacy of LGBTQI + people, and that the construction of queers precincts diversifies the tourist offer of cities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of EURE is the property of Pontificia Universidad Catolica de Chile and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of KULT online is the property of Justus Liebig University Giessen and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This article explores the concept of the urban impasse, which refers to the tension between the potential actions available to individuals in urban environments and the constraints that limit their choices. The authors argue that this impasse contributes to structural inequalities in cities. They advocate for a relational approach to studying the urban, which considers the long-term trends and institutions that shape urban life. The article includes case studies from Berlin, São Paulo, and Brazilian favelas to illustrate the complexities of urban inequalities and the role of institutions in shaping social action. The authors conclude by emphasizing the need for a deeply situational perspective to understand the conflicts and management of cities. [Extracted from the article]

The phenomenon called "return to the city" has intensified in Rzeszów. After a clear decline in the number of inhabitants at the beginning of the present century, for several years there has been a steady increase in population, which is not related to incorporating more towns into the city. The paper presents the analysis of data collected during the study carried out in the city. Residents of the city declared satisfaction with their place of residence. The main reasons for satisfaction were the cleanliness of the city, aesthetics, work, noticeable city development, developed infrastructure, and a high level of security and peace. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Based on a social action research, this article discusses the collective action taken by inhabitants of Chinese and South-East Asian origin in a north-eastern suburb of Paris: targeted by violent attacks, these residents occupied the public space at the base of their residences and demanded the intervention of public authorities. In recounting the different steps of the mobilisation, this article demonstrates how an ethnocentric dynamic was created around security issues and how an ethno-spatial minority was formed within the neighbourhood and the city. It also shows in what conditions this ethno-security action transforms itself into an associative and citizen commitment within the neighbourhood and the city and modifies the perceptions of the actors, their capacity for action and their relations with the neighbourhood and with politics. At the intersection of several fields of research, including the sociology of migration, urban sociology and political sociology, the article shows how ordinary inhabitants of Chinese and South-East Asian origin participate in their neighbourhood's local civic life. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The monuments of Iasi, from the perspective of urban sociology, are part of the social life, with human interactions, specific to congested urban areas. From the viewpoint of this discipline, the structures, changes, and problems of the Iași urban community provide elements for the planning and elaboration of urban conservation policies and the restoration of several monuments. In this sense, urban sociology uses a variety of analytical tools such as sociological observation, social theory, interviews, as well as other methods and techniques for the study of specific subjects, such as the relationships between individuals in the urban socialization process, demographic and economic trends, poverty, the effects of urbanization with all the negative aspects regarding the destruction of some monuments on feelings of social alienation and anonymity (elements studied in the Chicago School by Max Weber and George Simmel). The purpose of this paper is precisely to capture the feelings and their perception by the subjects investigated in this study. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An "urban" subfield exists in virtually every social science discipline, but these subfields seldom engage one another. We asked scholars from five urban subfields to respond to questions about the state of urban research within their discipline. This article consists of their consequent essays and reflections on their responses. The questions posed included the discipline's conception of "urban," the main concerns motivating the subfield, the primary methodologies pursued, the extent to which their subfield interacted with or was informed by research in other urban subfields, and the main concepts or approaches it had to offer to other subfields or might take away from them. In our reflections, we particularly note the intellectual and institutional difficulties in creating a broader field of urban research or of engaging in truly inter-disciplinary research. We also highlight the desirability of greater engagement across these subfields through encouraging a "republic of conversation" among them. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article is situated within the conceptual lineage of St. Clair Drake and Horace Cayton's groundbreaking Black Metropolis model. However, it provides a new way of considering this intellectual heritage. The analysis suggests that African American traditions of Pan-Africanism have not been expansively addressed in their magnitude on Black urban sociology. Drake and Cayton's theorization is reconfigured as it exists within a Pan-African value system for the contemporary Black (Diasporic) city. The research presents "unsung" Pan-African tropes that are central to the maintenance of the Black city's identity and psychological cohesion. If the mind is the "primary battlefield" as Garvey insists, then it is important to note the (beneficial) psychological impact that African American redemption and the Pan- African Metropolis can bestow on African Americans. The discussion locates Pan-Africanism as a tangible operating mechanism on African Americans' lifestyle, mental health, and (Africanized) identities within Detroit's Black community. Field observations of Detroit's African World Festival connect these festival spaces as they characterize and drive the city's identity, psychology, economic considerations, and ultimately, Pan-African groundings. The sustainability of an Afrocentric philosophy and psychology has enhanced the Black city in the manifestation of a distinctive cultural political economy. The Pan African Metropolis emerged during Detroit's Black Arts Movement (the 1970s of my youth). To this end, the article pushes back against "the lie" which overgeneralizes African Americans in a Black deficit homogeneity, whereas the "alleged Black American monolith" is not connected to any operating African continuum in their daily lives. Plain language summary: The Pan African Metropolis: Pan African Lives in a Pan African City All cities have a psychological effect on their inhabitants. How does a Pan-African value system shape the distinctive character and mindset of a city? This article attempts to answer this question. The current research on Detroit's African World Festival looks at how it connects to a larger Africanized World of Detroit (from the 1970s to the present). It locates and celebrates African Americans in Detroit who live devoted, daily Pan-African lives. It voices how the city has benefited from the norm of its Pan-African leadership. The discussion fills a needed gap as it looks at how contemporary customs of Pan-Africanism have made a positive impact on African Americans' lifestyle and mental health who live in Detroit, Michigan. The argument presents unique Pan-African values, which are referred to as Pan African tropes. These tropes have uniquely shaped Detroit's Black community's psychological makeup and distinctive personality. From this perspective, Pan-Africanism is discussed here from a holistic perspective for African Americans. It is considered deliberately as a mindset-shaping and Black progress philosophy in the foundation of the city. The cultural agency of Detroit has created an unsung tradition of Black placemaking through African heritage connections, celebrations, and preservation. Garvey insists what has made African Americans reject their African heritage is brainwashing from white/European inducement of continued mental slavery, as Bob Marley captures Garvey's most comprehensive message in Redemption Song, "Emancipate yourself from mental slavery, none but ourselves can free our minds". This is why Garvey tells us the primary battlefield is the mind. Ultimately, the mental health of African Americans is dependent upon the recovery of their historical dignity, and a tranformative Africana Studies education, and thus, more accurate knowledge as it applies to them. Thus, Pan-Africanism has a seriously unrecognized psychological benefit. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Greater Cairo Region has grown into segments through successive cohesions. It has experienced a number of phenomena in its journey of development, such as the increasing trajectory of population declines in the old urban mass, the movement of upper classes to the suburbs, as well as the emergence of the pattern of gated communities. The cause of these phenomena resulted from a group of specific factors; (ageing families and ageing buildings, noise pollution, traffic congestion and bottlenecks, etc.). Political and economic factors were dominant in the emergence of these spatial patterns, in addition to the reduction or marginalization of social, urban and legislative factors. The growth and mobility of the upper classes in the region were consistent with the ring theory of upper-class growth and mobility at the beginning of the century until the early 1970s, and with both sectoral and multiple nuclei theory from the mid-1970s, where economic policies shifted to new economic reform programs, underpinned by correlated dynamic processes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this short comment on Beveridge and Koch's intervention on radical democracy and urbanization, I wish to take their idea of democratic engagement and push it towards epistemological reflections. Democratic engagement is a form of anticipation of urban futures – futures characterized by caring democracy. Adjusting our analytical lens to better see these everyday practices requires rebalancing critical versus generative epistemologies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Kentlerin şekillenmesinde birçok etkenin yanında iktidar ilişkisi de etkili olmaktadır. İktidar sahibi kişilerin politik ve ideolojik yaklaşımlarını yansıtma istekleri, kentsel mekân düzenlemeleri ve yapıları inşa etmede doğrudan müdahalelerini kolaylaştırmıştır. Konya kent merkezi de tarih boyunca farklı iktidarların ideolojik müdahaleleriyle şekillenmiştir. Birçok medeniyete ev sahipliği yaparak günümüze ulaşan Konya kent merkezinin iktidar ideolojisiyle oluşan simgesel değerini koruyor olması bu çalışma kapsamında örneklem alan olarak seçilmesini sağlamıştır. Çalışmada Konya kent merkezinin geçmişten günümüze dönemsel olarak iktidar ideolojisiyle nasıl şekillendiğini tespit etmek amaçlanmıştır. Konya kent merkezinin gelişimi ile alakalı literatür taranmış ve birçok çalışmaya ulaşılmıştır. Elde edilen verilere bakıldığında iktidar gücünün tarih boyunca kentsel alanların düzenlenmesinde etkili olduğu sonucuna varılmıştır. Konya özelinde ise Cumhuriyet öncesi dönemde hâkimiyet sahibi medeniyetlerin dini, askeri ve kültürel yaşam tarzları doğrultusunda doğrudan erk gücü ile kenti şekillendirdiği gözlenirken Cumhuriyet sonrası yaşanan rejim değişikliği ve sonrasında ortaya çıkan planlama kararları iktidarın kent üzerindeki etkisinin yasal boyutlara taşındığını göstermektedir.

Ecological conditions are heavily influenced by human–environment interactions, which is why understanding the relationships between people and nature is crucial. While earlier studies have indicated a pattern of positive correlations between economic wealth and biodiversity in urban areas, there are some examples that suggest that such associations are more intricate than initially presumed. In this study, we aimed to assess whether such a relation holds in Lahti, a medium-sized city in southern Finland, considering two biodiversity proxies (i.e., bird and woody plant species richness) and the Urban Ecosystem Integrity Index (UEII) of the city. Our results show no clear relationship between economic wealth (average annual income per statistical area) reported for 2019 and the two assessed biodiversity proxies and the UEII. These findings shed new light on the "luxury effect" in urban areas and reveal the nature of such relationship in highly green cities embedded in economic parity scenarios. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Placemaking is a concept used in urban planning to shape public spaces. It is a complex and evolving concept that involves various actors with different goals, including grassroots community members, artists, developers, and governments. Placemaking has the potential to address urban crises and improve urban life, but it is distinct from mainstream planning and can take the form of informal interventions led by activists. It has been influenced by various discourses, including post-capitalism and post-liberalism, and it is important to consider how it can benefit marginalized groups and contribute to meeting place-based goals of access and inclusion. Placemaking has gained renewed attention during the COVID-19 pandemic, but there are challenges to maintaining its integrity, such as the rush to implement initiatives without proper community engagement. Despite these challenges, placemaking holds potential for progress in addressing social vulnerabilities and building bridges across communities. [Extracted from the article]

Although W. E. B. Du Bois addresses crime in Black communities in many of his writings, he is rarely recognized as having a cohesive theory on crime, and his work is often conflated with Shaw and McKay's social disorganization theory. While both social disorganization and Du Bois's theories pushed sociology and criminology away from pseudo-biological explanations of crime to the social environment, the Chicago School analyzed how social control broke down within neighborhoods, while Du Bois analyzed how racist social and economic exclusion of Black communities led to crime. Du Bois's criminological theories of social disharmony and racial injustice also consider the social construction of crime and the criminalization of Blackness where social disorganization does not. Focusing on the relations of racial exclusion led Du Bois to propose solutions to crime that focus on mechanisms of oppression and economic injustice across various levels of society. This approach differs widely from community-level interventions driven by social disorganization theory, which focus on improving informal social control within neighborhoods. Du Bois's theories on crime and the social environment provide an analytic lens for sociologists to link the social organization within communities to the social organization across communities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Urbanization is a defining feature of contemporary human civilization, with an increasing majority of the global population residing in cities. Urban sociology offers a lens through which to understand the multifaceted dynamics of city life, encompassing social, economic, cultural, and spatial dimensions. This review article examines key theoretical frameworks, empirical research, and critical debates within urban sociology, shedding light on the complexities and challenges of urbanization. From issues of inequality and segregation to the impacts of globalization and technological advancements, this review navigates through the intricate fabric of urban life, offering insights into the diverse experiences and realities of urban dwellers worldwide. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Research shows that increased contact between different races under the right conditions can increase interracial tolerance. Research also shows that more white individuals are moving back to city centers through the process of gentrification. This research shows that gentrification is a process ripe with conflict which has implications on interracial contact. New development in neighborhoods not only prices out longtime residents who are often of color but is also geared toward newer middle‐class patrons who are often white. Literature on whites living in diverse or gentrifying neighborhoods illustrates habits and behaviors that result in the avoidance of people of color. Literature also illustrates that's these whites are likely to be more politically progressive and claim to value the racially diverse nature of their neighborhoods. Critical diversity research sheds some light on this paradox, but this is a small but growing field. More research needs to be done to better understand the habitus, the racial ideologies, and the relationships white individuals who live in diverse or gentrifying neighborhoods, have with people of color. Doing so would not only examine how gentrification is structuring interracial contact, but also provide a closer look at a new dominant racial ideology for whites in this context. Critical diversity ideology, while similar to color blind racism, in that it still reproduces racial inequality, is a distinct racial ideology that is potentially paramount in the contexts of racially diverse neighborhoods. Detroit makes an ideal location for this research due to its history of racial segregation and current influx of white individuals living in close proximity to their Black counterparts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article examines the ways in which lesbians' economic and intimate lives are closely intertwined amid neoliberal development in the urban landscape. Previous research on queer urban life has primarily drawn attention to commodified gay neighbourhoods and other sites for sexual consumption, which are often marketised as part of a liberal and queer-friendly urban landscape, in Euro-American contexts. Such a focus is not adequate, however, to capture the complex interplay between intimacy and commodification in contemporary societies. Drawing upon interviews with 35 lesbians in Beijing, this study shows how the market is experienced by lesbians as a site of queer agency and vulnerability under neoliberalism with Chinese characteristics. The findings reveal 'commodified forms of intimacy', through which lesbians actively engage in the labour market and (queer-targeted) pink market in order to develop their intimate relations. Meanwhile, 'intimatised forms of commodification' illustrate how women's gendered and sexual expressions are closely policed and evaluated in the workplace as a site of both economic production and the reproduction of social norms. Participants were conscious of their vulnerable position as women and lesbians in the marketplace, but they were active in strategising ways to navigate urban landscapes of heteronormativity and gender inequalities. This article helps to develop a deeper understanding of the complicated and contradictory impacts of neoliberalism with Chinese characteristics on queer communities. It contributes to urban sociology and sexuality studies by mapping the multiple connections between commodified relations and intimate relations in the neoliberal city. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Public sculptures and monuments play an important role in shaping collective memory and personality, as well as reproducing social inequalities. This article examines the female sculptures in the public spaces of Istanbul; It aims to make visible the inequalities in the common use of public space. Sculptures of Istanbul, which ensure the clearest and static transmission of gender inequality, are handled and exemplified as angels, virgins, war hero women, mother statues and female statues with sexuality emphasized. The research will examine how the representation of women in public sculptures and monuments and the message they carry are reproduced every day in public spaces, deepening inequality and affecting the representation of social roles. In this context, 10 sculptures were selected for the study. The 10 female statues discussed in this context not only repeat the message, but also formally and narratively reiterate that the message is unchangeable. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

How did the Norwich Union, a life and general insurance company, come to see itself as a 'local developer with people always at the centre of our planning'? This article explores how a small number of insurance companies, capitalising on their long history of property investment, used their investment funds, or 'life funds', to transform the built environment of UK in the twentieth century. In the postwar period life funds were contracted by local governments to finance, plan and develop solutions to urban issues that paralleled those targeted by post‐war welfare reforms. This involved companies in developing expertise, working practices, instruments and collaborative arrangements that are not adequately represented as financial investment. Ventures into development on this scale had also to be ventures in futures planning, calculated bets on how people would – and how they should – live, work and spend. These are enterprises that I characterise as 'experimental practices of financial sociology' as a provocation that acknowledges first, that non‐sociologists sometimes devise huge sociological experiments and second, that the separation of economics from sociology, and of finance from society, is a disciplinary move that is far less strictly enacted outside the academy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Cuestiones Políticas is the property of Revista Cuestiones Politicas and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Sociedad e Infancias is the property of Universidad Complutense de Madrid and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This article discusses the concept of the "post-socialist city" and its application in the context of East Central and South East Europe. The authors argue that the term is problematic as it merges different histories and experiences into a false homogeneous whole. They suggest that post-socialism should be seen as a de-territorialized concept that focuses on specific processes or phenomena rather than a hegemonic framework. The article also highlights the role of memory studies in understanding the relationship between urban space, social change, and cultural developments. The authors present five case studies from different countries that challenge the notion of the post-socialist city from various perspectives. [Extracted from the article]

In a general sense, architecture and technology articulate two modes of evaluation of objects and built environments; however, are there conditions that allow us to consider architectural works as technologies? This paper explores this possibility by analyzing bibliographic, documentary, and planimetric information on housing blocks developed by the state agency, Corporación de la Vivienda (CORVI), between 1953 and 1974. Using Process Tracing as a method of analysis, milestones were identified that showed the ways in which the design and production of this typology were influenced by a regime of values based on the idea of rationalization, and that the heterogeneity of its cases showed flexibility and adaptation to the ways of calculating and realizing this value. The conclusions address the causality observed between value and typology in this case, and suggest that this behavior expresses a technological condition of architecture. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

International students are an important global cohort of 'noncitizens' whose experiences are central concerns for urban sociologists and migration scholars. Drawing on survey fieldwork conducted among international students in the private rental sector in Sydney and Melbourne during 2019, this article provides new knowledge about the hardships experienced by international students who report financial stress. Using a modified scale developed by the Australian Bureau of Statistics, we highlight the accelerating role of high levels of financial stress in producing disruptive events such as housing evictions and fears of homelessness, as well as reliance on inadequate housing like 'hot-bedding'. Financial stress is significantly more likely for students from low-GNI (gross national income) countries and higher stress reduces wellbeing. Access to paid employment, however, does not 'protect' against higher financial stress. We conclude that higher education policymakers need tools and policies to prevent disruptive life events among international students related to financial stress, particularly those associated with housing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]