Search

Urban passenger transport faces significant challenges, including congestion, safety concerns, and environmental impacts. Smart Transportation Systems (STS) offer a promising strategy to address these issues by leveraging technology for data-driven decision-making, improved efficiency, and enhanced user experience. This paper explores the potential of STS for rationalizing and governing urban passenger transport, using Japan as a model country. By examining Japan's experience with STS implementation, the paper analyzes the economic benefits, technological advancements, and governance frameworks that contribute to its success. The paper concludes by highlighting key lessons learned from Japan that can be applied by other countries seeking to improve their urban passenger transport systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The urban passenger transport complex is the most important part of the infrastructure of modern cities and provides a number of key functions. The condition for the effective operation of the transport complex is the balanced development of the subsystems included in its structure, which in turn necessitates the formation of a methodological framework that determines the conditions for such development. Based on the indicated provisions, the purpose of the study is formulated, which is to increase the efficiency of the operation of vehicles serving the routes of the urban ground passenger transport complex, based on the results of an assessment of their environmental safety and energy efficiency. To achieve this goal, it is necessary to solve a number of tasks: – study and analysis of the content of research papers, regulatory and technical documents in the field of environmental safety assessment of energy efficiency of vehicles; – development of a methodology for assessing and comparative analysis of environmental safety and energy efficiency, vehicles serving urban public transport routes; – assessment of environmental safety of various categories of vehicles serving the routes of the urban ground passenger transport complex; – generalization and analysis of the results obtained, formulation of conclusions and practical recommendations. During the study, an approach was used that assumes: modeling of energy consumption parameters of vehicles implementing various technologies of fuel and energy supply and a comparative assessment of indicators determining their energy efficiency and environmental safety in traffic conditions on urban passenger routes. Based on the implemented approach, the methods of system and statistical analysis of the initial information, mathematical modeling and methods of multi-criteria evaluation of the results are used in the work. The main result of the study is the numerical values of the indicators of energy efficiency and environmental safety of vehicles implementing various technologies of fuel and energy supply in the conditions of urban ground passenger transport complex, which is the scientific novelty of the study. The use of the obtained values in assessing the efficiency of passenger transportation by vehicles of various categories allows for the formation of a fleet of vehicles based on the results of a multi-criteria analysis. One of the directions of further research involving the use of the results obtained is the development of a comprehensive methodology for determining the optimal structure and coordinated formation of subsystems that make up the urban ground passenger transport complex.

Introduction. The high importance of the urban passenger transport complex as a system determining the level of socio-economic development of the urban area is formulated. One of the systemic problems of the passenger transport complex of modern cities is the decentralization of planning and management processes, which determines the structural imbalance of key subsystems. The results of a literary review are presented, during which the works devoted to improving the efficiency of the transport process, the process of providing energy resources and the process of maintaining rolling stock in good condition are considered. The necessity of developing a methodology ensuring the coordination of the state and functioning of key subsystems of the transport complex is noted. The purpose of scientific work is defined, the list of solved tasks is defined.Materials and methods. The structural scheme of the urban passenger transport complex is given, a conceptual approach to solving the problem of coordinated optimization of its key subsystems is described. The following are defined: the target indicator, the objective function and its limitations that determine the optimization process being implemented. A brief description of methods for determining and mutual coordination of structural parameters of subsystems forming the material basis of the transport complex is given.Results. Theoretical provisions reflecting a conceptual approach to ensuring the efficiency of urban transport systems based on the coordinated development of subsystems, based on the magnitude of the proposed integrated efficiency indicator, are presented. Based on the data obtained from the results of analytical studies and field experiments, a calculation was made that made it possible to determine the structural parameters of the subsystems of the urban passenger transport system of one of the cities, ensuring the maximum value of the efficiency of transport activities provided by structural coordination of the subsystems that make up the material basis of the urban passenger transport system.Discussion. The solution of the tasks set is reflected, indicators reflecting the achievement of the research goal are indicated, confirmation of the hypothesis about the possibility of improving the efficiency of the urban passenger transport complex through the implementation of conditions ensuring the coordinated development and interaction of key subsystems is formulated.Conclusion. A generalizing conclusion about the solution of an important scientific, methodological and applied task – to increase the efficiency of the passenger transportation process along urban passenger transport routes based on ensuring the coordinated development of the subsystems that make up its material base is formulated.

In the last decade, the collaborative economy has changed the economic course and its exponential development has been associated with the irruption of information and communication technology (ICTs), and more specifically with the collaborative platforms that offer the intermediation service. The collaborative economy has burst into the urban passenger transport sector with tourism vehicles and this has crystallized in numerous conflicts between the taxi sector and tourism vehicles with driver. The Spanish legislator and courts try to define the legal and economic aspects that revolve around this new mode of transport, but this has caused great controversy, since ensuring a peaceful coexistence between the taxi sector and tourism vehicles with driver is not an easy task. There is an urgent need to introduce competition and consumer welfare, and for this reason the current regulatory framework deserves to be reviewed. Thus, this paper aims to analyze the legal regime of the leasing of tourism vehicles with driver from this collaborative economy perspective. Thus, we analyze the most recent case law on this matter, the pending litigation and, in particular, the controversial regional regulations adopted in the Basque Country (Decree 200/2019, of December 17) nd in Catalonia (Decree-law 9/2022, of July 5).

Organizations are increasingly concerned with new strategic guidelines and ways of managing physical assets to improve their competitiveness and sustainability. In this paper, we analyze the determinants of the economic management of physical assets in the specific case of a public passenger transport company located in one of the main cities of Portugal. Based on the case under analysis, it was possible to conclude that the economic management of physical assets is oriented by relevant indicators, including, for example, expenses associated with acquisition, maintenance, and operation. This paper provides a relevant contribution to monitoring and evaluating the life cycle of equipment, enabling more efficient and effective management of these physical assets for transport companies. We are convinced that the valuable results presented in this paper can open up new research avenues in the area of physical asset management. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The efficiency of the functioning of urban passenger transport routes has been studied in the paper. It has been established that the functioning of urban passenger transport routes takes place in a non-isolated environment, which affects the system from the moment of its formation and can lead to discrepancy between the calculated and actual efficiency of the system. As a result of the fucntioning indicator analysis of the passenger transportation route, it has been revealed that the environment of the route functioning affects the efficiency in a complex manner. Consequently, the mutual influence of one factor on others should be taken into account. Performance evaluation should be carried out for the entire route system, and not within the separately considered subsystem. As a result of the analysis of such key indicators as income, fuel costs, lubricants, maintenance and repair, discrepancies have been found between the planned values of indicators and actual data. It is determined that the distribution function of the random variables of these indicators is described by a normal law. At the final stage of the study, regularities in the influence of the road transport enterprise parameters on the probability of investment return have been obtained. The proposed integrated approach to determining the efficiency of urban passenger transport routes is based not only on the established, but also on the stochastic parameters that occur during the functioning of these routes. An algorithm has been developed for determining the efficiency of urban route passenger traffic, which takes into account the interrelation of income and expenses, modern ideas about the patterns of change in the prpbability of development of optimistic, pessimistic and intermediate scenarios for improvement of route efficiency events. The algorithm is based on formalized dependences of the change in time of the probabilities of income and expenses which are taken into account in the operation process of urban passenger transport routes with their various parameters.

Staying within the 2 °C (preferably 1.5 °C) limit requires fast and fundamental system changes, also in urban passenger transport. Shifting car traffic to environmentally friendly transport modes is one central strategy to make urban transport more sustainable and climate friendly. However, in most cities car use remains high. Therefore, this paper analyzes what course change is needed regarding direction, scale and speed of change for urban sustainability and climate protection reasons. The paper analyzes the role of modal shift as a strategy in itself and in relation to land-use (avoid) and efficiency (improve) measures. The paper draws on insights from European frontrunning cities and explorative forecasting scenarios calculated with the sophisticated integrated land-use transport model "Ruhr Region 2050". The paper suggests that a significant reduction of urban car use is needed (direction) that roughly equals a fast halving of car use (scale), which has proven feasible under the current socio-political conditions by annual reduction rates of 0.5 to 1.5 percentage points of the trip-based modal share of car use (speed). Significantly reducing car use requires comprehensive and high-intensive measures that go far beyond usual practices. Modal shift measures need to play a crucial role in integrated approaches with land-use (avoid) and efficiency (improve) measures because they have the potential to significantly reduce car use and CO2 emissions and because they can produce comparatively fast effects – which makes modal shift measures first aid approaches to achieve a fast "bending of the curve" of excessive car use and growing CO2 emissions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Urban passenger transport is one of the most significant sources of fossil energy consumption and greenhouse gas emission, especially in developing countries. The rapid growth of urban transport makes it a critical target for carbon reduction. This paper establishes a method for calculating carbon emission from urban passenger transport including ground buses, private cars, cruising taxis, online-hailing taxis, and rail transit. The scope of the study is determined according to the transportation mode and energy type, and the carbon emission factor of each energy source is also determined according to the local energy structure, etc. Taking into consideration the development trend of new energy vehicles, a combination of "top-down" and "bottom-up" approaches is used to estimate the carbon dioxide emission of each transportation mode. The results reveal that carbon emission from Qingdao's passenger transport in 2020 was 8.15 million tons, of which 84.31% came from private cars, while the share of private cars of total travel was only 45.66%. Ground buses are the most efficient mode of transport. Fossil fuels emit more greenhouse gases than other clean energy sources. The emission intensity of hydrogen fuel cell buses is better than that of other fuel type vehicles. Battery electric buses have the largest sensitivity coefficient, therefore the carbon emission reduction potentially achieved by developing battery electric buses is most significant. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The object of research is the influence of the conditions for the implementation of technological trip operations in the implementation of the priority movement of urban passenger transport on the bus route on the level of accessibility of the transport service. On the basis of the developed contour of information communication, a typical procedure for establishing the parameter for assessing the availability of a transport service, depending on the time indicators of traffic on the route, is singled out. As a controlled parameter that determines the conditions for increasing the availability of a transport service, the trip time and the range of deviations in the arrival of buses to the stopping point are singled out. Implemented on the basis of simulation modeling, the procedure for establishing the correspondence between the time parameters of the departure of buses from the stopping point and the formation of demand made it possible to establish patterns of changes in the level of accessibility of the transport service depending on the traffic conditions on the route. In the course of field observations along route No. 115e «Gagarin avenue metro station – Nesterov street» (Kharkiv, Ukraine) it was found that the introduction of free traffic conditions that meet the conditions of the priority of urban passenger transport can reduce the duration of the trip by 5 min and reduce the range of deviation of the arrival of buses to the stopping point by 4 min. On the basis of experimental studies, it was found that by reducing the duration of the trip from 32 min up to 27 min it is possible to increase the value of the transport service accessibility indicator by 20.5 %. When organizing traffic according to a schedule, it is possible to increase the indicator of the availability of transport services up to 0.679 (by 6.8 %). The introduction of priority traffic on route No. 115e allows reducing the trip time to 22–27 min, which will positively affect the indicator of the availability of transport services (increase to 0.803 in traffic without a schedule and up to 0.880 in compliance with the traffic schedule). Reducing the range of bus arrival deviations in the range from –1 min up to +2 min allows increasing the level of accessibility of transport services under normal conditions from 6.8 % to 13.3 %, and with the introduction of priority traffic – from 15.4 % to 18.3 %. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Mobile ticketing services allow urban transport passengers to travel in a convenient and easy way, enhancing their travelling experience. In recent years several mobile ticketing services have started to be developed and launched, but there is still a lot to be done in terms of its effectiveness, efficiency and innovation. This paper presents a micro-location mobile ticketing solution based on Near Field Communication (NFC) and Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE) technologies, called Anda. This solution is based on a check-in/be-out scheme and requires the minimum intervention from the passenger. It is really innovative in the urban transport field, as it takes advantage of BLE technology not usually used for this purpose, it is based on a concept of post-billing with a fare optimization algorithm associated and it allows the micro-location of passengers throughout their journeys. This paper details the architecture of the solution and its mode of operation. It also presents the evaluation methodology that was followed during the pilot trial that took place in the Metropolitan Area of Porto (AMP), Portugal, during one year with 140 real passengers. A set of design lessons were identified as a result of the field tests and materialized in five mobile ticketing design dimensions, constituting important contributions to the design of future mobile ticketing services. Anda was commercially deployed in the AMP in 2018 and is used by thousands of passengers every day. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Due to the wide variety of urban passenger transport; the terms, types and capacity of buses are the main parameters that will be denoted in this study, the question here arises as to whether this diversity affects the throughput of bus stop point capacity. The studies of the traffic intensity of urban passenger transport, at fifteen stopping points, made it possible to give an idea of: The number of fixed-path minibus changes over time and not obeying the movement regularity with other types of urban passenger transport. Where that indicates the influence of an economic factor associated only to make a profit. The intensity of urban passenger transport through the bus stopping point shows the dominance of route minibus on it, and it that consider the main cause of congestion at the stop points; the movement of various types of urban passenger transport through the stopping point is carried out in a random order, it also causes congestion, too. Purpose. Analysis of factors affecting the capacity of a bus stop point for urban passenger transport. Methodology in the article, economic-mathematical methods, and also statistical methods of the analysis were used. Results. The most important parameters showing some aspects of carrying out the analysis of public transport movement operations at stop points are received. Practical implications. The results obtained should be considered while planning and manage the movement of urban passenger transport.

Introduction. One of the quality indicators of urban passenger transport services is regularity of route vehicles, which directly depends on a well-designed schedule. An urgent task is to optimize urban passenger transport schedule in response to the improvement in passenger service quality. The purpose of this work is to develop alignment technique of time intervals between consecutive vehicles of different routes on duplicate sections and efficiency assessment of its application.Materials and methods. Optimization technique includes some steps: analysis of public transport network, determining a lot of duplicate sections and their characteristics, calculation the optimal time intervals among arrivals of route vehicles and alignment this intervals among consecutive route vehicles on duplicate sections, analysis of the quality of adjusted schedule of route vehicles and calculating the effect. The simulation model of urban passenger transport within simulation modelling system GPSS World is realized. It allows testing optimization technique of route vehicle scheduling.Conclusions. Adjusting technique of urban passenger transport schedule allows to increase movement steadiness of consecutive vehicles of different routes on duplicate sections, adjust traffic intervals for each route, shorten the traffic load on stations, reducing idle time and queue lengths of route vehicles in front of transport stops and also minimize waiting time for route vehicle by those passengers, who can be transported along several routes.Application. The described technique was tasted in the existing transport network of Gomel.Value. The obtained optimization results can be used by carriers and transport operators to improve the quality of services provided.

The article presents the implementation in the Omsk region of the project "Safe and high-quality roads," which is currently being implemented in variousregions of Russia. Studies included the developmentand implementation of programs for the development of roads and municipalities, bringing the urban agglomeration network into a normative transport and operational state, eliminating the congestion of the urban agglomeration road network, including by transferring passenger traffic to public transport, optimizing traffic flows, and improving the efficiency of the traffic management system.To this end, a number of surveys of passenger and traffic flows have been carried out. The results of the surveys formed the basis of the transport model, through which programs were developed to optimize the route and transport networks of agglomerate cities. A proposal wasmade to use a survey of public transport drivers to obtain competent opinions on the need for appropriate changes and improvements.

Sustainable and efficient functioning of urban passenger transport, on the one hand, is one of the most important elements of socio-economic infrastructure, and on the other - one of the conditions for improving the quality of life of the population. The author considers the trends in the development of passenger transport in the regions. The main problems of functioning of the passenger market and directions of its development are also highlighted.

INTRODUCTION: When compared to traditional ticketing systems, mobile ticketing has several advantages, allowing ubiquitous and remote access to payments, avoiding queues and replacing notes and coins. It also allows service providers to reduce their costs and achieve operational and productivity gains. However, while some cities have implemented mobile ticketing solutions on their public transport network, the adoption of such services appears to have limited success. The causes that lead to such a low rate of use of the service are still unknown.OBJECTIVES: This paper presents an in-depth study of the reasons that lead mobile ticketing customers to adopt or abandon this type of service and establishes a series of strategies to attract and retain customers.METHODS: It uses the city of Porto, Portugal, as an illustrative example, where a mobile ticketing solution, called Anda, was launched. Customer complaints related to 6 months of using Anda were analysed and usability tests were carried out with real customers in the context of use.RESULTS: This analysis allowed to identify a series of factors that lead people to adopt or abandon this type of services. Then, a series of strategies were defined and identified that allow to capture and retain mobile ticketing customers during the various stages of the mobile ticketing lifecycle: user onboarding, user engagement, user retention and user reinstall. For each of the stages of this life cycle, the main concerns to be considered were also listed, a series of tactics were defined to reverse the abandonment trend and a series of KPIs were specified to measure the efficiency of the strategies. CONCLUSION: This paper fills an important research gap in the literature, being very useful in shaping future strategies for successful mobile ticketing solutions.

At the moment, urban passenger transport takes the first place in terms of demand for transport among the population, but despite this, they have many problems and disadvantages. In many cities of the Russian Federation, due to the increase in the level of labor and business activity, the population has an increased need for travel. All this leads to a rapid increase in the demand for movement, both in terms of quantity (volume of traffic) and quality (comfort, safety and reliability of transport). Comprehensive approaches and measures are needed to solve problems. The article examines the main directions of the future development of urban passenger transport. The research is based on the method of survey of transport mobility of the population, which allows forming strategies for the development of urban passenger transport. A list of necessary measures to improve the efficiency of urban passenger transport is proposed.

The object of the study is the effect of the downtime of vehicles at stopping points on the duration of the route between passengers within the transport hub. As a controllable parameter that determines the conditions for synchronizing the presence of vehicles at stopping points and reproduces the characteristic effect on the weighted average time spent by passengers in transport hubs, the time of additional service downtime of vehicles is allocated. The simulation modeling and processing of the results obtained made it possible to establish the characteristic patterns of changes in the time spent by passengers in transport hubs for two types of routes with different volumes of passenger arrivals, the proportion of inter-route transfers and the interval of movement. It was found that for routes with scheduled arrivals more than 40 passengers and the specific gravity of inter-route transfers up to 45 %, the introduction of additional service downtime does not allow a positive effect on the duration of the stay of passengers in transport hubs. The implementation of service downtime is advisable for routes with an average volume of regular arrivals of passengers (up to 40 passengers) and a specific weight of inter-route transfers of more than 45 %. For such conditions, the regularities are described by a third-degree polynomial with the available characteristic period, which minimizes the function of the time spent by passengers. On the basis of the conducted experimental studies, it has been established that for routes with a specific gravity of a change from 45 % to 59 %, it is advisable to have a service downtime in the range of 1 minute up to 3 minutes, and for routes with a transfer rate of more than 59 % – within 2 minutes up to 5 minutes. The use of service downtime will increase the effectiveness of the synchronization of inter-route transfers in conditions of stochastic traffic and reduce the time spent by passengers in the transport interchange hub by 0.9–3.9 minutes (14–38 %) in comparison with the existing organization of interaction between the subjects of the route flow. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Millions of people use public transport on a daily basis. Although most public transport systems use traditional ticketing approaches, based on tickets and smartcards, there are already ticketing alternatives based on smartphones. Most of the mobile ticketing solutions developed and available in the market use technologies such as Near Field Communication (NFC) or Quick Response Codes (QR Codes), and there are practically no studies on the use of Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE) for this purpose. This paper focuses on assessing the feasibility of using BLE beacons for mobile ticketing in urban passenger transport. The study was conducted during the development of a mobile ticketing solution for the Metropolitan Area of Porto (AMP) that takes advantage of the Bluetooth technology present on the passengers' smartphones. It uses BLE beacons to track the passengers' trips from the start to the end, as part of an implementation of a check-in/be-out system. This solution was implemented as a prototype to be tested in the AMP and all the tests performed were made during the course of a pilot test of this prototype. The study consisted of a set of technical tests related with beacons signal monitoring and the gathering and analysis of passengers' feedback who participated in a four months pilot test. The results obtained suggest that the BLE technology is feasible for mobile ticketing in urban passenger transport. The paper also presents the various available deployment alternatives, identifies the main problems found and proposes solutions to solve them, filling an important research gap in the literature.

The article is dedicated to the multi agent approach for urban public transport dispatch system to organize priority transfer management, based on interaction with traffic lights control system. The article deals with the issue of urban passenger transport priority transfer of signalized intersections. Priority transfer management algorithm developed by the authors based on interaction of traffic lights control and public transport dispatch systems. The authors considered the role of agents in interaction process of traffic lights control and public transport dispatch systems for implementation of the buses priority passage. Criterion for decision making taking into account savings and loses of time of all participants of traffic at the intersection. The results of simulation modelling of priority public transport passage a signalized intersection are presented

Introduction. The problems of congestion, ecology, and road safety in most of Russia’s major cities have been accumulated in the paper. Strategic planning documents aimed at updating the gene plan, improving the transport and route network, improving traffic safety, improving environmental performance and accessibility for people with disabilities are sent for such important problems solution. The paper presents the results of the scientific research conducted in large cities of Russia. Moreover, the review of the literature is presented, and the achievements of foreign science are taken into account.Materials and methods. Modern approaches to improving the system of public transport are given, the efficiency of high-speed transport modes, the organization of transport services for the disabled and low-mobility groups, traffic safety, ecology, and the implementation of the “Transport Strategy of the Russian Federation until 2030” are approved. As a criterion for the efficiency of improving the transport infrastructure, the level of its loading by various modes of transport is used.Results. The problems of influence of the city form on the formation of the transport frame, of the density of settlement and of the efficiency of urban development are considered. New methods of predicting the transport demand of the population, the level of the transport systems’ development and assessing accessibility are proposed. Therefore, the developed algorithms and recommendations for reducing the volume of transport infrastructure helps to improve its performance and availability. Such effect is achieved through the redistribution of transport and passenger flows between different modes of transport.Discussion and conclusion. The authors comes to the conclusion that it is necessary to improve the regulatory and methodological base of the transport industry constantly, improving the performance of the transport infrastructure of modern cities.

The article presents the implementation in the Omsk region of the project "Safe and high-quality roads," which is currently being implemented in various regions of Russia. Studies included the development and implementation of programs for the development of roads and municipalities, bringing the urban agglomeration network into a normative transport and operational state, eliminating the congestion of the urban agglomeration road network, including by transferring passenger traffic to public transport, optimizing traffic flows, and improving the efficiency of the traffic management system. To this end, a number of surveys of passenger and traffic flows have been carried out. The results of the surveys formed the basis of the transport model, through which programs were developed to optimize the route and transport networks of agglomerate cities. A proposal was made to use a survey of public transport drivers to obtain competent opinions on the need for appropriate changes and improvements. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article discusses the existing problems of implementation of innovative technologies for informing passengers. The definition of information availability is proposed, in terms of the level and quality of life of the population, as well as classification of means of passenger urban public land social transport. The target audience using services of the urban system of passengers informing is identified, the existing improvement projects are reviewed and evaluated. The assessment of possible options of stopping points equipment by means of informing is provided. The technique for determining the target stopping points for their equipping with informing means.

The problem of choosing buses of different carrying capacity while simultaneously using them on regular urban routes is considered. The indicators that affect the selection of the rolling stock are analyzed. Methods for constructing models, which allow calculating the number of buses of different classes for one city route are proposed. The implementation of the constructed models will make it possible to obtain the savings in capital expenditures, as well as reduce the operational costs of an enterprise.

One of the quality indicators of the transport service in passenger transport is the regularity of the movement of vehicles. Apart from the planned traffic intervals, it depends on a number of factors related to the traffic conditions of the public transport in the locality (intensity and composition of the traffic flow, passenger traffic structure, traffic lights regime, atmospheric conditions, etc.). The paper assesses the regularity of mass urban passenger transport traffic in the conditions of the city of Ruse, Bulgaria, by probing the estimation of the arrival intervals of the means of transport at the stops along a given route. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This research paper considers the issue of multi-criteria selection of urban public passenger transport (UPPT) subsystems by a social community, where possible solutions are as follows: (1) implementation of a new one, (2) replacement of the existing with a new one, (3) keeping the existing UPPT subsystem. In order to reach the specific solution for this issue, a new algorithm is proposed, which is heuristic, three phased and relatively simple. The aim of the algorithm is to choose the UPPT subsystem between possible options in the specific traffic corridor. To test the algorithm, the 'Beovoz' case study was made, which includes the analysis of six options of the UPPT subsystem (four of which with railway technology), from which stood out the following alternatives2: bus and railway. The conclusion is that the railway can be used in a modern city, however only for high-volume traffic corridors. The bus subsystem can be used in corridors with lower volume and those that supplement the railway.

The stable improvement of the quality and social efficiency of urban passenger transport systems is unthinkable without the implementation of Intelligent Transport Systems. The benefits of adopting such systems are indisputable. The world's major metropolises use this technology to successfully develop their transport systems and provide integrated and improved systems with the purpose of ensuring high quality service for their customers. Intelligent Transport Systems offer more information to their customers and all interested parties, provide users with faster, more accessible, more secure and high-quality transport services, cleaner air, larger coordination and cooperation. Their adoption makes cities more independent and more economically competitive. All of this raises the ever-growing need for the so-called “intelligently organized” public decisions which are simultaneously effective and stable and can generate economic prosperity and social welfare. Our country lags in the use of IT technology in comparison to other European countries; nevertheless, it should be acknowledged that the first few projects of this type have already been realized and some of these systems are already running. Adopting an entire integrated and coordinated Intelligent Transport System will coordinate the fulfillment of city of Sofia’s need for Security, Mobility and Stability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the paper presented the results of analytical modeling of the passengers waiting time at the transit stops for possible options of organization of vehicles functioning on urban routes at the interval method of passenger service.

Urban passenger transport significantly contributes to global greenhouse gas emissions, especially in developing countries owing to the rapid motorization, thus making it an important target for carbon reduction. This article established a method to estimate and analyze carbon emission from urban passenger transport including cars, rail transit, taxis and buses. The scope of research was defined based on car registration area, transport types and modes, the stages of rail transit energy consumption. The data availability and gathering were fully illustrated. A city level emission model for the aforementioned four modes of passenger transport was formulated, and parameters including emission factor of electricity and fuel efficiency were tailored according to local situations such as energy structure and field survey. The results reveal that the emission from Beijing’s urban passenger transport in 2012 stood at 15 million tonnes of CO 2 , of which 75.5% was from cars, whereas car trip sharing constitutes only 42.5% of the total residential trips. Bus travel, yielding 28.6 g CO 2 , is the most efficient mode of transport under the current situations in terms of per passenger kilometer (PKM) emission, whereas car or taxi trips emit more than 5 times that of bus trips. Although a decrease trend appears, Beijing still has potential for further carbon reduction in passenger transport field in contrast to other cities in developed countries. Development of rail transit and further limitation on cars could assist in reducing 4.39 million tonnes CO 2 emission. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With rapid growth of the vehicle population, urban passenger transport in China is largely responsible for increases in energy consumption, greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, and also atmospheric pollutants (NO x , CO, HC, PM). In this paper, we first develop an urban passenger transport energy saving and emission reduction potential evaluation model using the “Long Range Energy Alternatives Planning (LEAP)” tool; and then take Tianjin city as an empirical case to evaluate the reduction potential of final energy consumption, GHG emissions and pollutants emissions of Tianjin’s urban passenger transport sector between 2010 and 2040 under four scenarios, i.e. BAU (business as usual) scenario, PP (the 12th five-year plan policy) scenario, CP (comprehensive policy) scenario and HP (hybrid policy of PP and CP) scenario. The results show that due to the public transport promotion, energy consumption and CO 2 emissions in 2040 can be reduced by 22% and 22.6% in the PP scenario, compared to BAU. The largest reductions in energy consumption, CO 2 and atmospheric pollutants emissions can be achieved under CP scenario, in which vehicle population regulation is the most effective to be implemented. Emissions standard regulation is the most effective measure to reduce atmospheric pollutant emissions in all the scenarios and green energy promotion is especially effective to reduce NO x and PM. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this study was to propose a quality stepwise model for the urban passenger transport sector for the province of Concepción, Chile, in order to certify the degree of development of quality management practices of transport companies through a seal of quality. The methodology considered the review and analysis of models of quality management, Quality stepwise models, technical standards for quality management systems and transportation systems available in the literature. The main results were a quality stepwise model consisting of four quality level organized by an ascending degree of quality requirement and of regulatory requirements. The model provides an implementation methodology organized and coherent to indicate a path to guide the improvement of business management skills in urban passenger transport, with public recognition, through the delivery of a quality seal that recognizes the level reached by a company and that can be implemented by a public or private entity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]