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This paper explores isomorphic patterns in social work group supervision and social work practice through the lens of the psychoanalytical concept of parallel process and Bion's theory of learning from experience. Empirical data from group supervision sessions are presented, and a link is theorised between sessions characterised by high levels of anxiety and the presence of parallel process, whereby 'unthought' anxiety provoking phenomena described in social workers' practice appear to be repeated in supervision. Implications for supervision practice and social work more broadly are then discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In 1927, the nascent Turkish Republic engaged in its first endeavor as a nation-state to systematically account for all its citizens. Included on this census were a number of different attributes the Turkish government wanted to know about its citizenry, including language. In the Turkish context, examining the language categories on the census between 1927 and 1965 and how – they changed over time – provides insight into how the new republic was imagining its citizenry (and by extension, itself). The dynamic nature of the language categories not only reflected an ambiguity that the nascent nation-state had regarding what constituted salient ethnolinguistic category for governing purposes, it also reflected the realization and subsequent politicization of minoritized populations over time. After examining the history of the development of the Turkish census, the article outlines the use of running records like censuses to provide insight into how state apparatuses were creating taxonomies to realize (or visualize) its citizenry and the value of utilizing such unobtrusive measures in Durkheimian social facts such as those who are "Us" and those who are "Other". This article then situates the census data in its geographical context and demonstrates how the delineation of historic parts of the country that were settled by non-Turkish communities were ones that were then later demarcated into smaller administrative borders, allowing for closer government and military oversight. While this article is an exploratory case study of the Turkish census as part of its state building process, I contend that looking at how language categories were used in the 1927–1965 censuses provides insight into the nature of the Turkish government's imaginings regarding its citizenry. In particular, the use of language data as a proxy for ethnicity was concomitant with processes of internal border demarcation that was taking place to increase government oversight in particular non-Turkish contexts, resulting in a "new" form of minoritization and marginalization in the Turkish Republic. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A principal goal of attention research is to develop tasks with clear behavioral signatures of attentional fluctuations. Measures that index attentional states often fall under two broad umbrellas: decision tasks, in which participants make responses based on the changing requirements of each trial, and rhythm tasks, in which participants respond rhythmically to a uniform stimulus (e.g., a metronome tone). In the former, response speeding typically precedes errors (indicative of attention failures). In the latter, increased response variability precedes subjective reports of off-task states. We developed and validated the rhythmic visual response task (RVRT); a rhythm task incorporating trial-unique scene stimuli. The RVRT incorporates two important advances from both task categories: (1) it is free from the influence that differential decision-making has on fluctuations in attentional states, and (2) trial-unique stimuli enable later cognitive judgments to be mapped to specific moments in the task. These features allow a relatively unobtrusive measure of mind wandering that facilitates the downstream assessment of its consequences. Participants completed 900 trials of the RVRT, interrupted periodically by thought probes that assessed their attentional state. We found that both response time variance and speed predicted depth of mind wandering. Encouraged by these findings, we used the same analysis approach on archival data to demonstrate that the combination of variance and speed best predicted attentional states in several rhythm and decision task datasets. We discuss the implications of these findings and suggest future research that uses the RVRT to investigate the impact of spontaneous mind wandering on memory, decision-making, and perception. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Community health workers (CHW) are an integral part of primary health care re-engineering in South Africa. Cape Town is developing community-orientated primary care, with a central role for CHWs. Their role in human immunodeficiency virus, tuberculosis, maternal and child health has been articulated, but is less clear for non-communicable diseases (NCDs). Non-communicable diseases are now a major contributor to the burden of disease. The aim was to explore the current role of CHWs regarding NCDs in the Eastern sub-district of Cape Town, South Africa. Methods: An exploratory descriptive qualitative study made use of non-participant observation and qualitative interviews with CHWs, their managers, and nurse coordinators. Data from nine semi-structured interviews and ten observations were analysed with the framework method and Atlas-ti. Results: The CHWs were embedded in their communities and provided services via support groups, household visits and delivery of medication. They linked people to care with assistance of nurse coordinators. They could also provide physical care in the home. They lacked the ability to counsel people on the risk factors for NCDs and their role in rehabilitation and palliative care was unclear. More nurse coordinators were needed to provide supportive supervision. Inter-sectoral collaboration was weak and hindered CHWs from addressing social issues. More standardised and comprehensive training should equip CHWs for health promotion and disease prevention during household visits. Data collected in the community needed to be analysed, reported on and integrated with data from the primary care facility. This should also contribute to a community diagnosis. Their relationship with facility-based members of the primary health care team needed to be improved. Attention needed to be given to the requirements for and conditions of employment, as well as working hours and remuneration. Some equipment was absent and hindered their services for NCDs. Conclusions: CHWs have the potential to provide a comprehensive approach to NCDs, but community-orientated primary care needs to be strengthened in many of the key areas to support their activities. In relation to NCDs, they need training in basic and brief behaviour change counselling and risk factors as well as in the areas of rehabilitation and palliative care. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article discusses the characteristics of enabling and autism-friendly environments and outlines how one community co-enacted research to become autism-friendly. The project was a co-production between members of the autistic and autism communities and local business/service members. Data collected during this participatory action research to develop a set of principles for autism-friendliness were analyzed to ensure the resulting principles could meet the needs of the local autistic community and be realistically applied by varied businesses. Through the exploration of literature, the lived experiences of members of the local community and the use of walk-through observations by two autistic research assistants, the SERVICE principles were developed. A website ( was co-developed to showcase the principles and provide examples of how to apply them to any environment and/or work practices to become more autism-friendly for low or no-cost. This article discusses the development of the principles and the co-production process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

How do people establish and maintain cultural fit with an organization? Prior research has offered two perspectives that have heretofore been conceptually disconnected. One focuses on personal values, whereas another emphasizes perceptions of the cultural code. We develop a theoretical account that integrates these approaches by linking them to distinct mechanisms and behavioral consequences of cultural fit. We propose that value congruence—the match between one’s values and those that prevail in an organization—relates to the mechanism of group attachment and shapes behavior when one periodically steps back from day-to-day interactions, assesses one’s identification with an organization, and determines whether to stay or voluntarily depart. In contrast, we argue that perceptual congruence—the degree to which one implicitly understands an organization’s prevailing values and norms—relates to the mechanism of interpersonal coordination and influences behavior when one engages in routine peer interactions. Accordingly, we theorize that these two forms of cultural fit relate to distinct behaviors, voluntary exit and linguistic conformity with peers, respectively. Drawing on email and survey data from a midsized technology firm, we find support for our theory and discuss the implications of our findings for research on person-culture fit, dual-process models of culture and cognition, and the pairing of surveys with digital trace data. Funding: This work was supported by the Berkeley Culture Center, the Cortese Distinguished Chair in Management, the Grether Chair of Business Administration and Public Policy.

Background: Hand hygiene and its significance for reducing the spread of infection is well evidenced and has been brought into sharp focus following the COVID-19 pandemic. Although a crucial clinical skill in ensuring safe healthcare, little is known regarding nursing students' effectiveness of hand hygiene practice. Aim: The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of an educational intervention on hand hygiene practice, designed by the research team for first year pre-registration nursing students. Particular emphasis was placed upon hand drying technique and time. Methodology: 825 nursing students were observed and assessed for their hand hygiene practice in a clinical suite at a university setting. Nursing students were observed for compliance against set outcome measures involving hand hygiene preparation, hand and wrist washing technique, hand drying technique and time. Data were analysed quantitatively using SPSS. Results: The educational intervention had a significant impact on the clinical skills learning of nursing students. 779 students passed the assessment at the first attempt (94.4%). Of the 46 students that failed to meet the necessary criteria, 45 satisfied the criteria at the second attempt; giving an overall optimal compliance of 99.9%. 99.6% of students complied with recommended hand drying standards. Conclusion: This study offers an important contribution to the development and delivery of nursing education programmes. The educational intervention improved compliance with recommended hand hygiene technique and practice. Lack of attention to hand drying may negate effective hand hygiene in healthcare. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Specialty palliative care interdisciplinary teams (IDT) can play an important role in supporting patients and family members during acute care decision-making. Despite guidelines and evidence emphasizing decision-making support as a key domain of specialty palliative care, little is known about how decision-making support is actually implemented by specialty palliative care IDTs. This study aims to (1) describe the structure and processes of inpatient decision-making support delivered by specialty palliative care IDT, and (2) examine the perspectives of IDT members on their role in this decision-support. Methods: A team of clinician and non-clinician researchers will conduct non-participant observation ethnography at a single medical center in northern New England. The ethnography will focus on the work of IDT members in supporting decision making, particularly elements of specialty palliative care that have limited descriptions in the literature (e.g. systems and processes of care). Observations of formal and informal interactions between IDT members and clinical encounters will be conducted at one site over four months. Participants include patients, care partners, non-specialty palliative care providers, and specialty palliative care IDT members. Additionally, we will conduct semi-structured interviews with IDT members across three geographically diverse specialty palliative care teams across the United States to explore providers' first-person perspective on their roles and function in decision-making support for hospitalized patients. Field notes and transcripts from observation and interviews will be uploaded to Dedoose software for management and thematic analysis following an inductive approach. Discussion: To our knowledge, this will be the first observational study of the roles of interdisciplinary specialty palliative care teams. Results from this research will support further investigation into implementation of decision-making support across different types of medical teams. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This research study aimed to develop a substantial model of how individuals with depression engage in daily life and redevelop social participation by addressing the psychological flexibility of social participation among 19 outpatient Thai adults with depression from their perspective. The constant comparative method was used to analyze 34 interview transcripts with nonparticipatory observation notes. The results consist of three correlated categories, namely, realizing the meaning of coexistence, challenging social participation, and committing to sustained social participation. Experience of depression might affect family and community participation; thus, the first category was understood to promote a flexible attitude and sustain performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

How do people establish and maintain cultural fit with an organization? Prior research has offered two perspectives that have heretofore been conceptually disconnected. One focuses on personal values, whereas another emphasizes perceptions of the cultural code. We develop a theoretical account that integrates these approaches by linking them to distinct mechanisms and behavioral consequences of cultural fit. We propose that value congruence—the match between one's values and those that prevail in an organization—relates to the mechanism of group attachment and shapes behavior when one periodically steps back from day-to-day interactions, assesses one's identification with an organization, and determines whether to stay or voluntarily depart. In contrast, we argue that perceptual congruence—the degree to which one implicitly understands an organization's prevailing values and norms—relates to the mechanism of interpersonal coordination and influences behavior when one engages in routine peer interactions. Accordingly, we theorize that these two forms of cultural fit relate to distinct behaviors, voluntary exit and linguistic conformity with peers, respectively. Drawing on email and survey data from a midsized technology firm, we find support for our theory and discuss the implications of our findings for research on person-culture fit, dual-process models of culture and cognition, and the pairing of surveys with digital trace data. Funding: This work was supported by the Berkeley Culture Center, the Cortese Distinguished Chair in Management, the Grether Chair of Business Administration and Public Policy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We aimed to explore stroke rehabilitation professionals' understanding and representations of peer support; the benefits they anticipated for patients; and the levers and barriers they perceived to implement the intervention in their practice. This qualitative study comprised four focus groups with 21 rehabilitation professionals and four semi-structured interviews. It was held in a French hospital. Interpretation was guided by the Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research. Although professionals had poor knowledge on peer support, they identified many unmet needs of stroke survivors that peer support could meet such as social, emotional and informational support. Main barriers were the lack of human and financial resources, and of linkage between hospital and community professionals, and the fear that peer support would give false hope to survivors if not delivered properly. They showed ambivalence towards patient engagement, acknowledging its importance, but demonstrating top-down attitudes. They also identified potential avenues for the implementation of peer support for stroke survivors. Our study supports the necessity to involve professionals in the construction of peer-support interventions and to sensitise them to provide patient-centred care. It delivers insights on effective implementation strategies to develop peer support interventions for stroke survivors reintegrating the community. Stroke survivors experience many difficulties especially when transitioning from hospital to home, in which peer-support could be helpful. Success of peer-support interventions rely on the collaboration of healthcare professionals with peer supporters. Individual peer-support might be useful for stroke survivors in the following key dimensions: healthcare pathway orientation, social/administrative procedures, emotional support, informational support, informal caregivers support. Rehabilitation departments planning to implement individual peer-support, should consider supporting and training both the team and the peer-supporters to work together and adopt partnership postures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The end of life and death have changed from being issues managed within the family, assumed as part of life, to occur within health institutions for the majority of patients. The amount of patients dying at home has decreased, and the roles of families and communities in death and dying have become involuted, threatening related traditions and knowledge. As a result, a need to promote the end of life at home in this new self-serving society has arisen. In that context, the main objective of this study was to find out what patients and their families need during the end-of-life process in order to feel effectively accompanied at this time. Methods: With that objective, a descriptive qualitative study was conducted via the content analysis of data from semi-structured interviews and focus groups. This research adhered to the COREQ guidelines. The sample consisted of 36 informants selected via intentional sampling of family members and patients integrated into the Comprehensive Palliative Care Process (PAI Paliativos). Results: The results suggest the existence of several common needs such as communication and presence, including the conspiracy of silence as an important factor generating suffering for both. However, there are specific needs such as autonomy, dignity, and respect for patients, which must be taken into account. Conclusions: The results of this study will allow us to establish intervention strategies for effective accompaniment of patients' family members at the end of life and the avoidance of ethnocentrism in this process. This study was retrospectively registered with the (nursrep-1194226) on the (21 April 2023). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study investigated the impact of work-integrated learning (WIL) experiences for Technical and Vocational Education and Training (TVET) lecturers on their industry expertize and teaching skills. WIL was introduced to address the inadequate work experience of TVET lecturers and improve their capacity to deliver quality teaching. The study used face-to-face semi-structured interviews with 18 TVET lecturers to explore their WIL experiences. Non-participant observation was also conducted to validate findings from interviews. Kolb's experiential learning theory, Shulman's Teaching framework and the soft skills theory by Ibrahim et al. underpinned the study. Data were analyzed using thematic analysis. The study showed that WIL enhanced lecturers' ability to integrate theory with practice and provide effective teaching. Lecturers acquired a deep understanding of pedagogical content knowledge, soft skills, and awareness of workplace culture. Future studies focusing on a variety of trades for lecturers are recommended. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: We use a set of unobtrusive measures to estimate subjectively reported trust, mental workload, and situation awareness (henceforth "TWSA"). Background: Subjective questionnaires are commonly used to assess human cognitive states. However, they are obtrusive and usually impractical to administer during operations. Measures derived from actions operators take while working (which we call "embedded measures") have been proposed as an unobtrusive way to obtain TWSA estimates. Embedded measures have not been systematically investigated for each of TWSA, which prevents their operational utility. Methods: Fifteen participants completed twelve trials of spaceflight-relevant tasks while using a simulated autonomous system. Embedded measures of TWSA were obtained during each trial and participants completed TWSA questionnaires after each trial. Statistical models incorporating our embedded measures were fit with various formulations, interaction effects, and levels of personalization to understand their benefits and improve model accuracy. Results: The stepwise algorithm for building statistical models usually included embedded measures, which frequently corresponded to an intuitive increase or decrease in reported TWSA. Embedded measures alone could not accurately capture an operator's cognitive state, but combining the measures with readily observable task information or information about participants' backgrounds enabled the models to achieve good descriptive fit and accurate prediction of TWSA. Conclusion: Statistical models leveraging embedded measures of TWSA can be used to accurately estimate responses on subjective questionnaires that measure TWSA. Application: Our systematic approach to investigating embedded measures and fitting models allows for cognitive state estimation without disrupting tasks when administering questionnaires would be impractical. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of African Journal of Reproductive Health is the property of Women's Health & Action Research Centre and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista Electrónica de Psicología Iztacala is the property of Facultad de Estudios Superiores Iztacala and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Objective: To explore clinicians' use and perceptions of interdisciplinary communication pathways for escalating care within the pre-medical emergency team (pre-MET) tier of rapid response systems. Method: A sequential mixed-methods study was conducted using observations and interviews. Participants were clinicians (nurses, allied health, doctors) caring for orthopaedic and general medicine patients at one hospital. Descriptive and thematic analyses were conducted. Results: Escalation practices were observed for 13 of 27 pre-MET events. Leading communication methods for escalating pre-MET events were alphanumeric pagers (61.5%) and in-person discussions (30.8%). Seven escalated pre-MET events led to bedside pre-MET reviews by doctors. Clinician interviews (n = 29) culminated in two themes: challenges in escalation of care, and navigating information gaps. Clinicians reported deficiencies in communication methods for escalating care that hindered interdisciplinary communication and clinical decision-making pertaining to pre-MET deterioration. Conclusion: Policy-defined escalation pathways were inconsistently utilised for pre-MET deterioration. Available communication methods for escalating pre-MET events inadequately fulfilled clinicians' needs. Variable perceptions of escalation pathways illuminated a lack of of a shared mental model about clinicians' roles and responsibilities. To optimise timely and appropriate management of patient deterioration, communication infrastructure and interdisciplinary collaboration must be enhanced. What is known about the topic? To promote earlier recognition of, and response to, deteriorating ward patients, Australian rapid response systems include a pre-medical emergency team (pre-MET) tier. Escalation pathways within the pre-MET tier are poorly understood. What does this paper add? Policy-defined escalation pathways were inconsistently utilised. Clinicians identified deficiencies in communication methods (e.g. alphanumeric pagers) for escalating pre-MET deterioration. Perceptions of escalation pathways illuminated a lack of of a shared mental model about clinicians' roles and responsibilities. What are the implications for practitioners? To optimise the management of pre-MET deterioration, ward-based communication infrastructure and interdisciplinary collaboration must be enhanced. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

National mental health policies accentuate the importance of having positive attitudes, skills, and knowledge among mental health professionals to facilitate recovery‐oriented practices in all areas of mental health care. However, evidence suggests that mental health professionals' negative attitudes towards mental illness are still evident and that recovery‐oriented practice in acute inpatient units may be poorly implemented. At the same time, there is also a paucity of research to understand Mental Health Nurses' attitudes towards mental illness and recovery‐oriented practice specifically. Therefore, this non‐participant observation study aimed to explore Mental Health Nurses' attitudes towards mental illness and recovery‐oriented practice in acute inpatient units by observing the interactions between the consumers and nurses. The Mental Illness Clinicians Attitudes Scale‐v4 and The Recovery Attitudes Questionnaire inspired the development of a non‐participant observation chart for this study and the observations were recorded on the chart. Six observations were conducted in three acute inpatient units. Observations focused on Mental Health Nurses' knowledge about mental illness, communication, dignity, respect, anxiety, fear, punishment, facilitation of real choices for consumers, physical care, cooperation with consumers' families and others and recovery orientation. Interpretive descriptive analysis was used to analyse the data. The results show that Mental Health Nurses generally have positive attitudes towards mental illness and recovery‐oriented practice. Some deficits in the physical care of people with mental illness in the acute inpatient units were observed. Therefore, future research could address the adequate preparation of Mental Health Nurses to provide physical care to people with mental illnesses. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To understand how materiality affects patient and public involvement (PPI) for commissioning and leading health and care services in the English National Health Service (NHS) context. Context: From April 2013 groups of general practitioners (GPs) became members of NHS clinical commissioning groups (CCGs) to assess needs and procure core health services for and with local communities. Since July 2022, integrated care systems (ICSs) have subsumed this responsibility. NHS reorganisations have been driven by the promise of more effective and efficient health care and have led to a long history of PPI on economic, political, and moral grounds. Few studies researching PPI in clinical commissioning exist and fewer still have explored a more agentic understanding of materiality and its impact on PPI. Study Design: A focused ethnography was used to examine PPI for clinical commissioning within two CCG case study sites in England. Three CCG Governing Body lay representatives, nine GP commissioners and seven service user representatives took part in focus groups and/or were interviewed. Fifteen nonparticipant observations were also carried out at CCG meetings and the associated materiality was examined. Findings: The materiality of activities involved in clinical commissioning influences and shapes the nature of PPI. These forms of materiality may dilute and subvert meaningful engagement and involvement that relies on trust, leadership, learning, and partnership working. Conclusion: System leaders in ICSs should consider the significance of materiality in centrally driven processes involved in PPI commissioning to reduce barriers and ensure meaningful partnerships within local communities. Patient and Public Contribution: The study design ensured PPI throughout the research process in keeping with contemporary research practice guidance. The project steering committee included service users with current or recent PPI clinical commissioning experience outside of the study sites. There was PPI involvement in the original study proposal and its development including the bid for doctoral funds on which this study is based. All were involved in assessing the rigour of the data collection, interpretation of the findings and ensuring the project remained true to the aims of the study. Two members have also participated in presentation of the study findings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: To describe the frequencies of physiologic monitor clinical alarms and to investigate nurses' perceptions and practices regarding clinical alarms in ICUs. Design: A descriptive study. Methods: A 24‐h continuous nonparticipant observation study was conducted in ICU. Observers observed and recorded the occurrence time, detail information when electrocardiogram monitor alarms triggered. And a cross‐sectional study was conducted among ICU nurses by convenience sampling, using the general information questionnaire and the Chinese version of clinical alarms survey questionnaire for medical devices. Data analysis was performed using SPSS 23. Results: A total of 13,829 physiologic monitor clinical alarms were recorded in 14‐day observation and 1191 ICU nurses responded to the survey. Most nurses agreed or strongly agreed the sensitivity to alarms and responded quickly (81.28%), smart alarm systems (74.56%), alarm notification systems (72.04%) and set up alarm administrators (59.45%) were useful to improve alarm management, while frequent nuisance alarms disrupted patients care (62.47%) and reduced nurses' trust in alarms (49.03%), environmental noise interfered with nurses' recognition of the alarms (49.12%) and not everyone received education of alarm systems (64.65%). Conclusions: Physiological monitor alarms occur frequently in ICU, and it is necessary to formulate or further optimize alarm management measures. It is recommended to use smart medical devices and alarm notification systems, formulate and implement standardized alarm management policies and norms, and strengthen alarm management education and training, so as to improve the nursing quality and patient safety. Patient or Public Contribution: The patients in the observation study included all patients admitted to the ICU during the observation period. The nurses in the survey study were conveniently selected through an online survey. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To determine, by using a naturalistic experiment resulting from Covid and Cyclones Idai and Kenneth, if a previously completed comprehensive intervention within a Mozambiqian village by the Non-Governmental Organization Care-for-Life (CFL), resulted in community empowerment in the community's response to these disasters, as defined by World Bank. Method: Over a nine-month period, beginning three weeks post-cyclones (November 2019), data were collected using mixed research methods, including in-depth interviews (22), focus group discussions (four), pre–post household surveys, and nonparticipatory observations. Results: Quantitative results demonstrated that the village responded effectively by decreasing disease, increasing sanitation, and providing food security to community members. Using thematic analysis of focus group discussions and interviews, several themes were identified documenting the community's and village leaders' responses. Discussion: This mixed-methods study demonstrated that the comprehensive CFL interventions were effective in empowering community leaders and members, and in building resiliency in responding to disasters. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of EMERG: Energy. Environment. Efficiency. Resources. Globalization is the property of Romanian National Committee of World Energy Council and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Chief Executive Officer (CEO) narcissism has received considerable attention across academia and practitioner-orientated outlets. While the voluminous research stream of CEO narcissism is mostly linked to a dark personality trait, research indicates that humility has the potential to counterbalance the detrimental effects of CEO narcissism. Given the important individual and firm-level outcomes of both constructs, a systematic assessment of how rhetorical elements (i.e., language reflective of a construct) in CEO speech is still missing. We exploit conceptualizations of both constructs as "polar opposites" to derive the dimensions of both constructs and to distinguish them analytically. We further argue that subtle yet observable rhetorical cues reveal important aspects of CEOs' personality inclinations. Our results, based on qualitative documents from publicly available CEO speeches, suggest that CEOs differ in using narcissistic and humility rhetoric. This holds true even if we change the coding scheme (i.e., assessing alleged narcissistic CEOs with humble rhetoric and vice versa). Although alleged humble CEOs use narcissistic rhetoric, indicating a general trend towards confidence-inducing vocabulary and CEO speech, alleged narcissistic CEOs employ more than twice as much narcissistic rhetoric than alleged humble CEOs. Alleged narcissistic CEOs use a third of humility rhetoric as alleged humble CEOs do. Therefore, we conclude that these differences are more likely to stem from CEO personality inclinations. We discuss the value of these unobtrusive measures and warning signs in theory and practice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Premature babies lose four times more heat than those with sufficient birth weight. Moreover, their body temperature regulation center does not function properly. This study aimed to investigate Kangaroo Mother Care's effect in increasing premature babies' thermoregulation during the COVID-19 pandemic at Hospital A in Malang City, Indonesia. This study was a case report with data from follow-up checks on premature babies discharged from the hospital. The Kangaroo Mother Care method, carried out by the mother, increased the thermoregulation of premature babies' temperature by 0.2°C compared to the father. It was because women have a slightly higher body temperature than men. The comfortable body temperature for women was 2.5°C higher than for men. Men had a lower body mass of fat, so it took an average longer time for metabolism. The Kangaroo Mother Care procedure, especially when done by the mother, can increase the body temperature of premature babies by conduction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Although published studies have examined the perceptions of caregivers who are attending to older adults with dementia concerning the values of human dignity and/or autonomy in institutional settings, none have explored the possible differences in actual behavior that relates to these values for caregivers from diverse ethno-cultural backgrounds. Aims: Explore how caregivers with varied cultural backgrounds may differ in their real-time behavior regarding the autonomy and dignity of older adults with dementia and thereby determine whether that real-time behavior reveals new aspects of respect and disrespect for both the autonomy and dignity of those older adults. Research Design and Methods: A qualitative research based on non-participatory observations, was meticulously recorded using a written journal and a rigorous microanalysis to analyze the collected data. We made 58 shift-based observations (morning and evening) of 29 caregivers from 3 ethno-cultural groups working in 3 nursing homes in Israel. These groups included Israeli-born Jews (Sabras), Israeli Arab-Muslims (Arabs), and immigrants from the Former Soviet Union (IFSU). Results: (1) IFSU caregivers demonstrated more respect for autonomy and dignity, but also demonstrated disrespect for these values. (2) the main difference between the IFSU caregivers and other caregiver groups pertained to respect for their autonomy. The main specific facets of autonomy where IFSU caregivers surpassed their colleagues were information provision and persuasion. (3) toward both autonomy and dignity of these older adults, previously unaccounted for in the models we used, were discovered among the varied groups of caregivers, with only minor gaps between these groups. Discussion and Implications: This study—the first of its kind to focus on the real-time behaviors of caregivers from diverse ethno-cultural backgrounds—reveals the potential effects of culture on applying practices related to dignity and autonomy during daily care. The findings may have important implications for caregiver training in multicultural societies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

INTRODUCTION: Human-autonomy teaming is an integral component of civilian and DoD missions. A human must appropriately trust the autonomous system (AS) to collaborate effectively. Historically, trust has been obtrusively obtained via surveys. Because of this limitation, trust is often modeled as static, rather than dynamic, and one-dimensional, rather than having nuance. For example, Cognitive Trust (CT) forms due to rational, logical thinking, whereas Affective Trust (AT) is based on feelings and emotions. CT and AT are two-dimensions of trust. Our goal is to affect CT and AT in participants and obtain survey-based "ground-truth" trust measurements over time, while simultaneously collecting unobtrusive psychophysiological (e.g., skin conductance responses), neurophysiological (e.g., oxygenated hemoglobin), and embedded measures (e.g., button clicks). We can then use these unobtrusive measures as predictors and develop metrics and models that can infer and predict "ground-truth" trust in real-time. METHODS: We developed a space-relevant, humanautonomy teaming task to study multi-dimensional trust. The task was developed using PyQT and displayed on a 2D screen. Participants act as the "supervisor" of their simulated AS teammate in a ground troop monitoring task. The AS receives simulated data captured from ground imaging satellites (e.g., visual and thermal images) and classifies the data as containing troops or not containing troops. The AS then relays the classification and data to the human. The human has the option of agreeing, disagreeing, or ignoring the recommendation of the AS. Throughout the experiment, subjects are compelled to report their trust using a pop-up slider which serves as the "ground-truth". RESULTS: To affect CT, we varied AS "reliability". Reliability is the number of correct classifications the AS makes and is 65\% in the "low reliability" cases or 85\% in the "high reliability" cases. To affect AT, we varied AS "explainability". Explainability is how the AS justifies its classification to the human. "Low explainability" is robotic-like rhetoric, whereas "high explainability" is human-like rhetoric. Our results indicate subject trust in the AS varied with reliability and over time. DISCUSSION: This task is specifically designed to affect multi- dimensional trust when working with an AS. Future work will build models from psychophysiological, neurophysiological, and embedded measures for real-time trust inference and prediction. Learning Objectives 1. Biosignals and embedded measures provide an unobtrusive method of inferring trust. 2. Reliability is known to affect Cognitive Trust. This experiment aims to use robotic or human-like rhetoric to affect Affective Trust as well, which is less studied. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study explored the feasibility of using an experience-based co-design service improvement methodology to develop a new approach to managing multimorbidity in people living with HIV. Patients with HIV and multimorbidity and staff were recruited from five hospital departments and general practice. Staff and patient experiences were gathered through semi-structured interviews, filmed patient interviews, non-participant observation and patient diaries. A composite film developed from interviews illustrated the touchpoints in the patient journey, and priorities for service improvement were identified by staff and patients in focus groups. Twenty-two people living with HIV and 14 staff took part. Four patients completed a diary and 10 a filmed interview. Analysis identified eight touchpoints, and group work pinpointed three improvement priorities: medical records and information sharing; appointment management; and care co-ordination and streamlining. This study demonstrates that experience-based co-design is feasible in the context of HIV and can inform healthcare improvement for people with multimorbidity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this study is to explore how Norwegian female employees experience work-related alcohol use in British working life using cultural analysis. Explorative design with strategic population; in-depth interviews with eight female Norwegian employees working in London, in addition to field observation in two typical 'after-work' pubs in London. The data was analysed through bricolage: themes and subthemes were identified and Hall's theory of high- and low-context cultures and Bourdieu's concepts of capital and field were applied. The pub appeared to be a significant arena for Norwegian female employees in London to adapt to British working culture and work-related drinking. Four main themes emerged: (1) Breaking the code in communication at work, (2) Adjusting to English office 'etiquette' through pub visits, (3) Adhering to pub rules and developing strategies, and (4) Balancing after-work pub culture and family obligations. Navigating British pub culture demands cultural awareness to maintain one's work-related position and career progress, including balancing gender-specific expectations and contextual drinking culture. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Scapular dyskinesis (SD) has been demonstrated in neck pain patients, however reliability of SD test in this population is still lacking. To investigate inter-rater and intra-rater (live versus video) reliability of SD by observation in neck pain patients. Sixty-nine participants with nonspecific neck pain (31.7 ± 14.3 years) were recruited. SD was tested on the ipsilateral side of neck pain during unilateral and bilateral arm elevation. Two examiners categorized SD using two classification systems: simple (yes/no) and specific type (winging, dysrhythmia, mixed abnormality or normal). Video recordings were reviewed by one examiner. For inter-rater reliability, agreement and kappa (κ) values for unilateral test were 94.20%, 0.82 by simple classification and 72.46%, 0.59 by specific type. Agreement and κ values for bilateral test were 91.30%, 0.68 by simple classification and 65.22%, 0.52 by specific type. For intra-rater reliability, agreement and κ values for unilateral test were 92.75%, 0.77 by simple classification and 71.01%, 0.57 by specific type. Agreement and κ values for bilateral test were 91.30%, 0.65 by simple classification and 65.22%, 0.52 by specific type. Observation assessment demonstrated good-to-very good inter-rater and moderate-to-good intra-rater (live versus video) reliability for assessing SD in neck pain patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Despite the widespread implementation of tobacco control efforts, tobacco use persists in the Eastern Mediterranean Region (EMR), which is projected to experience the smallest decline in worldwide smoking rates. Although researchers have never explicitly examined the relationship between smoking and consumption behaviour, the two phenomena may be interrelated, especially in social settings. Utilising unobtrusive observational research, the current study examines the influence of smoking and social interaction on food and beverage purchases in one specific EMR country, Kuwait. The findings indicate that smokers tend to congregate in larger parties, purchase more items, spend more overall, and exhibit longer dwell time in comparison to their non-smoking counterparts. One explanation is that smoking and social interaction remain entwined in the social and cultural traditions of the region. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Systematic observation is a promising unobtrusive method of assessing human behavior in urban environments without many issues typically associated with self-report measures (e.g., recall bias, low response rates). Improvements in video camera technologies make it more feasible for researchers to conduct systematic observation, which could reduce the time, labor, and cost to facilitate high-quality observational research in urban environments at scale. However, there are important ethical and information governance challenges driven by data protection laws, which discourage many researchers from using camera-based observation methods. The European Union General Data Protection Regulation is a leading global standard for data protection. Drawing on our experiences of conducting three studies using video cameras in public spaces, we discuss how to conduct this kind of research in line with General Data Protection Regulation requirements. The paper outlines issues concerning data protection, privacy, informed consent, and confidentiality, and how we addressed them. In doing this, the paper provides support for responsible use of camera-based observation methods, which will be of value to researchers, ethics committees, and funders. Outlining how to use video cameras responsibly will enable more research to be conducted that, in turn, will build the case for its benefits to researchers and society. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista Ciencias de la Salud is the property of Colegio Mayor de Nuestra Senora del Rosario and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Investigacion & Educacion en Enfermeria is the property of Universidad de Antioquia, Facultad de Enfermeria and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Researchers have commonly treated misrepresentations in survey responses as an impediment to the accurate measurement of a variable or construct of substantive importance. This study builds on that approach and considers whether misreporting bias regarding support for violent extremism—both under- and over-reporting—may then have consequences for how terrorist violence itself unfolds. Using data from nearly 4,000 respondents in thirty-five communes in Burkina Faso, Chad, and Niger collected just prior to a recent wave of terrorist attacks, we find that communes where individuals under-report their true support for violent extremism—as measured with unobtrusive experimental methods—have a greater probability of experiencing subsequent Islamist attacks, controlling for socio-demographic characteristics of the commune, country-level proximity effects, and other time-varying factors. The findings raise important considerations regarding the measurement of extremist support, and they suggest a new tool for identifying communities potentially susceptible to terrorist violence. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Studies on social participation point out some limitations in participatory architecture. For this reason, the World Health Organization designed a model with key components for bringing civil society and governments closer together. Objectives: This study aimed to identify the aspects that influence participation based on the components proposed by the World Health Organization. Methodology: This case study used a qualitative and cross-sectional approach. Data were collected through document analysis, non-participant observation, and semi-structured interviews in 2020 and 2021 with the municipal health council members of an inland city in the state of São Paulo, Brazil. Results: Weaknesses were observed in the council's institutional structure, such as excessive bureaucracy, lack of user representativeness, and council members' insecurity regarding the municipality's health-related economic-financial issues. Conclusion: There is a need to strengthen the culture of participation in this municipal health council, disseminate the activities developed, and reformulate the technical-bureaucratic dynamics that predominate in this environment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: The irrational use of antibiotics is a leading contributor to antibiotic resistance. Antibiotic stewardship (AS) interventions predominantly focus on prescribers. This study investigated the influence and participation of inpatients in infection‐related care, including antibiotic decision‐making, within and across two tertiary hospitals in South Africa (Cape Town) and India (Kerala). Methods: Through ethnographic enquiry of clinical practice in surgical pathways, including direct nonparticipant observation of clinical practices, healthcare worker (HCW), patient and carer interactions in surgical ward rounds and face‐to‐face interviews with participants (HCWs and patients), we sought to capture the implicit and explicit influence that patients and carers have in infection‐related care. Field notes and interview transcripts were thematically coded, aided by NVivo 12® Pro software. Results: Whilst observational data revealed the nuanced roles that patients/carers play in antibiotic decision‐making, HCWs did not recognize these roles. Patients and carers, though invested in patient care, are not routinely involved, nor are they aware of the opportunities for engagement in infection‐related decision‐making. Patients associated clinical improvement with antibiotic use and did not consider hospitalization to be associated with infection acquisition or transmission, highlighting a lack of understanding of the threat of infection and antibiotic resistance. Patients' economic and cultural positionalities may influence their infection‐related behaviours. In the study site in India, cultural norms mean that carers play widespread but unrecognized roles in inpatient care, participating in infection prevention activities. Conclusion: For patients to have a valuable role in AS and make informed decisions regarding their infection‐related care, a mutual understanding of their role in this process among HCWs and patients is crucial. The observed differences between the two study sites indicate the critical need for understanding and addressing the contextual drivers that impact effective patient‐centred healthcare delivery. Patient or Public Contribution: Ethnographic observations and interviews conducted in this study involved patients as participants. Patients were recruited for interviews after obtaining signed informed consent forms. Patients' identities were completely anonymized when presenting the study findings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of research was to study practices, barriers, and solutions of Phetchabun health massage establishments under COVID-19 situation. Non-participant observation, informal interview, in-depth interview, and participation observation were carried out respectively. Purposive sampling was used with 15 health consumer protection officers in charge; 11 district level, 2 provincial level, 2 regional level as well as each representative of 11 districts. Results after implementation of "Preparation Guidelines for Health Spa, Health Massage, and Beauty Massage to Promote Health Tourism During COVID-19 Pandemic" were categorized into two sections. Firstly, the practices, barriers, and solutions of government officer performances included preparation for reopening, monitoring of the provider practices, and performance report. Secondly, the provider operations consisted of doing "Self-Assessment of Health Establishment", logging-in webpage before reopening, and practices for clients included screening and report of patients under investigation, establishment monitor, service, and establishment cleaning. In summary, the preparation guidelines were purposed to reopen their business with numerous contents and messages written by official language, it caused establishment providers and practitioners difficultly understood when applying. LINE Application and making calls were easy and accessible methods for their communication to reach current data and to ensure exact information. Various encouragements and having compliments were also considerable to form trust and confidence among them, they also raised their proud. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Workflow interruptions are common in modern work systems. Electronic health record (EHR) tasks are typical tasks involving human–machine interactions in nursing care, but few studies have examined interruptions and nurses' mental workload in the tasks. Therefore, this study aims to investigate how frequent interruptions and multilevel factors affect nurses' mental workload and performance in EHR tasks. Methods: A prospective observational study was conducted in a tertiary hospital providing specialist and sub-specialist care from June 1st to October 31st, 2021. An observer documented nurses' EHR task interruptions, reactions and performance (errors and near errors) during one-shift observation sessions. Questionnaires were administered at the end of the electronic health record task observation to measure nurses' mental workload for the electronic health record tasks, task difficulty, system usability, professional experience, professional competency, and self-efficacy. Path analysis was used to test a hypothetical model. Results: In 145 shift observations, 2871 interruptions occurred, and the mean task duration was 84.69 (SD 56.68) minutes per shift. The incidence of error or near error was 158, while 68.35% of errors were self-corrected. The total mean mental workload level was 44.57 (SD 14.08). A path analysis model with adequate fit indices is presented. There was a relationship among concurrent multitasking, task switching and task time. Task time, task difficulty and system usability had direct effects on mental workload. Task performance was influenced by mental workload and professional title. Negative affect mediated the path from task performance to mental workload. Conclusions: Nursing interruptions occur frequently in EHR tasks, come from different sources and may lead to elevated mental workload and negative outcomes. By exploring the variables related to mental workload and performance, we offer a new perspective on quality improvement strategies. Reducing harmful interruptions to decrease task time can avoid negative outcomes. Training nurses to cope with interruptions and improve competency in EHR implementation and task operation has the potential to decrease nurses' mental workload and improve task performance. Moreover, improving system usability is beneficial to nurses to mitigate mental workload. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To explore a notion of busyness within the context of pediatric acute care and how this influences the therapeutic relationship, nursing activities and teamwork between pediatric nurses and families. Ethnography was the research design. Semi-structured interviews and non-participant observation were used for data collection, which was undertaken in a level four pediatric inpatient unit in Sydney, New South Wales Australia. Brewer's (2000) ethnographic framework for analysis and interpretation was utilized and findings are presented as a realist tale. Interviews with 10 pediatric nurses and 10 parents, and 40 h of non-participant observations were conducted. Three themes are presented, which detail the cultural dimensions of busyness: i) the meaning of busyness; ii) relationships within the pediatric nursing team; and iii) shaping the therapeutic relationship. This ethnography identified how pediatric nurse and parental expectations and collaborative partnerships were re-shaped by busyness. Importantly, the ethnography has presented how busyness is perceived by pediatric nurses and parents, which require new negotiations and a rebalance of workload. Findings have implications for the healthcare workforce and organizational structure. Future research is required to explore how different ways of working better support the pediatric nurse and families during busyness. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: This study aimed to explore the perspectives of teachers, students and parents on practices used in inclusive education (IE) settings for students with visual impairments. Their perspectives were then used to create a proposed suitable inclusive education model for these students in the Lao People's Democratic Republic (Lao PDR). Method: A qualitative study was designed. The 20 participants included teachers, parents and students with visual impairments. Data was collected through focus groups, in-depth interviews, and non-participatory observations. Results: It was found that inclusive education has been prioritised in Lao PDR. However, special schools or centres are still needed to teach students Braille and enable them to complete grades 1 and 2 before entering inclusive primary schools in the neighbourhood. Conclusion: An inclusive education policy exists, but guidelines for implementation are missing, and coordination and cooperation among stakeholders is poor. The inclusive education model proposed by the study consists of clear policy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The operating room setting has unique workforce hazards and extremely high ergonomic demands due to patient lifting/positioning requirements, long periods of standing, and the heavy equipment and supplies that are needed for surgical procedures. Despite worker safety policies, injuries among registered nurses are increasing. Most of the research on the ergonomic safety of nurses is conducted utilizing survey methodology, which may not provide accurate data. It is imperative to understand the at-risk safety behaviors that perioperative nurses face if we are to design interventions to prevent injury. Methods: Two perioperative nurses were directly observed during 60 different operating room surgical procedures (n = 120 different nurses). Data were collected utilizing the job safety behavioral observation process (JBSO), which is designed specifically for the operating room environment. Results: There were 82 total at-risk behaviors observed amongst the 120 perioperative nurses. More specifically, 13 (11%) of the surgical procedures had at least one perioperative nurse observed in a position of at-risk behavior, and a total of 15 (12.5%) individual perioperative nurses performed at least one at-risk behavior. Conclusion: More attention must be placed on the safety of the perioperative nurse if we are to retain a healthy, productive workforce to provide the highest quality patient care. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To the authors' knowledge, this paper is the first to explore the dietary regime provided in a total institution. Specifically, the aim of this study is to highlight gender differences in the dietary regimes of mental health patients. Using archival and documentary evidence, the study uses an unobtrusive research approach to explore the diets of mental health patients living in the Girifalco asylum, in southern Italy, during the second half of the 19th century. The evidence analyzed examines whether the dietary regimes that were rebuilt are perfectly in line with the principles of moral treatment. Concerning the study, limitations should be stated; although archival evidence suggests that the institutional meals provided in Girifalco asylum were nutritionally adequate (by gender), this is impossible to verify. In conclusion, the dietary regime provided at the Girifalco asylum was balanced both from a qualitative and quantitative point of view for healthy living in a total institution. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Patient engagement is now widely endorsed as an essential ingredient for high-quality healthcare, yet there has been limited research on how patient engagement can be facilitated in medical informed consent (IC) communication. To address this gap, a fine-grained discourse analysis was conducted to identify communication strategies adopted by doctors to facilitate information delivery and ascertain patients' understanding, which translate into an increase in patient engagement. Data was collected from a public hospital in mainland China. Nonparticipating observations of 14 IC sessions were audio-recorded, followed by in-depth, semi-structured interviews with those observed patients. Four communication strategies emerged from the analysis: 1) seeking patients' understanding of their condition; 2) explaining medical information by reference to shared knowledge and practice; 3) recognizing and addressing patients' psychological concerns; 4) repeating critical information and checking patients' understanding through teach-back. The adoption of these strategies enables doctors to tailor the scope and delivery of information to accommodate and address patients' preferences, rather than defaulting to one-way information dumping. This study sheds light on the complexity of IC and further contributes to the ongoing endeavors to improve IC communication by raising the awareness of the role of patients in making mutually acceptable decisions. These identified strategies can be incorporated into medical communication training to facilitate delivery of healthcare that is sensitive to patients' needs and expectations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: to analyze the factors that influence the practice of nurses in childcare consultation in Primary Care. Method: cross-sectional study with 31 Family Health nurses from a municipality in the Northeast of Brazil, using a checklist with care dimensions implemented in childcare. For data analysis, descriptive statistics and Mann-Whitney test were used. Results: the consultations performed by nurses with graduation completion time and working time of up to ten years presented a care focused on the dimensions of embracement, anamnesis and evaluation of the vaccination status and supplementation. While those with more than ten years prioritized the evaluation of growth and records in the medical record and in the Child's Handbook. There was a significant association between female gender and specialization with the performance of professionals. Conclusion: the factors that influence the practice of nurses in childcare cause important differences in care, and may compromise the completeness of child care. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Emotion regulation may be an important tool that therapists and patients use to build and maintain therapeutic relationships. This exploratory study investigates how patients use intrapersonal and interpersonal emotion regulation strategies during interactions with occupational therapists and physiotherapists. Methods: A two-staged qualitative study was conducted. In the first stage 11 patients were interviewed regarding their use of emotion regulation during their therapeutic relationships. In the second stage, 14 patient/therapist dyads were observed during the course of the therapeutic relationship and then interviewed individually at the end of the relationship. Results: Patients utilise the full range of intrapersonal emotion regulation strategies that can be categorised in Gross's (1998) process model of emotion regulation including situation selection, situation modification, attentional deployment, cognitive reappraisal and response modulation. They used interpersonal emotion regulation strategies to a lesser extent, only reporting using strategies that fit into one of the four interpersonal emotion regulation strategies identified Williams' (2007), altering the situation. Conclusions: This study makes an important contribution to research on patients' contribution to therapeutic relationship development/maintenance. It is the first study to explore patients use of intrapersonal and interpersonal emotion regulation in response to negative and positive emotions arising from interactions with therapists. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Measuring organisational culture is important for detecting the values and practices that increase organisational risk (e.g., unethical conduct). Self-report methods (e.g., surveys) are mostly used to study culture: however, due to reporting biases and sampling limitations, and the rapid advance of digital data, researchers have proposed unobtrusive indicators of culture (UICs; e.g., drawn from social media, company reports, executive data) as a supplementary methodology for identifying organisations at risk of failure. A UIC is a single measure of organisational culture drawn from data collected without engaging employees, and research using UICs is in its nascent stage. Although various data sources have been established for studying culture unobtrusively, researchers have yet to explore the application of multiple UICs drawn from different data sources. To investigate this, we developed an experimental battery of 83 UICs drawn from seven data sources (e.g., company earnings calls, employee online reviews, executive data), applying diverse analyses (e.g., natural language processing, quantitative analysis of behavioural data) to measure eight dimensions of culture (e.g., governance, integrity). We then applied the battery to assess 312 large European companies. We found that the UICs could distinguish between companies and different industries, and one dimension (customer focus) was associated with an outcome variable commonly used in culture research (Return on Capital Employed). However, we were not able to establish a coherent set of statistically reliable dimensions due to the clustering of UICs by data source. This clustering likely occurred because data sources reflected the values and practices of different stakeholders (e.g., employees, managers), which underscores a conceptualisation of culture that is focused less on shared values across an institution, and more on the values, priorities, and practices experienced by different sub-groups. Future research could structure UICs according to data sources and apply UICs to examine the causes of organisational failure. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this case study was to describe the distinct approaches used by physical education (PE) teachers to accommodate students with disabilities in New York elementary school PE classes. The participants included 1 adapted PE specialist, 5 PE teachers, and 5 elementary school students with various impairments. Through thematic analysis, observations and interviews revealed 3 main approaches: (a) normalized instruction—traditional curriculum with no differentiation in the program; (b) differentiated instruction—adaptations tailored specifically to the needs of each student with disability; and (c) universally designed instruction based on the principles of Universal Design for Learning (UDL) and accessibility to all students. Differentiated instruction, entailing modifications in the program and pedagogical accommodations, was the most prevalent approach at the research site, but lessons based on UDL principles were also observed. In association, the 2 approaches (differentiated instruction and UDL) represented significant resources to accommodate students with disabilities in PE. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this study was to estimate the association between environmental variables and leisure-time physical activity levels in an adult population of a medium-sized city in Brazil. This is a cross-sectional study with a sample of 965 adults (20–59 years). Individual, socioeconomic, demographic and behavioral data were obtained through a population-based survey. Environmental data were collected through direct observation and subsequently georeferenced. The outcome variable was leisure-time physical activity level, dichotomized as insufficiently active (<150 min/week) and active (≥150 min/week). Physical activity-related facilities were categorized as public or private, and food outlets as healthy, unhealthy or mixed. Monthly per capita income and crime rate by census tract were used to categorize the social environment. Statistical analysis was performed using binary logistic regression (generalized estimating equation models). A direct association was found between the availability of public (adjusted OR = 2.16; 95% CI = 1.44–3.25) and private (adjusted OR = 1.21; 95% CI = 1.02–1.44) physical activity facilities in the census tract and leisure-time physical activity. A greater availability of mixed food establishments was associated with higher leisure-time physical activity levels (adjusted OR = 1.10; 95% CI = 1.004–1.22). Environmental characteristics can contribute together to leisure-time physical activity and could be the focus of policies aimed at promoting physical activity in middle-income countries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In recent years, unobtrusive measures of self-regulated learning (SRL) processes based on log data recorded by digital learning environments have attracted increasing attention. However, researchers have also recognised that simple navigational log data or time spent on pages are often not fine-grained enough to study complex SRL processes. Recent advances in data-capturing technologies enabled researchers to go beyond simple navigational logs to measure SRL processes with multi-channel data. What multi-channel data can reveal about SRL processes, and to what extent can the addition of peripheral and eye-tracking data with navigational log data change and improve the measurement of SRL are key questions that require further investigation. Hence, we conducted a study and collected learning trace data generated by 25 university students in a laboratory setting, that aimed to address this problem by enhancing navigational log data with peripheral and eye-tracking data. We developed a trace-based measurement protocol of SRL, which interpreted raw trace data from multi-channel data into SRL processes. Specifically, the study compared the frequency and duration of SRL processes detected, how much duration and times of occurrences of the detected SRL processes were affected or refined. We also used a process mining technique to analyses how temporal sequencing of the detected SRL processes changed by enriching navigational log data with peripheral and eye-tracking data. The results revealed that by adding new data channels, we improved the capture of learning actions and detected SRL processes while enhancing the granularity of the measurement. In comparison to the use of navigational logs only, the completeness of temporal sequencing relationships between SRL processes with multi-channel data improved. In addition, we concluded that eye-tracking data is valuable for measuring and extracting SRL processes, and it should receive more attention in the future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]