Search

Over the past 40 years, the private security sector in Belgium, along with its related policies, has undergone significant transformations, with the industry establishing itself as a crucial partner in domestic security governance. Although the political context in which private security has evolved holds considerable importance in criminological scholarship, the specific processes of framing this phenomenon have attracted much less attention. This article examines the various approaches adopted by political actors in framing private security within policy formulations and efforts to introduce new regulations. Empirical data are drawn from parliamentary records spanning the years 1980 to 2020. By focussing on the parliamentary arena, we analysed how the issue – that is, the need for regulating private security – has been discussed, motivated and framed by those in power. Our results demonstrate that six conflicting and supporting frames revolved around three overarching themes: the function and position of private security, and what the government sought to protect in society. The findings of this study provide new insights into the forms, degrees and manifestations of framing private security, along with its relation to security events over time. Consequently, it offers a deeper understanding of the political field and societal conditions under which the trajectory of private security has unfolded in Belgium. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Corporate social responsibility (CSR) has become an ever more important and increasingly high profile, visible and commented on part of business operations. This is especially so for multinational enterprises (MNEs) seeking practice adherence to global CSR policy when operating international joint ventures (IJVs). In this context we look at the example of land grabbing, a pervasive commercial norm across parts of Asia. It is essential to understand both the sources and mechanics of this practice as well as its costs. To date, however, knowledge remains limited to depictions of 'exploitative' Western MNEs, with little accounting for the key moderating influence of local stakeholders. The role and practices of local partners in IJVs has been largely ignored. Addressing this we extend our knowledge of MNE engagement through understanding the domestic partner's land grabbing practices in an in-depth study of IJVs in Myanmar. Juxtaposing this data with our own experiential data from across emerging South East Asia, we develop a typology of land grabbing engagement comprising 'obliviousness', 'passive collusion', 'blind-eye facilitation' and 'on-brand' engagement. Implications for how we understand the management of MNE 'foreignness' at the intersection of CSR implementation, IJV management and corporate reputation protection in emerging Asia Pacific countries, are then presented. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In 2015, the United States Supreme Court legalized same‐sex marriage nationwide, setting in motion a sweeping social change for sexual minority people and their romantic relationships. The United States Census Bureau collects demographic data on same‐sex couple households, offering an opportunity to better understand the demographic makeup of same‐sex marriage today. This knowledge is essential for researchers, practitioners, and policymakers who aim to understand and support same‐sex couples' relationships. We used national probability data from the American Community Survey collected in 2021 (the most recent year these data are available) on married and unmarried, cohabiting same‐sex and opposite‐sex households. Respondents reported their own age, race, ethnicity, education, employment, income, home ownership, and whether they had children living with them in their household. Differences between married and unmarried opposite‐sex couples were observed in race, ethnicity, age, and socioeconomic status, consistent with prior research. Many of these demographic gaps also existed for same‐sex couples, although these were often smaller. Several of these differences further varied between male and female same‐sex couples. Same‐sex married couples appear to be more demographically diverse than opposite‐sex married couples. However, like opposite‐sex couples, same‐sex couples from multiple minoritized groups were less likely to be married. Future research is needed to understand drivers of these differences (e.g., different attitudes about marriage or lack of access to marriage) and their impact. Policymakers and clinicians will need to bear these group differences in mind when designing policy and delivering services to support the well‐being of sexual minority couples. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Marriage provides a key insight to American life. Marriage is a significant factor when analyzing our society and our current structure – a widening gap among social classes. The decline in marriages among middle and lower class reflects issues with education attainment and financial stability. Unfortunately, there has been no initiative to address the declining marriage rate. This Note proposes a two‐alternative approach to implementing family‐friendly policies and a nationwide network of Family Centers that will aid the current and next generation. Society will obtain a more educated, cooperative workforce, with a more stable family structure across all classes. Key points for the family court community: Marriage is becoming a class privilege.The family structure has changed among the middle and lower class.Stable marriages are essential for society's economic benefit and child well‐being.The U.S. ranks among the lowest within middle‐ and high‐income countries for family‐friendly policies.Government promotion is needed to incentivize marriage. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article illuminates the legal regulation of the economic rights of non‐marital partners at separation or death. Current approaches have typically fallen into two categories: one advocating for the separation of legal regimes based on formal status, treating cohabitant partners as strangers, and the other taking a functional approach, treating cohabitation and marriage as substantively identical. However, both approaches fail to offer a coherent alternative for regulating cohabitation. This article proposes a novel third option – the institutional, autonomy‐based, pluralist model. The pluralist model acknowledges the legal commitment between cohabitants while carefully distinguishing the legal regulation of cohabitation from that of marriage. Unlike prevailing models that offer a "package deal," the pluralist model selectively applies only suitable components of marriage law to non‐marital relationships, considering thoughtful criteria for their applicability and ensuring a nuanced approach. The pluralist model offers a middle ground between treating cohabitants as strangers and treating them as married for purposes of regulating marital property, spousal support, and inheritance. Ultimately, it provides a framework that considers the complexities of non‐married relationships while maintaining a desirable level of legal clarity. Key points for the family court community: The pluralist model offers a middle ground between treating cohabitants as strangers and treating them as married for purposes of regulating marital property, spousal support, and inheritance.Marriage laws should strengthen the communal aspects of the relationship while cohabitation laws should place greater emphasis on the spouses' individual autonomy.Cohabitation law should be less rigid than marriage law in terms of distinctions among different types of cohabitants and opt‐out options. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Part 15 of the Civil Partnership and Certain Rights and Obligations of Cohabitants Act 2010 governs the breakdown of cohabiting relationships in the Republic of Ireland. However, although the introduction of the statutory redress scheme under the 2010 Act was considered an important response to the growing need for the protection of vulnerable cohabitants, the extent to which it has provided such protection has remained somewhat obscure. This contribution reflects on what we know about the operation of the scheme as currently framed and questions what scope might exist for it to be gently reformed going forward. Key points for the family court community: Irish cohabitation legislation, although welcome, is very conservative with the level of protection afforded to cohabitants only marginally improved.Notwithstanding that the provisions of the Irish cohabitation legislation were heavily informed by a need to ensure the constitutional compliance of the scheme, the constitutional landscape appears to have changed somewhat in light of the 2024 Supreme Court decision in O'Meara.There is a particular need to liberalise the stringent qualifying criteria for access to the scheme, notably the removal or reform of the so‐called financial dependency test. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article focuses on domestic abuse that rural Indian women experience at the hands of their intimate partners, a problem exacerbated by the women’s lack of health literacy. Our focus is on increasing the health literacy of rural women so that they can more easily understand the long-term health effects of domestic abuse by intimate partners. Objective: Our goal in doing this systematic review study is to determine whether increasing health literacy among rural women can prevent domestic abuse and increase their ability to defend themselves. Study design: This study design involves qualitative synthesis to conduct systematic review. Methods: We reviewed the published material in an all-inclusive, methodical manner. Results: Raising women’s health literacy can aid in halting the psychological and physical harm that domestic abuse inflicts on rural women. Conclusion- Enhancing the health literacy of rural women can contribute to the greater social endeavor to stop and deal with domestic abuse. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: With needed and growing attention to sexual minorities and unmarried individuals, there is a need to consider how best to capture relationships and relationship organization in family studies. Background: Traditional measures of marital status are commonly used to examine differences in relationships and socioeconomic outcomes, but they do not adequately capture the diversity of relationship experiences and leave certain types of relationship experiences invisible. Method: This article examines the inclusion of a relationship measure in the American Marriage Survey, a national probability‐based sample of 2806 adults in the United States, to provide a more diverse and expansive perspective on relationships and relationship organization. While there is a great deal of overlap between those who are married or cohabiting (marital status) and those who are in an exclusive relationship (relationship status), there is also potential for variation in what kinds of relationships, if any, people are in. Results: We find that the relationship measure is particularly useful in showing that a majority of gay, lesbian, bisexual, and pansexual individuals are in an exclusive relationship and also that gender and sexual minorities are more likely than cisgender and heterosexual individuals to be in consensual nonmonogamous relationships. This article also provides direction on re‐coding open text responses from the relationship status measure. Conclusion: We conclude that a relationship status measure allows for greater inclusivity and visibility of sexual minorities and unmarried persons, including but not limited to queer individuals, families, and communities, as well as consensual nonmonogamous relationships. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: The situation of victims of domestic violence and partner abuse becomes even more serious in crisis situations. There have been and are ongoing conflicts in the world, which have been scrutinised by economists, sociologists, criminologists, health professionals and lawyers alike in recent years. The latest related research worldwide provides a lot of important new information that can help prepare for the problem and provide professionally competent answers. Methodology: A selection of research conducted in different parts of the world. Summary reports were prepared to shed light on similarities and differences. Findings: It is clear from the processed literature that the individual forms of violence are connected in crisis situations and pose an even greater danger. Violence at the macro level, such as war, also increases violent conflict at the micro level. The crises caused by the fear of COVID, the lockdown, war conflicts, hunger, and the climate disaster spill over into family homes and make the victims of domestic violence and partner abuse even more vulnerable. Most of the processed materials analyse research born after COVID. The COVID--19 epidemic also provided many lessons regarding the management and prevention of the economic effects of future natural disasters and the associated increased domestic violence. Value: Analyses point to relationships that need further research and evaluation. In the future, macro- and micro-level violence research must be continued, common global results must be aggregated, and complex, global solutions must be developed. International organisations must continue to collect data and provide clear guidelines to public bodies and social organisations for the joint management of macro- and micro-level problems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Belügyi Szemle / Academic Journal of Internal Affairs is the property of Ministry of Interior of Hungary and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Family members and friends play a crucial role in refugees' arrival and settlement, including accommodating them in their homes for varying periods. While the migration literature has demonstrated the positive impact of such support for refugees' well-being, the relationship between the host and guest and the potential challenges of reunion and cohabitation are seldom explored. This study adopts the concept of 'hospitality'– a notion originally based on welcoming the 'stranger' – to study the welcoming practices of citizens with their previously acquainted 'guests.' Using qualitative methods, the relationships between Ukrainian refugees and their hosting relatives and friends in Israel were explored. Three main relationship dynamics are presented and discussed: (a) hospitality across borders, (b) hosts as service providers and (c) the burdens of hospitality. Altogether, these dynamics were found to challenge the common notion of hospitality, as they uncovered the pivotal role of hosts as advocates beyond the domestic sphere and across borders, as well as the emotional burdens of hospitality in close quarters over time. Finally, the role of the state is discussed regarding the regulations of the host-hosted relations by privatizing its responsibilities and designating hosts as responsible parties. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective Background Method Results Conclusions The goal of this study was to examine dual trajectories of supportive coparenting and father involvement across the transition to parenthood into early childhood.During the transition to parenthood, families adapt to new dynamic family subsystems. Drawing on family systems theory, we investigated the influence of supportive coparenting (mother–father subsystem) and father involvement (father–child subsystem) on child development.Longitudinal data from the Future of Families and Child Wellbeing Study collected at the child's birth and ages 1, 3, and 5 years included a sample of predominantly unmarried disadvantaged couples (N = 856) living in diverse couple relationship configurations. Group‐based modeling was used to identify interfamilial variations in dual trajectories and how these trajectory groups were associated with parental predictors and child behavior outcomes.Three classes were identified: High‐Slow Decreasing Supportive Coparenting and Father Involvement (Class 1, 78%), High‐Rapid Decreasing Supportive Coparenting and Father Involvement (Class 2, 12%), and Low‐Increasing Supportive Coparenting and Low‐Stable Father Involvement (Class 3, 10%). Class 3 showed greater couple supportiveness than the other classes. Couples in committed partner relationships were more likely to be in Class 1 or Class 2 than Class 3. Children of Class 1 displayed fewer behavioral problems than the other classes.Findings emphasize the value of jointly considering coparenting and father involvement in targeted interventions to strengthen child development and family functioning among economically disadvantaged families. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Past research has revealed positive effects of stress communication by oneself and by the partner on relationship satisfaction. However, the mechanisms through which stress communication by oneself and by the partner influence relationship satisfaction have not been well studied. The purpose of the present study was to examine the effects of one's own and the partner's stress communication on relationship satisfaction and the mediating roles of one's own and the partner's communication satisfaction in these associations. A total of 227 unmarried heterosexual couples were recruited. An actor-partner interdependence mediation model was used to examine the hypothesized relationships. The results showed that the actor effects of stress communication on relationship satisfaction were mediated by the actor effects of communication satisfaction. Moreover, the indirect effect of male stress communication on female relationship satisfaction through female communication satisfaction was found to be significant. These findings provide insights into the mechanism through which stress communication influences relationship satisfaction. Theoretical and practical implications are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: We estimate the prevalence of suicidal ideation among partnered U.S. adults overall and by sexual identity using a population‐representative sample of cohabiting and married adults. Background: Intimate partner problems and other aspects of intimate relationships are substantial precipitating factors to suicide. Even so, there are currently no family‐based interventions targeting suicide risk among adults; this may be because little is known as to how prevalent suicidal ideation and behaviors are in the context of intimate relationships. Sexually diverse adults show higher proportions of suicidal ideation than heterosexual adults. Method: Weighted logistic regression was used to analyze data from a subsample of the National Couples' Health and Time Study (n = 3,618), a population‐representative sample of cohabiting and married adults. Unadjusted and model‐adjusted prevalence estimates for suicidal ideation (thoughts and plans) were calculated. Results: The model adjusted prevalence estimates for suicide thoughts and plans were similar to estimates among general population samples. Bisexual and queer+ respondents had double the odds of reporting suicide thoughts and plans compared with gay, lesbian, and heterosexual respondents. Conclusions: Cohabiting and married adults showed a similar prevalence of suicidal ideation as the general population. Bisexual and queer+ adults are a growing U.S. population and require unique attention because they confront higher suicide risk compared with not only heterosexual but also gay and lesbian adults. Implications: Family‐based interventions are needed to target suicidal ideations and behaviors among adults, including those who are married or cohabiting. Sexually diverse adults should not be treated as a monolithic group when tailoring interventions for sexually diverse populations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Despite the long-identified relationship between poverty and risk for intimate partner violence (IPV) and non-intimate partner domestic violence (DV), there is limited work on the relationship between public anti-poverty programs and the incidence of such violence in the United States. In this study, we examine the effect of state Earned Income Tax Credits (EITC) on reports of lethal IPV and DV, a previously unstudied relationship. We offer a conceptual framework for understanding the potentially countervailing mechanisms by which state EITCs could affect lethal violence. We use a combination of empirical strategies, including new econometric estimators, to causally identify how changes in state EITCs affect the rate of reported IPV and DV, measured as homicide rates per 100,000 population. We find no significant causal effects of state EITC (presence or relative generosity) on lethal IPV or DV at a population level. Our work provides insight into the mechanisms at play, and suggests a role for more targeted policy interventions to mitigate individual effects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Safety risks to children because of internet and social media use are increasing, with exposure to sexual content seen as the greatest risk. United Nations International Children's Emergency Fund (UNICEF) studies show that risks vary by country and depend on a few factors, such as children's resilience, parental guidance, and support, as well as digital literacy (such as the ability to manage privacy settings). In Malaysia, statistical reports from government departments revealed that, sexual intercourse between unmarried young couples, being rude to parents, cyberbullying, skipping schools, smoking, drug abuse and others are becoming norms in the society. The fast development of information communication technology (ICT) was blamed for exposing negative influence on society. Therefore, this study developed an internet risk content model for children by integrating survey, statistics, and Geographic Information System (GIS). The study was based on four categories 4Cs model of online risk that can influence the children's resillience regarding online safety which consist of content risk, contact risk, conduct risk, and contract risk. Early findings show that the internet content risk among children can relate to geographical location as most of the risk are in the same area such as Sipitang and Kudat district. This can help the authorities to focus on that area to spread awareness regarding internet usage among children. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study investigates partnership changes and childbearing among immigrants and their descendants in the UK, France, and Germany. Our analysis of longitudinal data shows, first, significant diversity in family trajectories among immigrants and their descendants in Europe. Immigrants from other European countries and their descendants tend to cohabit prior to marriage, and their fertility in unions is often similar to that of the native population. In contrast, South Asians and Turkish populations exhibit marriage-centred family behaviour with elevated third-birth rates. Individuals of sub-Saharan African or Caribbean origin display higher rates of non-marital family transitions. Second, we observe some changes in partnership and childbearing patterns across migrant generations; these are stronger for fertility than for partnership patterns. Third, migration background is particularly associated with partnership patterns, whereas the destination country context influences childbearing patterns. We expect some patterns to persist across future migrant generations (e.g. preference for marriage vs cohabitation), whereas others are likely to vanish (e.g. large families). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Prior research has established that parents who are in a relationship, yet unmarried at the time of their child's birth, are at an increased risk of relationship instability. However, the processes that may lead to the dissolution of these unmarried parents' couple relationships are less clear. Guided by the vulnerability–stress–adaptation model, the present study examined data from a sample of 1,575 mother and father dyads who participated in the Future of Families and Child Wellbeing Study over a 9-year period. A mixed effects Cox regression model was used to investigate how unmarried parents' reports of enduring vulnerability (depressive symptoms) over time influenced the onset of relationship dissolution between the time their focal child was 1- and 9-years old. Further, the potential mediating effect of mothers' and fathers' reports of stressful events (parenting stress) and adaptive processes (couple relationship interactions and coparenting behaviors) on the association between depressive symptoms and relationship dissolution by the 9-year follow-up were also examined. Results indicated that mothers' and fathers' reports of experiencing depressive symptoms over time were associated with relationship dissolution. Further, perceptions of couple interactions emerged as a significant mediator at the 3- (mothers) and 5- (mothers and fathers) year follow-up. Coparenting behaviors were a significant mediator for mothers and fathers at the 3- and 5-year follow-up. These results highlight how experiencing depressive symptoms over time, as well as perceptions of couple interactions and coparenting behaviors throughout the early years of parenting, are salient factors in the instability of unmarried parents' relationships. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study examined the impacts of internationalization-at-home efforts on intercultural interactions and outcomes for domestic graduate students through a Cultural Partner Program. Ninety-seven participants were recruited from a public research university in the southeastern part of the U.S. Among them, 68 participated in an experimental group in which each of them was paired up with an incoming graduate-level international student to conduct intercultural activities over one semester. All participants took pre- and post-test surveys including psychosocial measures such as wellbeing, intercultural competency, stress, and perceived support. The regression analyses found a significant conditional difference between experimental and control groups in well-being but not other variables. Standardized mean difference analyses revealed improvements present between the experimental group and control group in perceived support and interaction attentiveness and stress. University campuses need to allocate greater lengths of time and resources for graduate students to be a part of intercultural interactions on campus throughout their study. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

AbstractIn-group policing is effective at mitigating conflict because ethnic elites have information needed to identify and punish spoilers within their own communities. Yet, ethnic organizations do not always police those who use unsanctioned violence. Under what conditions will an organization forgo its in-group policing responsibility? Relying on the case of Hezbollah, this article argues that in-group policing in patronage-based societies is a strategic choice. Patronage networks induce compliance by tying it to the provision of goods and services, thereby decreasing the likelihood of violations. When individuals utilize unsanctioned violence, leaders must consider the costs of policing relative to three audiences: 1. Their organization, 2. Their domestic partners, and 3. The international community. Organizations may refrain from policing violators if the costs to their organization’s cohesion and reputation are too high, but will seek ways to lessen criticism by domestic and international audiences. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective Background Method Results Conclusion The growth in gray divorce raises new questions about the marital dissolution process experienced by older adults. Our goal was to assess patterns of reconciliation among couples following marital separation, treating forming a union with a new partner as a competing risk.Repartnering after a gray divorce is common, particularly among men. However, the extent to which older adults reconcile with their spouses is unknown. In line with the few prior studies on marital reconciliation among younger people, we anticipated that spouses with fewer resources and more marital‐specific capital would be more likely to reconcile.Using the 1998–2018 Health and Retirement Study, we tracked women and men who experienced a marital separation after age 50 to evaluate their propensities to reconcile with their spouse versus form a coresidential union (i.e., cohabitation or remarriage) with a new partner relative to remaining separated.Roughly 7% of women and 11% of men reconciled with their spouses, whereas 12% of women and 26% of men instead formed unions with a new partner within 10 years of marital separation. We expected that having fewer resources and greater relationship‐specific investments would encourage reconciliation, but results were mixed for women and men alike. Resources did tend to be positively associated with repartnering, particularly for men.Our study contributes to the emerging research on repartnering after late‐life divorce as well as the limited literature on marital reconciliation by underscoring the utility of examining both reconciliation and repartnering as potential outcomes following marital separation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This book review examines "Presidents, Prime Ministers and Majorities in the French Fifth Republic" and its analysis of the French political system's influence on Romania and the concept of "semi-presidentialism." It explores the relationships between the president, prime minister, and parliamentary majority in the Fifth Republic, highlighting the different patterns that emerge based on their political alignment. The review emphasizes the importance of understanding the nuances of the French regime and its impact on political systems. The text also provides a historical overview of the French political system, focusing on the role of the President in the Fifth Republic, including instances of cohabitation and power struggles. It discusses the desacralization of the presidential status and the role of media in politics. The review concludes by acknowledging the unpredictable nature of politics and the various interpretations of semi-presidentialism. [Extracted from the article]

By examining extramarital cohabitation in early twentieth-century China against intellectual, social, and legal contexts, this article shows the process by which the educated class, mass media, and state strived to understand and locate this new union against inherited traditions and emerging modern agendas. It especially focuses on the controversy and confusion between the new women involved in these unions and concubines whose presence caused social anxiety in newly emerged gender relations and modern state governance. This article argues that the very actively negotiating process among the historical actors thickened rather than clarified the ambiguous controversy over extramarital cohabitation and the men and women involved in these unions. To a larger extent, by unfolding the process of awkward accommodation and incompatibility of foreign ideas of sex, love, and marriage into existing social and institutional milieu for significance, this article also reveals the tensions between family and state and between idea and reality during the transformation of modern China. The society deeply infiltrated by previously established social, moral, and legal structures had to respond to and accommodate external ideas, practices, lifestyles, and values. Failure accompanied success, and uncoupling did recoupling. It was within the dynamics of all these processes that Chinese society transformed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper studies the association between partners' relative incomes and union dissolution among couples in France. With the increase in dual-earner couples and women's educational level, couples in which women earn more than their partners are structurally becoming more widespread. Because female breadwinning challenges long-lived social norms regarding traditional gender roles, scholars have theorized a higher risk of union dissolution among female-breadwinner couples compared to couples in other income arrangements. We estimate the risk of union dissolution using regression analyses on unique longitudinal data from French administrative sources containing an unconventionally high number of couples (4% of the population) and separation events (more than 100,000), as well as precise and reliable income measurement. Female-breadwinner couples face a higher risk of union dissolution compared to other couple types. This result is robust to various definitions of female breadwinning and controls for partners' employment status. Contrary to recent research on other countries, we find no sign of a fading effect among younger cohorts. However, among younger, cohabiting couples and couples in registered partnerships the risk of union dissolution is lowest when both partners are employed and provide a similar share of the total couple's income, suggesting the emergence of a new profile of stable couples. The female-breadwinner penalty in union dissolution is in place; also in France, it holds among married and cohabiting couples and registered partnerships, across all birth cohorts and levels of household income. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this article I use legal geography to analyze the way in which the jurisprudence of the Labor Cassation Chamber of the Colombian Supreme Court of Justice assumes spatial imaginaries on the evidentiary standard of cohabitation as a couple. The factual pattern chosen is the study of the possible recognition of the survivor’s pension for the partner of the deceased; therefore, I present two arguments. First, that the spatial assumptions on which the concept of cohabitation as a couple is built are contradictory. Secondly, that when it comes to the existence of sexual relations within the framework of the couple’s relationship, the Supreme Court uses the public/private binary, traditionally used to oppress women, to emancipate them. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: Empirically examine whether different economic theories of marriage formation predict the transition from cohabitation to marriage differently across social classes. Background: Less-educated individuals marry their cohabiting partners at lower rates than their collegeeducated peers, but the reasons for this are unknown. Few studies have examined the intersection of social class and couple-level economic resources to understand if the potentially gendered economic determinants of marriage vary according to a couple's social location. Method: Couple-month data come from the 2014 Survey of Income and Program Participation, including 1879 cohabiting couples, 478 of whom transition to marriage. Logistic regression is used to test whether the marriage bar, gender specialization, gendered institutions, or gender revolution framework best predicts the likelihood of marrying. Results: Joint indicators of the marriage bar and the gendered economic organization of couples both predict marriage, but the specific gendered organization varies by the couple's level of education. Among couples where neither partner has a college degree, male-breadwinning couples are most likely to marry; dual-earning couples are most likely to marry among more-educated couples. Conclusion: Although college-educated couples seem to have shifted to a more egalitarian model of marriage, as predicted by the gender revolution framework, the marriages of the less-educated are still characterized by traditional arrangements, in line with the idea that marriage is a gendered institution. By showing that different theories predict marriage depending on the couple's social position, these findings provide groundwork to explore why the less educated are increasingly less likely to marry their cohabiting partners. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Precarious careers in the games industry have long relied on the unpaid and largely feminized support of spouses and family members. This paper addresses the role of spouses and other domestic cohabitants in the production of live game broadcasts on Twitch, Amazon's world-leading platform in live video entertainment. I introduce the heuristic of the 'Twitch Spouse' to underscore the crucial role that domestic partners have played as invisible workers in the wider games industry, whose precarious conditions have been extended by the rise of at-home livestreaming. Drawing from 'playful' interviews and ethnographic observation with 12 Twitch creators located across the United States and Canada, I delineate three themes by which the partners of Twitch streamers vitally contribute to livestreaming: collaborative space production, the management of intimacy, and timekeeping. Herein, I show how a theorization of the 'Twitch Spouse' will build future pathways for recognizing the intertwined struggles of domestic and digital work within the precarious horizons of the game industry. This paper argues that Twitch streamers' conceptualizations of intimate partners' supportive labour reinforce domesticity and visibility as co-extended forces in the evolving relevance of digital labour to contemporary capitalism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Among criminologists there has been an expanded contemporary interest in measures that encourage bystander intervention in the social settings of escalating and potentially violent incidents. These broadly include partner abuse and domestic disputes, as well as confrontational social interaction and other forms of targeted harassment and violence (racist, sexist, homophobic, ableist etc.), in everyday life. This article considers the likely success or failure of seeking to foster such measures as a core strategy of violence prevention, with discussion of the author’s Sydneybased study of the understandings of violence arising from young men’s lived experience of its various forms. It particularly concentrates on the results of focus groups conducted with a mixed sample of young men (aged 16-25 years) between 2018-2020. These participants had personal engagements with violence and potential violence, that shaped their reservations and doubts about regular intervention and general male anti-violence advocacy as reasonable and achievable social practices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study analyzed cohabitation among students with a view to investigate their perception on cohabitation, examined the perceived factors responsible for cohabitation and assessed the perceived effects of cohabitation on the undergraduates in Olabisi Onabanjo University, Ago-Iwoye. The study employed ex-post facto design and 226 undergraduates were sampled using systematic, proportional and convenience sampling techniques. Primary data collected through a self-designed questionnaire was analyzed using SPSS. The findings showed that undergraduates had positive perceptions towards cohabitation and there were several reasons were adjudged for high wave of cohabitation among undergraduates in OOU (increase in school fees, high quest to understand partners, lack of religious inclination, absence of supervision). More so, cohabitation had diverse effects on undergraduates which included: high level of moral decadence, incidence of sexually transmission diseases, prevalence of abortion, cases of unplanned and unintended pregnancies, increased rate of frustration and depression caused by relationship problems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Developments over time in the prevalence of marriage and cohabitation formation has long received much interest, but less is known about more recent developments for different population subgroups in European countries. This applies as well to Sweden, a country considered a forerunner in family-demographic change. In contrast, much attention has been paid to the falling birth rates during the 2010s, and explanations that focus on the role of increasing uncertainties. In the Swedish case, the fertility decline has been documented across all main socio-demographic subgroups. The objective of this study is to examine whether the same situation holds for first marriage and cohabitation formation during the 2010s and the exceptional years of the Covid-19 pandemic. Based on Swedish population registers, including with new cohabitation data, we present annual indices of first marriage formation (1991–2022) and cohabitation formation (2012–2022) across a number of socio-demographic strata. We demonstrate a continuous decline in first marriage formation since the early 2010s with an additional sharp dip during the pandemic and a post-pandemic recovery. In contrast, there was a remarkable stability in cohabitation formation during 2012–2022. Although socio-demographic groups differ in their overall levels of marriage and cohabitation formation, the recent trends are strikingly similar across groups. Cohabiting couples, across population subgroups, have become less inclined to transition their union status to a more committed level, as manifested by marriage or parenthood. This occurred in spite of a positive economic climate in the 2010s and stable family policies, indicating that other forces are at play. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The COVID-19 pandemic and lockdown altered families? routines, from telework imposition to performing additional childcare, as children started studying at home. Adapting to these demands can have effects on couples' relationships. This study aimed to analyze couples? experiences of parental exhaustion during the lockdown and to understand its links to relationship satisfaction and conflict frequency. It also explored how couples' internal resources (e.g., dyadic coping) buffered these effects. We examined data from 210 individuals in a romantic relationship who were cohabiting with their partners, teleworking, and had children under 18. Absolute values of parental exhaustion and relationship quality were not severe, but there was evidence that parental exhaustion contributed to decreasing relationship satisfaction and increasing conflict. Positive forms of dyadic coping were found to moderate only the adverse effects on conflict frequency. Implications of these results to couple's support under stressful events are provided. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper analyses how regulatory convergence in different categories of technical barriers to trade (TBTs) imposed on imports of goods in information and communications technology (ICT) globally affected the values, volumes and unit values of imported goods during the period 1996–2019. Keywords cited in TBTs that are notified to the World Trade Organisation (WTO) give an indication of the regulatory objectives behind the imposition of TBTs. MAST also classifies TBTs based on their applicability, procedural and administrative uses, factors which will also be taken into consideration in the analysis. However, the objectives of TBTs may provide better insights to policymakers. TBTs are non-discriminatory measures that are imposed unilaterally on all trading partners and on domestic producers. It is not feasible to analyse unilateral TBTs in a gravity setting, as they are excluded by the introduction of country-product-time fixed effects that control for multilateral resistances. However, regulatory convergence in TBT categories is a bilateral time-varying variable that is analysed in a gravity model in this paper. The empirical results suggest that regulatory convergence between trading partners in some TBT categories stimulates import values and volumes. However, the impact is very heterogeneous across TBT objectives and classes and across ICT product categories. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Islamic Research / İslâmi Araştırmalar Dergisi is the property of Turkey Economical & Cultural Solidarity (TEK-DAV) Foundation and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This article explores the matching patterns of same-sex and different-sex couples in Latin America. The authors apply economic theories of assortative mating to sexual minority individuals and analyze data from eight Latin American countries. The study reveals that same-sex couples tend to have larger age gaps, higher rates of racial heterogamy, and are more likely to have partners with different education levels compared to different-sex couples. The findings suggest that factors such as legal recognition, social attitudes, and fertility rates may influence these matching patterns. The article emphasizes the diversity within same-sex couples and highlights the need for further research to understand the implications of nontraditional partnerships on income inequality and intergenerational mobility. [Extracted from the article]

Objective: To systematically evaluate and explore the factors influencing depressive symptoms in female breast cancer patients in China through meta-analysis. Methods: Relevant data were retrieved from cross-sectional studies or cohort studies on depressive symptoms of Chinese breast cancer within the following databases: PubMed, Embase, Cohrane Library, Web of 105 Science, Database of Medical Literature (CBM), Wan Fang Data, CNKI, and VIP databases. The literature screening, data extraction and literature quality evaluation were performed by two researchers by carefully reading the title, abstract and full text, and metaanalysis was performed using Stata 1.5 software after extracting relevant data. Results: Fourteen papers were finally included, with a cumulative total of 3,071 people surveyed, and a total of 1,298 breast cancer patients were detected with depression, with a detection rate of depressive symptoms of 42.26%; meta analysis showed that age less than 40 years old, unmarried, less than undergraduate education, monthly income <5,000 yuan, advanced breast cancer, radical breast cancer surgery, family history, living in rural areas, underlying disease stage and chemotherapy were associated with an increased incidence of depression in breast cancer patients. Conclusion: The detection rate of depressive symptoms in female breast cancer patients is high, and there is a need to strengthen depression-related psychological screening of breast cancer patients and provide them with individualized interventions to reduce the incidence of depression in breast cancer patients and to lower the level of depression already present in the patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Using Parcoursup data, we seek to understand the cohabitation of different stakeholder logics in the first-year university admissions procedure. The objective is to report on the articulation of the roles of each party (students, high school teaching teams, members of university application review committees) in the procedure. More specifically, it involves questioning the fairness of the process by identifying the selection principles implemented, caught between academic meritocracy and human intervention, and their effectiveness. The first part of the analyses aims to reveal the tension between the role of the application review committees that offer university places and the role of candidates who choose to enroll. Then, for different courses, we examine the place of "human intervention", that is to say what the qualitative opinions of the Fiche Avenir, formulated by secondary school teaching teams, and their degree of consideration in the prerankings, defined by higher education teaching teams, do to the Parcoursup procedure and its readability. We thus question the allocation procedure in higher education, based on academic meritocracy but supposed to be regulated by "human intervention" of secondary and higher education stakeholders. Using data from the French digital platform Parcoursup, which manages students' applications to higher education, we try to understand the coexistence of different users' logics in the access to the first year of higher education. The objective is to describe the role played by each other (the students, the secondary pedagogic teams, the members of the higher education selection commission) in the selection procedure. More precisely, we try to examine the fairness of the procedure identifying the justice principles at stake, caught between meritocracy and human intervention, and its effectiveness. The first part of the analyses aims at explaining the tension exercised by the selection commission that proposes places into university and the candidates that choose to register. Then for different academic disciplines, we examine the place of "human intervention". That is to say, we analyze what the formulation of qualitative judgments about applicants, made by the secondary teaching teams and their degree of consideration in the ranking defined by the higher education selection commission do to the application process and its readability. Thus, we put into question the affectation procedure to higher education which is funded on scholar meritocracy but also supposed to be regulated by the "human intervention" of the secondary and higher education scholar stakeholders. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cohabitation is often misconstrued as consisting of a relationship characterised by a low level of commitment. However, commitment in cohabitation is multidimensional, as it allows a couple to demonstrate their love in different ways, without necessarily conforming to a particular traditional formality. It is a private and personal commitment between the cohabiting partners concerned, founded on principles of trust. The current study suggests that commitment in heterosexual cohabitation is closely aligned with the couple's intentions. Through the lenses of commitment and symbolic interactionist theories, this article explored how cohabitees construct and express commitment in their relationship. Employing a qualitative research approach, the study involved 21 purposively selected heterosexual cohabitees who are involved in a monogamous relationship. Data were generated through conducting semi-structured face-to-face interviews, using open-ended questions contained in an interview guide which were subsequently analysed thematically. Principles of credibility, transferability, dependability and conformability were adhered to throughout the research process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Baptiste Morizot's book, "Wild Diplomacy: Cohabiting with Wolves on a New Ontological Map," challenges the anthropocentrism of Diplomatic Studies (DS) scholarship and invites scholars to take animals and human-animal relations more seriously. The book explores the return of wolves to France in the 1990s and the conflicts that arose between farmers, wolves, and environmentalists. Morizot proposes a diplomatic approach to cohabitation with wolves, emphasizing the need for a new ontological map that rethinks human relations with wild nature. The book argues for the acquisition of knowledge about specific animal communities and the exploration of opportunities for humans to negotiate directly with them. While Morizot's engagement with DS literature is limited, there is potential for DS scholars to contribute to non-violently solving problems of cohabitation between humans and wild animals. The book's philosophical case for rethinking human-animal relations is important in the face of ecological crises driven by human behavior. DS scholars are encouraged to explore diplomatic engagement with animals more broadly. Overall, "Wild Diplomacy" offers a fascinating perspective on diplomacy and is recommended for scholars and students of Diplomatic Studies. [Extracted from the article]

Rising employment uncertainty featured by higher risks of being temporarily employed or unemployed is often seen as the driving force behind delayed and declined partnering in Western countries. However, such an employment–partnering relationship is contextualized by labour market institutions and thus could diverge across countries over time. This paper aims to investigate how country-level variations in labour market regulations moderate individual-level effects of unstable employment on union formation, including the transitions into marriage or cohabitation unions. Using comparative panel data for 26 countries from the European Union Statistics on Income and Living Conditions (the years 2010–2019), our multilevel fixed effects models showed that temporary employment and unemployment negatively affected the probability of union formation for single women and men in Europe. Moreover, the negative relationship between unstable employment and union formation was reinforced when labour market reforms were stimulating insider–outsider segregations or decreasing welfare provisions. Specifically, stricter employment protection legislations and higher coverage rates of collective bargaining agreements could reinforce the negative effects of temporary employment and unemployment on union formation, while more generous provisions of unemployment benefits could buffer such negative effects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study we examine partnership dynamics among people with different sexual orientations in Germany. More specifically, we explore the process of first partnership formation and first cohabitation among men and women who self-identify as heterosexual, homosexual or bisexual. Given the various discriminations against same-sex lifestyles, and the limited opportunities to meet potential partners, we assume that lesbian, gay and bisexual (LGB) people form partnerships later in life and less frequently than heterosexuals. We further expect that the constantly improving social and legal climate for sexual minorities will lead to a reduction in differences in partnership behaviour by sexual orientation. We use retrospectively reported partnership biographies from the German Socio-Economic Panel, which was supplemented in 2019 with a boost sample of sexual and gender minority households. Using discrete-time event history models, we analyse nearly 15,000 episodes of being single and nearly 20,000 episodes of living without a partner in the household. Around 4.5% of these episodes are from people who self-identify as LGB. The results clearly show that patterns of partnership and coresidential union formation differ by sexual orientation. People with a homosexual orientation—and to a lesser extent people with a bisexual orientation—are less likely to enter into a first partnership and a first cohabitation than people with a heterosexual orientation. Significant changes occur across cohorts: LGB people from younger birth cohorts enter (cohabiting) partnerships much earlier and more frequently than those from older cohorts. Thus, the union formation patterns of LGB and straight people have converged slightly. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper explores the configuration of families between humans and companion animals, focusing on the shifting domestic dynamics and the rise of pet families in urban milieus. These configurations represent characteristic ways of living in the context of youth middleclass sectors in the 21st century. At a methodology level, we conducted a survey, 27 in-depth interviews, and a review of 3,000 profiles on social networks and dating apps of youth users from Buenos Aires and Mexico City. Over the past decades, family subjectivation devices have undergone a global transformation. While these changes coexist with classical arrangements, especially in large cities, there is an increasing prevalence of affective bonds, forms of cohabitation, economic agreements, vital commitments, and even decisions regarding having or not having children that overflow the historical meanings of the family. Therefore, the construction of analyses such as "ways of living together" seeks to decenter the family configuration as the sole matrix of analysis by linking these practices with broader transformations that can be contemplated within the realm of "the common." [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article discusses the Uniform Cohabitants' Economic Remedies Act (UCERA), approved by the Uniform Law Commission (ULC) in 2021. It aims to provide a structured approach to resolving economic disputes between nonmarital cohabitants, offering clarity and predictability in legal matters concerning cohabiting relationships. It highlights the growth of cohabiting households over the decades, their demographic characteristics, and the evolving nature of cohabiting relationships.

Background: Early detection of prostate cancer using prostate-specific antigen (PSA) remains controversial and disparities in the receipt of prostate cancer screening persist in the US. We sought to examine disparities in PSA testing rates among groups with higher prostate cancer risk and differential access to healthcare. Methods: We identified a cohort of 37,706 males within the All of Us Research Program without a history of prostate cancer between the ages of 40 and 85 at time of enrollment (2017–2021). Incidence rate ratios (IRR) for the number of PSA tests received during follow-up through December 2021 were estimated using age- and multivariable-adjusted negative binomial regression models. PSA testing frequencies in the cohort were compared with population-based estimates from the 2020 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS). Results: A total of 6,486 males (17.2%) received at least one PSA test over the course of follow-up. In multivariable-adjusted models, non-Hispanic Black males received PSA tests at a 17% lower rate (IRR = 0.83, 95% CI 0.76, 0.90) than non-Hispanic White males. Higher educational attainment, higher annual income, having self-/employer-purchased insurance, having a spouse or domestic partner, and having a family history of prostate cancer were all associated with higher rates of PSA testing. The proportion of males ages 55 to 69 who received a PSA test within two years was lower in All of Us (12.4%, 95% CI 11.8–13.0%) relative to population-based estimates from the BRFSS (35.2%, 95% CI 34.2–36.3%). Conclusion: Absolute PSA testing rates in All of Us were lower than population-based estimates, but associations with PSA testing in the cohort mirrored previously reported disparities in prostate cancer screening. These findings highlight the importance of addressing barriers to care in order to reduce disparities in cancer screening. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background. Gender-based violence against women and its lethal outcome, femicide, represent important issues around the world. Although governments have passed specific laws, official data on gender-related violence and femicide are often absent and/or incomplete, difficult to access, rarely updated, contested and underestimated due to stigma, victim blaming or issues of legal interpretation. Femicide is an intentional killing in which a woman is murdered by an individual for misogyny and gender-related reasons. The most common type is in fact intimate femicide, which occurs when the murdered woman and the aggressor have an intimate, family, cohabitation or similar relationship. Case series. We analyzed 15 cases of femicide for which crime scene investigation and autopsy were carried out. For each case, a psychological autopsy was carried out and the means used to determine the individual's death were analysed. The circumstances in which the murder occurred were also examined. Discussion. Overkilling was evidenced in all cases analyzed. Overkilling in forensic medicine is known as a specific type of homicide in which the number of injuries inflicted far exceeds the number of injuries required to kill the victim. Therefore, the medico-legal management of the cases examined is complicated due to the multiple lesions present on the corpse on the victims which make difficult: 1) the reconstruction of the dynamics of the crime 2) the number of blows inflicted 3) the analysis of the fatal blow 4) the imputability of the offender. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Although researchers are increasingly paying attention to the dyadic nature of sexual desire and its relevance to sexual and relational outcomes, our understanding of how sexual desire operates on a couple level and how it may influence the occurrence of sexual activity in relationships remains limited. This study used ecological momentary assessments to explore to what extent similarity in levels of desire for sex with one's sexual partner, or dyadic sexual desire, was associated with sexual initiations, receptivity to one's partner's initiations, and partnered sexual activity, and how these associations were moderated by perceived partner support. Ninety-four cohabitating couples (M age= 26.30, SD = 7.60) provided six reports a day for 10 consecutive days. We used response surface analysis to examine the associations among both the degree and direction of (dis)similarity in partners' dyadic desire and each of the three outcome variables. Our results revealed that although partners tended to experience similar levels of desire on a moment-to-moment basis, similarity in desire levels was not associated with the three outcome variables. Rather, higher desire within couples predicted each partner's behavioral outcomes. At lower levels of perceived partner support, dyadic sexual desire was negatively associated with women's receptivity to sexual initiations by their partners, indicating high context-sensitivity of women's sexual responding. These findings offer new insights into the links between the similarity in partners' levels of dyadic desire and sexual behaviors in couples, suggesting the need for increased focus on maintaining desire and promoting perceived partner support in clinical practice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A large number of young adults still live with their parents because they have difficulties entering the job market, because of low wages, or the cost of housing. Despite much research in social science on the consequences of this salient social trend, we lack an understanding of its implications for public opinion. This research note fills this gap by investigating whether such living arrangements between working age children and their parents is correlated with household members' political stances. Specifically, I expect that the anxiety induced by seeing their children having difficulties to become independent will lead parents to hold more negatives political stances, while the same outcome is expected from working age children who failed to fly the nest compared to their independent peers. Using data from the European Social Survey in 32 countries covering the period between 2002 and 2016, I show that, for both parents and young adults, cohabitation is associated with negative evaluations of the national economy and of the government's performance. Studies that do not take into account the situation of other household members might miss an important part of the opinion formation puzzle. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Soziologische Revue is the property of De Gruyter and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Objective: This study examines the links between family formation, relationship history, and multiple types of religiosity in early–middle adulthood, as well as racial/ethnic heterogeneity of these associations. Background: Family and religion have long been recognized as linked institutions. However, rapid changes in both institutions in recent decades necessitate a reexamination of this link. We know little about how this association varies by past versus present relationship experience, institutional versus private types of religiosity, or racial/ethnic group. Methods: Logistic regression models predicting religious attendance, importance of faith, and prayer frequency were estimated using data from the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health. Models included measures of both contemporaneous union and parenthood status and past relationship experiences. Additional analyses tested these associations separately for White, Black, and Hispanic respondents. Results: Parenthood is consistently linked to higher, and cohabitation lower, religiosity. Respondents with more sexual partners tend to be less religious, while those with past marriages/divorces are more religious. Associations are stronger for attendance than faith or prayer, and more pronounced among White than Black or Hispanic respondents. Conclusion: The link between religion and family remains in evidence, but may have become more tenuous due to the delay and complexification of family formation. This link is strongest for White Americans and with respect to institutional rather than private religiosity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Historische Zeitschrift is the property of De Gruyter and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)