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This paper explores Toronto's urban PATH, a 30 km network of underground pedestrian tunnels and elevated walkways that connect shopping areas, residential towers, mass transit and downtown destinations. Both as a case and heuristic, this paper situates Toronto's PATH as an assemblage of private urban governance forms, exploring emergent and evolving constellations of power and responsibility for governing city space that defy easy distinctions of 'public' or 'private'. As an urban assemblage, the PATH comprises potential and actual entities and associations, and is an accumulation of encounters. Never a stable or static entity, the PATH and its governance, we argue, is provisional, revealing constantly evolving connections, alignments and political-economic potentialities. We contend the PATH serves as a palimpsest of mutating governing relations; a multiplicity of meanings, visions and encounters etched into the built environment. By focusing on public and private vestiges, wayfinding, and visibility, and private verticalising ventures, we highlight how practices, logics, processes, urban actors and their histories collide to form fragile, provisional urban alignments and visions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This essay introduces the Revolutionary Papers teaching tool on the publications at Ukombozi Library, which houses leftist and revolutionary publications from Kenya and around the world. Through different movements' publications, the authors map Kenyan resistance history through regimes of the colonial and postcolonial periods. A reading of Kenya's history through alternative movements and the leftist publications produced during these different regimes contests the dominant narratives that have been advanced by the right-wing postindependence regimes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this research is to investigate how the value of the unity of the homeland (Israel) and the value of the unity of the people (Jewish Nation) in the writings and policy of Yitzhak Shamir as a warrior and commander in Lehi, as a Knesset member, Foreign Minister and Prime Minister. The realization of two goals which are to a certain extent fundamentally opposed may generate pressure for the decisionmaker concerning the national priorities defining the dominant goal which subordinates other considerations to its achievement. Indeed, he claimed it was not possible to maintain the integrity of the Jewish People without the integrity of the Homeland, or the integrity of the Homeland without the integrity of the Jewish People. show [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this article, I analyse how underground landscapes are represented in the Finnish/Swedish television series, White Wall (2020). Subterranean imaginations, I argue, help reconceptualise the agency of the inorganic, mineral and geological along with that of the biological and social. Juxtaposing the underground with the surface, White Wall unfolds not only horizontal but also vertical ways of thinking about human/non-human relations in the Anthropocene. I also discuss how the series engages with fantastical nineteenth-century stories of Earth's exploration. Through dialogue with literary predecessors, White Wall grapples with how retrospective and prospective designations of the new geologic epoch collide. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Our increased reliance on fossil fuels and its environmental effects have led us to prioritize transitioning to a carbon-free economy and using renewable sources of electric power. Hydrogen is an environmentally friendly, non-carbon-based energy source that can replace fossil fuels. It is critical to create a long-term storage medium to balance its intermittent supply and demand. Developing a full-scale H 2 economy requires large-scale H 2 storage. H 2 storage in geological formations is being explored as a possible option where it can be withdrawn again at a larger stage for utilization. This study examines global underground operational and prospective locations to provide a comprehensive overview of the current state of hydrogen storage worldwide. Underground geological formations have effectively stored H 2 , as shown in the literature review. Geochemical, microbiological, hydrodynamic, and geomechanic factors affected by injected hydrogen are some of the key challenges in storing hydrogen in deep geological formations. These factors have a significant impact on the project's performance and operating efficiency. A roadmap for the implementation of underground hydrogen storage (UHS) is presented. The economic aspects of UHS were analyzed. Research is still ongoing on the potential effects of storing hydrogen in salt caverns, depleted oil and gas reservoirs, and saline aquifers, subsurface geological media. This study also encompasses the state-of-the-art hydrodynamic, geo-chemical and geo-mechanical modeling studies in the UHS domain, as well as several modeling software tools. Finally, conclusions, recommendations and further investigations were provided. • Major kinds of underground hydrogen storage (UHS) are assessed. • UHS either pure or in the form of a gas mixture, is a promising approach. • UHS is not yet ready for complete industrial and nationwide integration. • Modeling techniques improve understanding of underground reservoir dynamics. • UHS in salt caverns is seen as technically mature. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Underground space has always been used as a resilient solution in addressing the need for safety in terms of climate conditions and defense purposes. This research seeks to recognize the potential of the underground space in the city as a significant urban resilience strategy, with the aim of revealing how contemporary underground architecture is integrated with the public spaces on the surface and how this groundscape integration contributes to the quality of the use of the public spaces to achieve urban resilience. Public spaces have a crucial role in the environmental, social, and sustainable context of the city and are considered urban domains for spatial urban intervention that contribute to urban resilience in its broader understanding. Based on the review of underground space research and the comparative analysis of selected contemporary design projects, the research explores the integration of underground space in correlation with its utilization model based on contemporary design projects. The research results in the systematization of underground utilization among underground infrastructure, underground living settlements, and urban development to offer insights into the enhancement of resilience planning through the contemporary multifunctional usage of underground space. The contribution of this research is reflected in the methodology of developing the criteria for a groundscape resilience concept, in terms of perceiving underground space as an integral urban layer, its multifunctional utilization, and in terms of achieving urban resilience. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article analyzes the origin and the development of the women's partisan journals that were published during the Greek Civil War (1946-1949). It constitutes an unexplored topic despite the fact that it can provide crucial insights into the women of that time. In the beginning, it describes the basic factors of the early feminist editions. Subsequently, it examines the course of those newspapers during WWI and the Interwar period in order to delineate the disruption of their progressive evolution. Afterwards, it presents the changes that affected the character of the women's publications throughout the Second World War, the Axis occupation and the first post-liberation years. Then, it focuses on the fundamental characteristics of the women's partisan newspapers, their technical aspects, their objectives, their thematic content and the journalistic coverage of the feminist issues. In parallel, it makes several comparisons with the Spanish case and it places the Hellenic example within a broader framework (pertinent European phenomena, feminist waves, etc.) to outline a clear, satisfying and comprehensive picture. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Microseismic (MS) source location is an integral component of MS technology and essential to understanding the rock failure mechanism and avoiding potential geological hazards in underground rock excavation. However, accurate location remains challenging owing to the complex geological conditions and unknown rock failure mechanisms. In this study, a novel location framework was developed to locate the MS source positions and their uncertainties based on probabilistic programming. Probabilistic programming was utilized to determine the coordinates of the MS source and its variation using the Markov Chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) method based on the waveform equation. A classical benchmark problem was utilized to verify and illustrate the developed framework. The developed framework can not only locate the position of the MS source but also determine its variation due to the uncertainty during the monitoring and excavation. The located MS source is in agreement with the actual positions. The results show that the developed framework is a scientific, accurate, reasonable, and promising tool for the location of MS sources. Then, the developed framework was applied to locate the position of the blasting in a practical mine. This further proved that the developed framework could locate the MS source, providing an excellent uncertainty analysis tool for underground rock excavation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract Biochar is a carbon sink material with the potential to improve water retention in various soils. However, for the long‐term maintenance of green infrastructure, there is an additional need to regulate the water contents in the covers to maintain vegetation growth in semiarid conditions. In this study, biochar‐amended soil was combined with subsurface drip irrigation, and the water preservation characteristics of this treatment were investigated through a series of one‐dimensional soil column tests. To ascertain the best treatment method specific to semiarid climatic conditions, the test soil was amended with 0%, 1%, 3%, and 5% biochar. Automatic irrigation devices equipped with soil moisture sensors were used to control the subsurface water content with the aim of enhancing vegetation growth. Each soil column test lasted 150 h, during which the volumetric water contents and soil suction data were recorded. The experimental results reveal that the soil specimen amended with 3% biochar is the most water‐saving regardless of the time cost. Soil with a higher biochar content (e.g., 5%) consumes a more significant amount of water due to the enhancement of the water‐holding capacity. Based on the experimental results, it can be concluded that the appropriate ratio can be determined within 1%–3%, which can reduce not only the amount of irrigated/used water but also the time cost. Such technology can be explored for water content regulation in green infrastructure and the development of barriers for protecting the environment around deep underground waste containment.

The article considers the specific fire hazards of rolling stock and equipment in double track underground tunnels. Examples of major fires in underground tunnels in different countries have shown that the most complicated and catastrophic fires are associated with rolling stock in the tunnel. It is noted that fires in double track tunnels are characterised by the spread of fire hazards in one volume of the tunnel and can lead to the simultaneous stoppage of two electric trains. For the modelling of the fire evolution and its hazard factors, as well as for the development of evacuation measures in double track tunnels, it is recommended to consider the following design accidents: rolling stock fire and tunnel fire.

The Hyper-Kamiokande (Hyper-K) project is the world's leading international neutrino and nucleon decay experiment comprising a next-generation underground water Cherenkov detector and upgraded Japan Proton Accelerator Research Complex (J-PARC) neutrino beam. It will provide an enormous potential to discover the leptonic charge-parity violation, to investigate the Grand Unified Theory by proton decay exploration, and to determine the neutrino mass ordering. Further, Hyper-K will significantly enhance the capability to observe solar neutrinos and neutrinos from other astronomical sources in comparison with its predecessors. After the budget approval in January 2020, the Hyper-K project officially began, and the operation is expected to start in 2027. The excavations of a 2.0 km long access tunnel and the tunnels for the detector facility have been completed. In October 2022 it was started the excavation of one of the world's largest underground caverns to suite the HK detector. This article discusses the status and the prospects of the Hyper-K detector construction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Good understanding of the in-situ stress and rock mass strength or their relative magnitudes is essential to underground geomechanical practices. A prevailing technique for estimating the maximum horizontal stress is the integrated method combining stress polygon, borehole breakout, and drilling-induced tensile fracture. This research embraced all these elements into a nondimensionalized chart to interpret the triangle relation among the in-situ stress, rock mass strength, and failure observation for an underground cylindrical opening at any depth. One of the potential applications of the nondimensionalized chart was shown via the filed observations from a testing tunnel in the Canadian underground research laboratory. An approaching method of untangling two correlated stress components was also proposed to constrain the in-situ stress ratio under the framework of Coulomb frictional failure theory. It is proved to be highly efficient and considerably accurate by implementing the approaching method using the failure observations from the KTB borehole in German. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A proliferation of examinations of vertical, voluminous, subsurface, subterranean/subaqueous, geological, or underground relationships has emerged in the last few years of geographic thought. This article seeks to summarize four key themes in which the subsurface has gained prominence: geopolitics, natural resource extraction, cultural geographies, and epistemological politics. The article nonetheless critiques ahistorical, presentist, and/or Eurocentric tendencies in accounts of subsurface spaces, topographical verticalities, and the desire to "fill" a supposed "hole" of subsurface geographies. Altogether, I call for more precise, comparative, and historicized interpretations of the varieties of spatial relations above and below the surface of the earth. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A partir de un estudio cualitativo basado en entrevistas a diferentes agentes que influencian dentro del campo de producción underground, este artículo propone un esquema, basado principalmente en los conceptos sociológicos de Pierre Bourdieu, que logre plasmar cuál es la lógica de funcionamiento de un movimiento que se reivindica como autónomo y auténtico. Se ha tomado como zona de estudio la ciudad de Valencia, ya que en ella se ubican los espacios relacionados que permiten este circuito alternativo y el resto de los poderes políticos y económicos que intentan subyugarlo e influenciarlo. A través de un riguroso análisis sociológico que relaciona directamente el marco teórico con las conclusiones de la investigación, se logrará crear un esquema que aproxime al entendimiento y mejor gestión de un fenómeno que se encuentra actualmente en plena explosión creativa.

Microseismic (MS) source location is an integral component of MS technology and essential to understanding the rock failure mechanism and avoiding potential geological hazards in underground rock excavation. However, accurate location remains challenging owing to the complex geological conditions and unknown rock failure mechanisms. In this study, a novel location framework was developed to locate the MS source positions and their uncertainties based on probabilistic programming. Probabilistic programming was utilized to determine the coordinates of the MS source and its variation using the Markov Chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) method based on the waveform equation. A classical benchmark problem was utilized to verify and illustrate the developed framework. The developed framework can not only locate the position of the MS source but also determine its variation due to the uncertainty during the monitoring and excavation. The located MS source is in agreement with the actual positions. The results show that the developed framework is a scientific, accurate, reasonable, and promising tool for the location of MS sources. Then, the developed framework was applied to locate the position of the blasting in a practical mine. This further proved that the developed framework could locate the MS source, providing an excellent uncertainty analysis tool for underground rock excavation.

Introduction. The paper illustrates the necessity and place of the problem of stability assessment of lifting devices applied for excavation in cramped conditions, which are typical for urban areas with dense urban development when laying underground transport facilities on the example of the open method of works on the construction of the Moscow Metro.Materials and methods. Two sites on the territory of Moscow and different cranes of Liebherr company were considered in order to investigate the influence of geotechnical parameters on stability and safety of heavy lifting equipment. In addition, numerical modelling was carried out to determine displacements and deformations at different locations of the crane with respect to the excavation fence.Results. Horizontal and vertical displacements and total deformations of the pit fence were obtained by means of numerical modelling with the use of geotechnical software systems PLAXIS 2D and PLAXIS 3D. Among other things, we analyzed the usage of PAG slabs, as well as construction of the top tier of the spacing system with the use of 1.5 × 1.5 m inventory slabs.Conclusions. The relevant issue is an analytical calculation for situations that can arise in solving practical problems, in particular, in the development of the project of works for the installation of a lifting device near the pit with a fence. Surface layers of soils (up to 6 m) have a special and primary influence on the result of the calculation. If the lifting device is installed in bulk soil of natural origin, it is mandatory to replace it with a harder soil or to lay additional concrete slabs with a larger area to reduce the direct load on the ground. In special cases, the numerical modelling should be performed separately for heavy truck cranes with a lifting capacity of 250 tons and more, provided that the guardrail is made without a spacing system (“cantilever type”).

Legal boundaries are used for delineating the spatial extent of ownership property’s spaces. In underground environments, these boundaries are defined by referencing physical objects, surveying measurements, or projections. However, there is a gap in connecting and managing these boundaries and underground legal spaces, due to a lack of data model. A 3D data model supporting underground land administration (ULA) should define and model these boundaries and the relationships between them and underground ownership spaces. Prominent 3D data models can be enriched to model underground legal boundaries. This research aims to propose a new taxonomy of underground legal boundaries and model them by extending CityGML, which is a widely used 3D data model in the geospatial science domain. We developed, implemented, and tested the model for different types of underground legal boundaries. The implemented prototype showcased the potential benefits of CityGML for managing underground legal boundaries in 3D. The proposed 3D underground model can be used to address current challenges associated with communicating and managing legal boundaries in underground environments. While this data model was specifically developed for Victoria, Australia, the proposed model and approach can be used and replicated in other jurisdictions by adjusting the data requirements for underground legal boundaries.

One of the manifestations of unresolved trauma is associated with the use of Balkan stereotypes and self-Balkanisation in films. In this paper, I explore the connection between unresolved trauma and the music used to express Balkan stereotypes, focusing on a case study dedicated to Goran Bregović’s soundtrack for Emir Kusturica’s film Podzemlje [Underground] (1995). I analyse the track “Mesečina [Moonlight]” featured in the film, and observe how the music goes hand in hand with the portrayal of some of the main characters as “wild Balkan men” associated with a myriad of negative characteristics and stereotypes.

Статья посвящена проблеме обращения художников разных направлений к мотиву «простые вещи», что нашло отражение в натюрморте 1960–1970-х годов. Обычно каждое направление рассматривается отдельно от общего художественного процесса. Автор на примере натюрморта прослеживает, как трансформируется проблематика, заданная временем, в творчестве мастеров официального круга, сурового стиля и различных вариантах андеграунда. Простые вещи неизбежно должны были привлечь внимание после почти тридцатилетнего преобладания тематической картины в советском искусстве. В период оттепели начинают цениться малые жанры, в которых выражение личностного мироощущения не зажимается большой темой. В статье анализируется подход к натюрморту с набором простых предметов В.Ф. Стожарова, А.В. Васнецова, О.Я. Рабина, М.А. Рогинского, А.Б. Гросицкого, В.Г. Вейсберга и Д.М. Краснопевцева. Становится очевидно, что в творчестве представителя официального круга художников, В.Ф. Стожарова, преобладает интерес к выражению национального характера через предметы старорусского быта. Представитель «суровых» А.В. Васнецов передает в натюрмортах атмосферу человеческого тепла домашнего очага, что особенно ценилось в то время. М.А. Рогинский, яркий художник андеграунда, творчество которого не вписывается полностью ни в одно направление, через простые вещи бедного послевоенного быта выражает свое понимание России, в котором нет критики, глумления или восторга, но есть глубокое понимание основ российской жизни. В.Г. Вейсберг и Д.М. Краснопевцев в жанре натюрморта воплотили основные позиции метафизического направления в андеграунде, сосредоточенного на вопросах экзистенциального мироощущения. Таким образом, натюрморт не только возвращается на художественную сцену в качестве отнюдь не «малого жанра», но и оказывается достаточно гибкой формой для выражения различных позиций и проблем своего времени, а простые предметы выступают как их метафоры.

Legal boundaries are used for delineating the spatial extent of ownership property's spaces. In underground environments, these boundaries are defined by referencing physical objects, surveying measurements, or projections. However, there is a gap in connecting and managing these boundaries and underground legal spaces, due to a lack of data model. A 3D data model supporting underground land administration (ULA) should define and model these boundaries and the relationships between them and underground ownership spaces. Prominent 3D data models can be enriched to model underground legal boundaries. This research aims to propose a new taxonomy of underground legal boundaries and model them by extending CityGML, which is a widely used 3D data model in the geospatial science domain. We developed, implemented, and tested the model for different types of underground legal boundaries. The implemented prototype showcased the potential benefits of CityGML for managing underground legal boundaries in 3D. The proposed 3D underground model can be used to address current challenges associated with communicating and managing legal boundaries in underground environments. While this data model was specifically developed for Victoria, Australia, the proposed model and approach can be used and replicated in other jurisdictions by adjusting the data requirements for underground legal boundaries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article discusses the London boarding house as setting and trope, in film, on stage and in literature, during the silent period. It identifies recurrent character types – notably, parsimonious and resentful landladies, resourceful skivvies and residents, both temporary and permanent, who are down on their luck and down at heel. Significantly, the boarding house recurrently displays a particular mise-en-scène. Films covered include Patricia Brent, Spinster (1919), Tilly of Bloomsbury (1921), Not for Sale (1924), Underground (1928), Daydreams (1928), The Vagabond Queen (1929) and A Cottage on Dartmoor (1929). Patrick Hamilton, this article suggests, is the pre-eminent figure in boarding house literature, from Craven House (1926) to Slaves of Solitude (1947). It also discusses returns to this London territory produced retrospectively and subsequent treatments of boarding house material, reinforcing an already established pattern. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Equity, Diversity, and Inclusion (EDI) are important to drive innovation in many different fields, including particle physics. Underground labs are working on many different fronts to improve EDI in their host countries and within particle physics collaborations. Laboratories can institute policies to protect their staff and make improvements to their facilities to increase accessibility. Laboratories can encourage the scientific collaborations they host to have policies and plans for increasing EDI. SNOLAB and the Sanford Underground Research Facility (SURF) are each supporting their employees and user-bases in different ways. Some examples are targeted outreach, consultation with experimental collaborations on their own policies, EDI training, and Indigenous cultural recognition. These efforts are intended to enhance the equity and inclusion of their communities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The expansion of the electrical network necessitates the construction of new power plants and the extension of overhead and underground power transmission and distribution systems. However, underground power cables, such as XPLE 220 kV, can cause significant electromagnetic pollution, particularly in urban areas. This paper focuses on the evaluation and prediction of such magnetic emissions using analytical, numerical simulation (the finite element analysis), and experimental measurement. The paper aim is to minimize the magnetic emissions through the adjustment of the horizontal and vertical distances (x, y) of cables, serving as a technical solution. Additionally, the study investigated the impact of faults with varying magnitude and frequency, considering different loads and conditions. The simulation results indicate that several factors contribute to the escalation of magnetic pollution. These factors include a close proximity between cables, faults, and high current intensities.... However, as the distance between cables increases both horizontally and vertically, the strength of the magnetic field decreases, leading to a reduction in magnetic pollution. A comparison was carried out to assess the magnetic emissions of the underground cable, revealing a notable resemblance between the measured and calculated values. Ultimately, the validated simulation model serves as a valuable tool for evaluating, predicting, and mitigating electromagnetic pollution under different fault conditions and positions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study assessed the nest architecture of Black Larger Ant using low-cost white cement. Length and width of the tunnel, length, width, and diameter of the chamber, deepness of nest, and number of tunnels and chambers assessed by standard measuring tools and techniques. The average nest circumference (15.1±4.30 cm), Depth of nest (13.1±3.50 cm), number of tunnels (9.0±2.0), tunnel length (10.70±5.60), width of the tunnel (3.00±1.00), number of chambers (6.0±2.0), chamber length (3.70±1.60 cm), chamber width (2.50±1.30 cm) varied significantly. The correlation performed with the length and width of the tunnel showed a strong positive correlation (r=0.54) (n=52). It also noticed that, whenever increasing the tunnel length simultaneously width of the tunnel also increased. Tunnel direction was identified in favor of identifying the other environmental factors like water sources of the nest. It was noticed that, the nest tunnel direction maximum in the west (29%) followed by east and south directions. The majority of the nests studied were irregular, while a few noticed round shapes. Initially, it is essential to provide a description. However, comprehending the intricate structure of the nest necessitates a more extensive analysis. This analysis should encompass how specific structures enhance the overall fitness of the social organism and the underlying mechanisms via which this enhancement occurs within the colony. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

One of the manifestations of unresolved trauma is associated with the use of Balkan stereotypes and self-Balkanisation in films. In this paper, I explore the connection between unresolved trauma and the music used to express Balkan stereotypes, focusing on a case study dedicated to Goran Bregović’s soundtrack for Emir Kusturica’s film Podzemlje [Underground] (1995). I analyse the track “Mesečina [Moonlight]” featured in the film, and observe how the music goes hand in hand with the portrayal of some of the main characters as “wild Balkan men” associated with a myriad of negative characteristics and stereotypes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Artuklu Akademi is the property of Artuklu Akademi and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Mining is a high-risk industry, so efficiency and safety are key priorities. Technological advancements, such as digitisation, digitalisation, and automation have made mines safer. These developments have also highlighted the need for operators with updated skills and improved education programs. This study analysed the training of semi-autonomous and manual Load Haul Dump (LHD) operators' at LKAB's Kiirunavaara mine, focusing on operators' training, perspective and integration of more recent tool such as simulator training. The survey questionnaire was sent to all 120 LHD operators. 86 answers were received, giving response rate of 70%. Results showed that operators generally were satisfied with how the training was structured, organised, and delivered. However, they wanted to add more topics, including practical loading, spending time with departments of other sub-processes, etc. In addition, 36% of the operators, including 20% of those operating semi-autonomous LHDs, and 80% of those operating manual LHDs, found simulator training difficult. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of RumeliDE Journal of Language & Literature Research / RumeliDE Dil ve Edebiyat Araştırmaları Dergisi is the property of RumeliDE Uluslararasi Hakemli Dil & Edebiyat Arastirmalari Dergisi and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Underground space has always been used as a resilient solution in addressing the need for safety in terms of climate conditions and defense purposes. This research seeks to recognize the potential of the underground space in the city as a significant urban resilience strategy, with the aim of revealing how contemporary underground architecture is integrated with the public spaces on the surface and how this groundscape integration contributes to the quality of the use of the public spaces to achieve urban resilience. Public spaces have a crucial role in the environmental, social, and sustainable context of the city and are considered urban domains for spatial urban intervention that contribute to urban resilience in its broader understanding. Based on the review of underground space research and the comparative analysis of selected contemporary design projects, the research explores the integration of underground space in correlation with its utilization model based on contemporary design projects. The research results in the systematization of underground utilization among underground infrastructure, underground living settlements, and urban development to offer insights into the enhancement of resilience planning through the contemporary multifunctional usage of underground space. The contribution of this research is reflected in the methodology of developing the criteria for a groundscape resilience concept, in terms of perceiving underground space as an integral urban layer, its multifunctional utilization, and in terms of achieving urban resilience.