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Copyright of Ahi Evran Medical Journal is the property of Ahi Evran University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The aim of this study was to compare the blink rate (BR), tear tests, corneal parameters, and the thickness of each corneal sublayer in patients with Parkinson's disease (PD) and healthy individuals. A total of 64 eyes from 64 patients with PD and 64 eyes from 64 age- and sex-matched healthy individuals were included in this study. All participants underwent a detailed neurological and ophthalmological evaluation. The severity of disease was measured according to Hoehn–Yahr (H–Y) scale. The blink rate (BR), Schirmer test, and tear break-up time (TBUT) scores were assessed. Corneal parameters were measured using Pentacam. Additionally, the thickness of the corneal epithelium, Bowman layer, stroma, and Descemet membrane-endothelium complex were measured on the central cornea with anterior segment module of spectral domain optical coherence tomography (AS-OCT). The BR, Schirmer's test, TBUT, pachymetric measurements, Bowman layer, and stromal thickness values of the patient group were significantly lower than those of the control group. The disease duration and disease severity were significantly negative correlated with the pachymetric measurements and stromal thickness. Also, the values of TBUT and the score of Schirmer test were significantly positive correlated with the pachymetric measurements and stromal thickness. A reduced BR and poor tear quality in the PD, can result in reduced pachymetric measurements and stromal thickness. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of MN Opthalmology / MN Oftalmoloji is the property of Medical Network and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Purpose: To evaluate serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels in patients with keratoconus (KC) and its association with disease severity and to compare vitamin D levels with those of age- and sex-matched healthy individuals.Methods: This study included 100 patients with KC and 100 non-atopic healthy controls. Serum vitamin D levels were measured using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry and compared between the study groups. KC severity was graded as mild (K = 43.1-46.9 D), moderate (K = 47-50 D), and severe (K > 50 D). Vitamin D levels were classified as deficient (≤10 ng/mL), insufficient (11-20 ng/mL), and optimal (>20 ng/mL).Results: The mean serum vitamin D level was significantly lower in the KC group than in the control group (12.18 ± 5.05 ng/mL vs 15.18 ± 5.81 ng/mL; p < .001). Vitamin D deficiency (≤10 ng/mL) was observed in 54.0% of the KC patients and 34.0% of the controls (p = .011). Multivariable logistic regression analysis revealed that having deficient vitamin D level increased the presence of KC 2.9 fold (p = .021, 95% confidence interval, 1.17-6.95). Decreasing serum vitamin D levels were not significantly associated with increasing severity of KC (p = .311). Although the rate of patients with deficient vitamin D was the highest in the severe KC group, distribution of vitamin D levels were not significantly different among KC groups (p = .326).Conclusion: The patients with KC had lower serum vitamin D levels than those of age- and sex-matched healthy controls. The present study could be a valuable entry point for further researches investigating the potential link between vitamin D and KC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: We aimed to evaluate the differences in the corneas of eyes with isolated iris coloboma. Methods: This study was designed as a prospective study. Among patients who applied to our hospital within the last 3-year period, those with isolated iris coloboma in one eye and a completely normal contralateral eye were included in the study. In addition to a complete ophthalmologic examination, all patients were scanned by Pentacam Scheimpflug camera in the dark, and a corneal endothelium cell count was taken using a Topcon Specular Microscope. Data entered using SPSS software were then evaluated by paired t-test;p< 0.05 value was considered statistically significant. Results: Nine patients, seven men and two women, with a mean age of 35.77 ± 22.50 (range 8–60) years, were included in the study. In comparison to normal eyes, the colobomatous eyes were statistically found to have lower keratometry values in diopters (43.82 ± 2.17, 44.46 ± 1.86;p= 0.040), a greater negative asphericity (Q value) (−0.38 ± 0.07, −0.22 ± 0.20;p= 0.042), increased corneal thickness (569.78 ± 25.42, 537.33 ± 27.36;p< 0.001), decreased anterior chamber depth (2.50 ± 0.32, 2.81 ± 0.50;p= 0.005), a shallower angle (30.51 ± 10.68, 35.29 ± 9.99;p= 0.057), higher best-fit sphere (BFS) values of the anterior and posterior corneal surfaces (7.88 ± 0.39, 7.67 ± 0.37;p =0.001; 6.40 ± 0.26, 6.23 ± 0.19;p= 0.006), larger pupil diameter (3.48 ± 0.49, 2.80 ± 0.34;p= 0.001), smaller horizontal corneal diameter (HCD) (11.06 ± 0.42; 11.26 ± 0.45;p= 0.009), and higher value of endothelial cell density (ECD) (3161 ± 431; 2923 ± 590;p= 0.031). Conclusion: We have determined that a number of factors such as keratometry values, particularly of the corneal endothelium, are different from those of normal eyes. These differences should be taken into account in the follow-up and treatment of eyes with iris coloboma. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: The purpose of our study is to assess the changes in macular thickness (MT) in diabetic and non-diabetic patients and to research effects of topical ketorolac (Acular®, Allergan, Irvine, CA) on MT change after neodymium:yttrium aluminum garnet (Nd:YAG) laser capsulotomy. Material and methods: This study involved 88 eyes of 88 patients diagnosed as posterior capsule opacification (PCO). Patients were divided into four groups according to presence of diabetes mellitus (DM) and drugs used after capsulotomy. Group 1: Patients with DM using only 0.1% Fluorometholon (FML®, Allergan, Irvine, CA) after capsulotomy (22 patients). Group 2: Patients with DM using 0.5% ketorolac (Acular®) and 0.1 Fluorometholon (FML®, Allergan, Irvine, CA) after capsulotomy (20 patients). Group 3: Patients without DM using only 0.1% Fluorometholon (FML®, Allergan, Irvine, CA) (22 patients). Group 4: Patients without DM using 0.5% ketorolac (Acular®) and 0.1% Fluorometholon (FML®, Allergan, Irvine, CA) (24 patients). A plus-shaped capsulotomy was performed using VISULAS® YAGIII (Carl Zeiss) laser microscope. MT measurement with Cirrus SD-OCT (Carl Zeiss Opthalmic System Inc., Model 400, Dublin, CA, Software 5) were done. Measurements were done before laser, and on the first day, first week, first month, third month and sixth month after laser capsulotomy. We compared the four groups for MT change during 6 months. Results: Group 1 involving patients with DM using only 0.1% Fluorometholon (FML®, Allergan, Irvine, CA) after capsulotomy had increased MT at the first week, and the first, third, and sixth month after laser (p < 0.001). Group 3 involving patients without DM using only 0.1% Fluorometholon (FML®, Allergan, Irvine, CA) had increased MT at the first week, and at the first and third month, there was no statistically significant difference at the sixth month (p > 0.05). There was no statistically significant increase in MT during the follow-up period in group 2 involving patients with DM using 0.5% ketorolac (Acular®) and 0.1 Fluorometholon (FML®, Allergan, Irvine, CA) after capsulotomy and group 4 involving patients without DM using 0.5% ketorolac (Acular®) and 0.1% Fluorometholon (FML®, Allergan, Irvine, CA) (p > 0.05). Conclusion: An increase in MT can be observed after Nd:YAG laser capsulotomy, especially in diabetic patients. Adding topical ketorolac (Acular®, Allergan, Irvine, CA) to topical Fluorometholon (FML®, Allergan, Irvine, CA) therapy after YAG laser capsulotomy can prevent this increase. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

Copyright of Arquivos Brasileiros de Oftalmologia is the property of Arquivos Brasileiros de Oftalmologia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Purpose: To determine the demographic characteristics of the patients that were followed in our clinic with the diagnosis of neovascular glaucoma (NVG), to investigate the factors that have role in the etiology and the effects of treatment modalities on intraocular pressure (IOP). Materials and Methods: Ninety-nine eyes of 96 patients with NVG included in the study. The demographical characteristics of patients, factors that have a role in the etiology and the results of the treatment methods were analyzed from the patients' files retrospectively. Results: Of the patients included in the study, the mean age of the patients was 65.8±7.8 years and the mean follow-up time was 33.6±6.4 months. Diabetes mellitus (DM) in 54 eyes (54.54%), central retinal vein occlusion (CRVO) in 28 eyes (28.28%), trauma in nine eyes (9.09%), and uveitis in eight eyes (8.08%) were found to be the reason for the NVG. Postecvatorial cryotherapy and syclocryotherapy were performed to 58 eyes (77.33%), trabeculectomy with mitomycin C (MMC trab) was performed to 11 eyes (14.66%), MMC trab after intravitreal anti-VEGF injection was performed to five eyes (6.66%), and Ahmed valve implantation was performed to one eye (1.33%). The reduction of mean IOP for each procedure was statistically significant (p<0.05). Conclusion: DM and CRVO have an important role in the etiology of NVG. It is thought that MMC trab performed in the treatment of this disorder can cause benefit in most of the patients. Intravitreal anti-VEGF injection before MMC trab is an efficient treatment modalitiy to enhance the surgical success. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: To evaluate the clinical characteristics of the patients being followed up with diagnosis of ocular hypertension (OHT) and to determine the risk factors affecting progression in patients who developed glaucoma despite the treatment. Materials and Methods: Four hundred-sixty eyes of 238 patients who were being followed up in our clinic with a diagnosis of OHT were included in the study. Demographic characteristics, physical examination findings of patients and risk factors affecting prognosis of glaucoma in the patient files were analyzed retrospectively. Results: Sixty three patients devolped glaucoma (26.47%) after mean 42.2±32.2 (12-180) months of follow-up. Thirty-nine patients (61.9%) showed no progression in glaucoma, whereas 24 patients (38.1%) showed progression. General characteristics of the patients who showed progression were analyzed and compared to general characteristics of patients who showed no progression. Intraocular pressure (IOP) elevation was significant for causing progression while age, family history, the presence of systemic disease, central corneal thickness (CCT), the presence of myopia, and the presence of disc hemorrhage was not. Conclusion: Follow-up of patients with diagnoses of OHT is important in order to identify patients who developed glaucoma, to determine the time to begin the treatment, and how aggressive the treatment should be. Keeping IOP under control is the most important factor for stabilizing the disease. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: To compare the corneal endothelial protective effects of two different dispersive viscoelastics used in phacoemulsification surgery (sodium hyaluronate % 3 [Endocoat®] and chondroitin sulfate % 4.0 - sodium hyaluronate % 3.0 combination [Viscoat®]). Material and methods: The study was comprised of two groups of patients : Both groups 1 and 2 were composed of 40 eyes of 40 patients on which Endocoat and Viscoat were used during phacoemulsification, respectively. Endothelial cell count (ECC) of all patients was measured at postoperative days 1 and 30. The changes in ECC at postoperative day 30 from baseline were compared between the two groups. Results: The preoperative mean ECCs were 2397±410 cells/mm² in the Viscoat group and 2325±410 cells/mm² in the Endocoat group. The mean ECC decreased by 297 cells/mm² (a 12.3 % loss) in the Viscoat group and by 343 cells/mm²(a 14.7 % loss) in the Endocoat group at postoperative day 30, as is illustrated.There was no statistically significant difference in ECC change at postoperative day 30 between the two groups( p=0.21). Conclusion: The corneal endothelial protective effects of sodium hyaluronate % 3 (EndocoatR) and the combination of chondroitin sulfate 4.0% and sodium hyaluronate % 3.0 (ViscoatR) during the phacoemulsification were similar. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This report describes a rare occurrence of corneal epithelial keratopathy associated with ribociclib, a cyclin-dependent kinase 4/6 (CDK4/6) inhibitor widely used in breast cancer treatment.An 83-year-old female with a recent breast cancer diagnosis presented with blurred vision during the third cycle of ribociclib treatment. Ocular examination revealed corneal epitheliopathy and fluorescein staining findings. Detailed assessments and comparisons were made with existing literature, identifying a few reported cases of vortex keratopathy linked to ribociclib. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first reported case of epitheliopathy.Since it decreased visual acuity, ribociclib treatment was discontinued in consultation with oncology. There was no regression in epithelopathy findings and visual acuity did not improve during follow-up visits.This report underscores the uncommon association between ribociclib and corneal epithelial keratopathy, emphasizing the need for comprehensive monitoring and collaboration between oncologists and ophthalmologists. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: To evaluate the increase of macular thickness after uncomplicated phacoemulsification surgery in diabetic patients by optical coherence tomography (OCT) Materials and Methods: Forty-six eyes of 46 patients who underwent cataract surgery in our clinic were included in this retrospective study. Two groups were formed. Group I consisted of 21 diabetic patients and as the control group, group II consisted of 25 non-diabetic patients who had similar demographical features and underwent surgery at the same period. The demographic data and full ophthalmologic examinations of all patients in each group were recorded. Preoperative and on postoperative 1st day, and at 2nd, 4th, 14th weeks, central macular thickness (CMT) and total maculer volume (TMV) values were measured by OCT. Results: Macular thickness and volume were measured by OCT preoperative and on postoperative 1st day, and at 2nd, 4th, 14th weeks. In group I, macular thickness values were 205.29±18.2 μm, 208.81±19.4 μm, 218.24±19.3 μm, 232.86±14.8 μm, 239.1±11.3 μm respectively. In group II, macular thickness values were 202.52±15.6 μm, 204.12±15.5 μm, 217.32±15.3 μm, 223.08±16.3 μm, 224.28±16.7 μm respectively. Increase of CMT was statistically significant in both groups. However, no statistically significant difference was found between the two groups when compared to each other. Conclusion: After uncomplicated phacoemulsification surgery in both groups, CMT and TMV values showed a statistically significant increase. However, increase of CMT and TMV was similar in both groups and was not statistically significant. After phacoemulsification surgery, increase in macular thickness should be kept in mind. Our study shows that diabetes mellitus does not provide an additional increase in macular thickness and volume. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: To evaluate the effect of ultrasound time (UST) and effective phaco time (EPT), during uncomplicated phacoemulsification surgery, on minimum foveal thickness (MFT) and foveal volume (FV) measured by optical coherence tomography (OCT) in the early postoperative period. Materials and Methods: We retrospectively analyzed, 42 eyes of 42 patients who underwent uncomplicated phacoemulsification surgery from the patient files. The phacoemulsification was performed using the Alcon Infiniti™ Vision System. UST and EPT values detected during uncomplicated phacoemulsification surgery were recorded. MFT and FV values were measured by OCT preoperatively and on the postoperative 1st day, and at 2nd, 4th, and 14th weeks. Results: A statistically significant improvement in visual acuity was found in all eyes on the postoperative 1st day, and at the 2nd, 4th, 14th weeks (p<0.005). MFT and FV values were significantly increased on the postoperative 2nd, 4th and 14th weeks compared to the preoperative period (p<0.005). Mean UST and EPT values detected during surgery were 128.71±44.47 sec, and 22.02±8.39 sec respectively. UST and EPT values were not positively correlated with the MFT and FV values. Conclusion: There was a significant increase in MFT and FV values after uncomplicated phacoemulsification surgery. However, there was no significant relationship between MFT and FV increase and UST and EFT. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Intraocular lens (IOL) opacification is exact cause is unknown rare complication which occurs after many years of cataract surgery. In this report that is intended to present a case of foldable IOL opacity. A 65 year old woman presented with decreased vision in her left eye that increased over time. In the examination of the patient who had undergone cataract surgery in the left eye 14 years ago, IOL optic portion was viewed completely opacified. The IOL parts which removed from the eye were examined in scanning electron microscope to illuminate the cause of opacity. As a result of research shows that the deposition of calcium and phosphate just below the optical part surface which shows radial alignment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: To investigate the effect of pregnancy on subfoveal choroidal thickness (SFCT) and macular thickness in both pregnant and not pregnant healthy women., Methods: Twenty-nine healthy pregnant women in their third trimester and 36 age-matched healthy women were enrolled in a prospective, cross-sectional study. Foveal and parafoveal thickness in the four quadrants and SFCT were measured by optical coherence tomography (OCT) in the healthy pregnant women (i.e. study group) and healthy women (i.e. control group). OCT measurements were again measured 3mo after delivery in the study group., Results: Mean SFCT measurements in the control group, pregnant women of the study group, and after delivery of the study group were 320.86±59.18 µm, 387.97±59.91 µm, and 332.40±26.03 µm, respectively. There was a statistically significant difference in the mean SFCT values between pregnant women of the study group and the control group (P=0.000). Foveal and parafoveal thickness values were not statistically significant in either the study or control group., Conclusion: SFCT increases during pregnancy and returns to normal range in the three months after delivery. Macular thickness does not show any change during pregnancy.