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Solar radio observations at 10-30 MHz have been carried out recently using radio telescopes UTR-2 (world's largest radio telescope at decametric wavelengths near Kharkov, Ukraine) and Uran-2 (Poltava, Ukraine). High sensitivity and time resolution of these observations allowed revealing many new interesting features of the coronal radio emission (V. N. Melnik et al., AIP Conf. Proc., 1206, 2010, pp. 427-432). Results of these observations can be used for studying coronal processes and remote coronal diagnostics. Of our particular interest in the present paper are coronal radio bursts at 23-29 MHz with drift rates implying the emission sources propagating upward with velocities ∼ 108 cm/s. We discuss such radio bursts and propose a feasible generation mechanism for them. © 2015 International Union of Radio Science (URSI).

Support for interactions of spin-3/2 particles is implemented in the FeynRules and ALOHA packages and tested with the MadGraph 5 and CalcHEP event generators in the context of three phenomenological applications. In the first, we implement a spin-3/2 Majorana gravitino field, as in local supersymmetric models, and study gravitino and gluino pair-production. In the second, a spin-3/2 Dirac top-quark excitation, inspired from compositness models, is implemented. We then investigate both top-quark excitation and top-quark pair-production. In the third, a general effective operator for a spin-3/2 Dirac quark excitation is implemented, followed by a calculation of the angular distribution of the s-channel production mechanism.

The recently observed boson at 125 GeV could be a light composite scalar from near-conformal technicolor dynamics: a technicolor Higgs. If this is the case, the unitarization of longitudinal weak boson scattering amplitudes, which is due to exchanges of the Higgs and spin-one vector technimesons, is expected to occur in a strong regime, with saturation of the unitarity bounds. This implies that pp→VVjj processes, where V is either a W or a Z boson, are enhanced, relative to the standard model. We show that this allows probing near-conformal technicolor for couplings and masses of the spin-one resonances which are not directly accessible for direct Drell-Yan production. © 2013 American Physical Society.

We present a general method that allows one to decay narrow resonances in Les Houches Monte Carlo events in an efficient and accurate way. The procedure preserves both spin correlation and finite width effects to a very good accuracy, and is therefore particularly suited for the decay of resonances in production events generated at next-to-leading-order accuracy. The method is implemented as a generic tool in the Mad-Graph5 framework, giving access to a very large set of possible applications. We illustrate the validity of the method and the code by applying it to the case of single top and top quark pair production, and show its capabilities on the case of top quark pair production in association with a Higgs boson.

We present a new model format for automatized matrix-element generators, the so- called Universal FeynRules Output (UFO). The format is universal in the sense that it features compatibility with more than one single generator and is designed to be flexible, modular and agnostic of any assumption such as the number of particles or the color and Lorentz structures appearing in the interaction vertices. Unlike other model formats where text files need to be parsed, the information on the model is encoded into a Python module that can easily be linked to other computer codes. We then describe an interface for the Mathematica package FeynRules that allows for an automatic output of models in the UFO format.

Calculations were performed with the Earth system model of intermediate complexity LOVECLIM to study the response of the Greenland and Antarctic ice sheets to sustained multi-millennial greenhouse warming. Use was made of fully dynamic 3D thermomechanical ice-sheet models bidirectionally coupled to an atmosphere and an ocean model. Two 3,000-year experiments were evaluated following forcing scenarios with atmospheric CO2 concentration increased to two and four times the pre-industrial value, and held constant thereafter. In the high concentration scenario the model shows a sus- tained mean annual warming of up to 10°C in both polar regions. This leads to an almost complete disintegration of the Greenland ice sheet after 3,000 years, almost entirely caused by increased surface melting. Significant volume loss of the Antarctic ice sheet takes many centuries to initiate due to the thermal inertia of the Southern Ocean but is equivalent to more than 4 m of global sea-level rise by the end of simulation period. By that time, surface conditions along the East Antarctic ice sheet margin take on characteristics of the present-day Greenland ice sheet. West Antarctic ice shelves have thinned considerably from subshelf melting and grounding lines have retreated over distances of several 100 km, especially for the Ross ice shelf. In the low concentration scenario, corresponding to a local warming of 3–4°C, polar ice-sheet melting proceeds at a much lower rate. For the first 1,200 years, the Antarctic ice sheet is even slightly larger than today on account of increased accumulation rates but contributes positively to sea-level rise after that. The Greenland ice sheet loses mass at a rate equivalent to 35 cm of global sea level rise during the first 1,000 years increasing to 150 cm during the last 1,000 years. For both scenarios, ice loss from the Antarctic ice sheet is still accelerating after 3,000 years despite a constant greenhouse gas forcing after the first 70–140 years of the

The electron distribution functions from the solar corona to the solar wind are determined in this paper by considering the effects of the external forces, of Coulomb collisions and of the wave – particle resonant interactions in the plasma wave turbulence. The electrons are assumed to be interacting with right-handed polarized waves in the whistler regime. The acceleration of electrons in the solar wind seems to be mainly due to the electrostatic potential. Wave turbulence determines the electron pitch-angle diffusion and some characteristics of the velocity distribution function (VDF) such as suprathermal tails. The role of parallel whistlers can also be extended to small altitudes in the solar wind (the acceleration region of the outer corona), where they may explain the energization and the presence of suprathermal electrons.

A search for events with jets and missing transverse energy is performed in a data sample of pp collisions collected at sqrt(s) = 7 TeV by the CMS experiment at the LHC. The analyzed data sample corresponds to an integrated luminosity of 1.14 fb-1. In this search, a kinematic variable, aT, is used as the main discriminator between events with genuine and misreconstructed missing transverse energy. No excess of events over the standard model expectation is found. Exclusion limits in the parameter space of the constrained minimal supersymmetric extension of the standard model are set. In this model, squark masses below 1.1 TeV are excluded at 95% CL. Gluino masses below 1.1 TeV are also ruled out at 95% CL for values of the universal scalar mass parameter below 500 GeV.

Pierrard and Stegen (2008) has been coupled with the ionospheric IRI model. In addition to the electron number density, the plasmaspheric model is also developed to include the temperature profiles of the different particles and ion composition at altitudes from 60 to 2000 km. Results of the model for the F region trough are compared with coincident observations of middle and top ionosphere by means of satellite tomography and radar measurements. A good match between the model and observations supports the idea that the present model is useful for investigating physical mechanism involved in the plasmasphere‐ionosphere coupling and for acquiring information about the plasmaspheric behaviour based on ionospheric observations

The matrix element method (MEM) has been extensively used for the analysis of top-quark and W-boson physics at the Tevatron, but in general without dedicated treatment of initial state QCD radiation. At the LHC, the increased center of mass energy leads to a significant increase in the amount of QCD radiation, which makes it mandatory to carefully account for its effects. We here present several methods for inclusion of QCD radiation effects in the MEM, and apply them to mass determination in the presence of multiple invisible particles in the final state. We demonstrate significantly improved results compared to the standard treatment.

In this work, we investigate the role of the electronic correlations in the two-photon XUV single ionization-excitation and in the electron-impact ionization-excitation of the helium atom. In the two-photon process, we show by means of perturbative Floquet treatment that like for the sequential transition, the core resonances are present in the partial and total cross sections in a regime where two-photon double ionization is direct. We analyse the physical origin of these resonances. Concerning the electron-impact process, we use a first-order time-independent perturbative theory where the wave function of the initial and the final states includes the electronic correlation rigourously. In particular, we study the role of the exit channels leading to the autoionization of the atom. A detailed comparison between theoretical predictions and experimental data is presented and discussed. Interesting perspectives are given in the conclusion. We investigate the influence of the electron's anomalous magnetic moment on the process of relativistic Mott scattering in a powerful electromagnetic plane wave for which the ponderomotive energy is of the order of the magnitude of the electron's rest mass. For this purpose, we use the Coulomb-Dirac-Volkov and the Dirac-Volkov functions with the electron's anomaly to describe the initial and final states respectively. First-order Born differential cross sections of induced and inverse bremsstrahlung are obtained for linearly and circularly polarized laser light. Numerical calculations are carried out for various parameters values, (i.e. scattering angle, the nucleus charge, photon energy, electrical field) and are compared with results obtained by Li et al. [J. Phys. B: At. Mol. Opt. Phys. 37, 653 (2004)]. It is found that for parameters used in the present work, incorporating the anomaly of the electron in the initial and final states yields cross sections which are strongly modified whatever the scattering geometry as compared to, Dans ce travail, nous étudions le rôle des corrélations électroniques lors des processus d'ionisation-excitation de l'hélium par absorption de deux photons XUV d'une part, et d'autre part, par impact électronique. Dans le cas du processus photonique, nous montrons à l'aide d'un traitement de Floquet perturbatif, qu'à l'instar des transitions séquentielles, les résonances de coeur sont présentes dans les sections efficaces partielles et totales d'ionisation-excitation directes. Nous discutons l'origine physique de ces résonances. Dans le cas du processus électronique, nous effectuons un calcul perturbatif du premier ordre où les états initial et final sont décrits par des fonctions d'onde prenant en compte les corrélations électroniques de manière rigoureuse. Nous étudions en particulier, le rôle des canaux de sortie conduisant à l'autoionisation de l'hélium. Une comparaison détaillée de nos résultats avec d'autres résultats théoriques et des résultats expérimentaux disponibles est présentée et discutée. Ce travail ouvre les perspectives intéressantes qui sont reprises dans la conclusion. Nous étudions les effets de l'anomalie du moment magnétique (AMM) de l'électron dans la diffusion relativiste de Mott assistée par champ laser ultra intense pour lequel l'énergie pondéromotrice de l'électron est de l'ordre de la masse invariante de l'électron. A cet effet, nous utilisons les fonctions d'onde de Coulomb-Dirac-Volkov et de Dirac-Volkov avec AMM pour décrire respectivement les états initial et final. Nous calculons dans la première approximation de Born, les sections efficaces différentielles du processus de bremsstrahlung induit et inverse pour un champ laser polarisé linéairement et circulairement. Les calculs numériques sont effectués pour plusieurs paramètres cinématiques (angle de diffusion, charge du noyau, fréquence du photon, champ électrique) et ils sont comparés à ceux de Li et al. [J. Phys. B: At. Mol. Opt. Phys. 37, 653 (2004)]. Nous trouvons que pour les p, (PHYS 3) -- UCL, 2010

Mercury's internal structure is the most puzzling among the terrestrial planets and the BepiColombo space mission will play an important role in advancing our understanding of the structure, formation, and evolution of Mercury. Mercury possesses a slow rotation period of 58,6 days and revolves around the Sun in 88 days, revealing a 3:2 spin-orbit resonance. The planet exhibits an equatorial asymmetry from which a solar torque arises, which induces a periodic variation of the planet's rotation, or libration, with a period of 88 days. In the presence of a liquid core, the amplitude of the forced libration will be greatly enhanced compared to the amplitude in the case of a completely solidified planetary interior because a liquid core does not participate in the libration and the moment of inertia of the mantle is about half of the total moment of inertia of Mercury. Insight into Mercury’s deep interior will be obtained from observations from the “rotation experiment”, which will involve observations of the 88-day forced libration, the obliquity, and the gravity field of Mercury. The librations will be determined from the comparison of target surface positions at different times using an onboard camera. We have simulated repeated photographic measurements of selected target positions on the surface of Mercury in order to estimate the accuracy of the reconstruction of the orientation and rotational motion of the planet, as a function of the orbit of the spacecraft, different surface illuminations, the number of different targets considered and their locations on the surface of the planet. We show that the obliquity and libration can be retrieved through the rotation experiment to a precision level meeting or exceeding the minimum BepiColombo mission requirements., (PHYS 3) -- UCL, 2010

The appearance of noncommuting spatial coordinates is studied in quantum systems containing a magnetic monopole and under the influence of a radial potential. We derive expressions for the commutators of the coordinates that have been restricted to the lowest energy level. Quantum corrections are found to previous results by Frenkel and Pereira based on quantizing the Dirac brackets of the classical theory. For two different potentials, the modified harmonic oscillator potential and the modified Coulomb potential, we also calculate the commutators for a projection to a fixed energy level. Comment: 8 pages, Latex

Although widely used in practice, the behavior and accuracy of the popular module identification technique called modularity maximization is not well understood in practical contexts. Here, we present a broad characterization of its performance in such situations. First, we revisit and clarify the resolution limit phenomenon for modularity maximization. Second, we show that the modularity function Q exhibits extreme degeneracies: it typically admits an exponential number of distinct high-scoring solutions and typically lacks a clear global maximum. Third, we derive the limiting behavior of the maximum modularity Q(max) for one model of infinitely modular networks, showing that it depends strongly both on the size of the network and on the number of modules it contains. Finally, using three real-world metabolic networks as examples, we show that the degenerate solutions can fundamentally disagree on many, but not all, partition properties such as the composition of the largest modules and the distribution of module sizes. These results imply that the output of any modularity maximization procedure should be interpreted cautiously in scientific contexts. They also explain why many heuristics are often successful at finding high-scoring partitions in practice and why different heuristics can disagree on the modular structure of the same network. We conclude by discussing avenues for mitigating some of these behaviors, such as combining information from many degenerate solutions or using generative models.

We propose an algorithm for the reconstruction of the signal induced by cosmic strings in the cosmic microwave background (CMB), from radio-interferometric data at arcminute resolution. Radio interferometry provides incomplete and noisy Fourier measurements of the string signal, which exhibits sparse or compressible magnitude of the gradient due to the Kaiser-Stebbins effect. In this context, the versatile framework of compressed sensing naturally applies for solving the corresponding inverse problem. Our algorithm notably takes advantage of a model of the prior statistical distribution of the signal fitted on the basis of realistic simulations. Enhanced performance relative to the standard CLEAN algorithm is demonstrated by simulated observations under noise conditions including primary and secondary CMB anisotropies.

Given a two-dimensional smooth manifold M and a bijective projection p from M on a fixed plane (or a subset of that plane), we explore systematically how a wavelet transform (WT) on M may be generated from a plane WT by the inverse projection p(-1). Examples where the projection maps the whole manifold onto a plane include the two-sphere, the upper sheet of the two-sheeted hyperboloid and the Paraboloid. When no such global projection is available, the construction may be performed locally, i.e., around a given point on M. We apply this procedure both to the continuous WT, already treated in the literature, and to the discrete WT. Finally, we discuss the case of a WT oil a graph, for instance, the graph defined by linking the elements of a discrete set of points on the manifold. (C) 2009 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

The CMS Collaboration conducted a month-long data-taking exercise known as the Cosmic Run At Four Tesla in late 2008 in order to complete the commissioning of the experiment for extended operation. The operational lessons resulting from this exercise were addressed in the subsequent shutdown to better prepare CMS for LHC beams in 2009. The cosmic data collected have been invaluable to study the performance of the detectors, to commission the alignment and calibration techniques, and to make several cosmic ray measurements. The experimental setup, conditions, and principal achievements from this data-taking exercise are described along with a review of the preceding integration activities.

The CMS Level-1 trigger was used to select cosmic ray muons and LHC beam events during data-taking runs in 2008, and to estimate the level of detector noise. This paper describes the trigger components used, the algorithms that were executed, and the trigger synchronisation. Using data from extended cosmic ray runs, the muon, electron/photon, and jet triggers have been validated, and their performance evaluated. Efficiencies were found to be high, resolutions were found to be good, and rates as expected.

The CMS experiment uses self-triggering arrays of drift tubes in the barrel muon trigger to perform the identification of the correct bunch crossing. The identification is unique only if the trigger chain is correctly synchronized. In this paper, the synchronization performed during an extended cosmic ray run is described and the results are reported. The random arrival time of cosmic ray muons allowed several synchronization aspects to be studied and a simple method for the fine synchronization of the Drift Tube Local Trigger at LHC to be developed.

The performance of the Local Trigger based on the drift-tube system of the CMS experiment has been studied using muons from cosmic ray events collected during the commissioning of the detector in 2008. The properties of the system are extensively tested and compared with the simulation. The effect of the random arrival time of the cosmic rays on the trigger performance is reported, and the results are compared with the design expectations for proton-proton collisions and with previous measurements obtained with muon beams.

The CMS detector is designed around a large 4 T superconducting solenoid, enclosed in a 12000-tonne steel return yoke. A detailed map of the magnetic field is required for the accurate simulation and reconstruction of physics events in the CMS detector, not only in the inner tracking region inside the solenoid but also in the large and complex structure of the steel yoke, which is instrumented with muon chambers. Using a large sample of cosmic muon events collected by CMS in 2008, the field in the steel of the barrel yoke has been determined with a precision of 3 to 8% depending on the location.

This paper describes the calibration procedure for the drift tubes of the CMS barrel muon system and reports the main results obtained with data collected during a high statistics cosmic ray data-taking period. The main goal of the calibration is to determine, for each drift cell, the minimum time delay for signals relative to the trigger, accounting for the drift velocity within the cell. The accuracy of the calibration procedure is influenced by the random arrival time of the cosmic muons relative to the LHC clock cycle. A more refined analysis of the drift velocity was performed during the offline reconstruction phase, which takes into account this feature of cosmic ray events

The performance of muon reconstruction in CMS is evaluated using a large data sample of cosmic-ray muons recorded in 2008. Efficiencies of various high-level trigger, identification, and reconstruction algorithms have been measured for a broad range of muon momenta, and were found to be in good agreement with expectations from Monte Carlo simulation. The relative momentum resolution for muons crossing the barrel part of the detector is better than 1% at 10 GeV/c and is about 8% at 500 GeV/c, the latter being only a factor of two worse than expected with ideal alignment conditions. Muon charge misassignment ranges from less than 0.01% at 10 GeV/c to about 1% at 500 GeV/c.

The CMS High-Level Trigger (HLT) is responsible for ensuring that data samples with potentially interesting events are recorded with high efficiency and good quality. This paper gives an overview of the HLT and focuses on its commissioning using cosmic rays. The selection of triggers that were deployed is presented and the online grouping of triggered events into streams and primary datasets is discussed. Tools for online and offline data quality monitoring for the HLT are described, and the operational performance of the muon HLT algorithms is reviewed. The average time taken for the HLT selection and its dependence on detector and operating conditions are presented. The HLT performed reliably and helped provide a large dataset. This dataset has proven to be invaluable for understanding the performance of the trigger and the CMS experiment as a whole.

The operation and general performance of the CMS electromagnetic calorimeter using cosmic-ray muons are described. These muons were recorded after the closure of the CMS detector in late 2008. The calorimeter is made of lead tungstate crystals and the overall status of the 75 848 channels corresponding to the barrel and endcap detectors is reported. The stability of crucial operational parameters, such as high voltage, temperature and electronic noise, is summarised and the performance of the light monitoring system is presented.

In October and November 2008, the CMS collaboration conducted a programme of cosmic ray data taking, which has recorded about 270 million events. The Resistive Plate Chamber system, which is part of the CMS muon detection system, was successfully operated in the full barrel. More than 98% of the channels were operational during the exercise with typical detection efficiency of 90%. In this paper, the performance of the detector during these dedicated runs is reported

The resolution and the linearity of time measurements made with the CMS electromagnetic calorimeter are studied with samples of data from test beam electrons, cosmic rays, and beam-produced muons. The resulting time resolution measured by lead tungstate crystals is better than 100 ps for energy deposits larger than 10 GeV. Crystal-to-crystal synchronization with a precision of 500 ps is performed using muons produced with the first LHC beams in 2008.

Commissioning studies of the CMS hadron calorimeter have identified sporadic uncharacteristic noise and a small number of malfunctioning calorimeter channels. Algorithms have been developed to identify and address these problems in the data. The methods have been tested on cosmic ray muon data, calorimeter noise data, and single beam data collected with CMS in 2008. The noise rejection algorithms can be applied to LHC collision data at the trigger level or in the offline analysis. The application of the algorithms at the trigger level is shown to remove 90% of noise events with fake missing transverse energy above 100 GeV, which is sufficient for the CMS physics trigger operation.

This paper discusses the design and performance of the time measurement technique and of the synchronization systems of the CMS hadron calorimeter. Time measurement performance results are presented from test beam data taken in the years 2004 and 2006. For hadronic showers of energy greater than 100 GeV, the timing resolution is measured to be about 1.2 ns. Time synchronization and out-of-time background rejection results are presented from the Cosmic Run At Four Tesla and LHC beam runs taken in the Autumn of 2008. The inter-channel synchronization is measured to be within ±2 ns.

The CMS Collaboration conducted a month-long data taking exercise, the Cosmic Run At Four Tesla, during October-November 2008, with the goal of commissioning the experiment for extended operation. With all installed detector systems participating, CMS recorded 270 million cosmic ray events with the solenoid at a magnetic field strength of 3.8 T. This paper describes the data flow from the detector through the various online and offline computing systems, as well as the workflows used for recording the data, for aligning and calibrating the detector, and for analysis of the data.

The pixel detector of the Compact Muon Solenoid experiment consists of three barrel layers and two disks for each endcap. The detector was installed in summer 2008, commissioned with charge injections, and operated in the 3.8 T magnetic field during cosmic ray data taking. This paper reports on the first running experience and presents results on the pixel tracker performance, which are found to be in line with the design specifications of this detector. The transverse impact parameter resolution measured in a sample of high momentum muons is 18 microns.

During autumn 2008, the Silicon Strip Tracker was operated with the full CMS experiment in a comprehensive test, in the presence of the 3.8 T magnetic field produced by the CMS superconducting solenoid. Cosmic ray muons were detected in the muon chambers and used to trigger the readout of all CMS sub-detectors. About 15 million events with a muon in the tracker were collected. The efficiency of hit and track reconstruction were measured to be higher than 99% and consistent with expectations from Monte Carlo simulation. This article details the commissioning and performance of the Silicon Strip Tracker with cosmic ray muons.

The CMS muon system has been aligned using cosmic-ray muons collected in 2008 and beam-halo muons from the 2008 LHC circulating beam tests. After alignment, the resolution of the most sensitive coordinate is 80 microns for the relative positions of superlayers in the same barrel chamber and 270 microns for the relative positions of endcap chambers in the same ring structure. The resolution on the position of the central barrel chambers relative to the tracker is comprised between two extreme estimates, 200 and 700 microns, provided by two complementary studies. With minor modifications, the alignment procedures can be applied using muons from LHC collisions, leading to additional significant improvements.

Bose-Einstein correlations have been measured using samples of proton-proton collisions at 0.9 and 2.36 TeV center-of-mass energies, recorded by the CMS experiment at the CERN Large Hadron Collider. The signal is observed in the form of an enhancement of pairs of same-sign charged particles with small relative four-momentum. The size of the correlated particle emission region is seen to increase significantly with the particle multiplicity of the event.

Results on two-particle angular correlations for charged particles emitted in proton-proton collisions at center-of-mass energies of 0.9, 2.36, and 7 TeV are presented, using data collected with the CMS detector over a broad range of pseudorapidity (eta) and azimuthal angle (phi). Short-range correlations in Delta(eta), which are studied in minimum bias events, are characterized using a simple "independent cluster" parametrization in order to quantify their strength (cluster size) and their extent in eta (cluster decay width). Long-range azimuthal correlations are studied differentially as a function of charged particle multiplicity and particle transverse momentum using a 980 inverse nb data set at 7 TeV. In high multiplicity events, a pronounced structure emerges in the two-dimensional correlation function for particle pairs with intermediate transverse momentum of 1-3 GeV/c, 2.0< |Delta(eta)| <4.8 and Delta(phi) near 0. This is the first observation of such a long-range, near-side feature in two-particle correlation functions in pp or p p-bar collisions.

Investigations during the last twenty-!ve years have demonstrated that the astronomically related 19, 23 and 41-kyr quasi-periodicities actually occur in long records of the Quaternary climate. But the same investigations identi!ed also the largest climatic cycle as being about 100-kyr long. This cycle, the most striking feature of the Quaternary paleoclimate records, is characterized by long glacial periods followed by a short interglacial (!10 to 15 kyr long). Different sources for this so-called 100-kyr cycle have been found in the astronomical parameters and in the insolation itself. The most popular astronomical one is certainly the eccentricity with the largest spectral components around 100-kyr being 94 945, 123 297, 99 590 and 131 248 years (Berger, 1978). For insolation, it is known that there is only a very weak signal around 100-kyr coming from eccentricity itself. Moreover, the 100-kyr signal in eccentricity is fading away in the upper Pleistocene, at the same time that it appears to be stronger and stronger in paleoclimate records. Therefore, eccentricity cannot be related to either the orbital forcing or to the climate response by any simple linear mechanism. Actually, the variance components centered near the 100-kyr cycle seem to be in phase with the eccentricity cycle, but its exceptional strength in the climate record demands a non-linear ampli!cation. It was already suggested that this can be done by the ice sheet (Imbrie and Imbrie, 1980), the carbon cycle (Shackleton, 2000) and/or the ocean circulation (Imbrie et al., 1993), all arguments which imply that climate model must be used to test the origin of this 100-kyr cycle in paleoclimate records. Such a model has been developed in Louvain-la-Neuve for the Northern Hemisphere and used to perform sensitivity analyses to the astronomically-driven insolation changes and to the atmospheric CO2 concentration over the Quaternary. Assuming a CO2 concentration decreasing linearly from 320 ppmv at 3 Myr B

In this paper, we develop an adjustable Fuzzy Extractor using the Physical Unclonable Functions (PUF) obtained by a common laser engraving method to sign physical objects. In particular, a string (or helper data) is generated by XORing a binary reduction of the PUF observation with the encoding of a randomly generated key, or identifier. Since the binary reduction (or hash) relies on keeping the sign of few random projections of the observation, a measure concentration property bounds, with a controlled accuracy, the distance between two different hashes in function of this of the original images. The error correcting code used to encode the identifier stabilizes therefore both the observation noise and the hashing distortion. In a verification stage, reobserving the PUF with the helper data in hand allows one to authenticate the object if the identifier can be exactly recovered. We conclude this work by calibrating and challenging the system on a database of laser-written PUFs, balancing helper data size, that is, hashing dimensions, and system security.

Partial Inner Product (PIP) Spaces are ubiquitous, e.g. Rigged Hilbert spaces, chains of Hilbert or Banach spaces (such as the Lebesgue spaces Lp over the real line), etc. In fact, most functional spaces used in (quantum) physics and in signal processing are of this type. The book contains a systematic analysis of PIP spaces and operators defined on them. Numerous examples are described in detail and a large bibliography is provided. Finally, the last chapters cover the many applications of PIP spaces in physics and in signal/image processing, respectively. As such, the book will be useful both for researchers in mathematics and practitioners of these disciplines.

We all know that Galileo imagined at least two problems that will later on concern elasticity, namely the problem of the hanging chain or catenaria and the fracture of the built in beam which will lead to the study of the deflection of such a beam known as elastica. The author starts the story of those problems in 1684, with the publication of two papers by Leibniz. The first one is the famous Nova methodus, where Leibniz gave the principal ideas for the differential and integral Calculus. The second paper is providing “new demonstrations on the resistance of bodies”, (Demonstrationes novae de resistentia solidorum), where he explained that before breaking, the beam is deflected. So he gave a model of deflection, using Hooke’s law of extension Leibniz’ model will give Jacob Bernoulli the possibility of applying the Calculus to the deflection of a beam.

L’article a pour but de décrire brièvement l'histoire et le contenu des archives «Henri Bosmans». La nécessité d'être concis nous pousse à dégager les lignes directrices de la recherche de Bosmans et à en donner certaines limites. Mais aussi, et c'est là l'intérêt que nous y voyons, de déterminer ce qui, dans l'œuvre de Bosmans d'une part et dans ses archives de l'autre, garde une très grande valeur à l'heure actuelle, au point de pousser Georges Sarton (18841956) à publier, en février 1949, An Appeal for the Republication in Book form of Father Bosmans' Studies on Belgian Mathematics in the 16th and 17th centuries et Thomas F. Mulcrone, s.j.(19l2-l996), en 1957, un Wanted: A successor to fr. Henri Bosmans, s.j. Nous tâcherons également de montrer qu'en dehors de l'œuvre publiée, ces archives contiennent des éléments précieux.