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From Kasmir to Kanyakumari, as India is having many poor people with no daily income, based on humanity, we are making an advanced technical attempt to help them with a possible daily income by manual production of green current, green hydrogen and green oxygen. To have sufficient fuel, to have an efficient fuel and to reduce pollution levels, world transportation system badly needs eco-friendly hydrogen and the whole earthy environment is in a serious quest for oxygen. To resolve the above basic issues, it is planned to produce hydrogen and oxygen by means of alkaline electrolysis with external magnetic field (IIT, Mumbai, India) for a better productivity, accomplished by electricity produced from medium capacity alternators operated by human physical energy. To fulfill this requirement, it is planned to take the help of illiterates, healthy beggars, Rikshawala like poor people and farmers having no crop field or no crop yield. With efficient pedaling and gearing mechanisms associated with heavy fly wheels, 10 of 20 persons forming as a group can be allowed to run any alternator round the clock in 8-hour shift system for 4 alternative hours without any physical strain. By considering our proposal, 1) Hydrogen fuel required for running Fuel cells and Internal combustion engines can be generated in large quantity with a de-central system having unlimited number of medium capacity alternators spread across entire India. 2) Generated oxygen can be released to atmosphere and air pollution levels can be diluted to a greater extent across India. 3) Recycled waste water or sewage water can also be used. 4) Multiple number of small scale units can be set up with 5 to 10 alternators and production of hydrogen by electrolysis can be increased from 5% to (30 to 40) % of total production of hydrogen. 5) To some extent, as long as Hydrogen is considered as a fuel, employment problem, hydrogen scarcity and air pollution issues can be resolved. With further study, research and direct involvement of state and central governments, industrialists, scientists and engineers, this proposal can be implemented a full-fledged manner from Kashmir to Kanykumari. Our proposal can be considered as one of the best coordinating schemes for-fulfilling Indian transportation fuel needs, Indian poor people struggling for getting daily wages and saving mother earth from CO2, SO2 and NOx like harmful gases. This project can be implemented in any country having poor people.

Aim of this paper is to highlight the four major applications of Cold Nuclear fusion (CNF). Considering Google publications, NASA publications, European funding amounts and other important experimental results, we have developed a mechanism for understanding the mystery of energy liberation in CNF associated with fusion of hydrogen with metals. Apart from clean thermal energy liberation, we have identified three important applications of CNF. They are: Preparing Iridium-, Platinum-and Gold-like costly elements from Tungsten-like elements, converting high level nuclear radioactive waste into stable atomic nuclides and preparing radioactive isotopes for medical applications. It may be noted that, we have developed a common, simple and workable theoretical procedure for understanding the above applications and it needs funding for conducting experimental studies. We emphasize the point that, our proposed scientific concept of CNF is practical compared to other theoretical models of cold nuclear fusion.

With reference to our recently proposed Planck Scale White Hole Cosmology (PS-WHC) or Flat Space Cosmology (PS-FSC), we make an attempt to quantify galactic dark matter and flat rotation speeds in terms of galactic visible matter and cosmic mass. Considering recently observed dwarf galaxies having very little dark matter and assuming a time dependent reference mass unit of $M_X\cong \left(\mbox{3.0 to 4.0}\right)\times 10^{38}$ kg, we suggest an empirical relation for galactic dark matter $M_d$ via galactic visible mass $M_v$ as,$M_d \cong \frac{M_v^{3/2}}{M_X^{1/2}}$. This relation helps in fitting flat rotation speeds starting from 8 km/sec (for Segue 2) to 500 km/sec (for UGC12591). Modifying MOND's galactic flat rotation speed relation with Hubble mass $M_0\cong \left(\frac{c^3}{2GH_0}\right)$ of the universe, ratio of galactic flat rotation speed $V_G$ to speed of light $c$ can be shown to be approximately $\frac{V_G}{c} \cong 0.5 \left(\frac{M_v}{M_0}\right)^{1/4}$. Considering the sum of galactic dark matter and visible matter, ratio of galactic flat rotation speed to speed of light can be shown to be approximately $\frac{V_G}{c}\cong 0.25 \left(\frac{M_v+M_d}{M_0}\right)^{1/4}$. With further study, dark matter's nature, effect and distribution can be understood in terms of visible matter's extended gravity and extended theories of gravity can be understood with 'distance cosmic mass' rather than the empirical 'minimum acceleration'.

With reference to our earlier published views on large nuclear gravitational constant Gs, nuclear elementary charge es and strong coupling constant αs ≅ e/es 2, in this paper, we present simple relations for nuclear stability range, binding energy of isotopes and magic proton numbers. Even though ‘speculative’ in nature, proposed concepts are simple to understand, easy to implement, result oriented, effective and unified. Our proposed model seems to span across the Planck scale and nuclear scale and can be called as SPAN model (STRANGE* physics of atomic nucleus)

As there exist no repulsive forces in strong interaction, in a hypothetical approach, strong interaction can be assumed to be equivalent to a large gravitational coupling. Based on this concept, strong coupling constant can be defined as a ratio of the electromagnetic force and the gravitational force associated with proton, neutron, up quark and down quark. With respect to the product of strong coupling constant and fine structure ratio, we review our recently proposed two semi empirical relations and coefficients 0.00189 and 0.00642 connected with nuclear stability and binding energy. We wish to emphasize that- by classifying nucleons as ‘free nucleons’ and ‘active nucleons’, nuclear binding energy can be fitted with a new class of ‘three term’ formula having one unique energy coefficient. Based on the geometry and quantum nature, currently believed harmonic oscillator and spin orbit magic numbers can be considered as the lower and upper “mass limits” of quark clusters.

As there exist no repulsive forces in strong interaction, in a hypothetical approach, strong interaction can be assumed to be equivalent to a large gravitational coupling. Based on this concept, strong coupling constant can be defined as a ratio of the electromagnetic force and the gravitational force associated with proton, neutron, up quark and down quark. With respect to the product of strong coupling constant and fine structure ratio, we review our recently proposed two semi empirical relations and coefficients 0.00189 and 0.00642 connected with nuclear stability and binding energy. We wish to emphasize that- by classifying nucleons as ‘free nucleons’ and ‘active nucleons’, nuclear binding energy can be fitted with a new class of ‘three term’ formula having one unique energy coefficient. In table-3, we present the estimated nuclear binding energy data for Z=3 to 120 and compare it with the two standard semi empirical mass formulae as a supplementary file.

Throughout the cosmic evolution, currently believed cosmic “critical density” can be shown to be a default result of the “positively curved” light speed rotating black hole universe “mass density”. As there is no observational or experimental evidence to Friedmann’s second assumption, the density classification scheme of Friedmann cosmology must be reviewed at fundamental level and possibly can be relinquished. With cosmic light speed rotation galactic rotational curves can be understood. The observed cosmic redshift can be reinterpreted as an index of “cosmological” thermodynamic light emission mechanism. Clearly speaking during cosmic evolution, at any time in the past, in hydrogen atom—emitted photon energy was always inversely proportional to the cosmic temperature. Thus past light emitted from older galaxy’s excited hydrogen atom will show redshift with reference to the current laboratory data. Note that there will be no change in the energy of the emitted photon during its journey from the distant galaxy to the observer. Past high cosmic temperature may be the root cause of observed super novae dimming. By considering the “Stoney mass” as the initial mass of the baby cosmic black hole, past and current physical and thermal parameters (like angular velocity, growth rate, age, redshift, thermal energy density and matter density) of the cosmic black hole can be understood. For a past cosmic temperature of 3000 K, obtained redshift is 1100. From now onwards, CMBR temperature can be called as “Comic Black Hole’s Thermal Radiation” temperature and can be expressed as “CBHTR” temperature. Current cosmic black hole is growing at a rate of 14.66 km/sec in a decelerating mode. In view of the confirmed zero rate of change, the current CMBR temperature (from satellite data) and zero rate of change in the current Hubble’s constant (from satellite data), it can be suggested that, current cosmic expansion is almost all saturated and at present there is no significant cosmic acceleration. From microscopic physics point of view, can be considered as a true index of future cosmic rate of expansion.

With reference to Planck scale Hubble parameter, super luminal expansion speeds, super luminal rotation speeds, Mach’s principle and Holographic principle, we review the current cosmological observations with eight simple assumptions. By understanding Yuri N. Obukhov and V.A. Korotky proposed cosmic rotational effects of polarization of radiation due to massive bodies, to some extent cosmic rotation can be deep-rooted in an observational approach and the ratio of current angular velocity and Hubble parameter can be estimated. It is possible to show that, at H0 =70 km/sec/Mpc, current cosmic temperature, age, radius, mass, mass density are 2.721 K, 4.41x1017 sec, 90 billion light years, 1.14654x1054 kg, 0.0482 times the current critical density respectively. Clearly speaking, current universe seems to constitute 267 Hubble spheres. Important point to be noted is that, current rotational kinetic energy is 0.6667 times the current critical energy. Based on the estimated current mass density and current rotational kinetic energy, current cosmic dark matter density can be shown to be 0.2851 times the current critical density. These numerical coincidences cast serious doubt on the on the real existence of currently believed ‘dark energy’. Initial and current expansion speeds are 3x108 m/sec and 3.56x109 m/sec respectively. With increasing cosmic age and increasing cosmic expansion speed, current universe is expanding with a speed of 11.885c. By knowing the time to time future cosmic temperatures, future Hubble parameters and corresponding future cosmic expansion speeds can be estimated and thus future expansion speed can be understood. Starting from ‘speed of light’, our model assumes a continuous increase in expansion speed and attains a current radius of 90 billion light years (without inflationary concepts) and casts a serious doubt on the actuality of currently believed ‘inflation’.