Author: "U. o." - Searchworks@Jio Institute Digital Library Search Results

3,352 results on '"U. o."'

1. Technological discourse in the Russian media: Main strategies for representing artificial intelligence

Author: Zh. V. Puzanova, A. G. Tertyshnikova, and U. O. Pavlova
Subjects: artificial intelligence, sociology of technology, discourse analysis, technological framing, content analysis, mass media, Sociology (General), HM401-1281
Abstract: Public perception of artificial intelligence may not coincide with its actual capabilities, but it plays the key role in how algorithms are developed, implemented, used and regulated. Mass media are not bystanders to this perception but shape public opinion: they influence attitudes towards technologies by setting the agenda and framing news. Given the fact that the issues of artificial intelligence have become increasingly requested in search engines and discussed on news resources in 2023-2024, we need to focus on the dominants of technological discourse and control over the transformation of society under the influence of new technological forms/orders. The sociological study conducted by the authors aimed at identifying representations and strategies for constructing the image of artificial intelligence in the Russian media under the active implementation and routinization of algorithmic technologies. The study was based on the discourse analysis as developed by sociology of knowledge - to understand how social actors form and use discursive strategies to realize their own interests. The article presents the results of the analysis, showing how the media represent artificial intelligence, which actors participate in the discussion and what meta-frames for the technology the media use. Thus, the authors mention that the news discourse at the time of the study was not sensitive to the potential risks of algorithms: possible negative consequences were considered less often than advantages, and the list of threats was usually incomplete and rather hyperbolic. The authors focus on the tendency to perceive artificial intelligence systems as superior to human capabilities, which can lead to the anthropomorphization of technical progress, and, therefore, to new ethical and social challenges.
Published: 2024
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2. Effects of Transesterification Process Parameters on Production of Biodiesel from Oil Extracted From Cat Fish Using Raw, Acid, Alkaline and Thermally Modified Potassium Hydroxide as Catalyst

Author: V. C. Nwakwuribe, C. P. Nwadinobi, U. O. Igri, N. C. Ochiabuto, and N. C. Ibegbu
Subjects: Biodiesel, Renewable energy, Cat fish oil, Potassium Hydroxide, Transesterification, Science
Abstract: This research work was aimed at studying the effects of transesterification process parameters on the production of biodiesel from oil extracted from catfish using raw, acid, alkaline, and thermally modified potassium hydroxide from clay as catalysts. The catfish oil was extracted using an oven at a temperature of 35 °C. The extracted catfish oil was converted into biodiesel using the transesterification method at a constant temperature of 60 °C for 60 min. The process parameters for the production of biodiesel from fish oil using raw, acidic, alkaline, and thermally modified potassium hydroxide from clay as catalysts were analyzed. The process parameters: methanol to oil molal ratio (mol/mol), catalyst concentration (weight%), reaction time (hours), reaction temperature (°C) and agitation speed (rpm) were the independent variables used in determining the biodiesel yield (vol/vol), which was the dependent variable. The experimental or actual maximum optimal biodiesel yield for biodiesel production from the process parameters had different yields using the fish oil with raw, acid, alkaline, and thermal KOH as catalysts. Results obtained showed the highest biodiesel yield was obtained at a reaction time of 3 hours, a reaction temperature of 70 °C, a methanol/sample molal ratio of 12:1, a catalyst concentration of 4 wt%, and an agitation speed of 400 rpm, respectively. It was also observed that the agitation speed and the thermally modified KOH catalyst had a significant effect on the biodiesel yield.
Published: 2024

3. Changes in the structure and properties of road bitumen during its thermal stabilization

Author: N. I. Shestakov, N. V. Khokhlova, Yu. E. Vasiliev, and U. O. Menkina
Subjects: bitumen, thermal stabilization, stearic acid, industrial oil, weight loss, bitumen ageing, Architecture, NA1-9428, Construction industry, HD9715-9717.5
Abstract: Introduction. Petroleum bitumen is the main component of road surfaces, which play an important role in ensuring the safety and comfort of vehicle traffic. Over time, bitumen undergoes ageing, which leads to changes in its physical and chemical properties. Such changes cause a decrease in the quality of road surfaces, deterioration of their performance characteristics and reduction of durability. The analysis of research in the field of bitumen thermal stabilization, which is of great importance for optimization of technological processes at high temperatures, was carried out. The optimal composition of modified bitumen using stearic acid, industrial oil was determined.Materials and methods. Bitumen undergoes serious changes during technological processes, during the transition from the bulk to the film state under the influence of high temperatures. Thus, thermal stability of bitumen is an important condition for preserving its quality at all stages of its life cycle. The issue of bitumen thermal stabilization with the use of stearic acid T-18 in combination with industrial oil I-20, which lead to increased resistance from external factors, is considered. To establish the degree of influence of modifying components on bitumen properties, a two-factor rotatable experiment with varying the amount of industrial oil and stearic acid additives, was performed.Results. The compositions and properties of the obtained modified bitumen were studied. The analysis of the obtained results shows that the effect of stearic acid on bitumen penetration is about 6 times higher than the effect of industrial oil, while both components together have insignificant effect on the other studied properties of bitumen.Conclusions. In order to further study thermal stability on the optimal versions of bitumen compositions, studies on mass retention of bitumen films at temperatures from 160 to 220 °C were performed. According to the obtained results, it was found that the effectiveness of stearic acid is manifested at higher temperatures and reaches values up to 25 %.
Published: 2023
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4. The energy crisis in the EU: measures to tackle and their effectiveness

Author: U. O. Rybachik
Subjects: european union, eu, energy crisis, energy policy, repowereu, International relations, JZ2-6530
Abstract: The onset of the 2022 energy crisis, the impact of which is felt by the whole world, and especially Europe, has radically changed the existing mechanisms of the European Union energy policy. It is therefore necessary to assess energy policy’s new directions and implementation measures. After providing a summary of the key reasons for the energy crisis in Europe, the article assessed the new measures and mechanisms, as well as the reasons for their adoption by the European Commission. The article revealed the influence of the actions taken on the state of the energy sector of the European Union, as well as their role in the emergence of disagreements between Brussels and EU member states. Ultimately, it was concluded that the European Union’s response to the energy crisis is insufficient. While there are prerequisites for a continuation of the crisis in 2023, the European Union is primarily pursuing geopolitical goals without addressing the underlying causes of price increases. There is the prospect of increasing pressure on the Commission to intervene more in the electricity market and more effectively support business and households.
Published: 2023
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5. Social exclusion as a side effect of machine learning mechanisms

Author: A. G. Tertyshnikova, U. O. Pavlova, and M. V. Cimbal
Subjects: social inequality, exclusion, artificial intelligence, neural networks, discrimination, big data, algorithms, data bias, Sociology (General), HM401-1281
Abstract: The development of neural network technologies leads to their integration in decision-making processes at the level of such important social institutions as healthcare, education, employment, etc. This situation brings up the question of the correctness of artificial intelligence decisions and their consequences. The aim of this work is to consider the origin and replication of social exclusion, inequality and discrimination in society as a result of neurotraining. Neurotraining understood as the principles of any neural networks’ training. Social exclusion and the resulting discrimination in decisions made by artificial intelligence is considered as a consequence of the big data processing principles. The authors review the theories of foreign and Russian authors concerning the impact of artificial intelligence on strengthening the existing social order, as well as problems with processing and interpreting data for training computer systems on them. Real situations of the specifics of the data itself and its processing that have led to increased inequality and exclusion are also given. The conclusion about the sources of social exclusion and stigmatization in society is made due to the similarity between natural and artificial neural networks functioning. The authors suggest that it is the principles of neurotraining in a “natural” society that lead not only to discrimination at the macro level, but also cause vivid negative reactions towards representatives of the exclusive groups, for example, interethnic hatred, homophobia, sexism, etc. The question about the possibility of studying “natural” society in comparison with “artificial” one is raised.
Published: 2023
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6. Isolation, Purification and Characterization of Hyaluronidase and Phospholipase A2 Enzymes of Echis ocellatus and Naja nigricollis Snake Venoms

Author: N. E. Egbe, V. M. Yilwa, A. U. Hassan, and U. O. Ozojiofor
Subjects: Echis ocellatus, Naja nigricollis, Snake venom, Hyaluronidase, Phospholipase A2, envenomation, Science
Abstract: Issues related to snakebite has for long been of high economic and medical importance. Management and treatment of snake envenomation has always been an issue, especially in remote areas, where anti-snake venom and facilities for its storage are not available, coupled with the high specificity and instability of anti-venom. Venom enzymes are usually responsible for so many tissue necrotic activity after bite. This research was aimed at isolation, purification and characterization of Hyaluronidase and Phospholipase A2 (PLA2) Enzymes of Echis ocellatus and Naja nigricollis snake venoms. Isolation and purification of these enzymes were done using a two-step process which included gel filtration on Sephadex G-75, active fractions were applied to ion–exchange chromatography on DEAE (Diethylaminoethyl) cellulose. Individual active fractions of each venom, was then subjected to SDS–PAGE for molecular weight extrapolation. Enzyme characterization was done on the two isolated enzymes for the two snake venoms used. N. nigricollis enzymes were revealed to have an optimum temperature of 37 oC and 55oC, while that of E. ocellatus had 37 oC and 40oC, with a pH of 3.5 and 8.0 for both the venom enzymes. Velocity kinetics carried out shows that N. nigricollis PLA2 has the highest Vmax value of 30.567mg/min, while E. ocellatus PLA2 however has the highest Km value of 4.5378mg/ml. Purification and characterization done in this research has revealed/confirmed that these venoms contain Hyaluronidase and PLA2 enzymes, giving a better understanding of the enzymes which will aid in the management and treatment of snake envenomation from these snakes.
Published: 2023
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7. A review of ophthalmic registries in Africa – The shortage and importance

Author: S. O. Adebusoye, O. O. Jagun, A. O. Betiku, O. S. Olajide, and U. O. Aham-onyebuchi
Subjects: registries, africa, vision, ocular, eye diseases, improvement, quality, Medicine
Abstract: BACKGROUND: Clinical registries systematically collect standardized information for pre-defined purposes on patients with a particular condition of interest. The characteristics and quantity of ophthalmic registries in Africa are unclear. This study aimed to quantify ophthalmic clinical registries in African countries from published literature, and to supply an overview of the features and study outcomes of these registries. METHODS: A systematic search of the EMBASE, PubMed, and Web of Science databases was conducted to find ophthalmology clinical registries in Africa without time and language limitations. Relevant data elements about registry characteristics, nature, methodology, and outcomes were extracted for each individual registry identified. RESULTS: Six clinical eye registries were found with no substantial growth over time. The most common condition captured is ocular tumors (n=3), of which two were retinoblastoma-specific registries. Five of them were focused on retinal diseases and one on blindness and low vision. None addressed cataracts and glaucoma. A third of the registries originated outside Africa, and one was multinational. Only three African countries produced a registry data set, with South Africa having the majority of the registries (n=3), followed by Egypt (n=2), and Ghana (n=1). Ophthalmic registries in Africa are used to study the epidemiologic features of ocular diseases, treatment outcomes, and genetic analysis. CONCLUSIONS: The potential for clinical eye registries has not been adequately harnessed in Africa, as only a few ophthalmic registries exist. Findings from this study may help inform the planning and implementation of future ophthalmic registries and suggest focus areas that have not received due attention.
Published: 2022
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8. Sublethal Effects of Ternary Mixtures of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons on Selected Liver Biomarkers of Clarias gariepinus

Author: U. O. Osuagwu, C. O. Ujowundu, L. A. Nwaogu, and R. N. Nwaoguikpe
Subjects: Liver biomarkers, catfish, naphthalene, histopathological, Science
Abstract: The effect of ternary mixtures of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in Clarias gariepinus was investigated. Apparently healthy juvenile fish (n = 90) weighing 19.7±1.8 g were exposed to sublethal concentrations of naphthalene, phenathrene and benzo[a]pyrene over a period of 35 days after which liver biomarker analyses were carried out on blood plasma fraction. The observed total plasma protein was 35.1 g/L while the albumin and total bilirubin concentrations were 15.9 g/L and 4.6 μmol/L respectively. The plasma concentrations of the liver enzymes were 25.27 IU/L, 9.37 IU/L, and 28.01 IU/L for alanine transaminase (ALT), aspartate transaminase (AST), and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) respectively. While there were significant declines in plasma total protein and albumin, significant elevation was observed in plasma total bilirubin. Significant increases were also observed in the activities of the liver enzymes, alanine transaminase (ALT), aspartate transaminase (AST) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP). Exposed liver and gill sections showed histopathological alteration. There was steatosis accompanied with moderate dense infiltrates in the liver while the gills showed channel dilatations with hyperplasia. Findings from this study suggest that PAH mixtures cause changes in the activities of liver metabolic enzymes as well as alter the normal architecture of liver and gills in exposed aquatic organisms.
Published: 2023
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9. Flexible dielectric polymer nanocomposites with improved thermal energy management for energy-power applications

Author: U. O. Uyor, A. P. I. Popoola, and O. M. Popoola
Subjects: boron nitride, dielectric properties, thermal stability, PVDF (polyvinyliden fluoride), CNTS (carbon nanotube), General Works
Abstract: Most polymer materials are thermal and electrical insulators, which have wide potential in advanced energy-power applications including energy conversion. However, polymers get softened when in contact with heat, which causes their molecular chains to flow as the temperature increases. Although polymer dielectrics exhibit high power density, they face challenges of low energy density which is due to the low dielectric permittivity associated with them. Therefore, this study tried to address the poor thermal energy management and low energy density of poly (vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF) while maintaining its flexible property using low content of hybrid carbon nanotubes (CNTs–0.05wt%, 0.1wt%) and boron nitride (BN–5wt%, 10wt%) nano-reinforcements. The nanocomposites were developed through solvent mixing and hot compression processes. The dielectric constant increased from 9.1 for the pure PVDF to 42.8 with a low loss of about 0.1 at 100 Hz for PVDF-0.1wt%CNTs-10wt%BN. The thermal stability of the nanocomposites was enhanced by 55°C compared to the pure PVDF. The nanocomposites also showed improved melting and crystallization temperatures. The developed PVDF-CNTs-BN nanocomposites showed significant enhancements in thermal energy management, stability, and dielectric properties. The significantly improved properties are credited to the synergetic effects between CNTs and BN in the PVDF matrix in promoting homogeneous dispersion, thermal barrier, interfacial polarization/bonding, insulative and conductive properties. Therefore, the developed nanomaterials in this study can find advanced applications in the energy-power sector owing to their enhanced performances.
Published: 2023
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10. Analysis of dangerous factors in the life cycle of semi-finished products based on poultry broilers with the addition of soy flour

Author: Sh. S. Amanova, N. T. Raimbaeva, and U. O. Tungyshbaeva
Subjects: safety control, hazards, food safety, haccp, the life cycle of poultry meat, semifinished broiler meat with soy flour, Technology (General), T1-995
Abstract: In recent years, the production and consumption of poultry meat has been widely used both on the world market and on the market of Kazakhstan, one of the reasons for which is that poultry products are more accessible to consumers than animal products. With such an import structure, it can be assumed that the volume of imports of cheap chicken from abroad is a function of the income level of the population: the smaller the proportion of the population with a certain low income level, the less imports. For the effective development of poultry farming in Kazakhstan, it is necessary to overcome a number of constraining factors, one of which is the insufficient modern safety control system throughout the poultry meat production chain. The article develops a flowchart of the semifinished product production process based on poultry meat-broiler with soy flour, examines possible risks (hazards) for the development of management measures in the production of semi-finished products, identifies three control critical points for the production of semi-finished products from broiler meat with soy flour.
Published: 2021
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11. Recommendations from the ERAS® Society for standards for the development of enhanced recovery after surgery guidelines

Author: M. Brindle, G. Nelson, D. N. Lobo, O. Ljungqvist, and U. O. Gustafsson
Subjects: Surgery, RD1-811
Abstract: Background ERAS® Society guidelines are holistic, multidisciplinary tools designed to improve outcomes after surgery. The enhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS) approach was initially developed for colorectal surgery and has been implemented successfully across a large number of settings, resulting in improved patient outcomes. As the ERAS approach is increasingly being adopted worldwide and new guidelines are being generated for new populations, there is a need to define an ERAS® Society guideline and the methodology that should be followed in its development. Methods The ERAS® Society recommended approach for developing new guidelines is based on the creation of multidisciplinary guideline development groups responsible for defining topics, planning the literature search, and assessing the quality of the evidence. Results Clear definitions for the elements of an ERAS guideline involve multimodal and multidisciplinary approaches impacting on multiple patient outcomes. Recommended methodology for guideline development follows a rigorous approach with systematic identification and evaluation of evidence, and consensus‐based development of recommendations. Guidelines should then be evaluated and reviewed regularly to ensure that the best and most up‐to‐date evidence is used consistently to support surgical patients. Conclusion There is a need for a standardized, evidence‐informed approach to both the development of new ERAS® Society guidelines, and the adaptation and revision of existing guidelines.
Published: 2020
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12. ANTIMICROBIAL EFFECTS OF AZADRACHITA INDICA LEAF EXTRACTS ON ESCHERICHIA COLI ISOLATED FROM INFECTED DIABETIC WOUNDS

Author: M. I. Izundu, C. O. Anyamene, N. C. Okoro, and U. O. Okoli
Subjects: diabetic wound, azadirachter indica, escherichia coli, antimicrobial effect, Biology (General), QH301-705.5
Abstract: The purpose of this work was to evaluate the antimicrobial effect of Azadirachta indica leaf extracts on Escherichia coli isolated from infected diabetic wound. Out of 50 swab samples of infected diabetic wounds, 30 isolates were obtained of which Escherichia coli made up 20% of the bacterial isolates from the wound. The phytochemical analysis of the leaf’s extracts showed the presence of saponin, flavonoids, steroid, alkaloids, tannins, cardiac glycoside, and phenol. The in vitro antimicrobial effect of the aqueous and ethanol leaf extracts was evaluated using the agar well diffusion method. Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) and Minimum Bactericidal Concentration (MBC) of the leaf extracts were also determined. Results showed that the ethanol extract showed inhibitory effects at all concentrations used in this study, which were 125mg/ml (10.00mm), 250mg/ml (10.33mm), 500mg/ml (10.67mm) and 1000mg/ml (10.67mm) while the aqueous extract had no inhibitory effect on E. coli. The result of MIC was 500mg/ml and the MBC showed 1000mg/ml. The ethanol extracts possess antimicrobial activity against E. coli and the plants are readily available. There is need for more research on other plant with antimicrobial properties to help tackle the problem of antimicrobial resistance.
Published: 2021

13. Характеристика дубових деревостанів у природному заповіднику 'Медобори'

Author: U. O. Bachynska
Subjects: дуб звичайний, поквартальні підсумки, таксаційна характеристика, типи лісу, Forestry, SD1-669.5
Abstract: Встановлено, що в природному заповіднику "Медобори" насадження з участю дуба звичайного (від трьох одиниць і більше) є панівним типом деревостанів і займають 43,96 % лісових площ, переважно створені штучно за типом корінних. Проаналізовано основні таксаційні показники деревостанів дуба звичайного з поквартальних підсумків Таксаційного опису природного заповідника "Медобори". Проведено віковий аналіз досліджуваних деревостанів: частка молодняків становить 9,64 %, середньовікових – 83,13 %, пристигаючих – 0,24 %. Визначено, що деревостани з участю дуба звичайного зростають у чотирьох типах лісорослинних умов: вологій грабово-буковій діброві (11,13 %), вологій грабовій діброві (13,65 %), свіжій грабово-буковій діброві (27,85 %), свіжій грабовій діброві (48,21 %). За ярусністю дубові деревостани переважно є простими. Встановлено, що дубняки характеризуються високою продуктивністю – 89,9 % ростуть за першим і вище першого бонітетом. 68,6 % насаджень – високоповнотні, а низькоповнотних є вкрай мало. Математичному аналізу підлягали компоненти: вік, діаметр, повнота, запас деревостану. За розрахунковим значенням стандартного відхилення та коефіцієнта варіації можна стверджувати, що розмах варіації показника "повнота" характеризується середнім значенням мінливості ознаки. Інші показники мають широкий діапазон розсіювання у досліджених сукупностях.
Published: 2018
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14. ЛІСОПАТОЛОГІЧНИЙ СТАН ЯСЕНЕВИХ ДЕРЕВОСТАНІВ У ПРИРОДНОМУ ЗАПОВІДНИКУ 'МЕДОБОРИ'

Author: U. O. Bachynska
Subjects: ясен звичайний, бактеріальний рак ясена, категорія санітарного стану, ступінь пошкодження, Forestry, SD1-669.5
Abstract: Проаналізовано сучасний стан деревостанів з участю ясена (Fraxinus excelsior L.) звичайного за двадцятип'ятирічний період після введення заповідного режиму. Подано характеристику лісівничо-таксаційних особливостей ясеничників у природному заповіднику "Медобори", проаналізовано їх сучасний стан. Показано, що найпоширенішим захворюванням для цієї деревної породи є бактеріальний рак ясена (збудник – бактерія Pseudomonas savastanoi pv. fraxini (Janse) Young, Dye & Wilkie), який уражує стовбури, гілки та пагони. Наведено характеристику пробних площ, на яких щорічно проводили лісопатологічні дослідження та оцінювали санітарний стан насаджень, охарактеризовано закономірності росту деревостанів, заражених бактеріальним раком ясена, за основними таксаційними показниками. За двадцять п'ять років спостережень за перебігом хвороби на лісопатологічних пробних площах виявлено погіршення санітарного стану. Дерева, пошкоджені хворобою, втрачають приріст, пригнічені, ослаблені. Проаналізовано категорії пошкоджень дерев бактеріальним раком, подано динаміку розвитку патологічних процесів на пробних площах. На досліджуваних постійних пробних площах ЛП-1, ЛП-3, ЛП-5 сильно ослаблені і всихаючі дерева становлять 56, 50 та 81 % дерев відповідно, сухостійні – 44, 52 та 19 % , здорових – немає. На всіх пробних площах відбувається інтенсивне ослаблення та відмирання дерев.
Published: 2017
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15. Extraction and Assessment of Physicochemical Properties of Rosigold Mango (Mangifera indica) Seed Kernel Oil for Bioresin Production

Author: A. S. Sadiq, I. R. Elijah, and U. O. Aroke
Subjects: Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General), TA1-2040
Abstract: This paper presents research report on extraction and assessment of physicochemical properties of Rosigold mango kernel oil. This is with a view to using the oil for bioresin production so as to mitigate some of the problems associated with petrochemical resins currently used for bulk of composite production activities. The seeds of the mango were identified and collected from the wastes discarded by marketers and consumers in Bauchi town. The Oil was obtained using soxhlet extraction with n-Hexane as solvent. The oil was characterized for yield, relative density, free fatty acid value, acid value, iodine value, and saponification value. Mean values of the characteristic parameters were: oil yield 19.6%, relative density 0.874 g/cm3, free fatty acid value 3.09 mg NaOH/g oil, acid value 6.18 mg KOH/g oil, iodine value 60.7 mg iodine/100 g oil and saponification value 143.6 mg KOH/ g oil. Analysis and comparison of these results with the physicochemical properties of palm oil, Soya bean oil and Hemp seed oil respectively, revealed that the iodine value of Rosigold mango seed kernel oil is higher than palm oil, but lower than Soya bean and Hemp seed oils respectively. Bioresin production is heavily dependent on the degree of unsaturation of the oil which is reflected by the iodine value. However, the overall results suggested that Rosigold mango seed kernel oil is suitable for bioresin production since the minimum iodine bench mark for renewable oil suitable for bioresin production is 50 mg iodine/100 g oil. The extracted oil has an added advantage in that the source (mango seed) is a waste material that is readily available, affordable and sustainable in Nigeria and many other countries.
Published: 2017

16. Розробка рекомендацій для автоматизованого проектування процесів осадження профільованих заготовок

Author: О. E. Markov, V. N. Zlygorev, О. V. Gerasimenko, V. V. Panov, R. Yu. Zhytnikov, and U. O. Ivanova
Subjects: виступи, операція осадження, напружений стан, осьова пористість, високоякісні вироби, Mechanics of engineering. Applied mechanics, TA349-359
Abstract: Анотація. Запропоновано метод кування заготовок, який має на меті осадження профільованих злитків. Запропоновано методику теоретичного дослідження залежностей зменшення розмірів осьової пористості в заготовках на основі скінчено- елементного моделювання. Базовим показником для дослідження була обрана висота виступів чотирипроменевої заготовки. Висота виступів чотирипроменевої заготовки змінювалась в інтервалі 0,75; 0,80 і 0,85. Кут виступів чотирипроменевої заготовки дорівнював 115°. На основі скінчено-елементних досліджень були встановлені середні напруження при осадженні профільованих злитків. На основі цього параметру встановлювався параметр напруженого стану в центральній частині поковки. Запропонована методика проведення експериментів. Експерименти проводилися на моделях зі свинцю та сталі. В результаті скінчено-елементного моделювання визначено, що раціональна відносна висота виступів становить 0,85. Таке співвідношення призводить до максимального зменшення розмірів осьової пористості. Це можна пояснити значною величиною стискаючих середніх напружень при деформуванні осадженням профільованих заготовок. Визначена раціональна величина обтискання, коли проходить максимальне зменшення розмірів осьової пористості. Визначено середні напруження за об’ємом поковки та змінення параметра напруженого стану осадженої профільованої заготовки. Закриття осьової пористості доведено експериментами на моделях зі свинцю та сталі. Впроваджено запропонований спосіб деформування чотирипроменевих профільованих заготовок. Аналіз результатів УЗК дозволив визначити, що виготовлені вироби позбавлені осьових пустот, які вище за вимоги замовника. В результаті встановлена доцільність операції осадження профільованих злитків, що дозволило підвищити щільність внутрішньої будови крупногабаритних заготовок
Published: 2019
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17. NUMERICAL CALCULATION OF EXTINCTION COEFFICIENT FOR DISLOCATION LOOPS WITH A CERTAIN ORIENTATION

Author: I. P. Yaremiy, U. O. Tomyn, S. I. Yaremiy, M. M. Lukanyuk, H. M. Hodovska, and Yu. I. Katrych
Subjects: Education, Economics as a science, HB71-74
Abstract: Approximation formulas for the calculation of extinction coefficients in a wide range of radii and concentrations of dislocation loops oriented in certain directions were obtained. It was shown that received expressions make it possible to quickly calculate with satisfactory accuracy the angular dependence of extinction coefficient and speed up the calculation of theoretical rocking curves.
Published: 2016
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18. Effects of a Single Universal Extra Dimension in Bc→Ds,Dl+l- Decays

Author: U. O. Yilmaz and E. Danapinar
Subjects: Physics, QC1-999
Abstract: The rare semileptonic Bc→Ds,dl+l- decays are studied in the universal extra dimension with a single extra dimension scenario. The sensitivity of differential and total branching ratios and polarization asymmetries of final state leptons to the compactification parameter are presented, for both muon and tau decay channels. Considering the ability of available experiments, it would be useful to study these effects.
Published: 2018
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19. Assessment of critical success factors of business process re-engineering in the Nigerian oil and gas industry

Author: U. O. Asikhia and D. O. Awolusi
Subjects: Management. Industrial management, HD28-70, Business, HF5001-6182
Abstract: Business Process Re-engineering (BPR) is defined as the critical analysis and radical redesign of existing business processes to achieve breakthrough improvements in performance measures like cost, quality, speed, profitability and services. The purpose of this paper is to identify the critical success factors of BPR implementation, to evaluate their effects on the primary measures as expressed by the operational performance and the secondary measures as expressed by the organizational performance, and to find out the effect of the operational performance on the organizational performance of Nigerian oil and gas companies. To achieve these objectives, an empirical study was conducted via the administration of 650 self-administered copies of questionnaire to a randomly selected senior and management staff of eight (8) re-engineered Oil and Gas Companies in Nigeria. Using the framework from Khong & Richardson (2003), factors manifesting operational performance and organizational performance were regressed on the Critical Success Factors (CSFs) manifesting successful BPR. Findings based on the survey revealed that successful BPR can positively affect both operational and organizational performance measures in the Nigerian oil and gas companies.
Published: 2015
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20. Focusing of Compression Waves in a Pipe Containing a Cylindrical Bubbly Cluster

Author: Agisheva, U. O and Galimzyanov, M. N.
Published: 2024
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21. The Changing Conventional Jewish Family

Author: DellaPergola, Sergio, Schmelz, U. O., With contrib. by, Goodman, Daniel Ross, Series Editor, Waxman, Chaim I., Series Editor, Bunin Benor, Sarah, Editorial Board Member, Bower, Matt, Editorial Board Member, Boyd, Jonathan, Editorial Board Member, Burstein, Paul, Editorial Board Member, Chiswick, Barry, Editorial Board Member, Chiswick, Carmel U., Editorial Board Member, DellaPergola, Sergio, Editorial Board Member, Gitelman, Zvi, Editorial Board Member, Goldscheider, Calvin, Editorial Board Member, Hartman, Harriet, Editorial Board Member, Heilman, Samuel, Editorial Board Member, Kaufman, Debra R., Editorial Board Member, Kelner, Shaul, Editorial Board Member, Kirshenblatt-Gimblett, Barbara, Editorial Board Member, Lev Ari, Lilach, Editorial Board Member, Liwerant, Judit Bokser, Editorial Board Member, Prell, Riv-Ellen, Editorial Board Member, Rebhun, Uzi, Editorial Board Member, Sarna, Jonathan D., Editorial Board Member, Sasson, Ted, Editorial Board Member, Saxe, Leonard, Editorial Board Member, and Sheskin, Ira, Editorial Board Member
Published: 2024
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22. Anatomy of the Lockerbie bombing: Libya’s role and reactions to al-Megrahi’s release.

Author: K. J. Ani and U. O. Uzodike
Subjects: al-Megrahi, Ghadafi, bombing, terrorism, prosecution, Social sciences (General), H1-99
Abstract: Despite its long historical antecedents, terrorism is amongst the growing realities of the national history of contemporary sovereign states. With this emergence, destabilizing influence, and internationalization, terrorism has made the associated security challenge a major diplomatic headache for all key international actors and diplomats. This paper, which adopts a theoretical approach, assesses claims that Ghadafi’s Libya championed state-sponsored terrorism. It reviews the Lockerbie bombing and the conviction of al-Megrahi by the court in Netherland as well as his release from Scottish prison on compassionate grounds. It examines Libya’s use of available diplomatic tools and channels not only to prevent Abdelbaset Ali Mohammed al-Megrahi from facing justice but also to attain Ghadafi’s political and economic interests. This article documents the political communication that followed his release and calls for increased diplomatic investigations of the Lockerbie terrorist attack. Finally, the paper beckons on Libya’s new leaders and the leaderships of USA and Scotland to engage in a progressive multilateral strategic cooperation to unravel further facts on the Lockerbie bombing while promoting the current international “war” against terrorism
Published: 2015
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23. Thermal study of Fe3O4 semiconductor magnetic nanofluids using two photothermal techniques for applications in biomedicine

Author: García-Vidal, U. O., Jiménez-Pérez, J. L., Correa-Pacheco, Z. N., Algatti, M. A., and Gutiérrez-Fuentes, R.
Published: 2024
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24. Propagation of a Pressure Wave in a Tube Filled with Liquid Containing of a Bubble Cluster in the Form of a Hollow Cylinder

Author: Galimzyanov, M. N. and Agisheva, U. O.
Published: 2023
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25. Integration of the Modified Korteweg–de Vries–Liouville Equation in the Class of Periodic Infinite-Gap Functions

Author: Khasanov, A. B. and Khudayorov, U. O.
Published: 2023
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26. Efficacy of Normal Saline Nasal Spray Added to Standard Treatment Regimen of Chronic Rhinosinusitis: A Randomised Controlled Trial

Author: Janwade, Anubhuti, Patil, Prashant H., Ankle, Nitin R., Belaldavar, Basavaraj P., Hajare, Priti S., and Veenish U. O., Keerthana
Published: 2023
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27. Analysis of Degradation and Performance Changes of the Pap-Namangan Solar Photovoltaic Plant

Author: Odamov, U. O., Kamilov, M. M., Niyazov, Sh. K., and Kutlimratov, A.
Published: 2023
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28. Cauchy Problem for the Nonlinear Liouville Equation in the Class of Periodic Infinite-Gap Functions

Author: Khasanov, A. B., Normurodov, Kh. N., and Khudayorov, U. O.
Published: 2023
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29. Voltammetric Study of the Copper Pentacyanonitrosylferrate Adsorbed on the Silica Modified with a Poly(propylene)imine Hexadecylamine Dendrimer for Determination of Nitrite

Author: D. R. do Carmo, S. Gabriel, D. R. Silvestrini, U. O. Bicalho, and L. R. Cumba
Subjects: Chemistry, QD1-999
Abstract: Poly(propylene)imine hexadecylamine dendrimer (DAB-Am-16) was anchored on the surface of 3-chloropropylsilyl silica gel and subsequently interacted with copper nitroprusside. The composite was characterized by infrared (FTIR), energy dispersive X-ray (EDX), and cyclic voltammetry. The above techniques confirmed the successful anchoring of the dendrimer on the silica gel modified surface and its interaction with copper nitroprusside. The cyclic voltammogram of CuNPSD was found to exhibit two redox couples with (Eθ′)1 = 0.30 V and (Eθ′)2 = 0.78 V versus Ag/AgCl (KCl=1.0 mol L−1; 𝑣=20 mV s−1) attributed to the redox processes Cu(I)/Cu(II) and Fe(II)(CN)5NO/Fe(III)(CN)5NO, respectively. The CuNPSD-modified graphite paste electrode was found to show a linear response of 5.0×10−4 to 9.0×10−3 mol L−1 for nitrite determination with a detection limit (DL) of 3.8×10−4 mol L−1 and an amperometric sensitivity of 25.0 mA/mol L−1. The CuNPSD-modified graphite paste electrode was found to show a good electrochemical stability and an excellent response to the electrocatalytic oxidation of sodium nitrite.
Published: 2012
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30. Focusing of Compression Waves in a Pipe Containing Annular Bubble Cluster

Author: Agisheva, U. O. and Galimzyanov, M. N.
Published: 2023
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31. Identification of Elastic Boundary Conditions and Crack Depth

Author: Mannapova, T. M., Agisheva, U. O., and Galimzyanov, M. N.
Published: 2023
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32. Angiographic patterns of portal venous system in children with extrahepatic portal hypertension and its etiological and clinical relevance

Author: Yuldashev, R. Z., Aliev, M. M., Maksudov, M. F., Khaydarov, U. O., and Shokhaydarov, Sh.
Published: 2023
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33. Ultrasound Assistant Deep-Eutectic-Solvent-Based Liquid–Liquid Microextraction for the Determination of Transesterification Catalyst in Biodiesel Samples

Author: Shishov, A. Yu., Markova, U. O., Nizov, E. R., Melesova, M. A., Meshcheva, D. A., Krekhova, F. M., and Bulatov, A. V.
Published: 2023
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34. Integrating the modified Korteweg–de Vries– sine-Gordon equation in the class of periodic infinite-gap functions

Author: Khasanov, A. B., Normurodov, Kh. N., and Khudaerov, U. O.
Published: 2023
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35. Mechanical and Oxidation Characteristics of Ti20-Al16-V16-Fe16- Ni16-Cr16 High-Entropy Alloy Developed via Spark Plasma Sintering for High-Temperature/Strength Applications

Author: Ujah, C. O., Popoola, A. P. I., Popoola, O. M., Afolabi, A. E., and Uyor, U. O.
Published: 2023
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36. Investigating the Tribology, Vickers Hardness and Microstructure of Ti20–Al20–V20–Fe20–Ni20 HEA Developed with SPS

Author: Ujah, C. O., Popoola, A. P. I., Popoola, O. M., and Uyor, U. O.
Published: 2022
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37. Analysis of the Microstructure and Tribology of Ti36-Al16-V16-Fe16-Cr16 HEA Developed with SPS for Engineering Applications

Author: Ujah, C. O., Popoola, A. P. I., Popoola, O. M., and Uyor, U. O.
Published: 2022
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38. Management of an incompetent mid-second (mid-2nd) trimester absent ecto-cervix: a case series. Cervical amplification pre-cerclage insertion

Author: Adedipe, T. O., Akintunde, A. A., and Chukwujama, U. O.
Published: 2022
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39. Infection with Trypanosoma spp. in Platydoras armatulus (Siluriformes, Doradidae), in southwestern Amazon, Brazil

Author: Virgilio, L. R., Teixeira, G. O., Almeida, L. S., Melo, H. P. S., Júnior, S. L. Prolo, Meneguetti, D. U. O., Camargo, L. M. A., and Takemoto, R. M.
Published: 2022
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40. AVALIAÇÃO DA INFLUÊNCIA DE FATORES AMBIENTAIS NO CRESCIMENTO DE OVINOS DA RAÇA SANTA INÊS

Author: Oliveira, A. C., primary, Coutinho Neto, A. M., additional, Lemos, A. C. B., additional, Cruz, G. R. B., additional, Oliveira, L. E. C., additional, Rocha, U. O., additional, and Silva, C. M. B. A., additional
Published: 2022
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41. Layers-to-layers assembled graphene-boron nitride for polymer composites with enhanced thermal stability and dielectric constant at low loss

Author: Uyor, U. O., Popoola, A. P. I., and Popoola, O. M.
Published: 2022
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42. Nanomechanical evaluation of poly (vinylidene fluoride) nanocomposites reinforced with hybrid graphene nanoplatelets and titanium dioxide

Author: Uyor, U. O., Popoola, A. P. I., Popoola, O. M., and Aigbodion, V. S.
Published: 2022
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43. Thermal Study of Ferromagnetic Nanoparticles Coated with Silicon Oxide

Author: García-Vidal, U. O., Jiménez-Pérez, J. L., Correa-Pacheco, Z. N., López-Gamboa, G., Gutiérrez-Fuentes, R., and Luna-Sánchez, J. L.
Published: 2023
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44. Synthesis of Compact and Porous SiO2 Nanoparticles and Their Effect on Thermal Conductivity Enhancement of Water-Based Nanofluids

Author: García-Vidal, U. O., Jiménez-Pérez, J. L., López-Gamboa, G., Gutiérrez-Fuentes, R., Sánchez-Ramírez, J. F., Correa-Pacheco, Z. N., Romero-Ibarra, I. C., and Cruz-Orea, A.
Published: 2023
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45. Molecular Characterization and Tolerance Potential of Culturable Crude Oil-Degrading Microbes in Santa-Barbara River, Bayelsa State, Nigeria

Author: B., Allen-Adebayo, primary, U. O., Maureen, additional, and S. I., Odaro, additional
Published: 2024
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46. Comparative Evaluation of Six Agglomerative Hierarchical Clustering Methods With a Robust Example

Author: U. O., Eric, primary and O. O., Michael, additional
Published: 2024
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47. Anterior displacement of Bruch’s membrane: a useful sign for intracranial hypertension in craniosynostosis

Author: Rufai, S. R., Blum, J. D., Kalmar, C., Avery, R., Jeelani, N. U. O., Proudlock, F. A., and Swanson, J. W.
Published: 2023
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48. PANORAMA DAS LICENCIATURAS EM QUÍMICA NO IF GOIANO: FORMAÇÃO VOLTADA À COMUNIDADE

Author: COTA, U. O., primary and ANDRADE, L. O. M., additional
Published: 2022
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49. ENTRE UMA SUBJETIVIDADE DE CONVENCIMENTO E UMA OBJETIVIDADE DE FUGA: A NARRATIVA DOCUMENTAL NO CONTEXTO POLÍTICO

Author: EVANGELISTA, U. O., primary
Published: 2022
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50. Global age-sex-specific mortality, life expectancy, and population estimates in 204 countries and territories and 811 subnational locations, 1950–2021, and the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic : a comprehensive demographic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021

Author: Schumacher, A. E., Kyu, H. H., Antony, C. M., Aravkin, A. Y., Azhar, G. S., Bisignano, C., Burkart, K., Cercy, K. M., Chung, E., Coberly, K., Comfort, H., Cousin, E., Culbreth, G. T., Cunningham, M., Weaver, N. D., Degenhardt, L., Deitesfeld, L., Dirac, M. A., Estep, K., Feigin, V. L., Flaxman, A. D., Flor, L. S., Force, L. M., Fuller, J. E., Gakidou, E., Hay, S. I., Ikuta, K. S., Jones, D. P., Kassebaum, N. J., Kassel, M. B., Keller, C., Kinzel, K. E., Krohn, K. J., Lozano, R., May, E. A., McKowen, A. W., McLaughlin, S. A., Mehlman, M. L., Mestrovic, T., Mokdad, A. H., Mosser, J. F., Mougin, V., Naghavi, M., Nesbit, O. D., Novotney, A., Ozten, Y., Pease, S. A., Pigott, D. M., Reiner, R. C., Robinson-Oden, H. E., Shaw, D. H., Slepak, E. L. N., Sorensen, R. J. D., Verghese, N. A., Vollset, S., Vongpradith, A., Vos, T., Wang, D., Watson, S., Weaver, M. R., Wells, K. M., Wilson, S., Wool, E. E., Zheng, P., Lim, S. S., Murray, C. J. L., Boyko, E. J., Chahine, Y., Kalani, R., Krishnamoorthy, V., Khalil, I. A., Minja, N. W., Morrison, S. D., Nafukho, F. M., Olivas-Martinez, A., Orellana, E., Tram, K., Aali, A., Rahnavard, N., Ahmadzade, A., Mohammad-Pour, S., Morovatdar, N., Pourali, G., Zafari, N., Abbafati, C., Cattaruzza, M. S., Abbas, J., Phillips, M. R., Abbasgholizadeh, R., Emamverdi, M., Friedman, J., Abbasi, M. A., Daneshvar, S., Dashti, M., Ghasemzadeh, A., Mirza-Aghazadeh-Attari, M., Doshmangir, L., Ghafourifard, M., Lotfi, M., Hosseini, M., Jadidi-Niaragh, F., Kalankesh, L. R., Karimi, S., Mohammad-Alizadeh-Charandabi, S., Khalafi, M., Mirghafourvand, M., Mirinezhad, S., Heris, R. M., Mousavi, S., Kafil, H. S., Abbasian, M., Momenzadeh, K., Santos, F. C. D., Carr, S., Chi, G., Elgendy, I. Y., Feroze, A. H., Kempen, J. H., Kubeisy, C. M., Li, Z., Rohloff, P., Liu, X., Natto, Z. S., Olanipekun, T. O., Pigeolet, M., Pradhan, P. M. S., Zweck, E., Sharfaei, S., Sheikh, A., Abtahi, D., Salimi, S., Shakeri, A., Tajbakhsh, A., Aghamiri, S., Ahmadzade, M., Hashemi, M. B., Ajami, M., Asgary, S., Ghasemi, M., Hassanian-Moghaddam, H., Kolahi, A., Nikoobar, A., Heidari-Foroozan, M., Montazeri, F., Nejadghaderi, S., Rahmani, S., Ziaeefar, P., Hesami, H., Zahir, M., Jahankhani, K., Rasouli-Saravani, A., Jahanmehr, N., Kashani, H. K., Nasiri, M., Raee, P., Rezaee, M., Safi, S., Shool, S., Tabatabai, S., ElHafeez, S. A., Tantawi, M. E., Elmeligy, O. A. A., Ghazy, R. M., Talaat, I. M., Abdelmasseh, M., Sanabria, J., Abd-Elsalam, S., Abdelwahab, A., Abdollahi, M., Abolhassani, H., Rezaei, N., Saghazadeh, A., Ala, M., Noroozi, N., Bahri, R. A., Khatami, F., Ayyoubzadeh, S., Azadnajafabad, S., Keykhaei, M., Momtazmanesh, S., Mousavi, P., Behnoush, A., Farrokhpour, H., Karimi, H., Khalaji, A., Khanmohammadi, S., Mayeli, M., Mohammadi, S., Eskandarieh, S., Sahraian, M., Fahimi, S., Malekzadeh, R., Mansouri, V., Sepanlou, S. G., Ghassemi, F., Haddadi, M., Kazemian, S., Khadembashiri, M., Khamesipour, F., Khavandegar, A., Khormali, M., Salamati, P., Kompani, F., Larijani, B., Mirdamadi, N., Seyedi, S., Malazy, O. T., Mahmoudi, E., Rashedi, S., Rad, E. M., Mansournia, M., Nasab, E. M., Mohammadshahi, M., Mostafavi, H., SeyedAlinaghi, S., Shafie, M., Shahbandi, A., Vahdani, A. M., Sharifan, A., Shirkoohi, R., Sohrabi, H., Tavangar, S., Heidari-Soureshjani, R., Abdoun, M., Abdullahi, A., Awotidebe, A. W., Borodo, S. B., Gadanya, M. A., Ladan, M., Ali, M. U., Tyrovolas, S., Abdurehman, A. M., Debele, A. T., Getachew, T., Gudeta, M. D., Misgana, T., Sertsu, A., Abebe, M., Ayele, G. M., Afework, A., Lerango, T. L., Tebeje, T. M., Sibhat, M. M., Tesfaye, S. H., Abedi, A., Gholamrezanezhad, A., Salehi, S., Athari, S., Hanifi, N., Abegaz, T. M., Kifle, Z. D., Zuñiga, R. A. A., Abhilash, E. S., Abiodun, O. O., Aboagye, R. G., Amu, H., Ayanore, M. A., Dowou, R. K., Immurana, M., Klu, D., Orish, V. N., Carrero, J. J., Cederroth, C. R., Deuba, K., Laflamme, L., Fereshtehnejad, S., Kauppila, J. H., Abouzid, M., Abreu, L. G., Malta, D. C., Prates, E. J. S., Nascimento, B. R., Abrha, W. A., Weldemariam, A. H., Girmay, A., Abrigo, M. R. M., Rumeileh, S. A., Abu-Rmeileh, N. M., Aburuz, S., Ahmed, L. A., Alam, Z., Elbarazi, I., Grivna, M., Nauman, J., Khan, G., Khan, M. A., Zaki, N., Ahmad, M. M., Abu-Zaid, A., Temsah, R. M. H., Zand, R., Acuna, J. M., Gautam, P., Chowdhury, R., Adair, T., Jiang, H., Babu, A. S., Borschmann, R., Meretoja, A., Wijeratne, T., Addo, I. Y., Okeke, S. R., Dai, Z., Xu, X., Huda, M., Mitchell, P. B., Peden, A. E., Resnikoff, S., Sharma, S., Si, Y., Sitas, F., Ye, P., Adebayo, O. M., Aladelusi, T. O., Salami, A. A., Ilesanmi, O. S., Owolabi, M. O., Adegboye, O. A., Adekanmbi, V., AlBataineh, M. T., Almahmeed, W., Aden, B., Adepoju, A. V., Adetunji, C. O., Adeyeoluwa, T. E., Oyeyemi, I. T., Oyeyemi, O. T., Udoakang, A. J., Adeyomoye, O. I., Anuoluwa, I. A., Bello, O. O., Oluwafemi, Y. D., Ekundayo, T. C., Idowu, O. O., Oluwatunase, G. O., Afolabi, A. A., Ekholuenetale, M., Fagbamigbe, A. F., Olufadewa, I. I., Ibitoye, S. E., Okekunle, A. P., Adha, R., Adikusuma, W., Adibi, A., Chen, M., Hossain, M., Rasali, D. P., Pashaei, A., Adnani, Q. E. S., Postma, M. J., Adra, S., Barqawi, H. J., Dash, N. R., Halwani, R., Maghazachi, A. A., Saber-Ayad, M. M., Sharif-Askari, N. S., Ahmad, F., Saddik, B., Saleh, M. A., Alzoubi, K. H., Omar, H. A., Arumugam, A., Bustanji, Y., Elemam, N. M., Faris, M. E. M., Karim, A., Qaisar, R., Semreen, M. H., Soliman, S. S. M., Altirkawi, K. A., Afraz, A., Ilaghi, M., Nematollahi, M., Afyouni, S., Amindarolzarbi, A., Zandieh, G. G. Z., Columbus, A., Kamireddy, A., Shafaat, O., Kazemi, F., Vervoort, D., Zhang, H., Jamshidi, E., Afzal, S., Agasthi, P., Agodi, A., Barchitta, M., D'Amico, E., Maugeri, A., Veroux, M., Biondi, A., Isola, G., Vacante, M., Falzone, L., Libra, M., Agyemang-Duah, W., Nikpoor, A., Ahinkorah, B. 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A., Zaman, S., Zamora, N., Zanghì, A., Zare, I., Zeng, Y., Zhai, C., Zhang, Y., Zhao, H., Zhao, Y., Zhou, J., and Zhu, B.
Abstract: Background: Estimates of demographic metrics are crucial to assess levels and trends of population health outcomes. The profound impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on populations worldwide has underscored the need for timely estimates to understand this unprecedented event within the context of long-term population health trends. The Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) 2021 provides new demographic estimates for 204 countries and territories and 811 additional subnational locations from 1950 to 2021, with a particular emphasis on changes in mortality and life expectancy that occurred during the 2020–21 COVID-19 pandemic period. Methods: 22 223 data sources from vital registration, sample registration, surveys, censuses, and other sources were used to estimate mortality, with a subset of these sources used exclusively to estimate excess mortality due to the COVID-19 pandemic. 2026 data sources were used for population estimation. Additional sources were used to estimate migration; the effects of the HIV epidemic; and demographic discontinuities due to conflicts, famines, natural disasters, and pandemics, which are used as inputs for estimating mortality and population. Spatiotemporal Gaussian process regression (ST-GPR) was used to generate under-5 mortality rates, which synthesised 30 763 location-years of vital registration and sample registration data, 1365 surveys and censuses, and 80 other sources. ST-GPR was also used to estimate adult mortality (between ages 15 and 59 years) based on information from 31 642 location-years of vital registration and sample registration data, 355 surveys and censuses, and 24 other sources. Estimates of child and adult mortality rates were then used to generate life tables with a relational model life table system. For countries with large HIV epidemics, life tables were adjusted using independent estimates of HIV-specific mortality generated via an epidemiological analysis of HIV prevalence surveys, ant
Published: 2024
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