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Medical Geography today draws on the concepts and techniques of geography, and epitomes the interdisciplinary nature of urban health discipline. Chikungunya is one of the Vector-borne diseases and today it continues to remain an important public health problem in Madurai city. It is a mosquito-borne viral infection caused by the Chikungunya Virus (CHKV). The sudden onset of very high fever along with a rash and severe arthralgia especially in the small joints of hands and toes are the characteristics of the disease. The study area, Madurai is the oldest and second-largest city in Tamil Nadu situated on the banks of river Vaigai in the south-central part of Tamil Nadu, India. The main objectives were to identify the major disease zones concerning Chikungunya cases and to observe the related urban ecological and environmental conditions. The study also aimed to derive a conceptual framework towards strengthening, control and sustainable development of the urban landscape. The data collected were taken by using the method of stratified Random sampling and a total of 600 samples were collected. Standard score (Z-score) technique was used to describe the relationship between the sets of variables and total conditions of selected urban environmental variables. It includes mapping of the disease using GIS software of Arc GIS. Apart from this, the multi-variant statistical technique, factor analysis is used to find the major associations and interrelationship between Chikungunya and people. The twelve factors rotated by explaining the varimax procedure registered more than 89.83 percent of the total variance. Among these, the first factor alone accounted for 33.52 percent of the total variance and eigenvalue of 21.45 was qualified as the primary factor. Our study concludes that in Madurai city’s built-up area, a landscape environment of transmission of Chikungunya epidemics with a high prevalence is noted since it is associated with urban environmental factors.

Reproductive health problems are found to be very common among women of age between 15 and 45. This study examines the general health status of women, the reproductive health status of working women and the socio-economic and cultural predictors of the reproductive morbidities among working women in Thrissur district and the main objective was to categorize the underlying factors which determine the reproductive healthcare of women. Both primary and secondary data have been analyzed by means of suitable statistical techniques and cartographic tools for the purpose of verifying the hypotheses. The techniques of Analysis of Moment Structure software package, path Analysis with Structural Equation Modeling was used for data analysis. 355 women in the reproductive age have been selected by using Stratified Random Sampling procedure. A multivariate statistical technique ‘factor analysis’ was used to identify the major dimensions of reproductive determinants. From the Z score mapping of the results, this study concludes that the five factors—Post Natal Healthcare, Antenatal Healthcare, Menstruation, Physical Contact and Accessibility are the major determinants of reproductive health in working women.

Semantic representation is an abstract language for representing the meaning of text. It is used for representing the sentences semantically which can be employed in various applications such as Question Answering System, Information Extraction, Summarization, Machine translation etc. Various methods are employed to represent text document. But only limited works are done in Malayalam language. A specific domain is chosen (Cricket Domain) so as to obtain better results in semantic representation. A lexical database in Malayalam (WordNet), will be used as a resource for obtaining the required information. WordNet is a hierarchical information base in any language. In this project, semantic representation is extracted from a single Malayalam text document. It generates an abstractive representation of the given input. Semantic representation can be effectively extracted after going through different stages. Tokenization involves separation of words from sentences as tokens whereas POS Tagging deals with tagging of these tokens as corresponding Nouns, Verbs, Adjectives etc. The so got tagged tokens will undergo Morphological analysis. Morphological analysis is the process of finding the stem word for each of the generated tokens. After the analysis, the details regarding the stem words are obtained by searching in the WordNet. Next, the Semantic triplets (Subject, Object, Predicate) are extracted from the sentence. These triplets will be helpful for obtaining the semantic representation. For representation, the verb is taken as the root element. The aim of this project is semantic representation of Malayalam text documents pertaining to cricket domain using the database WordNet.

Nowadays information technology field is growing tremendously in high speed. Most of the data or information is stored in the databases mainly in the relational databases on our computers. Extracting information from relational databases by using language called structured query language (SQL) but the SQL has predefined structure and format, so it is difficult for the non-expert users to access information from databases. By using natural language to retrieve information from database is an easier way. The computers can't understand the natural language so they need an interface; that is the reason for developing a natural language interface to database. The natural language interface is capable for translating the natural language query given by the user into an equivalent one in Database Query Language. Thus natural language interfaces to databases (NLIDB) were developed for converting natural language to SQL query and get the corresponding result from the database. There are different surveys going over time i.e., how to use natural languages like Malayalam, English, Hindi, and Tamil etc. instead of SQL query.