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Diagnostic laparoscopy was performed in 588 patients with acute surgical pathology and 165 patients with abdominal traumas as a diagnostic procedure in order to differentiate and define further strategy of treatment. Acute appendicitis was diagnosed in 207 patients, laparoscopic appendectomy being fulfilled in 72 of them. In 103 out of 165 patients with abdominal trauma injuries of internal organs were diagnosed, in the other 62 patients injuries were excluded. Acute pancreatitis was diagnosed in 40 patients, 28 of them underwent different laparoscopic procedures. Laparoscopy allowed the diagnosis of acute disturbances of mesenteric blood circulation in 16 patients.

The authors made an analysis of 511 operations for chronic abdominal ischemia caused by stenosis of the celiac trunk performed during 20 years. In addition to decompression of the celiac trunk, one-stage combined operations on the organs of the abdominal cavity were made in 167 out of 511 patients for concomitant diseases. It was shown that adequately fulfilled operations on organs of the abdominal cavity with stenoses of the celiac trunk improved the results of operations for the stenosed vessel.

Lithogenecity of bile was studied in patients with cholelithiasis and choledocholithiasis. It is demonstrated that synthesis of lithogenic bile depends on morphologic state of hepatic cells; chronic disease of the liver is the risk of the cholelithiasis.

The article discusses the results of choledochoduodenostomy formed with the C[symbol; see text]-20 suturing instrument in 51 patients by a method developed by the authors. The late-term results were studied in 46 patients in follow-up periods of 3 months to 2 years. In the group of 46 patients who were examined 45 had no complaints, they returned to their previous occupation, and stopped adhering to the diet 3-6 months after the operation. One patient noted significant improvement of his condition but nonetheless complained of aching pain experienced from time to time in the epigastrium, a bitter taste in the mouth, and sometimes nausea, which was associated with chronic pancreatitis. Immediate and late-term complications directly connected with formation of the anastomosis with a mechanical suture (C[symbol; see text]-20 instrument) as well as fatal outcomes were not encountered.

The authors discuss the immediate and late results of operations conducted with the [symbol: see text] suturing instrument of their design. It made possible one-stage transduodenal papillosphincteroplasty by application of two rows of tantalum staple sutures with division of the tissue between them--papillosphincterotomy. The authors conducted the operation on 242 patients for benign stenosis of the common bile duct by stones incarcerated in it. In 29 patients the intervention was complemented by the formation of supraduodenal choledochoduodenoanastomosis by means of the same suturing instrument, establishing in this was double internal drainage of the bile ducts. The suturing instrument made the operation easier and atraumatic and provided reliable hemostasis. Immediate postoperative mortality as 1.9%. Transduodenal papillosphincterotomy with the [symbol: see text] suturing instrument produced g od and satisfactory results in 95.2% and poor results in 4.8% of patients; poor late results of double drainage of the choledochus by the authors' method were not registered.

The results of surgical treatment of patients with atherosclerotic occlusion of the lower extremities arteries have been analysed. In 29 of 45 patients with severe ischemia of the lower extremities regional circulation disorders of stage III and in 16 patients of stage IV (gangrene) were found. The preservation of the peripheral vascular bed served as an indication for operation. The effect of the surgery was assessed on the basis of the analysis of immediate and late results. The authors believe that an adequately performed restorative operation allows to obtain good late results in 70% of patients operated upon in stage III and in 50% of those operated upon in stage IV of regional circulation disorders.

The authors studied the influence of synthetic polyelectrolytes of polyacrylic acid and poly-2-methyl-5-vinylpyridine and of complete Freund's adjuvant on the migration of stem cells and B-lymphocytes from mouse bone marrow. The stem cell count was evaluated by the number of splenic colonies; as to B-cell migration--it was assessed by the accumulation of the antibody-forming cells forming from B-lymphocytes migrating in the spleen in the transfer of fixed number of T-lymphocytes. As revealed the synthetic substances under study intensified the migration of stem cells and of B-lymphocytes to a much greater extent than Freund's adjuvant. The mechanisms of the influence of the adjuvants used on cell migration processes are discussed.

A comparative assessment of different kinds of operations performed in 410 patients with duodenal ulcer was made. The main criteria of choosing the operation are believed by the authors to be indices of the secretion of hydrochloric acid, character and size of the ulcer and infiltration. The truncal vagotomy with antrumectomy are preferred.