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The World Health Organization (WHO) released guidelines for physical activity, sedentary behav-iour, and sleep for children under 5 years of age in 2019. In response to these guidelines, this study aimed to determine the proportion of preschool children (ages 3-5 years) who met the WHO guidelines. The time spent in physical activity, sedentary behaviour and sleep were objectively measured using accelerometer (ActiGraph wGT3x-BT). Screen time and sleep quality were assessed via parent questionnaire. Focus groups were con-1 ducted with parents and childcare staff to determine the feasibility of the protocol. The results showed that only 23% of the children met all three guidelines, and compliance rates varied for each guideline. The physical activity time guideline was met by 64% of children, the sleep duration guideline was met by 74% of children, and the screen time guideline was met by 53% of children. Only a low proportion of children met the WHO guidelines. The methods and devices used in this pilot study proved to be feasible and this has paved the way to conduct the main SUNRISE study in Bosnia and Herzegovina.

There is little knowledge about within- and between-referee variation (WBRV) in cardiovascular responses (CVR) and locomotor game demands (LMD). Thus, the primary aim of this study was to assess the WBRV of CVR and LMD in male basketball referees during elite international games in preparation [e.g., warm-up (WU) and re-warm-up (R-WU)] and active game phases. The secondary aim was to explore quarter-by-quarter differences in CVR and LMD. Thirty-five international male referees took part in this study (age, 40.4 ± 5.4 years; body height, 184.9 ± 5.7 cm; body weight, 85.1 ± 7.5 kg; BMI, 24.0 ± 1.7 kg × m−2; fat%, 18.8 ± 4.7% and VO2max, 50.4 ± 2.2 L × kg−1 × min−1. In total, 76 games (e.g., 228 officiating cases) were analyzed during the FIBA elite men's competition. They officiated 4.5 games on average (range 3–9 games). Each referee used the Polar Team Pro system to measure CVR [e.g., heart rate (HR), time spent in different HR intensity categories] and LMD (e.g., distance covered, maximal and average velocity, and number of accelerations). Results showed that the referees had bigger WBRV during the active and preparation (e.g., W-U than R-WU) phase when variables of higher CVR and LMD intensity were observed (e.g., time spent at higher HR zones, distance covered in higher speed zones). The WBRV, CVR, and LMD were higher during WU than R-WU. Moreover, the referees had a lower CVR and LMD in the second half. In conclusion, the referees should establish and follow consistently a game-to-game preparation routine and attempt to spread their on-court preparation time equally within the crew. A half-time preparation routine should be improved to re-establish a sufficient activation level similar to that achieved in pre-game preparation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The main aim of the study was to determine the difference in the effects between the two applied protocols (Unilateral and Bilateral), on the ability of planned agility and acceleration. For this research, the sample were active soccer players (N=30; 14 years in average). Two equal groups were formed randomly, unilateral group (EG=15) and bilateral group (CG=15). The study included an 8-week intervention of unilateral and bilateral plyometric training, applied as an integral part of soccer training, with three training sessions in one week. Both applied protocols were equalized according to the total load volume, the number of foot contacts with the ground and the character of the jump performance. Variables included tests of planned agility (side step test, and 505 test, arrowhead test), and acceleration tests (5- and 20 meters sprint). T-test for independent samples, and combined analysis of variance (2x2 / time x group) were calculated. The results showed no differences between the treatment groups, but absolute effects were achieved in both groups. The sidestep test, 505 planned agility test, arrowhead test, and 5 and 20-meter sprint test improved equally in both groups (p<0.05). In conclusion, unilateral and bilateral plyometric training lasting eight weeks led to significant improvements (pre/post= p<0.05) in sprint-type explosive power (acceleration ability) and preplanned agility, but without statistically significant differences in the magnitude of the effects between training groups. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cigarette smoking (CS) and low physical activity levels (PAL) are known to be risk factors for cardiovascular diseases. However, few studies have examined the associations between these factors in population of university students, and, to the best of our knowledge, no study examined this issue in period after the COVID-19 pandemic, despite the detrimental social and health consequences of the pandemic. The aim of this cross-sectional study was to examine associations between sport-participation, PAL and CS among university-level students in the first year after the COVID-19 pandemic. Participants were 761 students (411 females) from three universities in Bosnia and Herzegovina and Croatia, who were tested using semi-structured anonymous questionnaires at the beginning of the 2022/2023 academic year. Questions included queries on sociodemographic characteristics, CS, PAL, and sport-participation. Differences between genders were established by Chi-square test and gender-stratified logistic regressions were calculated to evaluate the associations between sport-participation and PAL, with binomized CS (smoking vs. non-smoking). One third of participants were daily smokers. Logistic regression showed no correlation between PAL and smoking prevalence for total sample (OR = 0.88, 95%CI: 0.75-1.05), males (OR = 0.95, 95%CI: 0.41-1.45), or females (OR = 0.90, 95%CI: 0.54-1.52). In addition, sport participation was not significantly associated with smoking. Results did not prove that sport and physical exercising are a way of reducing the likelihood of smoking; this finding could be a characteristic of the studied sample of participants, but could also be related to the period that was observed (the first year after the COVID-19 pandemic). Further studies examining the associations between PAL/sport participation and other types of substance misuse are warranted. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper included research on the performance of basketball teams, which compete at three different levels of competition, the ABA, the ABA 2, and the BiH Championship. The research was conducted on a sample of 35 teams that played the BiH Championship (11 teams), ABA 2 (12 teams), and ABA (12 teams) in the 2018/2019 season. A total of 64 matches were played (20 matches of the BiH Championship, 22 matches of the ABA 2, and 22 matches of the ABA). Matches were analyzed using a standard form (FIBA) to monitor situation indicators with 22 variables, of which 19 were used in this paper. The main goal of this research was to find out whether it is possible to distinguish successful from unsuccessful teams at three different levels of competition based on 19 standard indicators of situational efficiency in basketball. Based on the results obtained by applied statistical methods, ie analysis of variance, the obtained information can be used as a starting point for analyzing the basketball game of one's team and determining future criteria for selection and programming of basketball teams. The obtained results showed that there are statistically significant differences between the winners at all three levels of competition in those statistical parameters that have a defensive character. So success, to a large extent depends on the realization of the phase of the game in transition, which can be the product of good defense and a jump in defense. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this work was to determine the influence of the reactive power and dynamic balance on the manifestation of the planned agility, or the ability to quickly change the direction (COD) of movement in students. For the purpose of this study, male students (N = 36) were selected, second and third year of the Faculty of Physical Education and Sports, University of Tuzla. The results achieved on the dynamic balance assessment variables did not significantly contribute to the explanation of the results achieved on the criterion variable for assessing the planned agility. On the other hand, the elastic power of the lower extremities at a significant level explains a total of 19% of the variability of agility. Consequently, the result shown that the elastic strength contributes significantly to the explanation of the results achieved on the variables for assessing the planned agility in the T-Test, while the dynamic balance variables has not been demonstrated as a significant factor in the overall explanation results assessing of the motor component of student agility. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The main aim of this research was to determine the differences between 11 to 13 year old athletes and non-athletes. The study was conducted on a sample of 110 boys aged 11.7 ± 2.5, divided into two sub-categories: The first subsample of 50 boys - athletes (body height: 153.6 ± 9.9, body weight: 46, 3 ± 10.6, body fat percentage: 15.9 ± 7.9), who in addition to regular physical education classes had additional physical activities, i.e. were the basketball school attendees. The program was realized from April to September (six months), twice a week for 1.5 hours. The second sub-sample of 60 non-athlete boys, (body height: 152.3 ± 7.9, body weight: 46.1 ± 10.3, body fat percentage: 15.9 ± 6.6), who had regular physical education classes but have not had any additional organized physical activity. T-test results for the independent samples showed a significant difference between athletes and non-athletes in two applied tests: MAGTUP - running in a rectangle and MFESDM - long distance jump in favor of athletes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Copyright of Sport Scientific & Practical Aspects is the property of Faculty of Physical Education & Sport, Tuzla University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Sport Scientific & Practical Aspects is the property of Faculty of Physical Education & Sport, Tuzla University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Sport Scientific & Practical Aspects is the property of Faculty of Physical Education & Sport, Tuzla University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Sport Scientific & Practical Aspects is the property of Faculty of Physical Education & Sport, Tuzla University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Sport Scientific & Practical Aspects is the property of Faculty of Physical Education & Sport, Tuzla University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)