27 results on '"Tzanopoulos, J."'
Search Results
2. Scale sensitivity of drivers of environmental change across Europe
- Author
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Tzanopoulos, J., Mouttet, R., Letourneau, A., Vogiatzakis, I.N., Potts, S.G., Henle, K., Mathevet, R., and Marty, P.
- Published
- 2013
- Full Text
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3. Scaling sensitivity of drivers
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Schröter, M., Bonn, A., Klotz, S., Seppelt, R., Baessler, C., Henle, Klaus, Tzanopoulos, J., Marty, P., Grobelnik, V., Mathevet, R., Hetterley, A.V., Schröter, M., Bonn, A., Klotz, S., Seppelt, R., Baessler, C., Henle, Klaus, Tzanopoulos, J., Marty, P., Grobelnik, V., Mathevet, R., and Hetterley, A.V.
- Abstract
Understanding drivers of change, their impacts on biodiversity and ecosystem services, as well as their relationships to decision- making, constitutes a major challenge for scientists and policy makers.
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- 2019
4. Science-policy dialogue for managing land use change: bridges and barriers
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Drakou, E.G., Palumbo, I., Gross, D., Stropp, J., and Tzanopoulos, J.
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Wildlife Ecology and Conservation ,Life Science ,PE&RC - Published
- 2014
5. Ecological and social drivers of coffee pollination in Santander, Colombia
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Bravo-Monroy, L., primary, Tzanopoulos, J., additional, and Potts, S.G., additional
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- 2015
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6. Scaling of drivers of change across administrative levels
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Henle, K., Potts, S.G., Kunin, W.E., Matsinos, Y.G., Similä, J., Pantis, J.D., Grobelnik, V., Penev, L., Settele, J., Tzanopoulos, J., Mouttet, R., Letourneau, A., Vogiatzakis, I.N., Henle, Klaus, Mathevet, R., Marty, P., Henle, K., Potts, S.G., Kunin, W.E., Matsinos, Y.G., Similä, J., Pantis, J.D., Grobelnik, V., Penev, L., Settele, J., Tzanopoulos, J., Mouttet, R., Letourneau, A., Vogiatzakis, I.N., Henle, Klaus, Mathevet, R., and Marty, P.
- Published
- 2014
7. Confronting and coping with uncertainty in biodiversity research and praxis
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Haila, Y., Henle, Klaus, Apostolopoulou, E., Cent, J., Framstad, E., Görg, Christoph, Jax, Kurt, Klenke, Reinhard, Magnusson, W.E., Matsinos, Yiannis, Müller, Birgit, Paloniemi, R., Pantis, J., Rauschmayer, Felix, Ring, Irene, Settele, Josef, Similä, J., Touloumis, K., Tzanopoulos, J., Pe'er, Guy, Haila, Y., Henle, Klaus, Apostolopoulou, E., Cent, J., Framstad, E., Görg, Christoph, Jax, Kurt, Klenke, Reinhard, Magnusson, W.E., Matsinos, Yiannis, Müller, Birgit, Paloniemi, R., Pantis, J., Rauschmayer, Felix, Ring, Irene, Settele, Josef, Similä, J., Touloumis, K., Tzanopoulos, J., and Pe'er, Guy
- Abstract
This paper summarises discussions in a workshop entitled “exploring uncertainties in biodiversity science, policy and management”. It draws together experiences gained by scientists and scholars when encountering and coping with different types of uncertainty in their work in the field of biodiversity protection. The discussion covers all main phases of scientific work: field work and data analysis; methodologies; setting goals for research projects, taking simultaneously into account the agency of scientists conducting the work; developing communication with policy-makers and society at large; and giving arguments for the societal relevance of the issues. The paper concludes with a plea for collaborative learning that would build upon close cooperation among specialists who have developed expertise in different fields in research, management and politics.
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- 2014
8. An approach to analysing scale-sensitivity and scale-effectiveness of governance in biodiversity conservation
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Padt, F.J., Opdam, P.F., Polman, N.B., Termeer, K., Primmer, E., Paloniemi, R., Mathevet, R., Apostolopoulou, E., Tzanopoulos, J., Ring, Irene, Kettunen, M., Similä, J., Cent, J., Grodzińska-Jurczak, M., Koellner, T., Antunes, P., Pantis, J.D., Potts, S.G., Santos, R., Padt, F.J., Opdam, P.F., Polman, N.B., Termeer, K., Primmer, E., Paloniemi, R., Mathevet, R., Apostolopoulou, E., Tzanopoulos, J., Ring, Irene, Kettunen, M., Similä, J., Cent, J., Grodzińska-Jurczak, M., Koellner, T., Antunes, P., Pantis, J.D., Potts, S.G., and Santos, R.
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- 2014
9. How does habitat diversity affect the species-area relationship?
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Kallimanis, A. S., Mazaris, A. D., Tzanopoulos, J., Halley, J. M., Pantis, J. D., and Sgardelis, S. P.
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habitat diversity ,habitat heterogeneity ,model ,plants ,greece ,conservation ,scale dependency ,islands ,archipelago ,western-australian wheatbelt ,per-se ,natura 2000 ,species-area relationship ,land snails ,birds ,species richness ,richness - Abstract
Aim To examine the way in which 'area' and 'habitat diversity' interact in shaping species richness and to find a simple and valid way to express this interaction. Location The Natura 2000 network of terrestrial protected areas in Greece, covering approximately 16% of the national territory. Methods We used the Natura 2000 framework, which provides a classification scheme for natural habitat types, to quantify habitat heterogeneity. We analysed data for the plant species composition in 16,143 quadrats in which 5044 species and subspecies of higher plants were recorded. We built a simple mathematical model that incorporates the effect of habitat diversity on the species-area relationship (SAR). Results Our analysis showed that habitat diversity was correlated with area. However, keeping habitat diversity constant, species richness was related to area; while keeping area constant, species richness was related to habitat diversity. Comparing the SAR of the 237 sites we found that the slope of the species-area curve was related to habitat diversity. Conclusions Discussion of the causes of the SAR has often focused on the primacy of area per se versus habitat heterogeneity, even though the two mechanisms are not mutually exclusive and should be considered jointly. We find that increasing habitat diversity affects the SAR in different ways, but the dominant effect is to increase the slope of the SAR. While a full model fit typically includes a variety of terms involving both area and habitat richness, we find that the effect of habitat diversity can be reduced to a linear perturbation of the slope of the species accumulation curve. Global Ecology and Biogeography
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- 2008
10. Biodiversity conservation across scales: lessons from a science–policy dialogue
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Paloniemi, R., Apostolopoulou, E., Primmer, E., Grodzińska-Jurczak, M., Henle, Klaus, Ring, Irene, Kettunen, M., Tzanopoulos, J., Potts, S., van den Hove, S., Marty, P., McConville, A., Similä, J., Paloniemi, R., Apostolopoulou, E., Primmer, E., Grodzińska-Jurczak, M., Henle, Klaus, Ring, Irene, Kettunen, M., Tzanopoulos, J., Potts, S., van den Hove, S., Marty, P., McConville, A., and Similä, J.
- Abstract
One of the core challenges of biodiversity conservation is to better understand the interconnectedness and interactions of scales in ecological and governance processes. These interrelationships constitute not only a complex analytical challenge but they also open up a channel for deliberative discussions and knowledge exchange between and among various societal actors which may themselves be operating at various scales, such as policy makers, land use planners, members of NGOs, and researchers. In this paper, we discuss and integrate the perspectives of various disciplines academics and stakeholders who participated in a workshop on scales of European biodiversity governance organised in Brussels in the autumn of 2010. The 23 participants represented various governmental agencies and NGOs from the European, national, and sub-national levels. The data from the focus group discussions of the workshop were analysed using qualitative content analysis. The core scale-related challenges of biodiversity policy identified by the participants were cross-level and cross-sector limitations as well as ecological, social and social-ecological complexities that potentially lead to a variety of scale-related mismatches. As ways to address these challenges the participants highlighted innovations, and an aim to develop new interdisciplinary approaches to support the processes aiming to solve current scale challenges.
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- 2012
11. Nature conservation - a new dimension in open access publishing bridging science and application
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Henle, Klaus, Bell, S., Brotons, L., Clobert, J., Evans, D., Görg, Christoph, Grodzińska-Jurczak, M., Gruber, Bernd, Haila, Yriö, Henry, P.-Y., Huth, Andreas, Julliard, R., Keil, P., Kleyer, M., Kotze, D.J., Kunin, W., Lengyel, S., Lin, Y.-P., Loyau, Adeline, Luck, G., Magnuson, W., Margules, C., Matsinos, Yiannis, May, P., Sousa-Pinto, I., Possingham, H., Potts, S., Ring, Irene, Pryke, J., Samways, M., Saunders, D., Schmeller, Dirk Sven, Similä, J., Sommer, S., Steffan-Dewenter, I., Stoev, P., Sykes, M., Tóthmérész, B., Yam, R., Tzanopoulos, J., Penev, L., Henle, Klaus, Bell, S., Brotons, L., Clobert, J., Evans, D., Görg, Christoph, Grodzińska-Jurczak, M., Gruber, Bernd, Haila, Yriö, Henry, P.-Y., Huth, Andreas, Julliard, R., Keil, P., Kleyer, M., Kotze, D.J., Kunin, W., Lengyel, S., Lin, Y.-P., Loyau, Adeline, Luck, G., Magnuson, W., Margules, C., Matsinos, Yiannis, May, P., Sousa-Pinto, I., Possingham, H., Potts, S., Ring, Irene, Pryke, J., Samways, M., Saunders, D., Schmeller, Dirk Sven, Similä, J., Sommer, S., Steffan-Dewenter, I., Stoev, P., Sykes, M., Tóthmérész, B., Yam, R., Tzanopoulos, J., and Penev, L.
- Abstract
This Editorial presents the focus, scope and policies of the inaugural issue of Nature Conservation, a new open access, peer-reviewed journal bridging natural sciences, social sciences and hands-on applications in conservation management. The journal covers all aspects of nature conservation and aims particularly at facilitating better interaction between scientists and practitioners. The journal will impose no restrictions on manuscript size or the use of colour. We will use an XML-based editorial workflow and several cutting-edge innovations in publishing and information dissemination. These include semantic mark-up of, and enhancements to published text, data, and extensive cross-linking within the journal and to external sources. We believe the journal will make an important contribution to better linking science and practice, offers rapid, peer-reviewed and flexible publication for authors and unrestricted access to content.
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- 2012
12. Securing the conservation of biodiversity across administrative levels and spatial, temporal, and ecological scales - research needs and approaches of the SCALES project
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Henle, Klaus, Kunin, W., Schweiger, Oliver, Schmeller, Dirk Sven, Grobelnik, V., Matsinos, Yiannis, Pantis, J., Penev, L., Potts, S.G., Ring, Irene, Similä, J., Tzanopoulos, J., van den Hove, S., Baguette, M., Clobert, J., Excoffier, L., Framstad, E., Grodzińska-Jurczak, M., Lengyel, S., Marty, P., Moilanen, A., Porcher, E., Storch, D., Steffan-Dewenter, I., Sykes, M.T., Zobel, M., Settele, Josef, Henle, Klaus, Kunin, W., Schweiger, Oliver, Schmeller, Dirk Sven, Grobelnik, V., Matsinos, Yiannis, Pantis, J., Penev, L., Potts, S.G., Ring, Irene, Similä, J., Tzanopoulos, J., van den Hove, S., Baguette, M., Clobert, J., Excoffier, L., Framstad, E., Grodzińska-Jurczak, M., Lengyel, S., Marty, P., Moilanen, A., Porcher, E., Storch, D., Steffan-Dewenter, I., Sykes, M.T., Zobel, M., and Settele, Josef
- Abstract
Biodiversity conservation measures and biological processes often do not match in scale. The EU funded project SCALES (Securing the Conservation of biodiver sity across Administrative Levels and spatial, temporal, and Ecological Scales) is intended to solve this challenge. SCALES analyses how selected pressures (climate change, habitat loss, fragmentation, disturbance), their drivers, and their impacts on biodiversity change with spatial and temporal scale. The project develops methods for a better understanding of scaling properties of biological processes from the genet ic level to populations, communities, and ecosystem functions. SCALES also seeks ways to integrate the issue of scale into policy, decision-making, and biodiversity management, focusing on networks of protected areas, regional connectivity, and biodiversity monitoring.
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- 2010
13. Assessing the relative importance of conservation measures applied on sea turtles: comparison of measures focusing on nesting success and hatching recruitment success
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Mazaris, A.D., Kramer-Schadt, Stefanie, Tzanopoulos, J., Johst, Karin, Matsinos, G., Pantis, J.D., Mazaris, A.D., Kramer-Schadt, Stefanie, Tzanopoulos, J., Johst, Karin, Matsinos, G., and Pantis, J.D.
- Abstract
Conservation measures applied to sea turtle nesting sites have a beneficial effect on population trends and dynamics. Such measures aim to protect nesting females, increase nesting success (proportion of female emergences resulting in nests) and/or to improve hatching and hatchling emergence success. However, taking into account financial and time constrains it is important to identify those measures that have the most positive impact on the sea turtle population. The aim of this paper is to assess and compare the relative importance of the different factors that may influence the efficiency of conservation actions and to investigate which factors, those associated with decreased nesting success, or others leading to higher embryonic and hatchling mortality have a higher impact on overall hatchling recruitment. We developed a model that simulates the nesting activity of sea turtles. For model parameterization, we used data collected from nesting sites of the loggerhead sea turtles (Caretta caretta) in the Eastern Mediterranean. We conducted a series of simulations by simultaneously changing model input parameters. The results of the model illustrate that an increase in hatchling recruitment success (i.e., hatching and hatchling emergence success) would have a more positive effect on overall hatchling production than a similar in nesting success. Our analysis further suggests that changes in hatchling recruitment success even at a single site, could have an important impact on overall hatchling production of the rookery.
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- 2009
14. Modelling the likely impact of healthy eating guidelines on agricultural production and land use in England and Wales
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Arnoult, M.H., primary, Jones, P.J., additional, Tranter, R.B., additional, Tiffin, R., additional, Traill, W.B., additional, and Tzanopoulos, J., additional
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- 2010
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15. Do plant–pollinator interaction networks result from stochastic processes?
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Kallimanis, A.S., primary, Petanidou, T., additional, Tzanopoulos, J., additional, Pantis, J.D., additional, and Sgardelis, S.P., additional
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- 2009
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16. Factors Affecting Distribution of Vegetation Types on Abandoned Cropland in the Hilly-Gullied Loess Plateau Region of China
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JIAO, Ju-Ying, primary, TZANOPOULOS, J., additional, XOFIS, P., additional, and MITCHLEY, J., additional
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- 2008
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17. Overcoming barriers to agri-environmental management at landscape scale: Balancing farmer coordination and collaboration with the aid of facilitators and pioneers.
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Matthews PG, Fish RD, and Tzanopoulos J
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- Humans, England, Cooperative Behavior, Farmers, Agriculture, Conservation of Natural Resources
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Policy instruments that integrate the actions of multiple farmers are of growing interest for improving landscape scale environmental sustainability of agriculture. We conducted in-depth, semi-structured interviews with farmers in south-east England and applied thematic analysis to the responses to perform a qualitative investigation into the combined role of economic, social, and cultural barriers to cooperative environmental management, and identify possible solutions for these barriers. Interviewees recognised environmental benefits of cooperative management, but this was a low priority compared to other management activities, being seen as complex and time-consuming, with uncertainty over direct benefits to participants. External coordination could address this by overseeing information sharing on cooperation benefits and minimising the logistical burden for participants, but given farmer mistrust of outside intervention, these projects will be more successful when collaborating farmers feel they are in control. The efforts of both pioneering farmers able to initiate projects with their peers, and respected facilitators who embody local knowledge and experience, will be vital for balancing coordination and collaboration. Finding the optimal balance between these different elements will vary with local circumstances: policy should have the flexibility to accommodate this. Farmers were wary of connecting with others possessing different farming ideals and thus having to compromise on their management approach. Some respondents sought to bridge these gaps by focusing on aspects of farming identities they shared with their peers, raising the possibility that support targeting these individuals will help develop relationships that foster lasting cultural change for farmer cooperative environmental management., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2024 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd.. All rights reserved.)
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- 2024
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18. Climate Change and Emotions: Analysis of People's Emotional States in Southern Ecuador.
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Iniguez-Gallardo V, Lenti Boero D, and Tzanopoulos J
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Climate change involves multiple emotional expressions associated with specific labels, notably: 'concern,' 'guilt,' or 'scepticism.' However, there are other types of emotions that have been less analysed, such as 'powerlessness,' 'anger' and 'confusion' that are of equal importance for predicting behavioural changes toward this climatic issue. Likewise, few studies in this research field rely on qualitative data to understand and identify the causative agents for the emotional arousal. This research explores a range of emotions, mixing those that have been widely studied and those that have been hardly analysed. It also looks at the demographic parameters associated with such emotions using a population sample from southern Ecuador. The study analyses quantitative and qualitative data gathered through structured-questionnaires whereby participants were given agency to select and define how they themselves sense emotionally climate change. The results indicate that two of the five participants' most selected emotions are shared with other nations ('concern,' 'guilt'), while the other three have been less reported and studied in the climate change field ('powerlessness,' 'anger,' and 'confusion'). These emotions were found to be aroused by different reasons associated with specific demographic variables. The findings reveal the role of the cultural and local environment in the emotional arousal and its relevance for designing more effective climate communication campaigns., Competing Interests: The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest., (Copyright © 2021 Iniguez-Gallardo, Lenti Boero and Tzanopoulos.)
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- 2021
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19. Between concepts and experiences: understandings of climate change in southern Ecuador.
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Iniguez-Gallardo V, Bride I, and Tzanopoulos J
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- Agriculture, Ecuador, Humans, Rural Population, Climate Change, Farmers
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For decades, researchers have worried about people's understanding of climate change. Although this understanding varies by cultural context, most studies so far have taken place in industrialised countries. Few studies have explored understandings of climate change in the global South. Through standardised questionnaires and semi-structured interviews conducted in southern Ecuador, this article explores differences between urban and rural dwellers and compares these with farmers' understandings of the causes, consequences and risks. We found urban and rural dwellers hold a similar understanding to that found in other nations, but articulated in ways that reflect their particular realities. Despite reporting firsthand experience of the agricultural effects of climate change, when prompted, farmers do not link climate change to their own experience. It is thus important to go beyond judging knowledge as correct or incorrect, and instead, incorporate local realities in the climate narrative.
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- 2020
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20. Sound-mapping a coniferous forest-Perspectives for biodiversity monitoring and noise mitigation.
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Turner A, Fischer M, and Tzanopoulos J
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- Conservation of Natural Resources, Biodiversity, Environmental Monitoring methods, Forests, Noise, Tracheophyta
- Abstract
Acoustic diversity indices have been proposed as low-cost biodiversity monitoring tools. The acoustic diversity of a soundscape can be indicative of the richness of an acoustic community and the structural/vegetation characteristics of a habitat. There is a need to apply these methods to landscapes that are ecologically and/or economically important. We investigate the relationship between the acoustic properties of a coniferous forest with stand-age and structure. We sampled a 73 point grid in part of the UK's largest man-made lowland coniferous plantation forest, covering a 320ha mosaic of different aged stands. Forest stands ranged from 0-85 years old providing an age-gradient. Short soundscape recordings were collected from each grid point on multiple mornings (between 6am-11am) to capture the dawn chorus. We repeated the study during July/August in 2014 and again in 2015. Five acoustic indices were calculated for a total of 889 two minute samples. Moderate relationships between acoustic diversity with forest stand-age and vegetation characteristics (canopy height; canopy cover) were observed. Ordinations suggest that as structural complexity and forest age increases, the higher frequency bands (4-10KHz) become more represented in the soundscape. A strong linear relationship was observed between distance to the nearest road and the ratio of anthropogenic noise to biological sounds within the soundscape. Similar acoustic patterns were observed in both years, though acoustic diversity was generally lower in 2014, which was likely due to differences in wind conditions between years. Our results suggest that developing these relatively low-cost acoustic monitoring methods to inform adaptive management of production landscapes, may lead to improved biodiversity monitoring. The methods may also prove useful for modelling road noise, landscape planning and noise mitigation.
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- 2018
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21. Activity and Habitat Use of Chimpanzees ( Pan troglodytes verus ) in the Anthropogenic Landscape of Bossou, Guinea, West Africa.
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Bryson-Morrison N, Tzanopoulos J, Matsuzawa T, and Humle T
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Many primate populations inhabit anthropogenic landscapes. Understanding their long-term ability to persist in such environments and associated real and perceived risks for both primates and people is essential for effective conservation planning. Primates in forest-agricultural mosaics often consume cultivars to supplement their diet, leading to potentially negative encounters with farmers. When crossing roads, primates also face the risk of encounters with people and collision with vehicles. Chimpanzees ( Pan troglodytes verus ) in Bossou, Guinea, West Africa, face such risks regularly. In this study, we aimed to examine their activity budget across habitat types and the influence of anthropogenic risks associated with cultivated fields, roads, and paths on their foraging behavior in noncultivated habitat. We conducted 6-h morning or afternoon follows daily from April 2012 to March 2013. Chimpanzees preferentially used forest habitat types for traveling and resting and highly disturbed habitat types for socializing. Wild fruit and crop availability influenced seasonal habitat use for foraging. Overall, chimpanzees preferred mature forest for all activities. They showed a significant preference for foraging at >200 m from cultivated fields compared to 0-100 m and 101-200 m, with no effect of habitat type or season, suggesting an influence of associated risk. Nevertheless, the chimpanzees did not actively avoid foraging close to roads and paths. Our study reveals chimpanzee reliance on different habitat types and the influence of human-induced pressures on their activities. Such information is critical for the establishment of effective land use management strategies in anthropogenic landscapes.
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- 2017
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22. Identifying Where REDD+ Financially Out-Competes Oil Palm in Floodplain Landscapes Using a Fine-Scale Approach.
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Abram NK, MacMillan DC, Xofis P, Ancrenaz M, Tzanopoulos J, Ong R, Goossens B, Koh LP, Del Valle C, Peter L, Morel AC, Lackman I, Chung R, Kler H, Ambu L, Baya W, and Knight AT
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- Borneo, Arecaceae growth & development, Conservation of Natural Resources economics, Crop Production economics, Forests
- Abstract
Reducing Emissions from Deforestation and forest Degradation (REDD+) aims to avoid forest conversion to alternative land-uses through financial incentives. Oil-palm has high opportunity costs, which according to current literature questions the financial competitiveness of REDD+ in tropical lowlands. To understand this more, we undertook regional fine-scale and coarse-scale analyses (through carbon mapping and economic modelling) to assess the financial viability of REDD+ in safeguarding unprotected forest (30,173 ha) in the Lower Kinabatangan floodplain in Malaysian Borneo. Results estimate 4.7 million metric tons of carbon (MgC) in unprotected forest, with 64% allocated for oil-palm cultivations. Through fine-scale mapping and carbon accounting, we demonstrated that REDD+ can outcompete oil-palm in regions with low suitability, with low carbon prices and low carbon stock. In areas with medium oil-palm suitability, REDD+ could outcompete oil palm in areas with: very high carbon and lower carbon price; medium carbon price and average carbon stock; or, low carbon stock and high carbon price. Areas with high oil palm suitability, REDD+ could only outcompete with higher carbon price and higher carbon stock. In the coarse-scale model, oil-palm outcompeted REDD+ in all cases. For the fine-scale models at the landscape level, low carbon offset prices (US $3 MgCO2e) would enable REDD+ to outcompete oil-palm in 55% of the unprotected forests requiring US $27 million to secure these areas for 25 years. Higher carbon offset price (US $30 MgCO2e) would increase the competitiveness of REDD+ within the landscape but would still only capture between 69%-74% of the unprotected forest, requiring US $380-416 million in carbon financing. REDD+ has been identified as a strategy to mitigate climate change by many countries (including Malaysia). Although REDD+ in certain scenarios cannot outcompete oil palm, this research contributes to the global REDD+ debate by: highlighting REDD+ competitiveness in tropical floodplain landscapes; and, providing a robust approach for identifying and targeting limited REDD+ funds.
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- 2016
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23. Jaguar Densities across Human-Dominated Landscapes in Colombia: The Contribution of Unprotected Areas to Long Term Conservation.
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Boron V, Tzanopoulos J, Gallo J, Barragan J, Jaimes-Rodriguez L, Schaller G, and Payán E
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- Agriculture methods, Animals, Cattle, Colombia, Conservation of Natural Resources methods, Ecosystem, Humans, Population Density, Panthera physiology
- Abstract
Large carnivores such as jaguars (Panthera onca) are species of conservation concern because they are suffering population declines and are keystone species in their ecosystems. Their large area requirements imply that unprotected and ever-increasing agricultural regions can be important habitats as they allow connectivity and dispersal among core protected areas. Yet information on jaguar densities across unprotected landscapes it is still scarce and crucially needed to assist management and range-wide conservation strategies. Our study provides the first jaguar density estimates of Colombia in agricultural regions which included cattle ranching, the main land use in the country, and oil palm cultivation, an increasing land use across the Neotropics. We used camera trapping across two agricultural landscapes located in the Magdalena River valley and in the Colombian llanos (47-53 stations respectively; >2000 trap nights at both sites) and classic and spatially explicit capture-recapture models with the sex of individuals as a covariate. Density estimates were 2.52±0.46-3.15±1.08 adults/100 km2 in the Magdalena valley, whereas 1.12±0.13-2.19±0.99 adults/100 km2 in the Colombian llanos, depending on analysis used. We suggest that jaguars are able to live across unprotected human-use areas and co-exist with agricultural landscapes including oil-palm plantations if natural areas and riparian habitats persist in the landscape and hunting of both jaguar and prey is limited. In the face of an expanding agriculture across the tropics we recommend land-use planning, adequate incentives, regulations, and good agricultural practices for range-wide jaguar connectivity and survival.
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- 2016
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24. Intensive agriculture reduces soil biodiversity across Europe.
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Tsiafouli MA, Thébault E, Sgardelis SP, de Ruiter PC, van der Putten WH, Birkhofer K, Hemerik L, de Vries FT, Bardgett RD, Brady MV, Bjornlund L, Jørgensen HB, Christensen S, Hertefeldt TD, Hotes S, Gera Hol WH, Frouz J, Liiri M, Mortimer SR, Setälä H, Tzanopoulos J, Uteseny K, Pižl V, Stary J, Wolters V, and Hedlund K
- Subjects
- Europe, Agriculture methods, Biodiversity, Soil Microbiology
- Abstract
Soil biodiversity plays a key role in regulating the processes that underpin the delivery of ecosystem goods and services in terrestrial ecosystems. Agricultural intensification is known to change the diversity of individual groups of soil biota, but less is known about how intensification affects biodiversity of the soil food web as a whole, and whether or not these effects may be generalized across regions. We examined biodiversity in soil food webs from grasslands, extensive, and intensive rotations in four agricultural regions across Europe: in Sweden, the UK, the Czech Republic and Greece. Effects of land-use intensity were quantified based on structure and diversity among functional groups in the soil food web, as well as on community-weighted mean body mass of soil fauna. We also elucidate land-use intensity effects on diversity of taxonomic units within taxonomic groups of soil fauna. We found that between regions soil food web diversity measures were variable, but that increasing land-use intensity caused highly consistent responses. In particular, land-use intensification reduced the complexity in the soil food webs, as well as the community-weighted mean body mass of soil fauna. In all regions across Europe, species richness of earthworms, Collembolans, and oribatid mites was negatively affected by increased land-use intensity. The taxonomic distinctness, which is a measure of taxonomic relatedness of species in a community that is independent of species richness, was also reduced by land-use intensification. We conclude that intensive agriculture reduces soil biodiversity, making soil food webs less diverse and composed of smaller bodied organisms. Land-use intensification results in fewer functional groups of soil biota with fewer and taxonomically more closely related species. We discuss how these changes in soil biodiversity due to land-use intensification may threaten the functioning of soil in agricultural production systems., (© 2014 John Wiley & Sons Ltd.)
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- 2015
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25. Synergies for improving oil palm production and forest conservation in floodplain landscapes.
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Abram NK, Xofis P, Tzanopoulos J, MacMillan DC, Ancrenaz M, Chung R, Peter L, Ong R, Lackman I, Goossens B, Ambu L, and Knight AT
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- Arecaceae growth & development, Geography, Image Processing, Computer-Assisted, Malaysia, Models, Theoretical, Palm Oil, Plant Oils economics, Arecaceae metabolism, Conservation of Natural Resources economics, Floods, Forests, Plant Oils metabolism
- Abstract
Lowland tropical forests are increasingly threatened with conversion to oil palm as global demand and high profit drives crop expansion throughout the world's tropical regions. Yet, landscapes are not homogeneous and regional constraints dictate land suitability for this crop. We conducted a regional study to investigate spatial and economic components of forest conversion to oil palm within a tropical floodplain in the Lower Kinabatangan, Sabah, Malaysian Borneo. The Kinabatangan ecosystem harbours significant biodiversity with globally threatened species but has suffered forest loss and fragmentation. We mapped the oil palm and forested landscapes (using object-based-image analysis, classification and regression tree analysis and on-screen digitising of high-resolution imagery) and undertook economic modelling. Within the study region (520,269 ha), 250,617 ha is cultivated with oil palm with 77% having high Net-Present-Value (NPV) estimates ($413/ha-yr-$637/ha-yr); but 20.5% is under-producing. In fact 6.3% (15,810 ha) of oil palm is commercially redundant (with negative NPV of $-299/ha-yr-$-65/ha-yr) due to palm mortality from flood inundation. These areas would have been important riparian or flooded forest types. Moreover, 30,173 ha of unprotected forest remain and despite its value for connectivity and biodiversity 64% is allocated for future oil palm. However, we estimate that at minimum 54% of these forests are unsuitable for this crop due to inundation events. If conversion to oil palm occurs, we predict a further 16,207 ha will become commercially redundant. This means that over 32,000 ha of forest within the floodplain would have been converted for little or no financial gain yet with significant cost to the ecosystem. Our findings have globally relevant implications for similar floodplain landscapes undergoing forest transformation to agriculture such as oil palm. Understanding landscape level constraints to this crop, and transferring these into policy and practice, may provide conservation and economic opportunities within these seemingly high opportunity cost landscapes.
- Published
- 2014
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
26. Predicting microbial pollution concentrations in UK rivers in response to land use change.
- Author
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Hampson D, Crowther J, Bateman I, Kay D, Posen P, Stapleton C, Wyer M, Fezzi C, Jones P, and Tzanopoulos J
- Subjects
- Animals, Enterococcus isolation & purification, Environmental Restoration and Remediation methods, Food standards, Food Microbiology standards, Humans, Intestines microbiology, Predictive Value of Tests, Risk Assessment, Seasons, United Kingdom, Water Supply standards, Environmental Monitoring, Feces microbiology, Rivers microbiology, Water Microbiology, Water Pollution analysis, Water Supply analysis
- Abstract
The Water Framework Directive has caused a paradigm shift towards the integrated management of recreational water quality through the development of drainage basin-wide programmes of measures. This has increased the need for a cost-effective diagnostic tool capable of accurately predicting riverine faecal indicator organism (FIO) concentrations. This paper outlines the application of models developed to fulfil this need, which represent the first transferrable generic FIO models to be developed for the UK to incorporate direct measures of key FIO sources (namely human and livestock population data) as predictor variables. We apply a recently developed transfer methodology, which enables the quantification of geometric mean presumptive faecal coliforms and presumptive intestinal enterococci concentrations for base- and high-flow during the summer bathing season in unmonitored UK watercourses, to predict FIO concentrations in the Humber river basin district. Because the FIO models incorporate explanatory variables which allow the effects of policy measures which influence livestock stocking rates to be assessed, we carry out empirical analysis of the differential effects of seven land use management and policy instruments (fiscal constraint, production constraint, cost intervention, area intervention, demand-side constraint, input constraint, and micro-level land use management) all of which can be used to reduce riverine FIO concentrations. This research provides insights into FIO source apportionment, explores a selection of pollution remediation strategies and the spatial differentiation of land use policies which could be implemented to deliver river quality improvements. All of the policy tools we model reduce FIO concentrations in rivers but our research suggests that the installation of streamside fencing in intensive milk producing areas may be the single most effective land management strategy to reduce riverine microbial pollution., (Copyright © 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)
- Published
- 2010
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
27. Long-term observation of a pollination network: fluctuation in species and interactions, relative invariance of network structure and implications for estimates of specialization.
- Author
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Petanidou T, Kallimanis AS, Tzanopoulos J, Sgardelis SP, and Pantis JD
- Subjects
- Animals, Greece, Observation, Species Specificity, Adaptation, Biological physiology, Ecosystem, Insecta physiology, Models, Biological, Plant Physiological Phenomena, Pollination physiology
- Abstract
We analysed the dynamics of a plant-pollinator interaction network of a scrub community surveyed over four consecutive years. Species composition within the annual networks showed high temporal variation. Temporal dynamics were also evident in the topology of the network, as interactions among plants and pollinators did not remain constant through time. This change involved both the number and the identity of interacting partners. Strikingly, few species and interactions were consistently present in all four annual plant-pollinator networks (53% of the plant species, 21% of the pollinator species and 4.9% of the interactions). The high turnover in species-to-species interactions was mainly the effect of species turnover (c. 70% in pairwise comparisons among years), and less the effect of species flexibility to interact with new partners (c. 30%). We conclude that specialization in plant-pollinator interactions might be highly overestimated when measured over short periods of time. This is because many plant or pollinator species appear as specialists in 1 year, but tend to be generalists or to interact with different partner species when observed in other years. The high temporal plasticity in species composition and interaction identity coupled with the low variation in network structure properties (e.g. degree centralization, connectance, nestedness, average distance and network diameter) imply (i) that tight and specialized coevolution might not be as important as previously suggested and (ii) that plant-pollinator interaction networks might be less prone to detrimental effects of disturbance than previously thought. We suggest that this may be due to the opportunistic nature of plant and animal species regarding the available partner resources they depend upon at any particular time.
- Published
- 2008
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
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