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2. Invasive Pneumococcal Disease and Long-Term Mortality Rates in Adults, Alberta, Canada

Author

Versluys, Kristen A., Eurich, Dean T., Marrie, Thomas J., and Tyrrell, Gregory J.

Subjects
Pneumococcal infections -- Diagnosis -- Patient outcomes -- Demographic aspects, Health
Abstract

Despite introduction and recommendation of the capsular polysaccharide pneumococcal vaccine in Canada during 1989 to persons >65 years of age, Streptococcus pneumoniae is still a cause of major illness and [...]

Published
2022
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6. Invasive Group A Streptococcus Hypervirulent M1UK Clone, Canada, 2018-2023.

Author

Golden, Alyssa R., Griffith, Averil, Tyrrell, Gregory J., Kus, Julianne V., McGeer, Allison, Domingo, Marc-Christian, Grant, Jennifer, Minion, Jessica, Van Caeseele, Paul, Desnoyers, Guillaume, Haldane, David, Yang Yu, Xiaofeng Ding, Steven, Laura, McFadzen, Jan, Primeau, Courtney, and Martin, Irene

Subjects
STREPTOCOCCUS, GENOMICS, GENE clusters, BACTERIOPHAGES
Abstract

To determine invasive group A Streptococcus trends in Canada, we characterized emm1 isolates collected during 2018-2023. The percentage of hypervirulent M1UK lineage isolates increased significantly, from 22.1% in 2018 to 60.2% in 2023. Genomic analysis identified geographically and temporally associated clusters and genes associated with virulent bacteriophage acquisition. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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7. Characterization of Mycobacterium orygis, Mycobacterium bovis, and Mycobacterium caprae Infections in Humans in Western Canada.

Author

Riopel, Nicholas D, Long, Richard, Heffernan, Courtney, Tyrrell, Gregory J, Shandro, Cary, Li, Vincent, Islam, Md Rashedul, Stobart, Michael, Sharma, Meenu K, Soualhine, Hafid, and Cooper, Ryan

Subjects
MYCOBACTERIUM bovis, MYCOBACTERIUM tuberculosis, MYCOBACTERIAL diseases, ANIMAL diseases, TUBERCULOSIS in cattle
Abstract

Epidemiologic research on zoonotic tuberculosis historically used Mycobacterium bovis as a surrogate measure; however, increased reports of human tuberculosis caused by other animal-associated Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex members like Mycobacterium orygis necessitates their inclusion. We performed a retrospective cohort study including persons infected with any animal-lineage M tuberculosis complex species in Alberta, Canada, from January 1995 to July 2021, identifying 42 patients (20  M bovis , 21  M orygis , 1 M caprae). Demographic, epidemiologic, and clinical characteristics were compared against persons with culture-confirmed M tuberculosis infection. The proportion of culture-positive infections caused by M orygis increased continuously from 2016 to 2020. Significantly more females at a higher median age were impacted by M orygis , with all patients originating from South Asia. Mycobacterium bovis caused significantly more extrapulmonary disease and disproportionately impacted young females, particularly those pregnant or postpartum. All infections were acquired abroad. These findings can aid in developing targeted public health interventions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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8. Invasive pneumococcal disease surveillance in Canada, 2021–2022

Author

Griffith, Averil, primary, Golden, Alyssa R, additional, Lefebvre, Brigitte, additional, McGeer, Allison, additional, Tyrrell, Gregory J, additional, Zhanel, George G, additional, Kus, Julianne V, additional, Hoang, Linda, additional, Minion, Jessica, additional, Van Caeseele, Paul, additional, Smadi, Hanan, additional, Haldane, David, additional, Yu, Yang, additional, Ding, Xiaofeng, additional, Steven, Laura, additional, McFadzen, Jan, additional, Franklin, Kristyn, additional, and Martin, Irene, additional

Published
2024
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9. International circumpolar surveillance: update on the interlaboratory quality control program for Streptococcus pneumoniae , 2009 to 2020

Author

Golden, Alyssa R., primary, Griffith, Averil, additional, Simons, Brenna C., additional, Reasonover, Alisa, additional, Slotved, Hans-Christian, additional, Lefebvre, Brigitte, additional, Kristinsson, Karl G., additional, Hurteau, Donna, additional, Tyrrell, Gregory J., additional, Bruce, Michael G., additional, and Martin, Irene, additional

Published
2024
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10. Whole-Genome Analysis of Streptococcus pneumoniae Serotype 4 Causing Outbreak of Invasive Pneumococcal Disease, Alberta, Canada

Author

Kellner, James D., Ricketson, Leah J., Demczuk, Walter H.B., Martin, Irene, Tyrrell, Gregory J., Vanderkooi, Otto G., and Mulvey, Michael R.

Subjects
Alberta -- Health aspects, Streptococcus pneumoniae -- Identification and classification -- Genetic aspects, Epidemics -- Causes of -- Risk factors -- Canada, Pneumococcal infections -- Causes of -- Risk factors, Health
Abstract

Streptococcus pneumoniae causes both invasive and nonin vasi ve disease. Since the introduction of 7-valent and 13-valent protein-polysaccharide conjugated pneumococcal vaccines (PCV7 and PCV13, respectively) for children, vaccine serotype disease [...]

Published
2021
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11. Increasing Incidence of Invasive Group A Streptococcus Disease in First Nations Population, Alberta, Canada, 2003-2017

Author

Tyrrell, Gregory J., Bell, Christopher, Bill, Lea, and Fathima, Sumana

Subjects
Medical research, Medicine, Experimental, Canadian native peoples -- Health aspects, Streptococcal infections -- Diagnosis -- Care and treatment, Disease transmission -- Forecasts and trends, Market trend/market analysis, Health
Abstract

GAS disease is caused by the gram-positive coccus bacterium Streptococcus pyogenes; invasive GAS (iGAS) disease is typically defined as identification of GAS from any sterile site, including blood, cerebrospinal fluid, [...]

Published
2021
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13. Clinical Presentations and Outcomes of Children in Canada With Recurrent Invasive Pneumococcal Disease From the IMPACT Surveillance Network

Author

Murad, Yousif, Hung, Te-Yu, Sadarangani, Manish, Morris, Shaun K., Le Saux, Nicole, Vanderkooi, Otto G., Kellner, James D., Tyrrell, Gregory J., Martin, Irene, Demczuk, Walter, Halperin, Scott A., Bettinger, Julie A., Bridger, N., Foo, Cheryl, Halperin, S.A., Top, K.A., Thibeault, R., Moore, D., Papenburg, J., Lebel, M., Le Saux, N., Morris, S., Embree, J., Tan, B., McConnell, Athena, Jadavji, T., Constantinescu, C., Vaudry, W., Scheifele, D., Sadarangani, M., Bettinger, J., and Sauvé, L.

Published
2022
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14. Utilizing whole genome sequencing to delineate relapse and reinfection tuberculosis on the Canadian prairies

Author

Singh, Reema, Dillon, Jo-Anne R., Jamieson, Frances, Khan, Ibrahim, Long, Richard, McDonald, Ryan, Minion, Jessica, Rea, Elizabeth, Richard-Greenblatt, Melissa, Kaushal Sharma, Meenu, Shokoples, Sandy, Tyrrell, Gregory J., Hoeppner, Vernon, and Wobeser, Wendy

Abstract

AbstractRATIONALERecurrent tuberculosis (TB) accounts for 5% of the Canadian TB burden. Recurrence can occur from relapse or reinfection. Identifying reinfection has implications for developing control policies.OBJECTIVEThe objectives of this study were to quantify reinfection in recurrent TB using whole genome phylogenetic and single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) and compare with epidemiological and clinical parameters from the Canadian prairies.METHODSDNA sequences of Mycobacterium tuberculosisisolates from recurrent TB cases along with epidemiological and clinical parameters were collected from Alberta and Saskatchewan. Inclusion criteria were two or more culture positive notifications age ≥17 years. SNP and phylogenetic tree scale differences (TIP) were used to determine the relapse and reinfection categories.RESULTSOf 7,627 notifications of TB disease, 533 were recurrent. 93 pairs (180 cases) were culture positive from which 26 (50 cases) were available for sequencing. 19 cases with SNP and TIP values ≤25 and ≤.001 were classified relapse. Seven SNP and TIP values >160 and >.001 were classified reinfection. Five of seven reinfections were Indigenous cases from high TB incidence areas. The non-sequenced and sequenced pairs differed only in age.CONCLUSIONSRecurrent culture positive TB is uncommon on the Canadian prairies and is more likely to be relapse. Reinfection is more likely in Indigenous persons living in high TB incidence communities. A limitation was the risk of selection bias since only 28% of eligible cases were sequenced. Since we did not know the non-sequenced reinfection risk, we could only conclude that the non-sequenced and sequenced categories were similar.

Published
2024
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15. Invasive group A streptococcal disease surveillance in Canada, 2021–2022.

Author

Golden, Alyssa R., Griffith, Averil, Tyrrell, Gregory J., Kus, Julianne V., McGeer, Allison, Domingo, Marc-Christian, Hoang, Linda, Minion, Jessica, Van Caeseele, Paul, Smadi, Hanan, Haldane, David, Yang Yu, Xiaofeng Ding, Steven, Laura, McFadzen, Jan, Primeau, Courtney, Franklin, Kristyn, and Martin, Irene

Subjects
STREPTOCOCCAL diseases, TOXIC shock syndrome, WHOLE genome sequencing, STREPTOCOCCUS pyogenes, DRUG resistance in microorganisms, PUBLIC health
Abstract

Background: Invasive group A streptococcal (iGAS, Streptococcus pyogenes) disease has been a nationally notifiable disease in Canada since 2000. This report summarizes the demographics, emm types, and antimicrobial resistance of iGAS isolates collected in Canada in 2021 and 2022. Methods: The Public Health Agency of Canada’s National Microbiology Laboratory collaborates with provincial and territorial public health laboratories to conduct national surveillance of invasive S. pyogenes. Emm typing was performed using the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention emm sequencing protocol or extracted from whole-genome sequencing data. Antimicrobial susceptibilities were determined using Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion according to Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute guidelines or predicted from whole-genome sequencing data based on the presence of resistance determinants. Results: Overall, the incidence of iGAS disease in Canada was 5.56 cases per 100,000 population in 2021, decreasing from the peak of 8.6 cases per 100,000 population in 2018. A total of 2,630 iGAS isolates were collected during 2022, representing an increase from 2021 (n=2,179). In particular, there was a large increase in isolates collected from October to December 2022. The most predominant emm type overall in 2021 and 2022 was emm49, at 21.5% (n=468) and 16.9% (n=444), respectively, representing a significant increase in prevalence since 2018 (p<0.0001). The former most prevalent type, emm1, increased from 0.5% (n=10) in 2021 to 4.8% (n=125) in 2022; similarly, emm12 increased from 1.0% (n=22) in 2021 to 5.8% (n=151) in 2022. These two types together accounted for almost 25% of isolates collected in late 2022 (October to December). Antimicrobial resistance rates in 2021 and 2022 included: 14.9%/14.1% erythromycin resistance, 4.8%/3.0% clindamycin resistance, and <1% chloramphenicol resistance. Conclusion: The increase of iGAS isolates collected in Canada is an important public health concern. Continued surveillance of iGAS is critical to monitor expanding emm types and antimicrobial resistance patterns. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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17. Canadian Blood Services traceback investigation of a suspected case of transfusion‐transmitted malaria

Author

Tordon, Bryan, primary, Drews, Steven J., additional, Flahr, Francine, additional, Bennett, Kathleen, additional, Gaziano, Teresa, additional, Anderson, Danielle, additional, Nahirniak, Susan, additional, Gerges, Hanan, additional, Tyrrell, Gregory J., additional, Mah, Jordan, additional, Ndao, Momar, additional, Bigham, Mark, additional, and Seftel, Matthew, additional

Published
2023
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18. Serotype distribution of invasive Streptococcus pneumoniae in adults 65 years of age and over after the introduction of childhood 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccination programs in Canada, 2010–2016

Author

Demczuk, Walter H.B., Martin, Irene, Desai, Shalini, Griffith, Averil, Caron-Poulin, Laurence, Lefebvre, Brigitte, McGeer, Allison, Tyrrell, Gregory J., Zhanel, George G., Gubbay, Jonathan, Hoang, Linda, Levett, Paul N., Van Caeseele, Paul, Raafat Gad, Rita, Haldane, David, Zahariadis, George, German, Gregory, Daley Bernier, Jennifer, Strudwick, Lori, and Mulvey, Michael R.

Published
2018
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22. Concurrent infection with hepatitis C Virus and Streptococcus pneumoniae

Author

Marrie, Thomas J., Tyrrell, Gregory J., Majumdar, Sumit R., and Eurich, Dean T.

Subjects
Mortality -- Canada -- Alberta, Streptococcus pneumoniae -- Health aspects, Pneumonia -- Health aspects, Hepatitis C virus -- Health aspects, Health
Abstract

Hepatitis C virus (HCV) is a flavivirus that can cause a chronic hepatic infection in 75%-85% of persons initially infected (1). This virus is present worldwide, infects 130-175 million persons, [...]

Published
2017
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28. Polymorphisms in Regulator of Protease B (RopB) Alter Disease Phenotype and Strain Virulence of Serotype M3 Group A Streptococcus

Author

Olsen, Randall J., Laucirica, Daniel R., Watkins, M. Ebru, Feske, Marsha L., Garcia-Bustillos, Jesus R., Vu, Chau, Cantu, Concepcion, Shelburne, Samuel A., Fittipaldi, Nahuel, Kumaraswami, Muthiah, Shea, Patrick R., Flores, Anthony R., Beres, Stephen B., Lovgren, Maguerite, Tyrrell, Gregory J., Efstratiou, Androulla, Low, Donald E., Van Beneden, Chris A., and Musser, James M.

Published
2012
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38. Molecular Complexity of Successive Bacterial Epidemics Deconvoluted by Comparative Pathogenomics

Author

Beres, Stephen B., Carroll, Ronan K., Shea, Patrick R., Sitkiewicz, Izabela, Martinez-Gutierrez, Juan Carlos, Low, Donald E., McGeer, Allison, Willey, Barbara M., Green, Karen, Tyrrell, Gregory J., Goldman, Thomas D., Feldgarden, Michael, Birren, Bruce W., Fofanov, Yuriy, Boos, John, Wheaton, William D., Honisch, Christiane, Musser, James M., and Cantor, Charles R.

Published
2010
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42. Linear Regression Equations To Predict β-Lactam, Macrolide, Lincosamide, and Fluoroquinolone MICs from Molecular Antimicrobial Resistance Determinants in Streptococcus pneumoniae

Author

Demczuk, Walter, primary, Martin, Irene, additional, Griffith, Averil, additional, Lefebvre, Brigitte, additional, McGeer, Allison, additional, Tyrrell, Gregory J., additional, Zhanel, George G., additional, Kus, Julianne V., additional, Hoang, Linda, additional, Minion, Jessica, additional, Van Caeseele, Paul, additional, Gad, Rita Raafat, additional, Haldane, David, additional, Zahariadis, George, additional, Mead, Kristen, additional, Steven, Laura, additional, Strudwick, Lori, additional, and Mulvey, Michael R., additional

Published
2022
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47. Invasive bacterial diseases in northern Canada, 1999 to 2018

Author

Huang, Grace, primary, Martin, Irene, additional, Tsang, Raymond S, additional, Demczuk, Walter H, additional, Tyrrell, Gregory J, additional, Li, Y Anita, additional, Dickson, Catherine, additional, Reyes-Domingo, Francesca, additional, and Squires, Susan G, additional

Published
2021
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48. Knowledge Gaps in the Understanding of Antimicrobial Resistance in Canada

Author

McCubbin, Kayley D., primary, Anholt, R. Michele, additional, de Jong, Ellen, additional, Ida, Jennifer A., additional, Nóbrega, Diego B., additional, Kastelic, John P., additional, Conly, John M., additional, Götte, Matthias, additional, McAllister, Tim A., additional, Orsel, Karin, additional, Lewis, Ian, additional, Jackson, Leland, additional, Plastow, Graham, additional, Wieden, Hans-Joachim, additional, McCoy, Kathy, additional, Leslie, Myles, additional, Robinson, Joan L., additional, Hardcastle, Lorian, additional, Hollis, Aidan, additional, Ashbolt, Nicholas J., additional, Checkley, Sylvia, additional, Tyrrell, Gregory J., additional, Buret, André G., additional, Rennert-May, Elissa, additional, Goddard, Ellen, additional, Otto, Simon J. G., additional, and Barkema, Herman W., additional

Published
2021
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49. Antimicrobial Resistance (AMR) in COVID-19 Patients: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis (November 2019 - June 2021)

Author

Kariyawasam, Ruwandi M., primary, Julien, Danielle A., additional, Jelinski, Dana C., additional, Larose, Samantha L., additional, Rennert-May, Elissa, additional, Conly, John M., additional, Dingle, Tanis C., additional, Chen, Justin Z., additional, Tyrrell, Gregory J., additional, Ronksley, Paul E., additional, and Barkema, Herman W., additional

Published
2021
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