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Four suggested typologies from the literature for classifying program "types" provide a base for analyzing the problem of nomenclature in experiential education. A recommended typology of program types is presented, along with the positions supporting the types selected as well as those rejected. (Author/LBH)

Presents a beginning conceptualization of five distinct life-styles of single-parent families. Social workers can help such families anticipate and deal with the psychosocial risks and make maximum use of the unique opportunities of the life-style they adopt. (Author)

This paper provides an overview of the different patterns of behavior problems that teachers are likely to encounter in the classroom. Different systems for categorizing learning and behavioral problems are considered. Suggestions for informal observation of classroom behavior are included. (Author/BE)

Preharvest losses, which are often neglected, limit the availability of fresh tomato fruit to varying degrees in tomato‐based cropping systems in Cameroon. Increasing tomato yields requires identifying, understanding, and controlling the factors responsible for preharvest losses in the identified cropping systems. Field surveys were conducted in three production areas of western Cameroon (Foumbot, Bansoa, and Dschang) to characterize cropping systems and growers, quantify production losses, and identify causal factors associated with losses and proffer solutions. One hundred and ninety‐six growers were interviewed in 13 villages, using purposive sampling to select zones and simple random sampling to select growers. Factor analysis for mixed data (FAMD) and canonical discriminant analysis, combined with multinomial logistic regression, were used to analyze the collected data. The FAMD results indicated that 72% of the farm variability was expressed through technical route, preharvest losses, and technical mastery. The tomato‐based cropping systems were classified into three types: (1) a pure cultivation system that consumes excessive synthetic fertilizers and results in significant losses; (2) a pure cultivation system that consumes high amounts of synthetic fertilizers and moderate amounts of organic fertilizers with moderate losses; and (3) a cultivation system that involves moderate synthetic fertilizer consumption, extremely low organic amendment, and low losses. Preharvest losses can be significantly affected by the unregulated use of synthetic fertilizers. The study's implications are many, affecting agricultural practices, policy, economic stability, and food security in Cameroon. A more sustainable and productive tomato industry can be achieved by addressing preharvest losses through informed strategies. To address this issue, it is crucial to establish fertilization protocols that consider the soil's fertility status and the tomato's essential macro‐ and micronutrient requirements. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A foundational goal of linguistics has been to understand why languages look the way they do. A range of possible explanations exist – from domain-specific representations to cognition-external factors like history and grammaticalization – and all of these undoubtedly play some role. But determining exactly how these link with specific features of language remains challenging, and the role of domain-specific mechanisms has been particularly contentious. In this paper, I highlight a growing new approach, which uses artificial language experiments to link individual-level biases to cross-linguistic trends in language structure. Using word and morpheme order as case studies, I will show how a range of different paradigms and learner populations allow us to make progress on this crucial issue in linguistics. I will focus on typological trends in word and morpheme order. For some ordering trends, experimental evidence points to variation across populations, suggesting that the best explanation for these patterns likely has its root in language history and grammaticalization. In other cases, the evidence points to the role of universal but domain-general cognitive biases, like transparency and simplicity. These domain-general biases interact with linguistic representations in important ways. Taken together these studies help adjudicate between alternative explanations for a number of specific ordering patterns and suggest a new sense of domain-specificity in the evolution of language. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Currently, we are witnessing firms engaging in acquisitions to explore new business models. However, despite operating within similar industry sectors, integrating these business models can be challenging. Beyond the mere integration of operational aspects, this paper argues that business model integration should encompass two crucial dimensions: the integration of market architectural strategies and the assimilation of mindsets that drive market operations. The paper constructs a typology for business model integration, grounded in the integration of market architectural strategies, and mindsets and illustrates the types through international acquisition examples. The paper contributes to existing research by exploring integration within the context of business model acquisitions. The division into market architectural strategies and mindset advances past understanding of business models. The conceptualization of "value‐creation culture" extends the boundaries of past acquisition research and underscores the significance of mindsets associated with new business models. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

ABSTRACT Both classical and contemporary definitions of education emphasise the development of learners and the discovery of their potential. The period of systemic education at all stages is an opportunity to seek this potential both at school and outside it. These are the circumstances of the development of abilities, interests and passions. In the educational process and in the modern world, the most valued are people who are creative, entrepreneurial, open to new experiences and have a passion—since it provides energy, gives wings, is a source of a sense of freedom and meaning and helps maintain well‐being. This study aimed to explore passion profiles, considering their dimensions and categories, and the respondents' field of study and gender, in a sample of Polish university students (n = 2720). The online Self‐Report Passion Inventory (SRPI) was used. Cluster analysis identified three latent profiles, differentiated by the perceived benefits of passion, its origin and its balance with other life activities. In addition, we identified categories of passionate activities typical of each profile. Field of study and gender were represented in similar ways in the distinguished profiles, indicating the universal nature of passion. The qualitative analysis of the results revealed potential reasons for the difficulties respondents experienced while categorising passionate activities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

AbstractObjectivesMethodResultsConclusionsThe aims of this study were to identify a community typology in older Korean Americans and to examine how the typology is associated with feelings of loneliness and mental distress. We hypothesized that distinct community groups would be identified and that they would be differentially associated with mental health and background characteristics.Data were drawn from a survey with older Korean Americans aged 60 and older, collected during 2017−2018 in diverse locations (n = 2138). To identify a community typology, a series of latent profile analyses (LPA) were conducted using 15 community-related variables in three domains (neighbourhood characteristics, social cohesion, ethnic attachment).Based on model evaluation criteria, an LPA model with five community groups was identified as the best fit. The five groups were identified as “safe/integrated” (10%), “safe/distant” (10%), “moderate integration” (38%), “marginal” (31%), and “vulnerable” (11%). After examining descriptive characteristics of the identified groups, regression models of loneliness and mental distress were estimated. Using the safe/integrated group as reference, the marginal and vulnerable groups were consistently associated with elevated feelings of loneliness and mental distress.The results suggest the need to understand community profiles and their relationships with health/well-being among older immigrants. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Social exclusions in India are not solely a result of marginalised, personal identities. They are equally about the failure of the state to recognise those identities. With an expansion of welfare programs, the turf of exclusions is now actively shaped by the state. Drawing upon fieldwork in the drought-prone Marathwada region of Maharashtra (India), this paper outlines the pathways of how citizens fail to access government welfare schemes. The resulting typology of exclusions is a layered one, encompassing failures of state outreach, rejections of citizens’ claims, and inclusions in the schemes coinciding with exclusions from the benefits, fully or partially. Importantly, the exclusions are deeply gendered. During their lifetime, women end up going through multiple cycles of identity verification by the state; pre-marriage, post-marriage and once again, in widowhood or if the marriage were to fail. Ironically, even as the state extends its welfare resources to women through specific schemes, the underlying procedural requirements render women invisible. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The private healthcare sector has become an essential component of healthcare systems globally. This interest has increased with the universal health coverage agenda. However, in most low- and middle-income countries, few classificatory studies of the private hospital sector were carried out. Methods: This study describes the private hospital sector in a developing country setup and propose a typology that could facilitate the identification of its categories and the understanding of its organizational and strategic characteristics. Results: All private hospitals in Morocco as of December 31, 2021 including 397 facilities are included. Most hospitals are for-profit, poly-disciplinary, independent, commercial societies, have fewer than 30 beds or between 30 and 99 beds and are located in urban areas. Private hospitals have a median turnover of 9.8 million MAD and a median capital value of 2 million MAD. The clustering method identifies three main categories of private hospitals: for-profit hospitals with medium size and turnover, spread across the country but with a high concentration in large regions; not-for-profit hospitals, with medium to large size, high turnover, located in large regions and including university hospitals; and small for-profit hospitals with low turnover, independent ownership and wide distribution over the country. Three criteria have the most significant discriminatory power: ownership, size (beds, turnover) and mode of governance. Conclusions: Private hospitals in Morocco are organized into three types according to three similarity criteria including ownership, size and governance. These criteria might be used as the basis for a common typology of private hospitals in Morocco and possibly in other low- and middle-income countries with similar contexts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Mobility hubs (MHs), where various transport modes converge, are increasingly being implemented as a key policy strategy to promote sustainable travel behavior. The existing literature is rich with proposals for various types of MH and suitable siting locations for them. However, studies comparing the role of land use patterns on the performance of different types of MH are scarce. This study aims to fill this gap by analyzing transit patronage and active mode share as performance indicators of MHs. It compares the effects of land use patterns on the performance of different types of MH classified by the nature of transport integration (e.g., train-tram-bus, train-tram, and train-bus) in different contexts (e.g., city district and suburb) in the Greater Melbourne Area, Australia. Results show that MHs enhance the use of transit and active transport modes for commuting purposes by up to 279% and 17%, respectively, compared to a unimodal train station, with maximum usage observed in a train-tram-bus hub, followed by train-tram and train-bus hubs. However, the underlying land use patterns significantly affect their performance. Specifically, each additional hectare of commercial land within the catchment of a train-tram-bus MH in the city district, a train-tram-bus MH in a suburban area, a train-tram MH in a suburban area, and a train-bus MH in a suburban area increases transit patronage by 6%, 9%, 5%, and 4%, respectively. These findings suggest that MH typologies should be designed in tandem with supportive land uses to maximize sustainable travel behavior. The findings inform urban and transport planners in designing optimal land use patterns for different types of MH to maximize sustainable travel behavior. They also support the development of tailored land use zoning policies to enhance the effectiveness of MHs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The study identified a typology of pro-environmental behaviors in relation to demographic correlates and reasons for lack of engagement. A total of 647 Israelis completed the survey. Latent class analysis identified three subgroups based on the degree of engagement in pro-environmental behaviors. The least engaged subgroup tended not to worry about the changing climate and not to view pro-environmental behaviors as within its responsibility. In contrast to the more engaged groups, this group was the least likely to state that limited information or unclear knowledge about the changing climate prevented them from engaging in pro-environmental behaviors. The study points to different methods that should be used to increase engagement in pro-environmental behaviors based on already existing levels of engagement. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study focused on the climate adaptation of traditional dwellings in Southern Anhui to identify the architectural features that influence thermal comfort conditions and uncover the mechanisms behind climate adaptation from a typological perspective. To elucidate the relationship between architectural forms and bioclimatic strategies, this study categorizes climatically responsive solutions in traditional dwellings into three levels: built shape type, space gradients, and interface adaptation. This research was conducted through a field study in Southern Anhui, and the data were analyzed qualitatively and quantitatively and a simulation of the environmental performance was conducted. The research findings demonstrate that the architectural forms and construction logic prevalent in traditional dwellings in Southern Anhui are well suited to the local climate. There was an explicit mathematical and morphological correspondence between the three types of architectural forms and climatic comfort. Overall, the results of this study can contribute significantly to contemporary residential architecture in Southern Anhui by shedding light on the inherent value of bioclimatic strategies in traditional dwellings, thereby facilitating the critical transmission to modern architectural practices in the region. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Literature reveals that immigrant-serving nonprofits enact an array of strategies that contribute to local policy and other immigrant inclusion outcomes. Yet this empirical relationship has not been systemically and holistically examined across contexts. Drawing on 30 qualitative interviews with immigrant-serving nonprofit practitioners operating throughout various U.S. cities, I specified over 100 strategies that organizations employ to contribute to immigrants' rights, legal and cultural inclusion in society. To illustrate this relationship, I advanced a strategy typology highlighting the range and scale of strategies operating in the organizational field. Research, policy, and practice implications are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Defining what "industrial policy" is, and correspondingly defining and differentiating "industrial strategy" from this legacy term, is of analytic consequence to understanding what these concepts mean in the current public and business policy debates taking place in the world's developed and developing economies. Of import to these debates, however, is accurately understanding the role of industrial strategy and its symbiotic relevance to industrial policy. In this paper, the author develops a typology allowing the analyst to utilize five key components—governance approach, public research and development investment, public incentives, public disincentives, and industry/sectoral participation—to evaluate the proposed national approach (vertical or horizontal) to industrial strategy. To illustrate this industrial strategy typology, the author uses examples from the People's Republic of China (vertical) and the USA (horizontal). Recent legislation has moved the USA to a balanced approach of vertical and horizontal industrial strategies (incorporating both central planning and market-based approaches). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Crowdsourcing in science as collaborative online process through which non-professional and/or professional scientists incorporate a group of individuals of varying, diversity knowledge and skills, via an open call to the Internet and/or online platforms, to undertaking of a task in science, is an important strategy to support scientific research that has gained attention in academia and practitioners. While research efforts to date have focused on the benefits of crowdsourcing in science, its typology has yet to mature. Typologies are important in describing complex, multidisciplinary organisational forms such as crowdsourcing in science. The main purpose of this article is to identify and provide a typology of crowdsourcing in science. Based on the thematic analysis of publications collected in a systematic manner and focused group interviews, 12 types of crowdsourcing in science are identified. The proposed crowdsourcing in science typology matrix may be a starting point for future research and decision-making by practitioners regarding the choice of a specific type of crowdsourcing in science. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Phonotacticon is a cross-linguistic database that contains syllabic phonotactic information about spoken lects (linguistic varieties), including the possible forms of the onset, nucleus and coda of each lect, as well as the phonemic and tonemic inventories. In this paper, we present Phonotacticon 1.0, which contains the phonotactic profiles of 516 Eurasian lects retrieved from descriptive literature. The later versions of Phonotacticon will extend beyond Eurasia and will ultimately cover spoken lects in all macroareas. As an example of the research potential of this database in future studies, we have generated from Phonotacticon several descriptive visualizations, such as the distribution of the maximal onset length, to demonstrate the visually discernible areal distribution of certain phonotactic patterns. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We describe a prosodic pattern that is part of standard negation in five Alaskan Dene languages spoken along the Tanana River. In all of these varieties, this "negative high" differs from the tonal distinction originating from historical constriction. We argue that it originates as an emphatic form of negative verb suffixation that is still partially productive in Koyukon. In the other Tanana languages, the negative high occupies different places in the grammar. In Upper Tanana it is a floating tone which associates with the negative verb stem. In Lower Tanana it is a high tone associated with the negative suffix. In Tanacross and Middle Tanana, the negative high is best analyzed as an utterance-level intonational pattern. To our knowledge, this type of intonational source for tone has not been described for other language families. Our study also has implications for typological studies of standard negation and for language teaching. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Case markers and switch-reference markers in the Muskogean languages are often similar in form and can be difficult to distinguish. This paper surveys both phenomena in each branch of the family. It argues that cleft clauses in Proto-Muskogean appeared after noun phrases to indicate focus. These cleft clauses ended in same- and different-subject switch-reference markers. With time, the cleft clauses were reinterpreted as subject and nonsubject case markers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of the present study was to report on a pilot study using a personality-based classification of a community-based sample of 298 adolescent males with harmful sexual behaviours (AHSB) using the Millon Adolescent Clinical Inventory (MACI). Three personality-based profile types were identified using cluster analysis: Cluster 1. Detached, a detached and socially isolated type (n = 97); Cluster 2. Offending Supportive, an antisocial, offending-supportive type (n = 73); and Cluster 3. Typical Teen/Restricted, a type with few clinically elevated personality characteristics (n = 128). Further analyses indicated significant differences among the personality-based profiles on the MACI subscales that measured response styles, adolescents' concerns and clinical problems. Few statistically significant relationships between the profile types and AHSB, offence and victim characteristics were found. The clinical implications of these findings are discussed, and the need for further research on the use of personality-based classification is recommended. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article presents a comparative case study of the "Digital Nomad Visas" (DNVs) of Croatia, Thailand and Spain. Analysing common themes for these visas, the article identifies varying policy rationales that have guided their development, naming these the tourism, wealth accumulation and immigration rationales. The article then introduces a two-scale typology of DNVs centred around the dimensions of civic attachment and temporality. The findings illustrate the evolving nature of DNVs from ad hoc pandemic responses to strategic tools for socio-economic development and draw attention to the visas' role in the broader context of global mobilities and labour market transformations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Sustainable livestock management plays a crucial role in food production, climate change mitigation, and cultural preservation. Our study aimed to identify and analyse the diversity of social–ecological conditions that characterize extensive livestock systems in southern Patagonia. We integrated data collected from interviews and secondary sources and analysed data using hierarchical cluster analysis and non-metric multidimensional scaling to identify distinct ranching types. A qualitative analysis of key informant interviews identified key social–ecological changes for each type. The results emphasize the impact of administration, production, and biophysical factors on shaping different livestock ranching schemes. Further, we identified three significant social–ecological changes driving the dynamics of these systems, including shifts from (1) sheep to cattle ranching, (2) domestic to feral cattle ranching, and (3) landowners to tenant land managers. These findings have implications for policymakers seeking to develop strategies tailored to diverse realities, ensuring the sustainability of livestock systems in Tierra del Fuego. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Modern Science is the property of Alcide De Gasperi University of Euroregional Economy and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Objective: This study aims to identify the sociological dimensions and typology of emotional divorce in Tehran. Methods and Materials: The study employs a qualitative research approach with a phenomenological strategy. The statistical population includes couples aged between 25 to 40 years. Using purposive sampling, 21 participants were selected based on theoretical saturation. Data collection was conducted through semi-structured interviews. For data analysis, open coding and axial coding processes were used to extract relevant structures and indicators. The reliability of the coding process was ensured through re-coding and high levels of agreement. Findings: The research identified four main categories of emotional divorce, encompassing 14 initial codes and 55 semantic codes. The primary dimensions identified include compulsory living, lack of emotional behavior towards the spouse, emotional void, and changes in emotional relationships. Additionally, six types of emotional divorce were identified: lack of emotional support, communicative divorce, sexual divorce, reduced empathy, attentional divorce, and respect divorce. These types were derived from a detailed analysis of 82 semantic codes collected from the interview data. Conclusion: Emotional divorce is a complex and multifaceted phenomenon with profound and long-lasting effects on family and social relationships. The study underscores the importance of considering sociological factors in mitigating the negative impacts of emotional divorce. The findings suggest that appropriate training in communication and emotional management skills can significantly reduce the likelihood of emotional divorce. These insights are valuable for family counselors, psychologists, and policymakers in developing effective strategies and policies to enhance marital quality and prevent emotional divorce. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Previous research on aphasia has recognised the need for cross-linguistic studies and studies on bi/multilingual aphasia. However, a study by Beveridge and Bak revealed that papers published between 2000 and 2009 were restricted to a few languages, with a clear predominance of English. The aim of this study is to present a follow-up to that study with more recent literature from the next decade (2010–2019) and to compare it with the previous one. We analysed 307 articles published between 2010 and 2019 following a similar procedure to the one used by Beveridge and Bak. The results revealed that there still is a pronounced bias towards studies on English speakers (60.29%), that the distribution of language families is similar across the two decades, with the exception of the increment in non-Indo-European languages, and that there has been an increase in studies reporting bi/multilinguals' performance in more than one language. Still, the literature on aphasia between 2010 and 2019 seems not to reflect the reality of the world's languages. We discuss some possible explanations for these findings related to challenges for clinical practice as well as insights for future research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In response to escalating environmental concerns and the imperative for sustainable development, corporations have turned to eco‐innovation (EI) to enhance competitiveness and reduce ecological footprints. This study scrutinizes 17 European Commission EI‐awarded companies from 1990 to 2021, uncovering pivotal dimensions and archetypes that drive successful EI implementation. Internal drivers, including management commitment and agile work structures, are paramount for "Believers" who champion sustainability as a core value. "Sellers" strategically respond to market demands, while "Beneficiaries" follow regulatory mandates. The academic implications are profound, providing a robust foundation for future research. This typology contributes to the discourse surrounding EI development and diffusion while offering corporate managers tangible guidance for tailored EI strategies. It illuminates how distinct motives lead to nuanced combinations of internal and external drivers. This empirical study fills a critical research gap, providing best‐practice insights for companies seeking to integrate EI effectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of International Business Studies is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Background: Muslim Indonesian prospective biology teachers have different views on evolution theory. Muslim prospective biology teachers suspect that differences in their understanding of the theory of evolution stem from their religious beliefs. This study aims to investigate Muslim Indonesian prospective biology teachers' acceptance and typology of evolution theory. Methods: An explanatory sequential design was combined with mixed techniques. Out of 185 potential biology teachers, 153 (16 males and 137 females) completed the questionnaire during the quantitative phase. We interviewed 5 males and 28 females in the qualitative phase to determine the typology of engagement, and all participants filled out an open-ended questionnaire to complete the previous data. Results: The findings demonstrated the validity and reliability of the tools employed, as well as the high degree of acceptance of evolution among Muslim Indonesian aspiring biology teachers. The results also showed that there is a predominant typology of engagement reconciliation among Muslim Indonesian prospective biology teachers, with few explorers and resistors. Conclusions: Muslim Indonesian prospective biology teachers do not differ in their conceptual understanding of theory evolution from their religious beliefs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Diverse forest landscapes contribute to reaching various forest policy goals. Understanding how the diversity of forests in a landscape is distributed among forest properties and how it is related to biogeographical and ownership factors can be helpful for effective policy implementation. We created a forest characteristics-based typology of non-industrial private forest properties aiming to capture the between-property forest diversity in a municipality in southern Sweden, and studied how it was related to owner age and gender, landscape position, and storm damage. Using public data of forests and latent profile analysis, we detected five clusters of properties. Four clusters differed mainly by age structure and species composition. One of them was clearly marked by a high proportion of young mixed forest following severe storm damage >15 years prior. The fifth cluster was marked by a greater occurrence of nature conservation agreements and conservation value forests. Conifer-dominated properties were larger than broadleaf-dominated properties. Owner age only slightly differed between clusters, being higher for properties characterized by a prevalence of older coniferous or by noble broadleaved forests and nature conservation. Properties in the latter cluster were more often owned by women and located close to lakes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

I describe a typological gap in case and agreement alignment in ditransitive constructions. In languages in which verbal agreement is controlled by the subject and at most one object, object case and agreement in ditransitive constructions do not exhibit all logically possible combinations of alignment. I show that this typological gap follows from assumptions about the structure of ditransitive constructions (recipients c-command themes) and the interaction of morphological case and agreement (case marking restricts agreement). These assumptions derive exactly and only the attested patterns of alignment. I also argue that the typological gap in ditransitive constructions has a parallel in transitive constructions, providing further support for the proposals made here. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nature metaphors are used as important tools in expressing the inner worlds, emotional states and social events of the characters in the novel and many events in the novels. Knowing the typologies of nature metaphors used in a novel and determining their meaning fields can play a key role in analyzing the semantic universe of the text and concretizing the level of representation of events and facts in human thought. The current study focuses on the typological and semantic analysis of nature metaphors in Ahmet Altan's novel Hayat Hanım. In the study, the place of the concept of metaphor in the human thought system is discussed within the framework of Lakoff and Johnson's "conceptual metaphor theory". In the study, 18 original nature metaphors out of 44 nature metaphors detected in the novel were selected using the Monographic Sampling Method. The identified metaphors were analyzed in terms of typology and semantics. In the example of the novel Hayat Hanım, the role of nature metaphors in increasing the literary depth in literary texts and the functionality of these metaphors in the "special" communication that the author tries to establish with the reader were determined. It is thought that the findings of the study will contribute to the holistic interpretation of the metaphor map in Ahmet Altan's works. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article "The Evil Twin: Older Bronze Age Ceramic Typology of the Nordic Circle" examines the older Bronze Age ceramics of the Nordic Circle. The study uses a classical typology and multivariate statistical analysis to categorize the ceramics. Ten vessel categories are identified, which can be further divided into different types and variants. The study demonstrates how ceramic production evolved in terms of diversity of forms, variation in sizes, and expression throughout the Older Bronze Age. Connections are also made between this increasing complexity and the changes in burial customs around 1300 BC. Therefore, the study provides important insights into the older Bronze Age ceramics of the Nordic Circle. [Extracted from the article]

Science advice has received renewed attention for evidence-informed legislation. However, no work has evaluated current trends in the field. We did a systematic review for publications between 2014 and 2020 to develop a typology using the legislative scientific advice body as a unit of analysis. The typology includes 12 categories that provide insights into the contextual background, mandate, structure, and advice process of legislative advisory bodies. We noticed that most of the work focused on advisory units is in western and high-income countries. The bodies show a wide degree of advice practices and politicisation. There are open opportunities for research, such as doing further comparative analyzes. Lastly, we found that foresight and horizon scanning methodologies were increasingly implemented in legislatures for participatory advice and to set long-term priorities. The findings can shed light on advancing legislative scientific advice for researchers and practitioners alike. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The legitimacy of business schools is based on rankings, revenues, branding, and opportunities to support staff and students "to make a difference in the world". Yet sexism in business schools is endemic. Drawing on Acker's inequality regimes framework and a thematic analysis of reports in Poets&Quants, EFMD's Global Focus and AACSB International's BizEd/AACSB Insights over a decade, this study explores how business schools are dealing (or not) with sexism. We propose a typology of four categories of sexism in business schools: belligerent, benevolent, ambivalent, and oblivious sexism. Our findings contribute to understandings of institutional theory and the institutional development of business schools as important sites of (sexist and gendered) knowledge production and dissemination and entrenched inequalities. We posit that media constructions of sexism may better inform individual decisions, organizational development, and governance about the imperative to eliminate sexist behaviors and discrimination. We argue that business schools need to gain substantive legitimacy as effective role models by reforming themselves. They must actively tackle institutional and cultural sexism from within. Implications for practice include the effective inclusion of mandatory sexism reporting in international business school accreditation standards and rankings criteria as well as requirements for research funding. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Hate-motivated behavior (HMB) comprises a problem for public health and criminal justice systems. The present study contributes to current science of HMB by examining (1) potential typology replication and extension and (2) demographic and attitudinal correlates of HMB subtypes. The present study was a secondary analysis of an online survey study of discriminatory behavior and well-being. Participants were adults living in the United States (N = 289). Four HMB subtypes emerged: generalized, unmotivated, reactive, and defensive. The generalized subtype was characterized by elevated levels of prejudices, positive views toward hate groups, and the youngest age. The reactive subtype was differentiated from the defensive subtype by modestly higher HMB, racism, and positive views toward racially motivated hate groups. HMB subtypes were largely consistent with prior literature, and therefore can inform public health and criminal justice system responses to acts ranging from minor discrimination to interpersonal violence. Prevention and practice are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Stratum Plus Journal is the property of P.P. Stratum plus and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The aim: to develop a typology of the current management systems for health technology assessment (HTA) based on the identification of typological features in order to scientifically and practically substantiate a typological model that combines the most stable properties and can be implemented in a variety of modifications, taking into account the dynamic development of the health care system (HCS). Materials and methods. The study used scientific publications, official information from the websites of national or regional bodies/agencies, international organizations on HTA, reports, databases and official documents of the World Health Organization (WHO). The research used the following methods: the system analysis, content analysis, institutional analysis, structural-functional analysis, generalization, comparison, systematization, classification, synthesis, typology, and modeling. To conduct a typological analysis, 34 countries were selected in which the HTA has been implemented in the decision-making process for the use and financing of medical technologies (MTs). Research results. An institutional analysis of national HTA systems was conducted. The status of HTA in the national health care systems of the selected countries and, in particular, the role of HTA in the decision-making process regarding the use of certain MTs were studied. The author analyzes the institutional capacity of the HTA system (availability of a special authorized body, level of centralization/decentralization, financing, regulatory framework and human resources). The functionality and areas of activity of HTA bodies (organizations), the level of accountability, openness and interaction with various stakeholders are analyzed. The systematization and generalization of foreign experience made it possible to conduct a typological analysis by characteristic features). Four types of HTA management systems are identified (starting, centralized, decentralized, and balanced). Conclusions. The study identifies and analyzes the areas of activity of the bodies/organizations in most countries of the world that carry out HTA in terms of their mission, vision and functionality, as well as assesses the level of their openness and interaction with various stakeholders. The scientific generalization and systematization of modern approaches and models of HTA systems made it possible to typologize them on the basis of certain characteristic classification features [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Typology which is one of the dynamic branches of linguistics tries to compare languages and attain generalizations. This approach aims at comparing languages' structures and revealing systemic patterns of variations existing among them. Word order studies is one of the most important issues in language typology which includes some variations. The order of noun and relative clause is one of those which correlates with the main word order of languages. This study aims to look into relative clauses in Azerbaijani Turkish and compare them with that of Persian. For an efficient research, data has been collected from natural recurring sentences of spoken and written standard Turkish as well as a novel titled Shaman. Afterwards, the data has been judged by the speakers' language instinct. Then every relative clause has been examined carefully. This article which is descriptive-analytic is done within the typological framework based on the work of Comrie (1989) to answer the questions of "what strategies have been conducted to construct relative clauses and where the relativizer can sit". According to the findings of this research Turkish relative clauses benefit from gap strategy and this language lacks a relativizer like "ke" in Persian. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Shenzhen University Humanities & Social Sciences is the property of Journal of Shenzhen University (Humanities & Social Sciences) Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista de Derecho de la Seguridad Social, Laborum is the property of Ediciones Laborum S.L. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Freshwater invertebrates and zooplankton (FIZ) play a key role in freshwater ecosystems and in food webs, but there is little research on their life cycle, ecology, and conservation. Therefore, this study focused on FIZ' annual dynamics (abundance, diversity, and gross energy) in 30 ponds located in two wetlands: the Marais breton and Marais poitevin (Atlantic coast, France, Europe). These ponds had a FIZ abundance of 50,412 ind/m3 per site [range of 28,864–80,690] in a year. The study defined four typologies of ponds according to the environmental variables and the presence of some key FIZ taxa. The first group had a long flooding time, high silt content, and aquatic vegetation cover. The associated taxa were Chironomidae, Gammaridae and Atyidae. The second group of ponds had moderate slopes, high sand content in the sediment and a rich abundance of microcrustacea. The third group contained shallow ponds with soft slopes and a high aquatic vegetation cover (100%), which result in high FIZ diversity. Finally, the fourth group contained ponds with steep slopes, high silt content in the sediment, and Oligochaeta as the major taxon in this environment. Defining pond typologies based on environmental factors and FIZ is essential to adapting FIZ management and conservation measures implemented on ponds. In a context of global change, a reduction or even disappearance of FIZ communities would have a catastrophic impact on all faunal taxa dependent on FIZ as a food resource. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents a typology of tonal exponence. Couched within an Abstractive Word-and-Paradigm approach to morphology, the present study builds on previous studies on exponence typology and morphological organization by extending it to the study of tone. About half the languages of the world have tone systems, and tone is an important dimension in the morphologies of numerous languages. Tone is therefore a necessary part of a comprehensive typology of exponence. This paper shows that like segmental exponents, tonal exponents may be involved in a diversity of form-function mappings, but they also pose unique challenges due to their autosegmental nature. This study aims to advance our understanding of the role of tone in the organization of morphological systems by addressing deviations from form-function isomorphism, polyfunctionality, morphomic distributions, paradigmatic layers, and inflectional class organization. It is argued that the attested diversity of form-function mappings constitutes an empirical argument for a paradigm-based view of morphology, where the attested diversity is taken at face value and the range of encoding strategies are treated as equivalent, as opposed to choosing form-function isomorphism as the theoretical 'ideal'. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Even though resilience has received ample attention in recent literature, there is still a dearth of research when it comes to theorisation of supply chain resilience capabilities. Against this background, we aim to develop a framework for supply chain resilience capabilities based on proactive and reactive contexts. Apart from using ANOVA, we also perform a nuanced analysis using the response surface methodology. The analysis is done based on a survey dataset collected from 291 manufacturing firms. The results indicate that different combinations of proactive and reactive resilience capabilities can have a differential impact on the performance indicators. Although both proactive and reactive capabilities are essential for ultimate resilience strategies, supply chains might initially benefit more from reactive capabilities than proactive ones. The comprehensive framework proposed in our research addresses a vital gap in current supply chain resilience theorisation and could pave the way for further well-informed research on the evolving research domain. Moreover, this framework could serve as a powerful tool for supply chain managers to design and plan the development/improvement of resilience capabilities in collaboration with supply chain partners. They will be able to easily evaluate the current condition as well as targets for resilience capabilities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article studies, through interpretation and redrawing, one of Ungers’ least studied works, the project for the Neue Stadt in Cologne. In fact, it analyses two projects: the first, competition, more experimental and a second, the executive, of realisation. The first project, known for its application of the principle of solids and voids, matter and spaces, is more experimental and seminal; the second, completely different from the urban point of view, transforms fragmentation into compactness. The aim of the research is to place this work within a broader reflection on the residential cell, identifying how the com[1]positional principle of fullness and emptiness, of volume and space, already originates in some of Le Corbusier’s projects and is a widespread theme in the critical reconstruction of the residential house in post-war architecture. Through Jean Prouvé or Alison and Peter Smithson, but also Hejiduk or SANAA, a genealogy and inheritance is traced, which finds its full relevance in contemporary design. Indeed, the legacy is evident in more recent contemporary housing, as in the projects of the cooperatives in Zurich or Barcelona. All the topicality of the process of typological variation and transformation, in relation to morphology, seems in fact to be well gathered in the intermediate spaces, the potential of a collective and now, shared project.

This paper investigates the background and basis for O. Mathias Ungers’ exploration of the morphology of the city and its implications on the architectural project, beginning with seminal but unrealized proposals that resulted from typological and morphological studies, followed by a discussion of theoretical and academic investigations in Germany and in the U.S., and finally by the analysis of three executed proposals in Trier as the synthesis to these explorations.

Abstract Background The private healthcare sector has become an essential component of healthcare systems globally. This interest has increased with the universal health coverage agenda. However, in most low- and middle-income countries, few classificatory studies of the private hospital sector were carried out. Methods This study describes the private hospital sector in a developing country setup and propose a typology that could facilitate the identification of its categories and the understanding of its organizational and strategic characteristics. Results All private hospitals in Morocco as of December 31, 2021 including 397 facilities are included. Most hospitals are for-profit, poly-disciplinary, independent, commercial societies, have fewer than 30 beds or between 30 and 99 beds and are located in urban areas. Private hospitals have a median turnover of 9.8 million MAD and a median capital value of 2 million MAD. The clustering method identifies three main categories of private hospitals: for-profit hospitals with medium size and turnover, spread across the country but with a high concentration in large regions; not-for-profit hospitals, with medium to large size, high turnover, located in large regions and including university hospitals; and small for-profit hospitals with low turnover, independent ownership and wide distribution over the country. Three criteria have the most significant discriminatory power: ownership, size (beds, turnover) and mode of governance. Conclusions Private hospitals in Morocco are organized into three types according to three similarity criteria including ownership, size and governance. These criteria might be used as the basis for a common typology of private hospitals in Morocco and possibly in other low- and middle-income countries with similar contexts.

Abstract Background Muslim Indonesian prospective biology teachers have different views on evolution theory. Muslim prospective biology teachers suspect that differences in their understanding of the theory of evolution stem from their religious beliefs. This study aims to investigate Muslim Indonesian prospective biology teachers’ acceptance and typology of evolution theory. Methods An explanatory sequential design was combined with mixed techniques. Out of 185 potential biology teachers, 153 (16 males and 137 females) completed the questionnaire during the quantitative phase. We interviewed 5 males and 28 females in the qualitative phase to determine the typology of engagement, and all participants filled out an open-ended questionnaire to complete the previous data. Results The findings demonstrated the validity and reliability of the tools employed, as well as the high degree of acceptance of evolution among Muslim Indonesian aspiring biology teachers. The results also showed that there is a predominant typology of engagement reconciliation among Muslim Indonesian prospective biology teachers, with few explorers and resistors. Conclusions Muslim Indonesian prospective biology teachers do not differ in their conceptual understanding of theory evolution from their religious beliefs.