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Typha angustifolia, commonly known as narrowleaf cattail, is a marginal, semi-aquatic, herbaceous perennial species with both ecological and edible values. In this study, the complete chloroplast (cp) genome of T. angustifolia was assembled using the next-generation sequencing technology. The whole cp genome was 161,597 bp in length, consisting of a large single copy (LSC, 89,119 bp) and a small single copy (SSC, 18,550 bp) separated by two copies of inverted region (IR, 26,964 bp). The genome encoded 113 unique genes, including 79 protein-coding genes, 30 tRNA genes, four rRNA genes, with 19 duplicated genes in the IR regions. Phylogenetic analysis showed that T. angustifolia is sister to Typha orientalis in the family Typhaceae. The cp genome of T. angustifolia is reported for the first time, which will provide essential and important genetic resources for future phylogenetic investigation within the genus Typha.

Abstract Phytoremediation is a basic eco-friendly technique that uses to treat contaminated water and soil. The plants that remediate the water and soil by their absorption process and improve the water and sediment fertility or decrease the contamination. Form this experiment our finding suggest that the contamination decrease in majority from starting point to end point, it means plants plays the most important role in clean-up the environment and its cost-efficient method to improve the quality of water and soil. This study was carried out on Uben River which is around 50kms long and we covered around 41.88kms of area which divided into six locations. in soil minerals (Ca2+, Mg2+, Na+ and K+) from Up-stream to Down-stream the concentration of minerals is in decreasing order but in heavy metals (Cu2+, Zn2+, Fe2+ and Mn2+) the concentration data is varying. We selected plants that grow around riverbanks belongs to family Cyperaceae, Poaceae, Typhaceae. Most of the plants accumulate high Fe2+ concentrations in their root while in the shoots have low concentration observed from our data. For the statistical validation of data, we perform Grouped Component Analysis (GCA) and Radial Cluster Hierarchy (RCH) analysis. Further we included pollution indices: Contamination factor (CF), Degree of contamination (C d), Geo accumulation index (Igeo).

Typha angustifolia, commonly known as narrowleaf cattail, is a marginal, semi-aquatic, herbaceous perennial species with both ecological and edible values. In this study, the complete chloroplast (cp) genome of T. angustifolia was assembled using the next-generation sequencing technology. The whole cp genome was 161,597 bp in length, consisting of a large single copy (LSC, 89,119 bp) and a small single copy (SSC, 18,550 bp) separated by two copies of inverted region (IR, 26,964 bp). The genome encoded 113 unique genes, including 79 protein-coding genes, 30 tRNA genes, four rRNA genes, with 19 duplicated genes in the IR regions. Phylogenetic analysis showed that T. angustifolia is sister to Typha orientalis in the family Typhaceae. The cp genome of T. angustifolia is reported for the first time, which will provide essential and important genetic resources for future phylogenetic investigation within the genus Typha. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Phytoremediation is a basic eco-friendly technique that uses to treat contaminated water and soil. The plants that remediate the water and soil by their absorption process and improve the water and sediment fertility or decrease the contamination. Form this experiment our finding suggest that the contamination decrease in majority from starting point to end point, it means plants plays the most important role in clean-up the environment and its cost-efficient method to improve the quality of water and soil. This study was carried out on Uben River which is around 50kms long and we covered around 41.88kms of area which divided into six locations. in soil minerals (Ca2+, Mg2+, Na+ and K+) from Up-stream to Down-stream the concentration of minerals is in decreasing order but in heavy metals (Cu2+, Zn2+, Fe2+ and Mn2+) the concentration data is varying. We selected plants that grow around riverbanks belongs to family Cyperaceae, Poaceae, Typhaceae. Most of the plants accumulate high Fe2+ concentrations in their root while in the shoots have low concentration observed from our data. For the statistical validation of data, we perform Grouped Component Analysis (GCA) and Radial Cluster Hierarchy (RCH) analysis. Further we included pollution indices: Contamination factor (CF), Degree of contamination (Cd), Geo accumulation index (Igeo). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Typha is a semi-aquatic plant and an important member of wetlands around all over the world. This plant can be considered as a source of long leaf fibers. In this review, the works done in the last decade on the Typha leaf fiber extraction and its characteristics have been reviewed. Furthermore, the applications of the Typha fiber as a reinforcing material in the composite have been addressed. The Typha fiber properties are shown to be dependent on the extraction methods. The long cellulose fibers can be extracted from the Typha leaves using water retting and chemical treatments. The water-extracted Typha leaf fiber shows poor interlocking with the polymer matrix due to the high presence of waxy and non-cellulosic on the fiber surface. However, the alkali treatments of fibers could improve the composite properties. Typha fibers with low density (1.26 g/cm3), 47–67% cellulose content and 60–65% crystallinity, as well as 8.5–10% moisture regain and 25–40 cN/tex tensile strength, could be developed. In addition to these good properties, high thermal stability and low thermal conductivities (0.137 W/m. K) could lead to considering Typha fibers as a suitable alternative to expensive natural fibers and synthetic fibers in various polymer composites.

This study aims to investigate the feasibility of cellulose microfibers extraction from a wetland plant (Typha australis) and to assess its suitability as a source of bio-micro fibers for green composites. The method was based on an alkali sodium hydroxide pretreatment and subsequently an environmentally friendly hydrogen peroxide bleaching process for extracting microfiber. Alkali treatments resulted in fiber separation from leaves by partially removing the hemicellulose and lignin and an oxidative treatment significantly enhanced the effective defibrillation. The effectiveness of this method was confirmed by using Fourier Transform Infrared Spectrophotometer (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM), and Thermogravimetric Analysis (TGA). FTIR analysis showed the removal of non-cellulosic materials from the fibers in sequential alkali-bleaching treatments and changes in the absorption of cellulose functional groups. The cellulose content in the fiber increased from 43% to 75% after chemical treatment. XRD analysis showed the increase in the crystallinity of chemically treated fibers from 28% to 63% due to the removal of amorphous components as hemicellulose and lignin. The SEM images confirmed the defibrillation of the Typha fibers with a rigid structure and without degradation after the sequential alkali-bleaching treatments.

This study aims to investigate the feasibility of cellulose microfibers extraction from a wetland plant (Typha australis) and to assess its suitability as a source of bio-micro fibers for green composites. The method was based on an alkali sodium hydroxide pretreatment and subsequently an environmentally friendly hydrogen peroxide bleaching process for extracting microfiber. Alkali treatments resulted in fiber separation from leaves by partially removing the hemicellulose and lignin and an oxidative treatment significantly enhanced the effective defibrillation. The effectiveness of this method was confirmed by using Fourier Transform Infrared Spectrophotometer (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM), and Thermogravimetric Analysis (TGA). FTIR analysis showed the removal of non-cellulosic materials from the fibers in sequential alkali-bleaching treatments and changes in the absorption of cellulose functional groups. The cellulose content in the fiber increased from 43% to 75% after chemical treatment. XRD analysis showed the increase in the crystallinity of chemically treated fibers from 28% to 63% due to the removal of amorphous components as hemicellulose and lignin. The SEM images confirmed the defibrillation of the Typha fibers with a rigid structure and without degradation after the sequential alkali-bleaching treatments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Typha is a semi-aquatic plant and an important member of wetlands around all over the world. This plant can be considered as a source of long leaf fibers. In this review, the works done in the last decade on the Typha leaf fiber extraction and its characteristics have been reviewed. Furthermore, the applications of the Typha fiber as a reinforcing material in the composite have been addressed. The Typha fiber properties are shown to be dependent on the extraction methods. The long cellulose fibers can be extracted from the Typha leaves using water retting and chemical treatments. The water-extracted Typha leaf fiber shows poor interlocking with the polymer matrix due to the high presence of waxy and non-cellulosic on the fiber surface. However, the alkali treatments of fibers could improve the composite properties. Typha fibers with low density (1.26 g/cm3), 47–67% cellulose content and 60–65% crystallinity, as well as 8.5–10% moisture regain and 25–40 cN/tex tensile strength, could be developed. In addition to these good properties, high thermal stability and low thermal conductivities (0.137 W/m. K) could lead to considering Typha fibers as a suitable alternative to expensive natural fibers and synthetic fibers in various polymer composites. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The complete chloroplast (cp) genome of Sparganium angustifolium was sequenced and annotated in the present study. The circular genome is 161,720 bp in length and exhibits a typical quadripartite structure with a large single-copy (LSC, 88,981 bp) and small single-copy (SSC, 18,731 bp) regions, separated by a pair of inverted repeats (IRs, 27,004 bp). The cp genome contains 114 unique genes, including 80 protein-coding, 30 tRNA, and four rRNA genes. The phylogenetic analysis of Typhaceae strongly supported the monophyly of Sparganium and resolved two clades that represented newly revised two subgenera. S. angustifolia has the closest relationship with S. emersum in the present sampling extent.

Salinization is an emerging threat in freshwater wetlands, with few techniques available to mitigate anthropogenic inputs such as road salts. Phytoremediation and biochar addition have each been proposed to remediate salt-affected soils generally, but interactive effects in wetland environments to improve soil conditions adjacent to roadways are not well understood. We conducted an 88-day fully factorial greenhouse experiment to quantify the effects of three plant treatments (unvegetated, Typha × glauca and Phragmites australis) and three biochar rates (0.0, 2.5, 5.0 % wt/wt) on the soil and leachate of a simulated wetland system. Both plant species significantly reduced soil Cl - content relative to unvegetated controls, while Typha also significantly reduced Cl - content of leachate and soil Na + . The difference in effects was likely due to different salt tolerance strategies: the salt-accumulating Typha contained a significantly higher volume of Na + , Cl - , and water in its tissue than Phragmites, whose greater K + :Na + ratio and similar soil Na + to controls indicated a salt exclusion strategy. Biochar did not influence the growth of either species but moderately increased tissue Na + concentration in Typha. Furthermore, biochar's effects on soil and leachate salt levels varied by application rate with the medium rate moderately increasing soil Na + and Cl - and leachate Cl - , while the highest application did not differ from controls across all metrics. Our results suggest that phytoremediation can be optimized with salt-accumulating species, whose mechanisms of salt tolerance involve the accumulation of salt ions from the surrounding environment. The consistent flooding in our study may have inhibited the influence of biochar. We recommend future studies parse the effects of water levels and redox potential on biochar's ability to influence wetland salinity. Data repository: doi.org/10.17605/OSF.IO/9QFZ7., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare the following financial interests/personal relationships which may be considered as potential competing interests: Shane Lishawa reports financial support was provided by Illinois Tollway. Samuel Schurkamp reports financial support was provided by Illinois Lakes Management Association. Samuel Schurkamp reports financial support was provided by Illinois Water Environment Association. If there are other authors, they declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2024 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)

Partially Saturated Vertical Constructed Wetlands (PSV-CWs) are novel wastewater treatment systems that work through aerobic and anaerobic conditions that favor the removal of pollutants found in high concentrations, such as rivers contaminated with domestic wastewater and landfill leachate. The objective of the study was to evaluate the efficiency of PSV-CWs using monocultures and polycultures of Typha latifolia and Heliconia psittacorum to treat river waters contaminated with leachates from open dumps and domestic wastewater. Six experimental units of PSV-CWs were used; two were planted with Typha latifolia monoculture, two with Heliconia psittacorum monoculture and two with polycultures of both plants. The results indicated better organic matter and nitrogen removal efficiencies ( p  < 0.05) in systems with polycultures (TSS:95%, BOD 5 :83%, COD:89%, TN:82% and NH 4+ :99%). In general, the whole system showed high average removal efficiencies (TSS:93%, BOD 5 :79%, COD:85%, TN:79%, NH 4+ :98% and TP:85%). Regarding vegetation, both species developed better in units with monocultures, being Typha latifolia the one that reached a more remarkable development. However, both species showed high resistance to the contaminated environment. These results showed higher removals than those reported in the literature with conventional Free Flow Vertical Constructed Wetlands (FFV-CWs), so PSV-CWs could be a suitable option to treat this type of effluent.

Phytoseiid predatory mites are one of the most important groups of biocontrol agents, commonly used in biological control. The ability to produce these predatory mites economically, at high density on cheap factitious food sources, is a major contributor to their success. Astigmatid mites are the most widely used factitious food for this purpose. In this study, we investigated the potential application of the leaf-dwelling astigmatid mite Czenspinskia transversostriata (Oudemans) (Acari: Winterschmidtiidae) as a prey mite in biological control. We tested whether C. transversostriata is a suitable food source for the predatory mite Amblyseius swirskii Athias-Henriot (Acari: Phytoseiidae), both in the laboratory and on cucumber plants. Based on a reproduction trial, C. transversostriata proved to be an equally good food source compared to both pollen of Typha angustifolia L. (Poales: Typhaceae) and a frequently used prey mite Carpoglyphus lactis L. (Acari: Carpoglyphidae). In a pre-establishment trial on cucumber plants, populations of A. swirskii reached equally high densities when supplemented with C. transversostriata, compared to C. lactis. Lastly, we show that C. transversostriata is capable of feeding and reproducing on powdery mildew growing on cucumber plants, thereby slowing down the development of the pathogenic fungus. Results derived from this study show that C. transversostriata may have multiple potential applications in biological control programs., (© 2024. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature Switzerland AG.)

The aquaculture industry is among the fastest growing food production sectors in the world. Land-based aquaculture systems continue to increase in popularity as they offer the benefits of controlling diseases, managing water quality, and minimizing threats to wild populations of fish. However, these systems discharge wastewater high in N and P. The ability of cattail (Typha spp.) constructed wetlands (CWs) to remove N and P from aquaculture wastewater (AWW) was examined here. Cattail CWs were established in mesocosms and had a gradient of AWW applied weekly for a total of 5 weeks. Total N and P loadings ranged from 13.7 to 209.2 mg m -2 and 3.01 to 45.97 mg m -2 over 28 days, respectively. Additions of AWW did not cause elevations in total dissolved N, total ammonia N, or nitrite N in CW water; however, concentrations of nitrate N and P in CW water were related to nutrient loading conditions. Elevations in P persisted for 3-4 weeks among high nutrient loading treatments, providing an opportunity for eutrophic conditions to develop in CW systems. However, after 33 days of treatment, >95% total P concentration reduction was achieved in all mesocosms with final concentrations <0.05 mg L -1 , equivalent to reference conditions. High-loading treatments achieved greater P load reduction (856.8-955.0 mg m -2  year -1 ) than low-loading and reference treatments (591.7-792.7 mg m -2  year -1 ). This study demonstrates the effectiveness of cattail CWs to remove nutrients during AWW treatment and highlights the potential for end-of-season use in northern climates, providing insights regarding the operational timeline of such systems., (© 2024 The Author(s). Journal of Environmental Quality published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of American Society of Agronomy, Crop Science Society of America, and Soil Science Society of America.)

Sustainable removal of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) from landfill leachate remains a pressing global challenge. To develop an effective PFAS removal technology that utilizes nature-based solutions, we considered a planting unit comprised of a microbial carrier (foamed glass) and Typha domingensis. This study evaluated the possibility of removing PFAS from landfill leachate using a planting unit through a pot experiment. The planting unit effectively removed various short- and long-chain PFAS from the landfill leachate, including perfluorocarboxylic acids (PFCAs [C4-C10]), perfluorosulfonic acids (PFSAs [C4, C6, and C8]), fluorotelomer carboxylic acids (FTCAs [5:3 and 7:3]), and 6:2 fluorotelomer sulfonic acid (FTS), with initial concentrations of 43-9100 ng L -1 , achieving a removal efficiency of 53-83% in 21 d. Mass balance analysis indicated that the contribution of accumulation on foamed glass and plant adsorption and uptake played no major role in the removal of PFCAs (C4-C9), PFSAs (C4), and FTCAs (5:3 and 7:3), and that other removal processes played a key role. Although not the most effective removal process, the contribution of accumulation on foamed glass tended to be more notable in the removal of longer-chain PFCAs. In addition, plant adsorption and uptake showed that longer-chain PFCAs were more likely to remain in roots, whereas shorter-chain PFCAs were more likely to be transferred to aboveground plant part. On the other hand, 6:2 FTS removal occurred primarily due to accumulation on foamed glass. These results suggest that differences in the physicochemical properties of PFAS affect removal mechanisms. This study provides valuable insights into development of environmentally friendly technologies capable of removing a variety of short- and long-chain PFAS., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare the following financial interests/personal relationships which may be considered as potential competing interests: Yuka Ogata, Hidenori Matsukami, Hiroyuki Ishimori has patent ペル及びポリフルオロアルキル化合物の除去方法 (in Japanease) pending to National Institute for Environmental Studies. If there are other authors, they declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2024 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)

Cattails (Typha species) comprise a genus of emergent wetland plants with a global distribution. Typha latifolia and Typha angustifolia are two of the most widespread species, and in areas of sympatry can interbreed to produce the hybrid Typha ) glauca. In some regions, the relatively high fitness of Typha ) glauca allows it to outcompete and displace both parent species, while simultaneously reducing plant and invertebrate biodiversity, and modifying nutrient and water cycling. We generated a high-quality whole-genome assembly of T. latifolia using PacBio long-read and high coverage Illumina sequences that will facilitate evolutionary and ecological studies in this hybrid zone. Genome size was 287Mb and consisted of 1158 scaffolds, with an N50 of 8.71Mb; 43.84% of the genome were identified as repetitive elements. The assembly has a BUSCO score of 96.03%, and 27,432 genes and 2700 RNA sequences were putatively identified. Comparative analysis detected over 9000 shared orthologs with related taxa and phylogenomic analysis supporting T. latifolia as a divergent lineage within Poales. This high-quality scaffold-level reference genome will provide a useful resource for future population genomic analyses and improve our understanding of Typha hybrid dynamics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Typha angustifolia , commonly known as narrowleaf cattail, is a marginal, semi-aquatic, herbaceous perennial species with both ecological and edible values. In this study, the complete chloroplast (cp) genome of T. angustifolia was assembled using the next-generation sequencing technology. The whole cp genome was 161,597 bp in length, consisting of a large single copy (LSC, 89,119 bp) and a small single copy (SSC, 18,550 bp) separated by two copies of inverted region (IR, 26,964 bp). The genome encoded 113 unique genes, including 79 protein-coding genes, 30 tRNA genes, four rRNA genes, with 19 duplicated genes in the IR regions. Phylogenetic analysis showed that T. angustifolia is sister to Typha orientalis in the family Typhaceae. The cp genome of T. angustifolia is reported for the first time, which will provide essential and important genetic resources for future phylogenetic investigation within the genus Typha ., Competing Interests: No potential conflict of interest was reported by the author(s)., (© 2024 The Author(s). Published by Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group.)

Background: Biological control with predatory mites is applied against pests in greenhouse crops. Chemical control with the use of selective, reduced-risk pesticides, is an important component of Integrated Pest Management (IPM) programs, that often needs to be combined with biological control. Here, we evaluated the effect of plant pollen when used as supplementary food on the survival, reproduction and predation of the predatory mite Amblydromalus limonicus (Acari: Phytoseiidae) after exposing young larvae and adults to flonicamid, an insecticide of moderate toxicity to phytoseiids. Pollen is an important alternative food for generalist phytoseiids ensuring survival and supporting populations build-up during periods of prey scarcity. Two regimes of cattail (Typha angustifolia L.) pollen differing in application frequency were used. In the first, the total amount of pollen was supplied once, within 30 min after insecticide application, whereas in the second regime, the same amount of pollen was supplied gradually, i.e., every 48 h., Results: Regardless of the frequency of application, pollen provisioning results in a reduction in prey (thrips) consumption relative to the control (no pollen provisioning). Nevertheless, when adult mites were directly exposed to flonicamid residues, pollen provisioning attenuated the reduction in prey consumption as compared to the control. In addition, the gradual (every 48 h) provisioning of pollen to adult predators exposed to flonicamid residues impacted positively the intrinsic rate of population increase (r m ) of A. limonicus as compared to when feeding on prey., Conclusion: Our results reveal an unexpected role of pollen provisioning in alleviating pesticides side-effects on phytoseiids. © 2024 The Authors. Pest Management Science published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry., (© 2024 The Authors. Pest Management Science published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.)

The present study of phytomitigation potential and adaptive physiological and biochemical responses of helophyte Typha latifolia L. growing in water bodies at different distances from the century-old copper smelter (JSC "Karabashmed" Chelyabinsk Region, Russia) was conducted for the first time. This enterprise is one of the most dominant sources of multi-metal contamination for water and land ecosystems. The aim of the research was to assess the heavy metal (Cu, Ni, Zn, Pb, Cd, Mn, and Fe) accumulation, the photosynthetic pigment complex, and some redox reactions in T. latifolia from six differently technogenic impacted sites. In addition, the quantity of mesophilic aerobic and facultative anaerobic microorganisms (QMAFAnM) in rhizosphere sediments, as well as some plant growth-promoting (PGP) attributes of 50 isolates from each site, were determined. The water and sediment metal concentrations in highly contaminated sites exceeded the permissible/critical limits and were found much higher than that previously reported by other researchers while studying this helophyte. Both the degree of contamination and geoaccumulation indexes further elucidated extremely high contamination due to prolonged activity of copper smelter. T. latifolia accumulated significantly higher concentrations of the most of studied metals in its roost and rhizome with meager transfer to leaves (the translocation factors were less than one). Spearman's rank correlation coefficient showed a strong positive correlation between the metal concentration in sediments and its content in T. latifolia leaves (r s  = 0.786 at p < 0.001 on average) and roots/rhizome (r s  = 0.847 at p < 0.001 on average). In highly contaminated sites, the folia content of chlorophyll a and carotenoids decreased (by 30 and 38%, respectively), while lipid peroxidation enhanced (by 42%) on average compared to S1-S3 sites. These responses were accompanied by increasing non-enzymatic antioxidant content (soluble phenolic compounds, free proline, and soluble thiols) that allow plants to resist under significant anthropogenic loads. QMAFAnM in the five studied rhizosphere substrates varied insignificantly (2.5 × 10 6  - 3.8 × 10 7  cfu g -1 DW) and was decreased only in the most contaminated site (4.5 × 10 5 ). The proportion of rhizobacteria capable of fixing atmospheric nitrogen decreased by 1.7 times, solubilizing phosphates by 1.5 times, and synthesizing indol-3-acetic acid by 1.4 times in highly contaminated sites, while the amount of siderophore, 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate deaminase, and HCN producing bacteria did not considerably change. The results indicate high resistance of T. latifolia to prolonged technogenic impact, probably due to compensatory adaptive changes in the nonenzymatic antioxidant level and presence of beneficial microorganisms. Thus, T. latifolia was found to be a promising metal-tolerant helophyte that could help in mitigation of metal toxicity due to their phytostabilization even in heavily contaminated environment., (© 2023. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature.)

The complete chloroplast (cp) genome of Sparganium angustifolium was sequenced and annotated in the present study. The circular genome is 161,720 bp in length and exhibits a typical quadripartite structure with a large single-copy (LSC, 88,981 bp) and small single-copy (SSC, 18,731 bp) regions, separated by a pair of inverted repeats (IRs, 27,004 bp). The cp genome contains 114 unique genes, including 80 protein-coding, 30 tRNA, and four rRNA genes. The phylogenetic analysis of Typhaceae strongly supported the monophyly of Sparganium and resolved two clades that represented newly revised two subgenera. S. angustifolia has the closest relationship with S. emersum in the present sampling extent. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The complete chloroplast genome of Sparganium glomeratum was sequenced and assembled in this study. The circular genome is 160,391 bp in length and exhibits a typical quadripartite structure with a large single-copy (LSC, 87,660 bp) and small single-copy (SSC, 18,721 bp) regions, separated by a pair of inverted repeats (IRs, 27,005 bp). The cp genome contains 113 unique genes, including 79 protein-coding, 30 tRNA, and four rRNA genes. The phylogenetic analysis within the Poales showed that Sparganium is monophyletic and most closely related to Typha. Within Sparganium, S. glomeratum is sister to the clade of S. stoloniferum and S. euricarpum. The work reported here will provide useful information for the evolutionary studies on the genus of Sparganium.

Sparganium stoloniferum subsp. choui is an aquatic perennial herb distributed in Northeast China. It was published as a new species in 1992 and recognized as a subspecies of S. stoloniferum in Flora of China in 2010. The complete chloroplast genome of S. stoloniferum subsp. choui was sequenced and assembled. The genome size was 161,865 bp in length with 36.8% GC content. Its quadripartite structure consisted of the large single copy (LSC, 88,953 bp) and small single copy (SSC, 19,098 bp) regions, separated by a pair of inverted repeats (IRs) of 26,907 bp. The genome contained 114 distinct genes, including 80 protein-coding genes, 30 tRNA genes, and four rRNA genes. The phylogenetic analysis including four Sparganium species showed that two subspecies of S. stoloniferum were not monophyletic, supporting the resurrection of S. choui as a species.

Geotextiles made from plant fibers creates a suitable environment for plant growth as part of soil bioengineering techniques. The faster decomposition of plant fiber geotextiles compared to synthetic ones demands the use of composites that enhance their waterproofing and extend their durability in the environment. The objective of this work was to evaluate the resistance of a geotextile made with Thypha domingensis to degradation caused by climatic variables. Tensile strength tests were conducted in the laboratory in order to evaluate the degradation of geotextiles treated with single and double layers of waterproofing resin. Based on Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) images, it was verified that applying double layer of waterproofing resin delays the fibers degradation up to 120 days of exposure to the effects of climatic variables other than temperature. The maximum resistance losses due to the geotextile's exposure to degradation were statistically significant for all three treatments: control-without waterproofing resin, with one layer resin, and with two layers resin. Therefore, waterproofing resin, provides a long-term protective solution for geotextiles made from cattail fibers., (© 2024. The Author(s).)

Considering the persistent and covert nature of heavy metal soil contamination, the sustainable development of ecological environments and food safety is at significant risk. Our study focuses on remediating soils contaminated with chromium (Cr); we introduce an advanced remediation material, iron oxide phosphoric acid-loaded activated biochar (HFBC), synthesized through pyrolysis. This HFBC displays greater microporosity, fewer impurities, and enhanced efficiency for the remediation process. Our research utilized a comprehensive set of analytical techniques, including Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), and X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS), alongside adsorption studies to elucidate the Cr removal mechanism. The effectiveness of HFBC in remediation was influenced by several factors: the pH level, dosage of HFBC, the initial concentration of Cr, and the ambient temperature. Our results indicated an optimal chromium (VI) adsorption capacity of 55.5 mg/g by HFBC at a pH of 6.0 and a temperature of 25 °C, with the process adhering to the pseudo-second-order kinetic model and the Langmuir adsorption isotherm, thus suggesting spontaneity in the uptake method. Moreover, this mechanism encompasses both adsorption and reduction reactions. Using HFBC in pot experiments with cabbage indicated not only an increase in soil pH and cation exchange capacity (CEC), but also a surge in bacterial community abundance. Significant reductions in bioavailable chromium were also recorded. Interestingly, HFBC addition bolstered the growth of cabbage, while concurrently diminishing chromium accumulation within the plant, particularly notable as the HFBC application rate increased. In summation, the HFBC produced in our study has demonstrated convincing efficacy in removing chromium from aqueous solutions and soil. Moreover, the positive agronomic implications of its use, such as enhanced plant growth and reduced heavy metal uptake by plants, indicate its high potential for operational value in the domain of environmental remediation of heavy metals., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2024 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)

Sparganium fallax is an aquatic perennial herb distributed in eastern Asia. The complete chloroplast genome of S. fallax was sequenced and assembled. The genome size was 161,838 bp in length with 36.8% GC content. Its quadripartite structure consisted of the large single copy (LSC, 89,042 bp) and small single copy (SSC, 18,774bp) regions, separated by a pair of inverted repeats (IRS) of 27,011bp. The genome contained 114 genes, including 80 protein-coding genes, 30 tRNA genes, and four rRNA genes. The phylogenetic analysis within order Poales including three Sparganium species showed that Sparganium is monophyletic and most closely related to Typha.

The δ¹⁸O and δD composition of water pools (leaf, root, standing water and soil water) and fluxes [transpiration (T), evaporation (E)] were used to understand ecohydrological processes in a managed Typha latifolia L. freshwater marsh. We observed isotopic steady-state T and deep rooting in Typha. The isotopic mass balance of marsh standing water showed that E accounted for 3% of the total water loss, T accounted for 17% and subsurface drainage (D) accounted for the majority (80%). There was a vertical gradient in water vapour content and isotopic composition within and above the canopy sufficient for constructing an isotopic mass balance of water vapour during some sampling periods. During these periods, the proportion of T in evapotranspiration (T/ET) was between 56 ± 17% and 96 ± 67%, and the estimated error was relatively high (>37%) because of non-local, background sources in vapour. Independent estimates of T/ET using eddy covariance measurements yielded similar mean values during the Typha growing season. The various T/ET estimates agreed that T was the dominant source of marsh vapour loss in the growing season. The isotopic mass balance of water vapour yielded reasonable results, but the mass balance of standing water provided more definitive estimates of water losses.

A proton exchange membrane increases the electrical performance of a microbial fuel cell (MFC). New inexpensive materials should be sought, especially in a constructed wetland microbial fuel cell (CW-MFC). Here, in a laboratory-scale system of five CW-MFCs, wet clay, wet earth or mud, and non-woven cloth were used as inexpensive separators with long-term stability. The five CW-MFCs were planted with Typha latifolia , fed with synthetic wastewater, and packed with natural porous material. Graphite felt was used as electrodes and the experimental system had a hydraulic residence time of 3 days, operating under shade and natural conditions of temperature and light. Electrodes were connected to current collectors (copper wire) and to an external resistance, with a change every 20 days, starting in open-circuit and following with 20000, 18000, 15000, 10000, 5600, 1000, 560, and 10 Ω. These laboratory-scale CW-MFCs reduced concentrations of nitrates, ammonium ion, and sulfates without inhibiting electricity production. Microbiological analyses indicated that anaerobic, facultative, aerobic, and denitrifying bacteria may have caused these reductions. The reactor with the live plant and with the wet earth or mud separator achieved the highest production of electricity (22.6 mW/m 2 ), and may be worth further attention.

Hydrogen peroxide combined with acid treatment demonstrates its respective characteristics for the separation of lignocellulosic biomass. Herein, holocellulose was extracted from Cattail leaves (CL) by a two-step treatment with alkali and hydrogen peroxide-acetic acid (HPAA). Then carboxylated nanocellulose was hydrolyzed with a mixed organic/inorganic acid. The chemical composition of the holocellulose and the physicochemical properties of the separated carboxylated nanocellulose were comparable. Carboxyl groups were introduced on the nanocellulose as a result of the esterification process with citric acid (CA), which endows the nanocellulose with high thermal stability (315-318 °C) and good light transmission (>80 %). Furthermore, morphological analyses revealed that nanocellulose had a spider-web-like structure with diameter between 5 and 20 nm., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest We declare that we have no financial and personal relationships with other people or organizations that can inappropriately influence our work, there is no professional or other personal interest of any nature or kind in any product, service and/or company that could be construed as influencing the position presented in, or the review of the manuscript entitled., (Copyright © 2023 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)

Sparganium stoloniferum is a perennial aquatic or marsh herb. In this study, we assembled and characterized the complete chloroplast (cp) genome of S. stoloniferum for the first time. The circular genome is 161,759 bp in length and exhibits a typical quadripartite structure of the large single-copy (LSC, 88,957 bp) and small single-copy (SSC, 19,030 bp) regions, separated by a pair of inverted repeats (IRs, 26,886 bp). It contains 113 unique genes, including 79 protein-coding genes, 30 tRNA, and four rRNA genes. The phylogenetic analysis within order Poales demonstrated that Sparganium is sister to Typha, supporting inclusion of Sparganium and Typha in the single Typhaceae.

The complete chloroplast genome sequence of Sparganium eurycarpum subsp. coreanum was determined. The genome size was 161,761 bp in length with 36.9% GC content. It included a pair of inverted repeats (IRa and IRb) of 26,886 bp, which were separated by small single copy (SSC: 19,029 bp) and large single copy (LSC: 88,960 bp) regions. The cp genome contained 112 genes, including 79 protein-coding genes, 29 tRNA genes, and 4 rRNA genes. Phylogenetic analysis of the combined 79 protein-coding genes showed that S. eurycarpum subsp. coreanum was most closely related to Typha latifolia.

According to existing literature, there are no conclusive results on the impact of stirring on hydrothermal carbonization (HTC); some studies report a significant impact on the product's properties, while others indicate no influence. This study investigates the influence of stirring rate on several responses and properties of HTC products, including solid mass yield, solid carbon fraction, surface area, surface functional groups, morphology, and the fate of inorganic elements during HTC. Waste biomass was introduced as a feedstock to a 2 L HTC reactor, where the effects of temperature (180-250 °C), residence time (4-12 h), biomass to water (B/W) ratio (1-10%), and stirring rate (0-130 rpm) were investigated. The findings of this study conclusively indicated that the stirring rate does not influence any of the studied responses or properties of hydrochar under the selected experimental conditions used in this study. Nevertheless, the results indicated that a low-stirring rate (5 RPM) is enough to slightly enhanced the heating-up phase of the HTC reactor. For future research, it is recommended to examine the impact of stirring rate on the HTC of other types of biomass using the methodology developed in this study., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2023 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)

This study which was carried out between July 2019 and April 2020 aimed to determine the seasonal changes of heavy metals (Cd, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn, Mo, Ni, Pb, Se, and Zn) in plant organs of Phragmites australis and Typha angustifolia grown in Eğirdir Lake and to research the usability of the these plants for phytoremediation with the calculation of bioaccumulation factor (BF). Plant samples were brought to the laboratory, and then washed, cleaned with distilled water, dried in an oven at 70 °C and acidified with 10 ml HNO 3 . The samples were heated at 120 °C on a hot plate until completely mineralized. After mineralization, heavy metal concentrations were determined by using ICP-AES (Vista model). Only Mo was the highest in leaf, while other metals were highest in root in P. australis. In T. angustifolia, Mn and Mo were highest in the leaf, the accumulation of other metals was observed to be higher in the plant's roots than the other organs. It was discovered that the metal concentrations in root, in stem, and in leaf for both macrophytes generally increased in summer and decreased in root in autumn and winter and in stem and in leaf in spring for P. australis and in all organs in spring for T. angustifolia. Bioaccumulation factor (BF) values were calculated to determine the phytoremediation potential of P. australis and T. angustifolia. Both macrophytes are not excluder for all metals. Plants revealed potential for phytoremediation for the removal of heavy metals especially Mo and Zn. As a result of our study, it was determined that both macrophytes had accumulation abilities especially for Mo and Zn. It should be taken into consideration that these macrophytes can be used for improving the current situation of Eğirdir Lake due to their advantages such as being economical and not causing any harm to the environment., (© 2023. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature.)

The presence of toxic cadmium ions in the wastewater resulted from industrial sector forms the critical issue for public health and ecosystem. This study determines the ability of four vertical subsurface flow constructed wetlands units in the treatment of simulated wastewater laden with cadmium ions. This was achieved through using sewage sludge byproduct as alternative for the traditional sand to be substrate for aforementioned units in order to satisfy the sustainable concepts; however, Canna indica and Typha domingensis can apply to enhance the cadmium removal. The performance of constructed wetlands has been evaluated through monitoring of the pH, dissolved oxygen (DO), temperature, and concentrations of cadmium (Cd) in the effluents for retention time (0.5-120 h) and metal concentration (5-40 mg/L). The results demonstrated that the Cd removal percentage was exceeded 82% beyond 5 days and for concentration of 5 mg/L; however, this percentage was decreased with smaller retention time and higher metal concentration. The Grau second-order kinetic model accurately simulated the measurements of effluent Cd concentrations as a function of retention times. The FT-IR analysis indicated the existence of certain functional groups capable of enhancing the Cd removal. The treated wastewater's pH, DO, temperature, total dissolved solids (TDS), and electrical conductivity (EC) all meet the requirements for irrigation water., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2023. Published by Elsevier Ltd.)

Precipitation is an important climatic element that defines the hydrological regime, and its seasonal variation produces annual dry and wet periods in some areas. This seasonality changes wetland environments and leverages the growth dynamics of macrophytes present, including Typha domingensis Pers. This study aimed to evaluate the influence of seasonal variation on the growth, anatomy and ecophysiology of T. domingensis in a natural wetland. Biometric, anatomical and ecophysiological traits of T. domingensis were evaluated over one year at four-month intervals. Reductions in photosynthesis were evidenced at the end of the wet periods and during the dry periods, and these reductions were associated with thinner palisade parenchymas. Increased stomatal indexes and densities as well as thinner epidermis observed at the beginning dry periods can be associated with higher transpiration rates during this period. The plants maintained their water contents during the dry periods, which may be related to the storage of water in leaf trabecular parenchyma, as this is the first time that results indicate the function of this tissue as a seasonal aquiferous parenchyma. In addition, increasing proportions of aerenchymas were evident during the wet periods, which may be related to a compensation mechanism for soil waterlogging. Therefore, the growth, anatomy and ecophysiology of T. domingensis plants change throughout the year to adjust to both the dry and wet periods, providing conditions for the survival of the plants and modulating population growth., (© 2023. The Author(s) under exclusive licence to The Botanical Society of Japan.)

We evaluated a wetland habitat modification strategy to contrast fish assemblage structure and the production of young-of-the-year (YOY) fish between different engineered habitats (i.e., spawning pool complexes and connectivity channels) relative to unmodified lateral channels in a large drowned river mouth tributary of the St Lawrence River. Prior to habitat modifications, the coastal wetland was impaired by water level regulations and dominance of the invasive hybrid cattail, Typha × glauca, which collectively replaced or created barriers to seasonally flooded spawning habitats important to fish. Connectivity enhancements provided fish access along a wetland habitat gradient from sedge-meadows to the deeper water robust emergent main channel. Across an 8-year fish emigration dataset (2012, 2013, 2016-2021) more than 90% of all captured fish (N total  = 218,086 fish) were YOY and modified habitats outperformed the unmodified channels in total fish catch-per-unit-effort (CPUE) per year (both YOY and non-YOY). Spawning pool complexes had higher YOY species richness than unmodified channel habitats. Fish assemblage structure differed between the modified habitats, where connectivity channels and unmodified channels shared a more similar fish assemblage than spawning pool complexes. Modified habitats, however, supported warmer water and higher dissolved oxygen than the unmodified channels. Redundancy analysis and linear mixed-effect modelling with abiotic variables (hydrology, temperature and dissolved oxygen) showed significant effects on fish assemblage structure, species richness and CPUE of fish emigrating from the modified and unmodified habitats. Historic flooding in 2017 and 2019 was a primary driver of YOY fish production and fish assemblage structure, but also appeared to be associated with near anoxic conditions systemwide. YOY fish for several species was inversely affected by floods at spawning pool complexes, but CPUE of YOY fish for these species appeared unaffected at the connectivity channels despite low dissolved oxygen. Diversified habitat structure (i.e., connectivity channels and spawning pool complexes) offers a management option to enhance habitat for fish that allowed compensatory effects on the capture of YOY fish of several species during floods. This multifaceted outcome from the habitat modifications resulted in unique fish assemblages between the channelized and spawning pool habitat. A connectivity-based habitat enhancement strategy provides adaptability for an uncertain climatic and regulatory future for the Laurentian Great Lakes and St Lawrence River., (© 2023 Fisheries Society of the British Isles.)

Spatial separation between hybridizing taxa can limit hybridization and introgression when mating occurs between near neighbours. Water depth can be an important factor structuring wetland plant communities, which often include cattails ( Typha spp., Typhaceae). In eastern North America, native Typha latifolia regularly hybridizes with introduced T. angustifolia to produce the invasive F 1 hybrid T. × glauca, which can backcross to parental species. Hybridization in this wind-pollinated species complex may be facilitated by overlapping niches among taxa, but previous studies have yielded contradictory results, possibly because these studies were limited to shallow sites or single locations. We investigated patterns of depth occupancy in ditches (mean depth 3.4 cm) and permanent wetlands (mean depth 25.0 cm) with various mixtures of T. latifolia, T. angustifolia, and T. × glauca across a 1700 km transect from Michigan, USA, to Nova Scotia, Canada. Overall, we found that water depth cannot on its own explain patterns of cattail occupancy. We therefore conclude that niche partitioning by water depth does not promote mating isolation in Typha . Previous findings of habitat segregation by depth may be attributable to a combination of idiosyncratic features of individual sites, multi-dimensional niches, and phenotypic plasticity, which could prevent consistent niche segregation among Typha taxa. A lack of spatial segregation between Typha taxa should promote hybridization and introgression. This, coupled with the competitive superiority of hybrids, appears to be facilitating the displacement of native T. latifolia across a wide geographical range. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The nomenclature of some fossil and extant homonyms of Typha (Typhaceae) is resolved. Fossil Typha elongata P.I. Dorofeev 1982, being an illegitimate later homonym of extant Typha elongata Pauquy 1834, is renamed T. asiatica nom. nov. Typha sibirica Krasnova 1987 (extant) is replaced by a new name, T. krasnovae nom. nov., on account of the earlier homonym, T. sibirica P.I. Dorofeev 1982 (fossil). T. transdnestrovica nom. nov. is proposed to replace the later homonym T. elliptica Negru 1976 (fossil) non T. elliptica Gmelin 1808 (extant). Fossil seeds from the Lower Oligocene (Rupelian) of Bembridge (Isle of Wight, U.K.), previously attributed to the fossil-species T. latissima, based on leaves, are described as a new fossil-species, T. latissimisperma sp. nov. Typha latissima is neotypified; Typha angustior is lectotypified for the first time. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Context:The pollen ofTypha angustifoliaL. (Typhaceae) has been used as a traditional Chinese medicine for improving the microcirculation and promoting wound healing. Flavonoids are the main constituent in the plant, but little is known about the antioxidant activity of the principal constituent of the pollen in detail. Objectives:To assess the antioxidant activities of ethanol and water extracts and two constituents of the pollen. Materials and methods:Plant material (1 g) was extracted by 95% ethanol and water (10 mL × 2, 1 h each), respectively. The extracted activities (0.8–2.6 mg/mL) were measured by DPPH and the reducing activity of ferric chloride (1.7–2.6 mg/mL). Typhaneoside and isorhamnetin-3-O-neohesperidoside (I3ON) (2.8–70 μmol/L) were investigated on the relationship between NO, MDA and SOD in HUVECs treated with 100 μg/mL of LPS for 24 h. Results:Nine compounds were identified by UPLC-MS. Ethanol extract showed IC50values in DPPH (39.51 ± 0.72) and Fe3+reducing activity (82.76 ± 13.38), higher than the water extract (50.85 ± 0.74) and (106.33 ± 6.35), respectively. Typhaneoside and I3ON promoted cell proliferation at the respective concentration range of 2.8 to 70 μmol/L (p < 0.01). This two compounds decreased MDA (1.91 ± 0.10, 1.80 ± 0.34,p < 0.05) and NO levels (14.64 ± 0.08, 13.10 ± 0.88,p < 0.01), respectively, and increased SOD level (22.94 ± 2.48, 23.57 ± 2.38,p < 0.01) at the concentration of 70 μmol/L compared with LPS group. Conclusions:The constituents fromTypha angustifoliacould be a novel therapeutic strategy for LPS-induced inflammation. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]