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386 results on '"Tymko, Michael M."'

2. Global Research Expedition on Altitude-related Chronic Health 2018 Iron Infusion at High Altitude Reduces Hypoxic Pulmonary Vasoconstriction Equally in Both Lowlanders and Healthy Andean Highlanders

Author

Patrician, Alexander, Dawkins, Tony, Coombs, Geoff B., Stacey, Benjamin, Gasho, Christopher, Gibbons, Travis, Howe, Connor A., Tremblay, Joshua C., Stone, Rachel, Tymko, Kaitlyn, Tymko, Courtney, Akins, John D., Hoiland, Ryan L., Vizcardo-Galindo, Gustavo A., Figueroa-Mujíca, Rómulo, Villafuerte, Francisco C., Bailey, Damian M., Stembridge, Michael, Anholm, James D., Tymko, Michael M., and Ainslie, Philip N.

Published
2022
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3. Acute isometric and dynamic exercise do not alter cerebral sympathetic nerve activity in healthy humans.

Author

Tymko, Michael M, Drapeau, Audrey, Vieira-Coelho, Maria Augusta, Labrecque, Lawrence, Imhoff, Sarah, Coombs, Geoff B, Langevin, Stephan, Fortin, Marc, Châteauvert, Nathalie, Ainslie, Philip N, and Brassard, Patrice

Abstract

The impact of physiological stressors on cerebral sympathetic nervous activity (SNA) remains controversial. We hypothesized that cerebral noradrenaline (NA) spillover, an index of cerebral SNA, would not change during both submaximal isometric handgrip (HG) exercise followed by a post-exercise circulatory occlusion (PECO), and supine dynamic cycling exercise. Twelve healthy participants (5 females) underwent simultaneous blood sampling from the right radial artery and right internal jugular vein. Right internal jugular vein blood flow was measured using Duplex ultrasound, and tritiated NA was infused through the participants' right superficial forearm vein. Heart rate was recorded via electrocardiogram and blood pressure was monitored using the right radial artery. Total NA spillover increased during HG (P = 0.049), PECO (P = 0.006), and moderate cycling exercise (P = 0.03) compared to rest. Cerebral NA spillover remained unchanged during isometric HG exercise (P = 0.36), PECO after the isometric HG exercise (P = 0.45), and during moderate cycling exercise (P = 0.94) compared to rest. These results indicate that transient increases in blood pressure during acute exercise involving both small and large muscle mass do not engage cerebral SNA in healthy humans. Our findings suggest that cerebral SNA may be non-obligatory for exercise-related cerebrovascular adjustments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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4. Evidence for direct CO2‐mediated alterations in cerebral oxidative metabolism in humans.

Author

Caldwell, Hannah G., Hoiland, Ryan L., Bain, Anthony R., Howe, Connor A., Carr, Jay M. J. R., Gibbons, Travis D., Durrer, Cody G., Tymko, Michael M., Stacey, Benjamin S., Bailey, Damian M., Sekhon, Mypinder S., MacLeod, David B., and Ainslie, Philip N.

Subjects
INTERNAL carotid artery, VERTEBRAL artery, CEREBRAL circulation, CAROTID artery ultrasonography, BLOOD flow
Abstract

Aim: How the cerebral metabolic rates of oxygen and glucose utilization (CMRO2 and CMRGlc, respectively) are affected by alterations in arterial PCO2 (PaCO2) is equivocal and therefore was the primary question of this study. Methods: This retrospective analysis involved pooled data from four separate studies, involving 41 healthy adults (35 males/6 females). Participants completed stepwise steady‐state alterations in PaCO2 ranging between 30 and 60 mmHg. The CMRO2 and CMRGlc were assessed via the Fick approach (CBF × arterial‐internal jugular venous difference of oxygen or glucose content, respectively) utilizing duplex ultrasound of the internal carotid artery and vertebral artery to calculate cerebral blood flow (CBF). Results: The CMRO2 was altered by 0.5 mL × min−1 (95% CI: −0.6 to −0.3) per mmHg change in PaCO2 (p < 0.001) which corresponded to a 9.8% (95% CI: −13.2 to −6.5) change in CMRO2 with a 9 mmHg change in PaCO2 (inclusive of hypo‐ and hypercapnia). The CMRGlc was reduced by 7.7% (95% CI: −15.4 to −0.08, p = 0.045; i.e., reduction in net glucose uptake) and the oxidative glucose index (ratio of oxygen to glucose uptake) was reduced by 5.6% (95% CI: −11.2 to 0.06, p = 0.049) with a + 9 mmHg increase in PaCO2. Conclusion: Collectively, the CMRO2 is altered by approximately 1% per mmHg change in PaCO2. Further, glucose is incompletely oxidized during hypercapnia, indicating reductions in CMRO2 are either met by compensatory increases in nonoxidative glucose metabolism or explained by a reduction in total energy production. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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12. Cerebral uptake of microvesicles occurs in normocapnic but not hypocapnic passive hyperthermia in young healthy male adults.

Author

Parikh, Khushali, Shepley, Brooke R., Tymko, Michael M., Hijmans, Jamie G., Hoiland, Ryan L., Desouza, Christopher A., Sekhon, Mypinder S., Ainslie, Philip N., and Bain, Anthony R.

Abstract

Passive hyperthermia causes cerebral hypoperfusion primarily from heat‐induced respiratory alkalosis. However, despite the cerebral hypoperfusion, it is possible that the mild alkalosis might help to attenuate cerebral inflammation. In this study, the cerebral exchange of extracellular vesicles (microvesicles), which are known to elicit pro‐inflammatory responses when released in conditions of stress, were examined in hyperthermia with and without respiratory alkalosis. Ten healthy male adults were heated passively, using a warm water‐perfused suit, up to core temperature + 2°C. Blood samples were taken from the radial artery and internal jugular bulb. Microvesicle concentrations were determined in platelet‐poor plasma via cells expressing CD62E (activated endothelial cells), CD31+/CD42b− (apoptotic endothelial cells), CD14 (monocytes) and CD45 (pan‐leucocytes). Cerebral blood flow was measured via duplex ultrasound of the internal carotid and vertebral arteries to determine cerebral exchange kinetics. From baseline to poikilocapnic (alkalotic) hyperthermia, there was no change in microvesicle concentration from any cell origin measured (P‐values all >0.05). However, when blood CO2 tension was normalized to baseline levels in hyperthermia, there was a marked increase in cerebral uptake of microvesicles expressing CD62E (P = 0.028), CD31+/CD42b− (P = 0.003) and CD14 (P = 0.031) compared with baseline, corresponding to large increases in arterial but not jugular venous concentrations. In a subset of seven participants who underwent hypercapnia and hypocapnia in the absence of heating, there was no change in microvesicle concentrations or cerebral exchange, suggesting that hyperthermia potentiated the CO2/pH‐mediated cerebral uptake of microvesicles. These data provide insight into a potential beneficial role of respiratory alkalosis in heat stress. Key points: The hyperthermia‐induced hyperventilatory response is observed in most humans, despite causing potentially harmful reductions in cerebral blood flow.We tested the hypothesis that the respiratory‐induced alkalosis is associated with lower circulating microvesicle concentrations, specifically in the brain, despite the reductions in blood flow.At core temperature + 2°C with respiratory alkalosis, microvesicles derived from endothelial cells, monocytes and leucocytes were at concentrations similar to baseline in the arterial and cerebral venous circulation, with no changes in cross‐brain microvesicle kinetics.However, when core temperature was increased by 2°C with CO2/pH normalized to resting levels, there was a marked cerebral uptake of microvesicles derived from endothelial cells and monocytes. The CO2/pH‐mediated alteration in cerebral microvesicle uptake occurred only in hyperthermia.These new findings suggest that the heat‐induced hyperventilatory response might serve a beneficial role by preventing potentially inflammatory microvesicle uptake in the brain. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2023
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13. Central Respiratory Chemosensitivity and Cerebrovascular CO[subscript 2] Reactivity: A Rebreathing Demonstration Illustrating Integrative Human Physiology

Author

MacKay, Christina M., Skow, Rachel J., Tymko, Michael M., Boulet, Lindsey M., Davenport, Margie H., Steinback, Craig D., Ainslie, Philip N., Lemieux, Chantelle C. M., and Day, Trevor A.

Abstract

One of the most effective ways of engaging students of physiology and medicine is through laboratory demonstrations and case studies that combine 1) the use of equipment, 2) problem solving, 3) visual representations, and 4) manipulation and interpretation of data. Depending on the measurements made and the type of test, laboratory demonstrations have the added benefit of being able to show multiple organ system integration. Many research techniques can also serve as effective demonstrations of integrative human physiology. The "Duffin" hyperoxic rebreathing test is often used in research settings as a test of central respiratory chemosensitivity and cerebrovascular reactivity to CO[subscript 2]. We aimed to demonstrate the utility of the hyperoxic rebreathing test for both respiratory and cerebrovascular responses to increases in CO[subscript 2] and illustrate the integration of the respiratory and cerebrovascular systems. In the present article, methods such as spirometry, respiratory gas analysis, and transcranial Doppler ultrasound are described, and raw data traces can be adopted for discussion in a tutorial setting. If educators have these instruments available, instructions on how to carry out the test are provided so students can collect their own data. In either case, data analysis and quantification are discussed, including principles of linear regression, calculation of slope, the coefficient of determination (R[superscript 2]), and differences between plotting absolute versus normalized data. Using the hyperoxic rebreathing test as a demonstration of the complex interaction and integration between the respiratory and cerebrovascular systems provides senior undergraduate, graduate, and medical students with an advanced understanding of the integrative nature of human physiology.

Published
2016
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17. Hemoglobin and cerebral hypoxic vasodilation in humans: Evidence for nitric oxide-dependent and S-nitrosothiol mediated signal transduction

Author

Hoiland, Ryan L, primary, MacLeod, David B, additional, Stacey, Benjamin S, additional, Caldwell, Hannah G, additional, Howe, Connor A, additional, Nowak-Flück, Daniela, additional, Carr, Jay MJR, additional, Tymko, Michael M, additional, Coombs, Geoff B, additional, Patrician, Alexander, additional, Tremblay, Joshua C, additional, Van Mierlo, Michelle, additional, Gasho, Chris, additional, Stembridge, Mike, additional, Sekhon, Mypinder S, additional, Bailey, Damian M, additional, and Ainslie, Philip N, additional

Published
2023
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18. Global REACH 2018: High Blood Viscosity and Hemoglobin Concentration Contribute to Reduced Flow-Mediated Dilation in High-Altitude Excessive Erythrocytosis

Author

Tremblay, Joshua C., Hoiland, Ryan L., Howe, Connor A., Coombs, Geoff B., Vizcardo-Galindo, Gustavo A., Figueroa-Mujíca, Rómulo J., Bermudez, Daniela, Gibbons, Travis D., Stacey, Benjamin S., Bailey, Damian M., Tymko, Michael M., MacLeod, David B., Gasho, Chris, Villafuerte, Francisco C., Pyke, Kyra E., and Ainslie, Philip N.

Published
2019
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20. Lifelong exposure to high‐altitude hypoxia in humans is associated with improved redox homeostasis and structural–functional adaptations of the neurovascular unit

Author

Stacey, Benjamin S., primary, Hoiland, Ryan L., additional, Caldwell, Hannah G., additional, Howe, Connor A., additional, Vermeulen, Tyler, additional, Tymko, Michael M., additional, Vizcardo‐Galindo, Gustavo A., additional, Bermudez, Daniella, additional, Figueroa‐Mujíica, Rómulo J., additional, Gasho, Christopher, additional, Tuaillon, Edouard, additional, Hirtz, Christophe, additional, Lehmann, Sylvain, additional, Marchi, Nicola, additional, Tsukamoto, Hayato, additional, Villafuerte, Francisco C., additional, Ainslie, Philip N., additional, and Bailey, Damian M., additional

Published
2023
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21. Adrenergic control of skeletal muscle blood flow during chronic hypoxia in healthy males

Author

Simpson, Lydia L., primary, Hansen, Alexander B., additional, Moralez, Gilbert, additional, Amin, Sachin B., additional, Hofstaetter, Florian, additional, Gasho, Christopher, additional, Stembridge, Mike, additional, Dawkins, Tony G., additional, Tymko, Michael M., additional, Ainslie, Philip N., additional, Lawley, Justin S., additional, and Hearon, Christopher M., additional

Published
2023
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23. sj-pdf-1-jcb-10.1177_0271678X231169579 - Supplemental material for Hemoglobin and cerebral hypoxic vasodilation in humans: Evidence for nitric oxide-dependent and S-nitrosothiol mediated signal transduction

Author

Hoiland, Ryan L, MacLeod, David B, Stacey, Benjamin S, Caldwell, Hannah G, Howe, Connor A, Nowak-Flück, Daniela, Carr, Jay MJR, Tymko, Michael M, Coombs, Geoff B, Patrician, Alexander, Tremblay, Joshua C, Van Mierlo, Michelle, Gasho, Chris, Stembridge, Mike, Sekhon, Mypinder S, Bailey, Damian M, and Ainslie, Philip N

Subjects
110320 Radiology and Organ Imaging, FOS: Clinical medicine, FOS: Biological sciences, Medicine, Cell Biology, 110305 Emergency Medicine, 110306 Endocrinology, Biochemistry, 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified, 110904 Neurology and Neuromuscular Diseases, Neuroscience
Abstract

Supplemental material, sj-pdf-1-jcb-10.1177_0271678X231169579 for Hemoglobin and cerebral hypoxic vasodilation in humans: Evidence for nitric oxide-dependent and S-nitrosothiol mediated signal transduction by Ryan L Hoiland, David B MacLeod, Benjamin S Stacey, Hannah G Caldwell, Connor A Howe, Daniela Nowak-Flück, Jay MJR Carr, Michael M Tymko, Geoff B Coombs, Alexander Patrician, Joshua C Tremblay, Michelle Van Mierlo, Chris Gasho, Mike Stembridge, Mypinder S Sekhon, Damian M Bailey and Philip N Ainslie in Journal of Cerebral Blood Flow & Metabolism

Published
2023
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24. Brachial artery responses to acute hypercapnia: The roles of shear stress and adrenergic tone

Author

Carr, Jay M. J. R., primary, Ainslie, Philip N., additional, Howe, Connor A., additional, Gibbons, Travis D., additional, Tymko, Michael M., additional, Steele, Andrew R., additional, Hoiland, Ryan L., additional, Vizcardo‐Galindo, Gustavo A., additional, Patrician, Alex, additional, Brown, Courtney V., additional, Caldwell, Hannah G., additional, and Tremblay, Joshua C., additional

Published
2022
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26. Global REACH 2018: increased adrenergic restraint of blood flow preserves coupling of oxygen delivery and demand during exercise at high‐altitude

Author

Hansen, Alexander B., primary, Moralez, Gilbert, additional, Amin, Sachin B., additional, Hofstätter, Florian, additional, Simpson, Lydia L., additional, Gasho, Christopher, additional, Tymko, Michael M., additional, Ainslie, Philip N., additional, Lawley, Justin S., additional, and Hearon, Christopher M., additional

Published
2022
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29. Global Reach 2018: sympathetic neural and hemodynamic responses to submaximal exercise in Andeans with and without chronic mountain sickness

Author

Hansen, Alexander B., primary, Amin, Sachin B., additional, Hofstätter, Florian, additional, Mugele, Hendrik, additional, Simpson, Lydia L., additional, Gasho, Christopher, additional, Dawkins, Tony G., additional, Tymko, Michael M., additional, Ainslie, Philip N., additional, Villafuerte, Francisco C., additional, Hearon, Christopher M., additional, Lawley, Justin S., additional, and Moralez, Gilbert, additional

Published
2022
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30. Acid-base balance at high altitude in lowlanders and indigenous highlanders

Author

Tymko, Michael M., primary, Willie, Christopher K., additional, Howe, Connor A., additional, Hoiland, Ryan L., additional, Stone, Rachel M., additional, Tymko, Kaitlyn, additional, Tymko, Courtney, additional, MacLeod, David, additional, Anholm, James D., additional, Gasho, Christopher, additional, Villafuerte, Francisco, additional, Vizcardo-Galindo, Gustavo, additional, Figueroa-Mujica, Romulo, additional, Day, Trevor A., additional, Bird, Jordan D., additional, Foster, Glen E., additional, Steinback, Craig D., additional, Brugniaux, Julien V., additional, Champigneulle, Benoit, additional, Stauffer, Emeric, additional, Doutreleau, Stephane, additional, Verges, Samuel, additional, Swenson, Erik R., additional, and Ainslie, Philip N., additional

Published
2022
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31. Nitric oxide contributes to cerebrovascular shear‐mediated dilatation but not steady‐state cerebrovascular reactivity to carbon dioxide

Author

Hoiland, Ryan L., primary, Caldwell, Hannah G., additional, Carr, Jay M. J. R., additional, Howe, Connor A., additional, Stacey, Benjamin S., additional, Dawkins, Tony, additional, Wakeham, Denis J., additional, Tremblay, Joshua C., additional, Tymko, Michael M., additional, Patrician, Alexander, additional, Smith, Kurt J., additional, Sekhon, Mypinder S., additional, MacLeod, David B., additional, Green, Daniel J., additional, Bailey, Damian M., additional, and Ainslie, Philip N., additional

Published
2021
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32. Trans-cerebral HCO3− and PCO2 exchange during acute respiratory acidosis and exercise-induced metabolic acidosis in humans

Author

Caldwell, Hannah G, primary, Hoiland, Ryan L, additional, Smith, Kurt J, additional, Brassard, Patrice, additional, Bain, Anthony R, additional, Tymko, Michael M, additional, Howe, Connor A, additional, Carr, Jay MJR, additional, Stacey, Benjamin S, additional, Bailey, Damian M, additional, Drapeau, Audrey, additional, Sekhon, Mypinder S, additional, MacLeod, David B, additional, and Ainslie, Philip N, additional

Published
2021
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36. The influence of hemoconcentration on hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction in acute, prolonged, and lifelong hypoxemia

Author

Stembridge, Mike, primary, Hoiland, Ryan L., additional, Williams, Alexandra M., additional, Howe, Connor A., additional, Donnelly, Joseph, additional, Dawkins, Tony G., additional, Drane, Aimee, additional, Tymko, Michael M., additional, Gasho, Christopher, additional, Anholm, James, additional, Simpson, Lydia L., additional, Moore, Jonathan P., additional, Bailey, Damian M., additional, MacLeod, David B., additional, and Ainslie, Philip N., additional

Published
2021
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37. Global REACH 2018: volume regulation in high-altitude Andeans with and without chronic mountain sickness

Author

Steele, Andrew R., primary, Tymko, Michael M., additional, Meah, Victoria L., additional, Simpson, Lydia L., additional, Gasho, Christopher, additional, Dawkins, Tony G., additional, Williams, Alexandra M., additional, Villafuerte, Francisco C., additional, Vizcardo-Galindo, Gustavo A., additional, Figueroa-Mujíca, Rómulo J., additional, Ainslie, Philip N., additional, Stembridge, Mike, additional, Moore, Jonathan P., additional, and Steinback, Craig D., additional

Published
2021
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40. Global REACH 2018: the adaptive phenotype to life with chronic mountain sickness and polycythaemia

Author

Hansen, Alexander B., primary, Moralez, Gilbert, additional, Amin, Sachin B., additional, Simspon, Lydia L., additional, Hofstaetter, Florian, additional, Anholm, James D, additional, Gasho, Christopher, additional, Stembridge, Mike, additional, Dawkins, Tony G., additional, Tymko, Michael M., additional, Ainslie, Philip N., additional, Villafuerte, Francisco, additional, Romero, Steven A., additional, Hearon, Christopher M., additional, and Lawley, Justin S., additional

Published
2021
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41. Global Reach 2018: Nitric oxide-mediated cutaneous vasodilation is reduced in chronic, but not acute, hypoxia independently of enzymatic superoxide formation

Author

Coombs, Geoff B., primary, Akins, John D., additional, Patik, Jordan C., additional, Vizcardo-Galindo, Gustavo A., additional, Figueroa-Mujica, Romulo, additional, Tymko, Michael M., additional, Stacey, Benjamin S., additional, Iannetelli, Angelo, additional, Bailey, Damian M., additional, Villafuerte, Francisco C., additional, Ainslie, Philip N., additional, and Brothers, R. Matthew, additional

Published
2021
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42. Losing the dogmatic view of cerebral autoregulation

Author

Brassard, Patrice, primary, Labrecque, Lawrence, additional, Smirl, Jonathan D., additional, Tymko, Michael M., additional, Caldwell, Hannah G., additional, Hoiland, Ryan L., additional, Lucas, Samuel J. E., additional, Denault, André Y., additional, Couture, Etienne J., additional, and Ainslie, Philip N., additional

Published
2021
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44. Unveiling the enigma from sick to beauty: Hungry to standardize metrics for dynamic cerebral autoregulation.

Author

Tymko, Michael M.

Subjects
*CEREBRAL circulation, *TRANSCRANIAL Doppler ultrasonography, *PATHOLOGICAL physiology, *INTRACRANIAL pressure, *VASCULAR resistance
Abstract

In this article from Experimental Physiology, Olsen et al. discuss the challenges and limitations of evaluating dynamic cerebral autoregulation (dCA) using mean velocity index-based measures. They argue that methodological inconsistencies have compromised the validity and reproducibility of these measures and advocate for enhanced experimental standardization. The authors also highlight the need for ongoing analytical innovations to account for the non-linear nature of cerebral autoregulation and the variability of dCA over time. They suggest that advancements in transcranial Doppler ultrasound technology and software could improve the reliability of dCA metrics. Overall, this review emphasizes the importance of standardization and methodological improvements in the study of cerebral autoregulation. [Extracted from the article]

Published
2024
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45. Changes in cardiac autonomic activity during intracranial pressure plateau waves in patients with traumatic brain injury

Author

Tymko, Michael M, Donnelly, Joseph, Smielewski, Peter, Zeiler, Frederick A, Sykora, Marek, Haubrich, Christina, Nasr, Nathalie, Czosnyka, Marek, Tymko, Michael M [0000-0001-9945-339X], and Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository

Subjects
Adult, Male, Intracranial Pressure, Parasympathetic nervous activity, Sympathetic nervous activity, Blood Pressure, Baroreflex, Middle Aged, Autonomic Nervous System, Young Adult, Traumatic brain injury, Heart Rate, Baroreflex sensitivity, Brain Injuries, Traumatic, Humans, Female, Heart rate variability
Published
2019
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47. Global REACH 2018: dysfunctional extracellular microvesicles in Andean highlander males with excessive erythrocytosis

Author

Brewster, L. Madden, primary, Bain, Anthony R., additional, Garcia, Vinicius P., additional, Fandl, Hannah K., additional, Stone, Rachel, additional, DeSouza, Noah M., additional, Greiner, Jared J., additional, Tymko, Michael M., additional, Vizcardo-Galindo, Gustavo A., additional, Figueroa-Mujica, Romulo J., additional, Villafuerte, Francisco C., additional, Ainslie, Philip N., additional, and DeSouza, Christopher A., additional

Published
2021
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48. Global REACH 2018: Influence of excessive erythrocytosis on coagulation and fibrinolytic factors in Andean highlanders

Author

DeSouza, Noah M., primary, Brewster, L. Madden, additional, Bain, Anthony R., additional, Garcia, Vinicius P., additional, Stone, Rachel, additional, Stockelman, Kelly A., additional, Greiner, Jared J., additional, Tymko, Michael M., additional, Vizcardo‐Galindo, Gustavo, additional, Figueroa‐Mujica, Romulo J., additional, Villafuerte, Francisco C., additional, Ainslie, Philip N., additional, and DeSouza, Christopher A., additional

Published
2021
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49. Influence of iron manipulation on hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction and pulmonary reactivity during ascent and acclimatization to 5050 m

Author

Willie, Christopher K., primary, Patrician, Alexander, additional, Hoiland, Ryan L., additional, Williams, Alexandra M., additional, Gasho, Christopher, additional, Subedi, Prajan, additional, Anholm, James, additional, Drane, Aimee, additional, Tymko, Michael M., additional, Nowak‐Flück, Daniela, additional, Plato, Sawyer, additional, McBride, Emily, additional, Varoli, Giovanfrancesco, additional, Binsted, Gordon, additional, Eller, Lindsay K., additional, Reimer, Raylene A., additional, MacLeod, David B., additional, Stembridge, Michael, additional, and Ainslie, Philip N., additional

Published
2021
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