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This study aims to determine the histological features of the aorta and heart of male Rattus norvegicus after administration of cherry juice (Muntingia calabura L.) dan lakum leaf extract (Cayratia trifolia L.). The study used 30 male Rattus norvegicus L. in a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) consisting of 5 treatments with 6 repetitions, namely the control group (P0), the standard feeding group (P1), the hyperlipid feed group + 0.2 mL/200 g BB cherry juice (P2), the hyperlipid feed group + 40 mg / 200 g BB lakum leaf extract (P3) and hyperlipid feed group + 0.18 mg / 200 g BB simvastatin (P4). Hyperlipid feed was given during the treatment, which was 28 days. To obtain histological data, preparations were made using the paraffin method and then observed using a photomicrograph with 400x magnification and observing the aortic lumen, foam cells and intracellular accumulation of lipids in smooth muscle. Data were analyzed by ANOVA followed by Duncan Test at a significant level of 5%. The results showed that the addition of cherry juice and lakum leaf extract gave a significant effect on lumen width and thickness of the aortic wall (p 0.05). Histomorphometri showed the presence of foam cells and accumulation of smooth muscle lipids in the control and group treatments with hyperlipid feeding. The conclusion of this study was that the addition of cherry juice and lakum leaf extract can reduce atherosclerotic lesions by eliminating showed foam cells and prevent proliferating smooth muscle cells so the size of the aortic lumen width returns to normal, but didn’t cause enlargement of the heart muscle (cardiomegaly).

Guppy fish (Poecilia reticulata var. Mosaic) is a type of ornamental fish that has many enthusiasts. Guppy fish culture still has low growth and viability in guppy fish culture. The previous solution was to apply antibiotics, but as time goes by antibiotics cause bacterial resistance. Another solution is the application of probiotics to feed. L.paracasei is one of the lactic acid probiotic bacteria and has never been applied to guppies. This study aimed to analyze the effect of the probiotic on performance (growth and viability, gill and gut histology, and LAB (Lactic Acid Bacteria L.paracasei) total) in guppies. 180 fish were randomly assigned into four triplicates groups and there were four treatment groups: 0 (Control), 5, 10, and 15 mL. kg-1 feed. As the result of this research, the highest body weight and length growth performance is found in the P3 group. Meanwhile, there were no significant differences between the groups of guppies viability. Gill and intestinal histology showed that control group was the best group. The conclusion of this study is that 15 mL. kg-1 is considered the most effective for improving the performance of guppy fish. The addition of L.paracasei can be used as feed supplements to improve performance of guppy fish.

Kunyit termasuk dalam suku zingiberaceae yang mempunyai banyak manfaat dalam kesehatan. Kunyit mengandung senyawa kurkumin yang berfungsi sebagai antioksidan dan anti-inflamasi. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah menganalisis pengaruh pemberian serbuk kunyit dan kurkumin terhadap diferensial leukosit tikus putih yang diberi pakan hiperlipid yang diamati melalui jumlah granulosit, jumlah limfosit, dan jumlah monosit. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian eksperimental dengan Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL), menggunakan 25 ekor Rattus norvegicus jantan berumur 21 hari yang dibagi dalam 5 kelompok perlakuan dengan 5 kali ulangan. Kelompok perlakuan meliputi: kontrol (C0), tikus diberi pakan hiperlipid (C1), tikus diberi pakan hiperlipid dan kurkumin 1,35 mg/200g BB/hari (C2), tikus diberi pakan hiperlipid dan serbuk kunyit 200 mg/200g BB/hari (C3), tikus diberi pakan hiperlipid dan simvastatin 0,18 mg/200g BB/hari (C4). Perlakuan diberikan selama 56 hari. Pengambilan sampel darah secara intrakardial, kemudian dilanjutkan dengan pengukuran jumlah granulosit, jumlah limfosit, dan jumlah monosit menggunakan hematology analyzer. Data penelitian dianalisis dengan uji Anova. Hasil menunjukkan bahwa tidak terdapat perbedaan bermakna (p>0,05) pada jumlah monosit, namun terdapat perbedaan bermakna pada jumlah granulosit dan jumlah limfosit. Kesimpulan dari penelitian ini adalah pemberian kurkumin dan serbuk kunyit pada tikus yang diberi pakan hiperlipid tidak menyebabkan perubahan pada diferensial leukosit dan masih berada pada keadaan normal.Turmeric is included in the zingiberaceae family which has many benefits in health. Turmeric contains curcumin compounds as antioxidants and anti-inflamatory. The purpose of this study was to analyze the effect of giving turmeric powder and curcumin on differential leukocytes of white rats given hyperlipid feeds which were observed through the number of granulocytes, the number of lymphocytes, and the number of monocytes. This study was an experimental study with a completely randomized design (CRD), using 25 male Rattus norvegicus 21 days old, divided into 5 treatment groups with 5 replications. The treatment group included control (C0), rats fed hyperlipid (C1), rats given hyperlipid feed and curcumin 1,35 mg/200g wb/day (C2), rats given hyperlipid feed and turmeric powder 200 mg/200g wb/day (C3), rats given hyperlipid feed and simvastatin 0,18 mg/ 200g wb/day (C4). Intracardial blood sampling, then followed by measuring the number of segmented leukocyte, lymphocyte count, and monocyte count used hematology analyzer. The research data were analyzed using Anova test. The results showed that there was no significant difference (p> 0,05) in monocyte count, but there were significant differences in granulocyte count and lymphocyte count. The conclusion of this study is that presenting curcumin and turmeric powder to rats fed hyperlipid diet did not cause changes in the leukocyte differential and were still in normal conditions.

Kunyit mengandung senyawa kurkumin yang dapat digunakan sebagai zat antiinflamasi dan membantu memperbaiki sel-sel yang rusak. Tujuan dari penelitian ini menganalisis pengaruh serbuk kunyit dan kurkumin pada jumlah dan ukuran sel spermatogonium; spermatosit primer; dan spermatosit sekunder; bobot testis serta diameter tubulus seminiferus Mus musculus yang diberi minuman beralkohol. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian eksperimental dengan Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL), menggunakan 12 ekor Mus musculus jantan yang dibagi kedalam 4 kelompok perlakuan dan 3 kali ulangan. R0 merupakan kontrol, R1 kontrol alkohol, R2 pemberian serbuk kunyit sebanyak 0,1 mg/hari, R3 pemberian kurkumin sebanyak 0,01 mg/hari. Perlakuan diberikan selama 30 hari. Data penelitian dianalisis menggunakan analysis of variance (ANOVA) pada taraf kepercayaan 95%. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian yang diperoleh dapat disimpulkan bahwa tidak terdapat perbedaan bermakna (p>0.05) pada jumlah spermatogonium dan ukuran sel (spermatogonium, spermatosit primer, dan spermatosit sekunder), namun terdapat perbedaan bermakna pada (P0.05) in the number of spermatogonia and cell size (spermatogonia, primary spermatocytes, and secondary spermatocytes), but there is a significant difference (P

Ciu merupakan salah satu minuman beralkohol yang banyak dikonsumsi oleh masyarakat Indonesia. Konsumsi Ciu dapat merusak jaringan dan organ tubuh, karena hasil metabolisme alkohol merupakan molekul reaktif yang berupa Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS). Penelitian bertujuan untuk menganalisis pengaruh konsumsi Ciu terhadap perubahan histomorfologi ren. Penelitian menggunakan 15 ekor mencit jantan dengan Desain Rancangan Acak Lengkap dengan 3 kelompok perlakuan dan 5 ulangan, yaitu T0: mencit tidak diberikan perlakuan Ciu, T1: mencit diberi perlakuan Ciu 1 x 0,2ml/hari, dan T2: mencit diberi perlakuan Ciu 2 x 0,2ml/hari. Parameter pengukuran antara lain bobot ren, diameter glomerulus, lebar ruang Bowman, ukuran sel epitel dan diameter lumen tubulus kontortus proksimal, dan ukuran sel epitel dan diameter lumen tubulus kontortus distal. Data yang diperoleh dianalisis menggunakan uji Analysis of Variance (ANOVA), dilanjutkan dengan uji Duncanpada taraf kepercayaan 95%. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pemberian Ciu memberikan pengaruh nyata (P

Tithonia diversifolia can be used as an antidiabetic, so it is necessary to study the safety of its use, especially the side effects on the liver and kidneys. This study aimed to determine the effect of using T. diversifolia leaf extract through histomorphometry observations of the liver and kidneys of hyperglycemic albino rats. The study design used a completely randomized design (CRD). This study used 20 male albino rats which were divided into five treatment groups, there were T0 (rat normal/control), T1 (hyperglycemic rat without T. diversifolia leaf extract), T2 (hyperglycemic rat administered with Glibenclamide 10 mg/kg BW), T3 (hyperglycemic rat administered with T. diversifolia leaf extract 150 mg/kg BW), T4 (hyperglycemic rat administered with T. diversifolia leaf extract 300 mg/kg BW). Every treatment was repeated four times. The damage of hepatocyte and the glomerular cell was observed through histological structure observation by histomorphometry method using a photomicrography microscope (Olympus BX51). The results indicate that there were significant differences (P < 0.05) in the variable of hepatocytes diameter and there was no significant different (P > 0.05) result on glomerular diameter, as well as kidney and liver weight. It was concluded that T. diversifolia leaf extract of 150 mg/kg BW and 300 mg/kg BW are safe to be used as antidiabetic. It does not cause any side effects on the liver and kidneys of hyperglycemic albino rats. Thereby T. diversifolia leaf extract can be further tested as preparation of biopharmaca which can be used as herbal medicines for diabetics.

Consumption of liquor such as Ciu in excessive doses can cause a decrease in hematological status. Balimo stem is an alternative treatment to improve hematological status due to excessive alcohol consumption because it contains alkaloids, flavonoids, and other secondary metabolic compounds, that have functions as antioxidant effects. This study aims to examine and analyze the effect of Balimo immersion water on the hematological status of mice with the observed variables, namely the erythrocytes count, hemoglobin levels, hematocrit value, and total count of leukocytes in rats that had been given Ciu. The study used 20 Rattus norvegicus male rats which were divided into 4 groups. The data were analyzed using one-way ANOVA. The results showed no significant differences (p

Puyuh merupakan salah satu komoditi peternakan yang mempunyai peran dalam pemenuhan kebutuhan akan protein hewani berupa telur dan daging. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui kadar trigliserida daging puyuh pada keturunan F1 betina dari induk puyuh yang diberi suplemen tepung kunyit dalam pakan sebagai upaya menghasilkan anak puyuh kualitas unggul dengan kondisi fisiologis yang baik. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode eksperimental dengan Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL). Hewan percobaan yang digunakan adalah 15 ekor puyuh jepang (Coturnix coturnix japonica L.) betina, yang dibagi kedalam 3 kelompok perlakuan dengan 5 kali ulangan, yaitu K0: keturunan F1 betina dari induk yang tidak diberi suplemen tepung kunyit,K1: keturunan F1 betina dari induk puyuh yang diberi suplemen tepung kunyit dengan dosis 54 mg/ekor/hari sebelum masa kelamin dan K2 : keturunan F1 betina dari induk puyuh yang diberi sumplemen tepung kunyit dengan dosis 108 mg/ekor/hari sebelum masa kelamin. Data dianalisis dengan menggunakan analisis of varian (ANOVA). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa konsumsi pakan harian, konsumsi minum harian dan kadar trigliserida daging pada keturunan F1 betina dari induk yang diberi suplemen tepung kunyit tidak berbeda nyata, sehingga dapat disimpulkan bahwa kondisi fisiologis pada keturunan F1 betina dalam kondisi normal.

Kurkumin dalam kunyit mengandung atioksidan yang berpotensi memperbaiki gangguan eritropoiesis. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menguji pengaruh serbuk kunyit dan kurkumin terhadap status darah mencit (Mus musculus L.) yang diberi minuman beralkohol (ciu). Penelitian ini menggunakan Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL), dengan 20 ekor mencit jantan berbobot seragam yaitu 0.03 kg, dibagi ke dalam 4 kelompok perlakuan dan 5 kali ulangan. R0 merupakan kontrol, R1 hanya diberi alkohol (ciu), R2 mencit yang telah diberikan alkohol (ciu) kemudian diberi serbuk kunyit, R3 mencit yang telah diberi alkohol (ciu) kemudian diberi serbuk kurkumin. Data dianalisis menggunakan uji ANNOVA, dilanjutkan uji Duncan pada taraf signifikasi 95%. Hasil penelitian berbeda nyata (P0.05) terhadap jumlah eritrosit dan kadar hemoglobin. Berdasarkan penelitian pemberian serbuk kunyit 0.1 g dan serbuk kurkumin 0.01 g belum mampu meningkatkan bobot badan, jumlah eritrosit dan kadar hemoglobin. akan tetapi berpotensi memperbaiki fungsi fisiologis dan metabolisme mencit.Kata kunci: Ciu, Mus musculus L., bobot badan, jumlah leukosit, kadar hemoglobin

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis kadar protein daging dan bobot karkas puyuh jepang (Coturnix coturnix japonica) setelah diberi suplemen kurkumin serta serbuk kunyit. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode eksperimental dengan Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL). Hewan uji yang digunakan sebanyak 24 ekor puyuh jepang yang dibagi dalam 3 perlakuan yang terdiri dari P0: puyuh jepang yang tidak diberi suplemen kurkumin maupun kunyit (kontrol), P1: puyuh jepang yang diberi suplemen kurkumin kasar 0,15 mg/ekor, dan P2: puyuh jepang yang diberi serbuk kunyit kadar 108 mg/ekor. Parameter yang diamati yaitu konsumsi pakan, konsumsi minum, kadar protein daging dan bobot karkas. Data yang diperoleh, dianalisis menggunakan ANOVA kemudian dilanjutkan dengan uji Duncan Multiple Range Test pada taraf kepercayaan 95%. Hasil analisis data menunjukkan bahwa pemberian suplemen kurkumin serta serbuk kunyit memberikan pengaruh nyata terhadap peningkatan kadar protein daging, namun tidak memberikan pengaruh nyata terhadap peningkatan konsumsi pakan, konsumsi minum dan bobot karkas puyuh jepang. Berdasarkan penelitian ini disimpulkan bahwa pemberian suplemen kurkumin serta kunyit pada puyuh jepang (Coturnix coturnix japonica) dapat meningkatkan metabolisme protein sehingga kadar protein daging meningkat dan mendukung performa puyuh jepang. Kata kunci: puyuh jepang, kurkumin, serbuk kunyit

Danau Galela adalah salah satu sumberdaya perairan tawar terbesar di Provinsi Maluku Utara. Seiring dengan pertambahan jumlah penduduk, Danau Galela mengalami permasalahan seperti penurunan kualitas air akibat meningkatnya sistem budidaya ikan dengan menggunakan keramba, perikanan tangkap dan objek wisata. Aktifitas yang dilakukan di badan air maupun daratan perlahan berpengaruh terhadap ekosistem danau. penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui kualitas air dan status pencemaran danau galela, berdasarkan parameter fisika, kimia dan biologi (Kelimpahan fitoplankton). Metode pengambilan sampel dilakukan dengan menggunakan purposive sampling. Sampel fitoplankton diambil dengan metode stratifikasi secara vertikal setiap 1m. selanjutnya data di analisis kelimpahan dan komposisi fitoplankton untuk menentukan indeks saprobic dan indeks pencemaran. Berdasaarkan hasil analisis kandungan Kadar fosfor, nitrit dan amonia pada beberapa stasiun melewati baku mutu perairan kelas I dan II. Komposisi fitoplankton di Danau Galela terdiri atas Chlorophyta 15 spesies, Bacillariophyta 10 spesies, Cyanophyta 4 spesies, Euglenophyta dan Pyrrhophyta 1 spesies. Berdasarkan kelimpahan fitoplankton diketahui bahwa perairan Danau Galela berkisar antara 10.089 ind/l hingga 32.108 ind/l, termasuk kategori mesoeutrofik hingga eutrofik. Indeks saprobik berkisar pada β Mesosaprobik hingga α Mesosaprobik, sementara indeks pencemaran menunjukan memenuhi baku mutu hingga cemar ringan.

Daun lakum (Cayratia trifolia) dan buah kersen (Muntingia calabura) mengandung senyawa flavonoid, terpenoid, steroid dan kaya akan antioksidan. Beberapa senyawa antioksidan seperti squalene, nimbidin dan saponin berpotensi meningkatkan metabolisme HDL dalam tubuh sehingga dapat mengurangi timbunan lemak tubuh. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui perbedaan bobot badan dan bobot lemak abdominal tikus putih (Rattus norvegicus) strain wistar jantan hiperlipidemia setelah pemberian jus buah kersen dan ekstrak etanol daun lakum. Penelitian menggunakan Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) yang teridiri atas 5 perlakuan dengan 4 kali ulangan, yaitu kelompok kontrol, kelompok pakan hiperlipid positif, kelompok pemberian pakan jus kersen, kelompok pemberian pakan ekstrak lakum dan kelompok pemberian simvastatin. Pakan hiperlipid diberikan selama enam minggu, dimulai dari tikus umur tiga bulan. Pengukuran variable bobot badan diukur tiap minggu dan bobot lemak abdominal di akhir penelitian. Data dianalisis dengan Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) yang dilanjutkan dengan Uji Duncan pada taraf kepercayaan 95%. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa pemberian tambahan jus buah kersen dan ekstrak etanol daun lakum memberikan pengaruh yang signifikan pada bobot badan dan bobot lemak abdominal (p

Neem leaf (Azadirachta indica) was known as infertility herb. Neem leaf contain of flavonoid compounds which inhibit the damage of cell. This research aimed to examine the effect of neem leaf on hepotocyte and liver lobules diameter. The total of labolatory animals in this research were 12 male Rattus novergicus. This research was conducted by using the Complete Randomized Design (CRD). The animal was treated by neem leaf extracted with 12, 16, and 20 mg/animal/day (PO, P1, P2, P3) respectively. The treatment was treated during 14 days. The liver was made as histological slide by using HE stain with 3-4 µ in thickness. The observed parameters were hepatocyte diameter, liver lobules diameter, the final body weight and liver weight. Data here analyzed by ANOVA test. All the analysis were performed with 5% significant level. The results showed that the giving of neem leaf extract had no significant effects (p>0.05) on hepatocyte diameter, liver lobules diameter, liver weight and final body weight. It could be concluded that the giving of ethanolic neem leaves extract with 20 mg/animal/day for 14 days did not affect the hepatocyte diameter, liver diameter, liver weight and final body weight

Periode kebuntingan pada hewan membutuhkan nutrisi yang banyak sebagai akibat dari pemenuhan gizi indukan dan embrio. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk menganalisis pengaruh suplementasi telur puyuh organik terhadap kadar glukosa darah Rattus norvegicus L saat laktasi. Penelitian ini menggunakan 20 ekor Rattus norvegicus L betina terdiri atas 5 perlakuan dengan 4 kali ulangan. Perlakuan pada penelitian ini terdiri atas T0: Rattus norvegicus L kontrol; T1: Rattus norvegicus L diberi suplemen telur yang diproduksi puyuh yang diberi pakan komersial; T2: Rattus norvegicus L diberi suplemen telur yang diproduksi puyuh yang diberi pakan organik standar; T3: Rattus norvegicus L diberi suplemen telur yang diproduksi puyuh yang diberi pakan organik yang mengandung daun singkong, ikan kembung dan kunyit, dan T4: Rattus norvegicus L diberi suplemen telur yang diproduksi puyuh yang diberi pakan organic yang mengandung daun singkong, rumput laut, dan kunyit. Penelitian ini menggunakan Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) . Data yang diperoleh dianalisis menggunakan Analysis of Variance (Anova) pada taraf signifikansi 5%. Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa suplementasi telur puyuh organik yang tidak memberikan pengaruh (P

Penelitian ini bertujuan mengkaji pengaruh pemberian pakan organik terhadap diameter hepatosit dan struktur histologi hepar puyuh jepang (Coturnix coturnix japonica). Penelitian ini menggunakan 60 ekor puyuh jepang yang terdiri atas 4 perlakuan, masing-masing perlakuan terdiri atas 3 ekor puyuh dan dilakukan 5 kali ulangan. Perlakuan dalam penelitian terdiri atas 4 kelompok yaitu P0 merupakan puyuh yang diberi pakan komersial, P1 merupakan puyuh yang diberi pakan organik standar, P2 merupakan puyuh yang diberi pakan organik dengan kandungan daun singkong, kunyit, dan ikan kembung, dan P3 merupakan puyuh yang diberi pakan organik dengan kandungan daun singkong, kunyit, dan rumput laut. Perlakuan diberikan selama 4 bulan. Penelitian menggunakan Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL). Parameter yang diukur dalam penelitian adalah diameter hepatosit, diameter lobulus hepar, bobot hepar, dan bobot badan puyuh jepang serta deskripsi struktur histologi hepar. Data dianalisis dengan Analysis of Varian (ANOVA), bila terdapat perbedaan dilanjutkan dengan Uji Duncan dengan taraf kepercayaan 95%. Hasil analisis data terdapat perbedaan nyata pada diameter hepatosit, diameter lobulus hepar, dan bobot hepar, namun tidak terdapat perbedaan nyata terhadap bobot badan puyuh jepang yang diberi pakan organik. Disimpulkan bahwa pemberian pakan organik mampu mengoptimalkan fungsi hepar puyuh. Kata kunci: pakan organik, puyuh jepang, hepatosit, kunyit

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh pemberian suplemen serbuk kunyit (Curcuma longa L.)secara oral terhadap sistem reproduksi parkit (Melopsittacus undulatus) jantan dan betina. Data dianalisis menggunakan Uji T. Hewan uji yang digunakan pada penelitian ini adalah 20 parkit umur 4 bulan yang terdiri dari 10 parkit jantan dan 10 parkit betina, masing-masing dibagi menjadi 2 kelompok. Kelompok 1 terdiri dari parkit jantan yang tidak diberi perlakuan (J0) dan parkit jantan yang diberi perlakuan suplemen serbuk kunyit (J1), kelompok 2 terdiri dari parkit betina yang tidak diberi perlakuan (B0) dan parkit betina yang diberi perlakuan suplemen serbuk kunyit (B1). Variabel yang diamati untuk parkit jantan adalah bobot testis dan panjang saluran reproduksi, sedangkan variabel yang diamati untuk parkit betina adalah bobot ovarium, bobot uterus, panjang saluran reproduksi dan bobot saluran reproduksi. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa suplemen serbuk kunyit 35 mg/ekor/hariyang diberikan secara oral pada parkit jantan dapat meningkatkan bobot testis, akan tetapi tidak berpengaruh terhadap panjang saluran reproduksi parkit jantan dan untuk parkit betina dapat meningkatkan bobot ovarium, bobot uterus, panjang saluran reproduksi, dan bobot saluran reproduksi pada parkit betina. Kesimpulan menunjukkan bahwa pemberian serbuk kunyit secara oral mampu memacu proses reproduksi pada parkit jantan dan parkit betina. Kata kunci: testis, ovarium, burung paruh bengkok, kunyit

Human activities have induced environmental changes, which, in turn, changed the biodiversity. Biodiversity is the variability among organisms at genetic, species, and ecosystem levels. Biodiversity at species and ecosystem levels can use for environmental impact assessment (EIA). EIA is a tool of environmental management based on evaluating the environmental impacts of a project that propose to reduce the negative impacts and maximize the positive impacts. The biodiversity at species and community levels can be applied for water quality assessment. In the species level, tolerant species will adapt to the environmental changes, whereas sensitive species will move to or be eliminated from the ecosystem. In the level of population, environmental changes will induce changes in the assemblage of organisms. EIA has been conducted in Galela and Pengilon Lakes. Based on the diversity index of phytoplankton, Galela Lake was unstable to a relatively stable ecosystem. The low diversity index related to the dominance of several species found at all sites, such as Aulacoseira granulata, Melosira varians, Synedra ulna, that indicated meso to eutrophic condition. The dominance of genus Eunotia, Pinnularia, and Frustulia indicated the acidic of the corridor of Warna and Pengilon Lakes. Changes in the diatom assemblage reflected the condition of the catchment area.

Olive oil, VCO, dan minyak buah merah memiliki manfaat sebagai antidiabetik karena ketiga minyak tersebut mengandung antioksidan yang tinggi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk membandingkan respon ketiga minyak tersebut terhadap persentase penurunan kadar glukosa darah, berat badan dan diameter sel hepatosit tikus jantan (Rattus norvegicus) hiperglikemik. Lima belas ekor tikus putih (Rattus norvegicus) jantan dengan umur sekitar 2 bulan digunakan sebagai hewan uji. Induksi aloksan sebesar 150 mg per kg BB tikus secara intraperitonial dilakukan untuk mendapatkan tikus hiperglikemik. Design penelitian menggunakan Rancangan Acak Lengkap, dengan tiga perlakuan dan lima ulangan, yaitu P1 merupakan perlakuan dengan VCO 0,2 ml per BB tikus, P2 merupakan perlakuan dengan olive oil 0,2 ml per BB serta P3 merupakan perlakuan dengan minyak buah merah sebanyak 0,2 ml per BB tikus per hari. Perlakuan diberikan secara oral selama empat minggu, data yang didapat dianalisa dengan ANOVA dan uji lanjut dengan uji LSD. Hasil yang didapat menunjukkan bahwa rerata persentase penurunan kadar glukosa darah dan bobot badan pada P1 berbeda nyata dengan P2 dan P3 (p0.05), sehingga dapat disimpulkan bahwa VCO lebih potensial sebagai antidiabetik dibanding olive oil dan minyak buah merah

The aim of this study was to analyze the effect of using duckweed (Lemna minor) and virgin coconut oil (VCO) in diet on performance, hatchability, feed consumption, and body weight of cemani hen (Gallus gallus domesticus). Sixteen cemani hens were maintained from the age of 12 weeks to the first laying period and housed randomly in cages based on a completely randomized design (CRD) using four treatments and four replications. The treatment consisted: standard feed (T0), standard feed added 75% duckweed (T1), standard feed added 10 ml/kg VCO (T2), and standard feed added 75% duckweed and 10 ml/kg VCO (T3). The parameters were evaluated: age of maturity, egg number, fertility, hatchability, feed consumption, protein retention, and body weight. The results showed that feeding of duckweed and VCO had significant (P0.05) effects on fertility, and hatchability of cemani’s hen. The feeding of duckweed 75% and VCO 10 ml/kg can be used as an alternative to improve performance and nutritional intake of cemani’s hen.

Parakeets (Melopsittacus undulates) are classified parrot order Psittaciformes. Parakeets are monomorphic birds whose sex is difficult to be distinguished. Sex identification is very important for breeding efforts in order to increase the parakeet population. External morphology was determined to identify the sex of the birds. This research was conducted to determine the sex of parakeets (male and female). This study used five male and five female parakeets aged 4 months as the study objects. This study used the quantitative and qualitative method. Results of this study was verified by performing surgery to determine the sex of parakeet based on their reproductive organs. The t-test results of morphometric characteristics showed no significant different in the length of body, upper bill, lower bill, wing, tail, femur, tibial-tarsus, tarsometatarsus and digits as well as the body weight between male and female parakeets. The color of the cere was useful to accurately determine sex in parakeets (blue in males and white in females). This research provided information to the public about the differences between male and female parakeets for the selection of good broodstock in order to increase their population in captivity.

The leaves of insulin (Tithonia diversifolia (Hemsl.) A. Gray) are native bush plants from Central America. This plant in Indonesia is often called paitan or kembang bulan. The aim of this research was to know the profile of SGPT and SGOT of male white rat (Rattus norvegicus L.) hyperglycemic after giving insulin leaf extract (Tithonia diversifolia (Hemsl.) A. Gray). This study used 20 male Wistar rats which were divided randomly into 5 groups of treatment. Those were P0 as a group of rats which was not given alloxan and insulin leaf extract, P1 as a group of rats which was given alloxan without insulin leaf extract, P2 as a group of rats which was given alloxan and glibenclamide 2 mg/Body Weight (BW)/day, P3 as a group of rats which was given alloxan and insulin leaf extract 30 mg/BW/day, P4 as a group of rats which was given alloxan and insulin leaf extract 60 mg/BW/day. Each treatment was repeated as many as 4 replications. The results of this study indicated that there was no significant differences in all variables, namely levels of SGPT, SGOT, liver weight, body weight and Hepatosomatic index (HSI), so it can be concluded that giving insulin leaf extract (Tithonia diversifolia (Hemsl.) A. Gray) of 30 mg/BW/day and 60 mg/BW/day could improve liver function of hyperglycemic male white rats (R. norvegicus L.).

Studi perilaku dan analisis status darah celepuk jawa (Otus angelinae) dengan pemberian serbuk kunyit merupakan langkah awal dalam usaha penangkaran. Empat ekor Otus angelinae betina dan 4 ekor jantan dengan bobot 9 g. Otus angelinae, masing-masing dibagi dalam 4 kelompok, yaitu kelompok K0: Otus angelinae betina kontrol, K1: : Otus angelinae jantan kontrol, P0 : Otus angelinae betina yang diberi suplemen serbuk kunyit 108 mg/ekor/ hari yang dicampur dalam pakan, P1 : Otus angelinae jantan yang diberi suplemen serbuk kunyit 108 mg/ekor/ hari yang dicampur dalam pakan Diamati perilaku dan kondisi fisiologis dengan menganalisis komponen kimia darah yaitu kadar hemoglobin, jumlah eritrosit, jumlah leukosit, pH darah, deferensial leukosit meliputi jumlah sel neutrofil, eosinofil, basofil, limfosit dan monosit, kadar kolesterol LDL,HDL, trigliserida, glukosa darah, SGPT,SGOT yang diambil pada akhir perlakuan. Dilakukan analisis deskriptif terhadap perilaku dan kondisi fisilogis Otus angelinae. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan pemberian suplemen serbuk kunyit tidak mempengaruhi perilaku celepuk jawa. Perbedaan perilaku terjadi pada siang dan malam hari selama dalam kandang. Perilaku siang hari: banyak istirahat, tidak nafsu makan, sangat waspada terhadap gangguan, sedangkan perilaku pada malam hari sangat agresif, makan lebih aktif. Pemberian serbuk kunyit dapat mempertahankan status fsiologis normal Otus angelinae jantan maupun betina.

Red fruit oil (Pandanus conoideus Lam) contains active substances in the form of alpha-tocopherol, beta-carotene and unsaturated fatty acids that can potentially be antioxidants. This study aims to examine the effect of red fruit oil (Pandanus conoideus) on the development of ovarian follicles of rat exposed to cigarette smoke, (in increasing the number of primary follicles, secondary follicles, tertiary follicles and ovarian weight). This study used Completely Randomized Design with 20 female rats (3 months old) divided into 4 treatment groups: P0 (Positive control), P1 (negative control of exposure to cigarette smoke for 8 days), P2 (exposure to cigarette smoke for 8 days + 0.1 ml red fruit oil) and P3 (exposure of cigarette smoke for 8 days + 0.2 ml red fruit oil) with 5 time repetition and 28 days red fruit treatment for the research parameters were the number of primary follicles, secondary follicles, tertiary follicles and ovarian weight. The data obtained were analyzed using one-way ANOVA with 95% confidence level (P < 0.05). The results showed that the administration of red fruit oil at doses of 0.1 ml and 0.2 ml was not significantly affecting (P > 0.05) the number of primary follicles, secondary follicles, tertiary follicles and ovarian weight, so it can be conclusion that the administration of red fruit oil at a dose of 0.1 ml and 0.2 ml cannot increase the number of primary follicles, secondary follicles, tertiary follicles and ovarian weight in rat exposed to cigarette smoke.

Hematological and chemical status of blood in livestock can be used to diagnose the disruption of the hematologic system as well as help to diagnose many organ and systemic diseases. This study aimed to determine the hematology and blood chemistry status of various types of most frequently consumed ruminants in community. Types of ruminants used were cattle, goats and buffaloes. The research design was Completely Randomized Design (RAL) with 3 treatments on 3 types of male ruminants at slaughter age. Each treatment consisted of 3 times repetition. The animals used came from slaughterhouses in Kudus (cattle and buffaloes) and Semarang (goats). Observations of hematology and blood chemistry parameters were conducted on blood samples taken in the morning (at 03.00 a.m.). The parameters measured were the number of erythrocytes, hemoglobin (Hb) content, number of leukocyte and blood chemistry consisted of HDL and LDL cholesterol. The data obtained were analyzed by ANOVA and followed by Duncan test. The results showed that the highest number of erythrocytes and hemoglobin content was found in goats, whereas the highest LDL content was found in cattle. It can be concluded that goat has the best hematological status compared to cattle and buffalo.

Free radicals in cigarette smoke may interfere the balanced of body molecules and cause the damage of hepatic cells. This issues may be prevented by using red fruit oil (Pandanus conoideus L) due to its antioxidant content. This study aimed to evaluate the structure and physiological conditions of liver when the red fruit oil given to the rat that exposed by cigarette smoke. This study carried out for 35 days with female white rats as the sample. The samples were 20 female white rats divided into four groups: P0 (negative control), P1 (positive control), P2 (exposed by cigarette smoke with administration of red fruit oil 0,1 ml/BB), P3 (exposed by cigarette smoke with administration of red fruit oil 0,2 ml/weight). The data of ALT, AST, cell diameter, and hepatic weight were analyzed by using analysis of variants (ANOVA). The results showed that administration of red fruit oil containing antioxidants can reduce levels of ALT, AST, hepatocyte diameter, and increase liver weight, although the difference is not significant compared to the control group and does not affect the eating and drinking behavior so as not to affect the body's metabolism. The conclusion of red fruit oil can reduce ALT, AST, hepatocyte diameter and increase hepatic weight due to exposure to cigarette smoke, although the difference is not significant to the control group, and does not affect the eating and drinking behavior, so good for consumption because it gives a beneficial effect on health liver organ.

Galela Lake is the largest lake in the Halmahera Utara Regency, North Maluku Province, Indonesia, and is used for domestic water supply, irrigation, aquaculture, and tourism. However, its catchment has been cleared and developed for intensive agriculture. Therefore, there is a need to examine the land-use changes impacting the riparian vegetation of Galela Lake to establish a basis for the development of lake management plans. Research has been conducted at four research sites within the forest (Site I), farmland (Site II), a tourism area (Site III), and near the river inlet (Site IV). In each site, the riparian vegetation was surveyed from the lake banks to 500 m into the neighboring terrestrial habitat. Evidence for changes in the spatial distribution of land-use types in the vicinity of Galela Lake in 2002, 2015, and 2019 were obtained from Landsat images. Galela Lake (302.05 Ha) is exposed to various kinds of human use. During 2002–2019, barren land had been converted into build-up land, and much of the water body of the lake was converted into a riparian zone through the pressures of population growth. Ten of 89 plant species observed within the riparian vegetation around Galela Lake are included in The International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources (IUCN) Red List threatened species 2010. Coconut (Cocos nucifera), sugar palm (Arenga pinnata), fig (Ficus variegata), nutmeg (Myristica fragrans), and mango (Mangifera indica) were found to be the most important riparian trees. The second generation stands of riparian vegetation (pole and sapling strata) of several species exhibit potential as conservation plants for land and aquatic ecosystems, such as guest tree (Kleinhovia hospita), bamboo (Bambusa vulgaris), the figs (Ficus septica and F. variegata), and sugar palm (A. pinnata).

People’s concern about quail egg consumption has triggered the efforts to produce quail eggs with low cholesterol content by using organic feed. Organic feed is one type of feed rations made of mixing organic material. In this study, standard organic feed (rice bran, yellow corn, soybean, and fishmeal) and organic feed containing mackerel, cassava leaves, and turmeric powder was administere to female japanese quail. Organic feed containing mackerel, cassava leaves, and turmeric powder can affect the Japanese quail (Coturnix coturnix japonica L.) lipid profile. This research used experimental methods. Twenty-seven female Japanese quails were divided into 3 treatment groups (PO: commercial feed, P1: standard organic feed, P2: feed containing organic turmeric powder, cassava leaves, and mackerel) for 145 days with 9 repeat. Data obtained were in the form of average daily feed intake and blood lipid profiles of each treatment group. Further data analysis was performed by analysis of variance (ANOVA) followed by Duncan test. The results showed that administration of organic feed containing mackerel, cassava leaves, and turmeric powder can reduce the levels of cholesterol, triglycerides, and LDL but increase the HDL levels in Japanese quail. Supplementation of turmeric powder improve the chemical quality of Japanese quail eggs, so it is good for the development of quail embryos as well as for consumption. It can be concluded that organic feed and turmeric powder supplementation stabilize blood lipid profile and improve the reproduction of Japanese quail egg low cholesterol, so good for the development of embryo quail and for consumption.

Telur puyuh mempunyai kandungan kolesterol yang tinggi. Resiko mengkonsumsi makanan dengan kandungan kolesterol tinggi sudah diketahui oleh masyarakat. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui potensi mikromineral (Fe, Co, Cu, Zn), vitamin (A, B1, B12, C) dan jus mengkudu dalam rangka pemeliharaan untuk meningkatkan karakteristik kualitas kimiawi melalui kadar kolesterol dan trigliserida pada telur puyuh. Hewan coba yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah puyuh Jepang (Coturnix coturnix japonica L.) dengan jumlah 60 ekor puyuh betina umur 2 minggu. Penambahan mikromineral, vitamin dan jus mengkudu pada air minum yang diberikan secara ad libitum. Puyuh dibagi menjadi 4 kelompok percobaan dengan 5 ulangan masing-masing perlakuan terdiri dari 3 ekor puyuh, yaitu kontrol (P0), mikromineral dan vitamin (P1), jus mengkudu (P2), dan campuran ketiganya (P3). Data yang diperoleh diolah menggunakan Analysis of Varian (ANOVA) dengan dasar rancangan acak lengkap. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pemberian larutan mikromineral, vitamin dan jus mengkudu mampu menurunkan kadar kolesterol dan trigliserida telur puyuh secara nyata. Kata Kunci: telur puyuh, mikromineral, vitamin, mengkudu

Diabetes mellitus is a degenerative disease with high risk. This disease can be caused by an increase in free radicals in the body. Free radicals in the body can be detected by testing malondialdehyde levels. The increase in free radicals can cause damage to the pancreatic islet Langerhans so that insulin ability is reduced. The reduced ability of insulin causes hyperglycemic conditions, which are the first symptoms of DM. The use of medicinal plants is widely used by the community as an alternative treatment for this disease. The insulin leaf plant (Tithonia diversifolia) is empirically used by the public as an antihyperglycemic drug. The aim of this study was to examine the ability of insulin and glibenclamide leaf extracts to reduce the level of free radicals in hyperglycemic conditions and to describe their ability to repair Langerhans islets damaged by toxic substances so that the blood glucose levels of hyperglycemic rats could return to normal. Hyperglycemic rats were obtained by injecting alloxan monohydrate at a dose of 150 mg/ BW of rats into male Rattus norvegicus intraperitoneally. This study used a completely randomized design (CRD), with four treatments with five replications each, namely group P1 as control mice, group P2 as hyperglycemic rats given 10 mg/ BW dose of glibenclamide/day, group P3 as hyperglycemic rats. who were given insulin leaf extract at a dose of 150 mg/ BW rats /day and group P4 as hyperglycemic rats who were given insulin leaf extract at a dose of 300 mg/ BW rats /day. The results showed that the administration of insulin leaf extract at a dose of 300 mg/ BW for rats/day was able to make blood glucose levels significantly different, but the malondialdehyde levels were not significantly different than control rats. In addition, administration of insulin leaf extract at a dose of 300 mg/ BW rats/day to hyperglycemic rats was also able to improve the condition of the Langerhans pancreatic islet towards conditions like control rats. The improvement in the condition of Langerhans pancreatic islet is indicated by the cell nucleus that is colored dark blue with more regular shapes.

The experiment was conducted to determine the effect of turmeric powder supplementation to the age of sexual maturity, physical, and chemical quality of the first Japanese quail’s (Coturnix japonica) egg. Forty five quails were assigned into a completely randomized design with three treatments (levels of turmeric powder, i.e., 0; 54; and 108 mg/quail/day) and each treatment used 15 quails. Turmeric powder supplementation was conducted before sexual maturity. Feed and drinking water provided ad libitum. Observed egg is an egg that was first produced. Parameters measured were the age of sexual maturity, feed intake, body weight, physical qualities which include: weight of egg, long axis, short axis, weight and thickness of shell, yolk index, Haugh unit, egg shell index. Whereas the observed chemical quality were cholesterol, HDL, LDL, protein, vitamin B12, vitamin A in eggs and egg shell calcium levels. The results showed that administration of turmeric powder can accelerate the age of maturity, increasing the levels of protein, HDL, vitamin A and B12 in eggs, decreasing the cholesterol and LDL content in eggs, but did not affect feed intake, physical quality of eggs and egg shell calcium levels. Based on the results of this study, it can be concluded that supplementation of turmeric powder improve the chemical quality of Japanese quail eggs (Coturnix japonica), so it is good for the development of quail embryos as well as for consumption.How to CiteSaraswati, T. R., & Tana, S. (2016). Effect of Turmeric Powder Supplementation To The Age of Sexual Maturity, Physical, and Chemical Quality of The First Japanese Quail’s (Coturnix japonica) Egg. Biosaintifika: Journal of Biology & Biology Education, 8(1), 18-24.