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Children become one of susceptible groups who get the risks during pandemic period. The risks can be the threat of exposure up to losing their parents who passed away because of Covid-19. The children who lose their parents due to Covid-19 are susceptible to have the problems of health, economy, education guarantee, violence, and other human rights violations. They need social protection to help their growth and development into adulthood. The purpose of this writing is to describe the social condition and the problems of children who become the Covid-19 pandemic victims. They are fatherless kids, motherless children, or orphans whose parents passed away because of Covid-19. This research uses a quantitative research method (survey). The research data are taken by using questionnaires. The samples of this research are 124 or 32% of the children’s total number in Purbalingga Regency whose parents passed away due to Covid-19. The data are presented by using a frequency distributive table. The results show that most of the children are from the lower middle class family. After their parents passed away, the social economy condition of their family gets worse. It causes those children to face economic issues, so they are not able to pay their school fee. Therefore, there must be a social protection for them so that their rights as children are fulfilled.

Kemiskinan menjadi permasalahan global, nasional bahkan lokal menjadi rumit saat kemiskinan merambah ranah ketimpangan gender. Kemiskinan yang dimaksud adalah feminisasi kemiskinan yakni kemiskinan milik perempuan bukan laki-laki. Tidak mengherankan jika banyak program penanggulangan kemiskinan menempatkan perempuan menjadi penerima manfaat program. Salah satu program penanggulangan kemiskinan yang dikaji adalah Program Keluarga Harapan (PKH). Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui upaya meningkatkan pemberdayaan perempuan penerima manfaat melalui bantuan sosial PKH. Metode penelitian ini adalah kualitatif deskriptif dengan pendekatan fenomenologi, pengumpulan data wawancara mendalam dan FGD serta metode analisis interaktif dan analisis gender Longwe. Penelitian dilaksanakan di Kecamatan Lumbir Kabupaten Banyumas. Penelitian ini menyimpulkan upaya perempuan penerima manfaat meningkatkan pemberdayaan dengan cara yang unik yaitu menjadi perempuan yang kanggoan (kanggo: berguna). Makna kanggoan mereka yakini apabila sudah berguna di lingkungan masyarakatnya. Artinya mereka ingin meningkatkan kesadaran bantuan sosial yang diterima seyogyanya untuk peningkatan perempuan dalam partisipasi di masyarakat, meningkatkan ekonomi Kelompok Usaha Bersama (Kube) dan peningkatan peranan perempuan dalam keluarga. Implikasi dari penelitian ini adalah pemerintah seharusnya membuat penanggulangan kemiskinan melalui bantuan sosial yang partisipatif, responsif gender dan sustainable yaitu berupa penguatan-penguatan pada elemen pemberdayaan untuk individu (perempuan), keluarga, kelembagaan (kelompok perempuan) dan masyarakat.

The number of Indonesian Migrant Workers (IMWs) in Malaysia is at the highest compared to other countries. Most IMWs in the states of Sabah and Sarawak are illegal migrants though they have lived in Malaysia for decades, some for up to three generations. Thus, many of their children have also been born and raised in Malaysia. There is a serious problem regarding the education of their children. The Malaysian government does not acknowledge this because the children are not citizens. The Indonesian government is also very limited in its ability to facilitate aid to these children because there are over 50 thousand of them. This article aimed to determine whether non-governmental organizations (NGOs) are concerned and what their role is in helping to overcome the education problems of IMWs children, especially those in the Sabah region of Malaysia. The method used in this study is qualitative. Data collection by interview method, focus group discussion offline and online via zoom, and documentation. Data analysis was carried out interactively. The results indicate that NGOs play a significant role in the education of IMW’s children. There are 2 NGOs play a role: the first NGO, Humana, at the elementary school level in Sabah, Malaysia. Humana NGO resources are various stakeholders in Sabah Malaysia. Second, the NGO Sabah Bridge plays a part from junior high school level education to Senior high school level. The NGO Sabah Bridge’s resources are teachers sent from Indonesia to Malaysia and former teachers who have returned to Indonesia. Keywords: Non-governmental organizations, children, education, Sabah

The undocumented children of Indonesian migrant workers born and raised in Sabah have an identity problem. This is due to the absence of documents and the values, culture, customs, and experiences acquired in the receiving country. Furthermore, an emotional and physical link to the recipient country is built, which causes neglect towards their original identity. The Indonesian Government enacted a policy to revive the identity of undocumented children through the provision of repatriation scholarships. This study aimed to determine the influence of scholarships on the re-emergence of Indonesian identity. It involved a mixed method that combines quantitative and qualitative. Data collection techniques used were questionnaires, interviews, and FGD. The results showed that repatriation scholarships foster the identity of migrant workers’ children as Indonesians. Keywords: identity, scholarships, undocumented children

COVID-19 has affected Indonesia in the health aspect and social, economic, and human rights, especially for vulnerable groups. The pandemic also multiplied the injustice experienced by women, children, persons with disabilities, and the elderly. Hundreds of thousands of Indonesians died, experienced by not only the elderly, the most vulnerable group, but also the productive age population. Children have to face two kinds of threats at once, the threat of COVID-19 exposure and the potential of losing their parents. Abandoned forever by their father, mother, or both parents due to exposure to COVID-19, causing many children to be orphaned. According to the data of the Indonesian COVID-19 Handling Task Force, on July 20, 2021, 11,045 children were orphaned. Another data informed that the number of children exposed to COVID-19 was 350,000 children, and 777 children of that died. There are two main purposes of the study to answer the research problem. First, to identify the problems of children as the victims of the COVID-19 pandemic in Indonesia. Second, to map out the policies and stakeholders which are able to provide protection for children as the victims of the COVID-19 pandemic in Indonesia. The results of the study showed that various ministries and national governments have had certain policies to protect children as victims of the COVID-19 pandemic. Still, these policies have not integrated with each other and have not been implemented optimally in the regions.

Within social structure inside society, there is a group called the elite group consists of small number of people who are at the top of the stratum of the community. The group has a big role in various activities in the community. Banyumas is one of the regencies that receive a Productive Migrant Village Program (PMVP) whose implementation is related to the group of village elite. The purpose of this paper is to show how the role of the village elite in the village community empowerment, especially in the implementation of the programs. The method of the research is a critical qualitative research method. The data are obtained by interview, observation, and documentation. An analysis of the study was conducted interactively. The results of the study are; 1) The implementation of the programs are driven by village elites, 2) village political elites are responsible for the success since the beginning of the program, 3) political elites and economic elites ally in the implementation of the productive migrant village program. Such pattern of village elite alliances can be used as a useful model for the success of development programs or the empowerment of rural communities, not only in the programs, but also in other community empowerment programs.

This study explains empowering Indonesian Migrant Workers (IMW) through Productive Migrant Village Programs (PMVP) in the Banyumas Regency. PMVP is a program of the Ministry of Manpower of the Republic of Indonesia held since 2016. The program aims are to empower, improve services and protection for IMWs starting from the village. The paradigm of the study is a constructivist paradigm by using a critical model. The research method used is a qualitative method with a phenomenological approach, which explores data to get the meaning of the basic and essential things of the empirical phenomena experienced by the research subject. The results of the research are 1). In providing information about the process of migrant workers faced with challenges from recruitment agencies/recruitment companies (Private Indonesian Migrant Worker Placement Agency). 2). In the stage of the production process, there are obstacles that the equipment provided by the Ministry cannot use. 3). The care of children of migrant workers is still individual only to their families. The community even still stigmatizes them as children who deserve problems since their parents abandoned them. 4). Late initiation of the migrant workers’ cooperatives. Procedures for establishing migrant workers cooperatives, mentoring, and guidance specifically related to migrant workers are needed.

Since 2017 Banyumas Regency has received a program from the Ministry of Manpower and Cooperatives to become a pilot program for productive migrant village programs. The village that was used as a pilot was Cihonje village, Gumelar district and Losari village, Rawalo district. The program has been determined that is to realize the four productive migrant village pillars which include; 1). Providing migration information and services, 2). Developing productive business, 3). Facilitate the establishment of community care and growth (community parenting), 4). Facilitating the establishment and development of cooperatives/financial institutions. The four programs have been strived to run quickly by the two pilot villages, with various tools being formed from personnel, software, and hardware. The implementation of productive migrant village program in Banyumas Regency is still not implemented on the four pillars. Productive business programs are the most desirable programs by both villages in implementing productive migrant village. On the contrary, cooperative formation programs are programs that have not been carried out. The information-giving program also includes programs that are not going well because there is resistance to the interests of private employment agencies that have been sending Indonesia migrant worker (IMW) so far. Community parenting programs are also classified as programs that are still not optimal because they do not involve the community as caregivers of IMW’s children. The positive expectations from the Cihonje village community and Losari village are also the initial capital for the success of the productive migrant village program. However, the success of the productive migrant village program remains with the government because this program is a top-down planning program. For that sustainability must be done if the program does not want to be just a memorable program as other projects over the years.

Banyumas is one of the large regency sending of Indonesian Migrant Workers (IMW) abroad, so it received a pilot project from the Ministry of Labor and Cooperatives namely the program of Productive Migrant Village (PMV). The productive business program is one of the four PMV programs. The former IMW was guided by the local government to create a program that combines the potential of human resources with the potential of the environment. The programs are: 1. making food from plantation products in the vicinity, namely food staples made from raw cassava. 2. Cultivation of rabbits whose meat is marketed to the market, 3. Planting California papaya and dragon fruit that looks fertile, fruitful and easily marketing. 4. Making tempe chips. Productive efforts like that considered to be a vehicle for the activities of former Indonesian migrant workers and their families. Such productive activities are in accordance with the potential of IMW as well as the potential of the environment. However, the result of the production business, which has been running for 2 years, there are obstacles in the aspect of human resources. For this reason, the government should provide assistance and guidance to get success in the program.

Environment and corruption are two very popular concepts in the last few decades. Both reflect on the negative side in society. Environmental issues are becoming popular because of many environmental problems that arise not only locally, regionally or nationally but also in the international level. Likewise, corruption is widely discussed and demonstrated especially in Indonesia since the reform era, 1998. The relationship between environment and corruption is more of a causal relationship, where the environment plays a role, while corruption is the cause. The form of corruption that causes environmental damage is; 1) granting permission from regional heads to entrepreneurs who are bribed, so that provisions in the licensing process are not considered properly; 2) corruption in the Amdal process, in which employers give bribes to the parties involved in the Amdal process; 3) corruption of illegal levies against entrepreneurs so that entrepreneurs make compensation calculations by way of externality of production costs to the environment, as a consequence of high costs borne by the entrepreneurs. Some examples of corruption cases show the corruption of a certain kind has made the environment a victim. The environmental aspect should be considered in the judicial process of corruption cases that have an impact on the environment, so the public's concern for the environment is getting stronger.

The high Number of Indonesian migrant workers (IMWs)workingin abroad, in facts, is not supported by adequate government protections. Due to BNP2TKI Crisis Center data of 2016, there are at least 27 thousand casesfaced by IMWs working in many countries all over the world. According to the research results conducted Wulan (2011), problems faced by IMWs in the destination countries, 80 percent of those come from villages. A village actually has strategic roles to becomes a foundation of safe migrations since villages arethe first exit doorsforpotential IMWs. The government negligence in protecting IMWs eventually results in village constructive fights to protect their people. IMWs protection is realized in migrant workers caring villages initiated by some villages such as inKuripan Wonosbo Central Java and Nyerot Lombok West Nusa Tenggara; Qualitative method is used in this research by having deep interviews, observation, andfocus group discussion with head of Desbumi’s village, village goverment.The results show that the existence of Desbumi can be a model of IMW’s protection from upstream to downstream and it means that the state present in the protection of IMWs.Keywords: Village, desbumi, protection, Indonesian Migrant WorkersABSTRAKTingginya jumlah Buruh Migran Indonesia (BMI) yang bekerja ke luar negeri, ternyata tidak diimbangi perlindungan yang memadai oleh negara. Pada tahun 2011-2016 berdasarkan data dari Crisis Center BNP2TKI, terdapat sedikitnya 27 ribu kasus yang menimpa BMI yang berada di berbagai negara. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian Ecosoc (2008), permasalahan yang dihadapi BMI di Negara tujuan, 80 persen sumbernya justru berasal dari desa. Desa sebenarnya memiliki peran yang sangat strategis untuk menjadi basis bermigrasi aman, karena desa adalah pintu keluar yang pertama bagi seorang calon BMI. Abainya pemerintah terhadap perlindungan BMI pada akhirnya justru melahirkan perlawanan-perlawanan yang konstruktif dari desa-desa untuk melindungi para warga mereka. Perlindungan terhadap BMI itu diwujudkan dalam desa peduli buruh migran (desbumi) yang diinisiasi beberapa desa, antara lain Desa Nyerot Lombok Nusa Tenggara Barat dan Desa Kuripan Wonosobo Jawa Tengah. Untuk itu peneilitian ini bertujuan mengidentifikasi dampak keberadaan Desbumi terhadap perlindungan BMI. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode kualitatif, dengan teknik pengumpulan data wawancara mendalam dan FGD terhadap kepala desa, pengurus desbumi serta tokoh masyarakat di Desa Kuripan Wonosobo Jawa Tengah dan desa Nyerot Lombok Nusa Tenggara Barat.Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa keberadaan desbumi mampu menjadi model perlindungan BMI dari hulu sampai hilir dan menjadikan negara hadir dalam perlindungan BMI.Kata kunci; Desa, desbumi, perlindungan, Buruh Migran Indonesia

Berdasarkan hasil penelitian, website milik Paguyuban SERUNI yaitu http ://www.seruni.or.id/ dan Seruni Banyumas (akun di facebook) adalah media yang digunakan oleh Paguyuban Seruni Banyumas untuk membantu permasalahan BMI yang sedang bekerja di luar negeri. Melalui media tersebut, Paguyuban Seruni telah menerima 15 kasus pengaduan BMI. Sebanyak 6 kasus telah ditangani dan sisanya masih dalam proses penanganan.Salah satu kendala yang dihadapi oleh Paguyuban SERUNI adalah masih sedikitnya sumberdaya manusia yang memiliki pengetahuan tentang hukum dan rendahnya kemampuan untuk melakukan pendampingan kasus. Hal ini berakibat pada kasus untuk para BMI yang sedang mengalami permasalahan tidak maksimal untuk didampingi. Berdasarkan hal tersebut, pengabdian ini bertujuan untuk meningkatkan kualitas dan kuantitas sumberdaya manusia melalui Pelatihan Paralegal untuk buruh migran di kabupaten banyumas.Pelatihan ini menggunaka metode penyuluhan dan praktik pendampingan kasus.Dari pelatihan ini, para buruh migran semakin percaya diri untuk menjadi paralegal dan mampu untuk melakukan pendampingan kasus-kasus buruh migran.Mereka berhasil membentuk sebuah divisi advokasi bernama Paralegal Banyumas. Kata kunci : Buruh Migran, Kasus, Paralegal, Pelatihan . ABSTRACT The Paguyuban Seruni’s website in http :// www.seruni.or.id/ and Seruni’s account on facebook are the tools that paguyuban Seruni used to help migrant worker’s problem who are having stay overseas. Through it, Paguyuban Seruni have accepted 15 cases, 6 cases solved but the rest is going to be solved. The research also found that one of obstacles why the cases is going to be solved is lack of the human resources who do not have enough knowledge about law and low skills in dealing with how to handle the case. Consequently, the cases had not been well-handled.Based on that background, this public service focused on improving the quality and quantity of human resources through The Training of Paralegal for Protection of Migrant Workers in Banyumas.The method is used teaching and practicing theories to solve the cases. After they finished the training, there are become braver and braver as a paralegal, moreover they can do help to solve migrant worker’s problems. They also succeeded to build an organization named Paralegal Banyumas. Keyword : Case, Paralegal, Migrant Worker, Training

Due to BNP2TKI ( Indonesian Workers Occupancy and Protection National Board) Crisis Center data of 2013, there are at least 13 thousand cases faced by IMWs working in many countries all over the world. According to Ecosoc (2007), problems faced by IMWs in the destination countries, 80 percent of those come from villages; also Wulan (2011), that Village leaders who do not have adequate knowledge on a safe migration frequently have no power to face PPTKIS (Indonesian Migrant Worker Recruitment and Placement Agencies ). A village actually has strategic roles to prevent trafficking and becomes a foundation of safe migrations since villages are the first exit doors for potential IMWs. The result showed that the head of village would have power through comprehending knowledge about safe migration procedure and requirement; Characteristics of law, culture and payment in placement country; as well as formulating Local Regulation

There are sudden shift in Indonesia village law in 2014. The villages that usually “forgotten”, now empowered fully by central government. Village organization have to make radical structural change in organization body, budget and accounting. This change will be analyses with qualitative approach using critical-postmodernism approach. Informants are village governments in Banyumas Region, Central Java, Indonesia. The analysis shows that there is hyperreality about village capacity, which the “flood" of the budget coming from higher government transfer fund not from village real income rises. Overall, the change in village organization is mostly about topdown not bottom-up like it used to be. If this change is not followed by capacity building for village people, the change only wasting money. Building villages’ website is one innovative way to gather public participation and also disseminate public information between village governments to village people.

Based on data from the National Agency for the Placement and Protection of Indonesian Workers (BNP2TKI), in 2013 there were about 6, 5 million Indonesian migrant workers (IMW) working in 142 countries around the world, and there are 6 countries which are the favorite host country destination namely Saudi Arabia, Malaysia, Singapore, Hong Kong, Taiwan and the United Arab Emirates. An increased number of IMW working abroad does not mean that they have good protection as well. In 2013 there were approximately 20 thousand cases affecting migrant workers such as job out of contract, underpayment, violence, sexual abuse, death penalty etc. Malaysia is the country which is considered as the most unsafe for IMW, on the contrary, Hong Kong is considered as the most secured and friendly host country for IMW. This study aims to identify policy differences between Malaysia and Hong Kong in treating IMW. The method used in this study is a qualitative method. Informants are migrant workers who are or have worked in Malaysia and Hong Kong. The results shows that Hong Kong has policy named ordinary employment listed in chapter 57 which contains clear and unequivocal rights and obligations of the IMW, meanwhile Malaysia does not have a labor policy that protects the IMW, they even treats IMW discriminatively. Keyword: Employment Policy, Indonesian Migrant Workers, Protection

Gerakan feminisme dan ekologi mempunyai tujuan yang saling memperkuat, keduanya hendak membangun pandangan terhadap dunia dan prakteknya yang tidak berdasarkan dominasi. Pada titik inilah kajian ekofeminisme sebagai relasi antara feminisme dan ekologi menjadi krusial dibahas. Untuk merunut hal tersebut, kajian ini mempertanyakan: 1. Bagaimana proses terjadinya reproduksi pengetahuan yang justru memposisikan perempuan (sebagai korban terbesar dalam kerusakan lingkungan) namun justru dituntut untuk bertanggungjawab terhadap kerusakan lingkungan; 2. Merunut akar gerakan dan tipologi ekofeminisme serta bagaimana formulasi ke depan atau gerakan ekofemisme seperti apakah yang mampu meminimalisir “unequal power relations” dalam reproduksi pengetahuan lingkungan? Hasil kajian menunjukkan bahwa reproduksi pengetahuan tidak pernah bebas nilai, namun selalu dikonstruksi oleh kelompok yang berkuasa, sehingga kajian feminisme pascakolonial menemukan relevansi untuk mendekonstruksi reproduksi pengetahuan bagi kelompok subordinat (lokal, miskin dan perempuan) di dunia ketiga. Terdapat beberapa pandangan dalam ekofeminisme. Aliran keras ekofeminisme (sosialis) menuduh bahwa laki-laki yang paling banyak berperan dalam merusak alam, apalagi bila dikaitkan dengan karakter maskulin dan budaya patriarki. Kaum feminis moderat (spiritualis) mengusulkan bahwa cara berelasi manusia dengan yang non manusia harus dikaji ulang. Pada titik ini penulis memilih ekofeminisme transformatif yang memberi “ruang berpikir" tempat perempuan dan laki-¬laki dari seluruh dunia dapat berkumpul untuk bergabung dan bertukar pandangan feminis yang beragam sekaligus ada semangat agar bekerja sama melawan patriarki kapitalis dan isme-isme destruktif lain. Pada titik ini ekofeminisme transformatif secara lebih kuat mampu menerangkan mengapa kesetaraan jender pada akhirnya bukan hanya menguntungkan kaum perempuan, tetapi juga kaum lelaki