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Additive Manufacturing (AM) techniques, particularly Fused Filament Fabrication (FFF), have revolutionized prototyping and low-volume production. Improving the tensile properties of FFF-printed parts is a primary objective to elevate their functional utility. This study aimed to investigate the effects of annealing time (ATM), annealing temperature (ATP), and nozzle diameter (ND) on the tensile strength (TS) of two commonly used printing materials: Polyethylene Terephthalate Glycol (PETG) and PETG reinforced with carbon fibre (PETG-CF). Samples with varying ND (0.4 mm, 0.6 mm, and 0.8 mm) underwent annealing at ATP of 80°C and 100°C for ATM of 60 min and 120 min, respectively. Subsequent tensile tests were meticulously conducted, and regression models were employed to comprehensively analyse the influence of these control factors on TS. The findings from the tensile tests on annealed specimens revealed substantial improvements in TS for both PETG and PETG-CF materials. Statistical analysis, Taguchi method (TM), and response surface methodology (RSM) indicated that ND exerted a more pronounced impact on TS compared to ATM and ATP. By identifying the optimal control factor combinations for each material, the study pinpointed that the best TS was achieved at 0.8 mm ND, 120 minutes ATM, and 100°C ATP for PETG-CF. The remarkable enhancement in tensile properties for annealed FFF-printed parts underscores the potential of PETG-CF to replace structural metallic components in critical applications within the automotive and aeronautical industries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Inflammation is an essential part of the body's cellular defence, triggered by pathogens, allergens, damaged cells, and toxic compounds. It signals the process of tissue repair and remodelling, typically causing redness, heat, swelling, pain, and loss of function. Conventional treatments for inflammatory conditions often have significant side effects. Conversely, herbal remedies are safer with fewer adverse effects. Based on traditional Ayurveda, these remedies offer a holistic approach to reduced inflammation. This review examines various phytoconstituents known for their anti-inflammatory properties and evaluates the effectiveness of herbal approaches in managing inflammation and aims to present herbal remedies as viable alternatives to conventional treatments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The objective of this study was to develop a novel approach to enhance the flexural strength of polymer composites used in the fabrication of prosthetic sockets. The effects of control factors such as nozzle hole diameter and internal filling pattern on the flexural behavior of three distinct composite materials were examined: poly lactic acid reinforced with carbon fiber (PLA‐CF), polyethylene terephthalate glycol reinforced with carbon fiber (PETG‐CF), and PLA reinforced with multi‐walled carbon nanotubes (PLA‐MWCNTs), fabricated through fused filament fabrication. During study, samples of each composite material were created using 3D printing technology and underwent flexural testing. Fractography was then performed on the samples, and statistical analysis techniques, including Taguchi's method and response surface methodology (RSM) were used to analyze the results. The study found that the flexural behavior of the prosthetic socket materials varied significantly based on the control factors used. Specifically, a nozzle hole diameter of 0.6 mm and a rectilinear internal filling pattern with PLA‐MWCNTs composite material had the highest flexural strength among the three materials tested. Through this study, the authors demonstrated the potential to improve the design and manufacture of prosthetic sockets, which can lead to better functionality and comfort for the user. The low‐cost transtibial prosthetic socket developed in this study using the optimized composite material and 3D printing technology shows promise as an application in the field of prosthetics. This research can pave the way for the development of even stronger and more durable prosthetic sockets in the future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Understanding and improving 3D printing process models are very important for designing building defect‐free 3D printers. Most studies have failed to present detailed process design and modeling of material extrusion (MatEx)‐based additive manufacturing (AM) in a systematic approach that considers all process parameters such as nozzle diameter, nozzle angle, and velocity. It is studied that the accuracy and consistency of a MatEx 3D fabricated product depend on the pressure drop across various nozzle zones. This paper identifies the constraints affecting the performance of the MatEx AM process and presents mathematical modeling related to various process parameters. Also, the paper shows expressions for pinch wheel feed mechanism, liquefier, and nozzle geometry of the MatEx process in terms of independent variables, such as liquefier temperature, nozzle geometry, and feed rate. This will be helpful in computing the precise design parameters of MatEx‐based 3D printers. The complex mathematical expressions developed are pivotal for the effective regulation of the 3D printing process. It not only provides new and better designs for MatEx machines with precise operation and better resolution but also opens the scope for further scientific development to expand the capability of proposed approach for both specific applications and the field. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Brain-related Neurodegenerative Disorders (NDD) are the leading cause of low life expectancy globally. Brain-targeted drug delivery is required for treating most the NDD via bypassing the blood-brain barrier, and hepatic first-pass metabolism. The nasal-brain drug delivery route has the advantage of locally enhancing drug delivery to the brain, mainly through the olfactory route rather than systemic circulation. To overcome the limitations of nasal-brain drug delivery, a nanocarrier approach and mucoadhesive polymers are needed. Notwithstanding these constraints, various nanotechnology techniques have been created, including polymeric micelles, liposomes, polymeric nanoparticles, solid lipid nanoparticles, & nano-emulsions. This review aims to explore the intranasal pathway for drug delivery through the nasal-brain lymphatic systems, considering brain anatomy and physiology along with a drug formulation design approach., (Copyright© Bentham Science Publishers; For any queries, please email at epub@benthamscience.net.)