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3. Shared heritability and functional enrichment across six solid cancers

Author

Jiang, X. (Xia), Finucane, H. K. (Hilary K.), Schumacher, F. R. (Fredrick R.), Schmit, S. L. (Stephanie L.), Tyrer, J. P. (Jonathan P.), Han, Y. (Younghun), Michailidou, K. (Kyriaki), Lesseur, C. (Corina), Kuchenbaecker, K. B. (Karoline B.), Dennis, J. (Joe), Conti, D. V. (David V.), Casey, G. (Graham), Gaudet, M. M. (Mia M.), Huyghe, J. R. (Jeroen R.), Albanes, D. (Demetrius), Aldrich, M. C. (Melinda C.), Andrew, A. S. (Angeline S.), Andrulis, I. L. (Irene L.), Anton-Culver, H. (Hoda), Antoniou, A. C. (Antonis C.), Antonenkova, N. N. (Natalia N.), Arnold, S. M. (Susanne M.), Aronson, K. J. (Kristan J.), Arun, B. K. (Banu K.), Bandera, E. V. (Elisa V.), Barkardottir, R. B. (Rosa B.), Barnes, D. R. (Daniel R.), Batra, J. (Jyotsna), Beckmann, M. W. (Matthias W.), Benitez, J. (Javier), Benlloch, S. (Sara), Berchuck, A. (Andrew), Berndt, S. I. (Sonja I.), Bickeboeller, H. (Heike), Bien, S. A. (Stephanie A.), Blomqvist, C. (Carl), Boccia, S. (Stefania), Bogdanova, N. V. (Natalia V.), Bojesen, S. E. (Stig E.), Bolla, M. K. (Manjeet K.), Brauch, H. (Hiltrud), Brenner, H. (Hermann), Brenton, J. D. (James D.), Brook, M. N. (Mark N.), Brunet, J. (Joan), Brunnstrom, H. (Hans), Buchanan, D. D. (Daniel D.), Burwinkel, B. (Barbara), Butzow, R. (Ralf), Cadoni, G. (Gabriella), Caldes, T. (Trinidad), Caligo, M. A. (Maria A.), Campbell, I. (Ian), Campbell, P. T. (Peter T.), Cancel-Tassin, G. (Geraldine), Cannon-Albright, L. (Lisa), Campa, D. (Daniele), Caporaso, N. (Neil), Carvalho, A. L. (Andre L.), Chan, A. T. (Andrew T.), Chang-Claude, J. (Jenny), Chanock, S. J. (Stephen J.), Chen, C. (Chu), Christiani, D. C. (David C.), Claes, K. B. (Kathleen B. M.), Claessens, F. (Frank), Clements, J. (Judith), Collee, J. M. (J. Margriet), Correa, M. C. (Marcia Cruz), Couch, F. J. (Fergus J.), Cox, A. (Angela), Cunningham, J. M. (Julie M.), Cybulski, C. (Cezary), Czene, K. (Kamila), Daly, M. B. (Mary B.), defazio, A. (Anna), Devilee, P. (Peter), Diez, O. (Orland), Gago-Dominguez, M. (Manuela), Donovan, J. L. (Jenny L.), Doerk, T. (Thilo), Duell, E. J. (Eric J.), Dunning, A. M. (Alison M.), Dwek, M. (Miriam), Eccles, D. M. (Diana M.), Edlund, C. K. (Christopher K.), Edwards, D. R. (Digna R. Velez), Ellberg, C. (Carolina), Evans, D. G. (D. Gareth), Fasching, P. A. (Peter A.), Ferris, R. L. (Robert L.), Liloglou, T. (Triantafillos), Figueiredo, J. C. (Jane C.), Fletcher, O. (Olivia), Fortner, R. T. (Renee T.), Fostira, F. (Florentia), Franceschi, S. (Silvia), Friedman, E. (Eitan), Gallinger, S. J. (Steven J.), Ganz, P. A. (Patricia A.), Garber, J. (Judy), Garcia-Saenz, J. A. (Jose A.), Gayther, S. A. (Simon A.), Giles, G. G. (Graham G.), Godwin, A. K. (Andrew K.), Goldberg, M. S. (Mark S.), Goldgar, D. E. (David E.), Goode, E. L. (Ellen L.), Goodman, M. T. (Marc T.), Goodman, G. (Gary), Grankvist, K. (Kjell), Greene, M. H. (Mark H.), Gronberg, H. (Henrik), Gronwald, J. (Jacek), Guenel, P. (Pascal), Hakansson, N. (Niclas), Hall, P. (Per), Hamann, U. (Ute), Hamdy, F. C. (Freddie C.), Hamilton, R. J. (Robert J.), Hampe, J. (Jochen), Haugen, A. (Aage), Heitz, F. (Florian), Herrero, R. (Rolando), Hillemanns, P. (Peter), Hoffmeister, M. (Michael), Hogdall, E. (Estrid), Hong, Y.-C. (Yun-Chul), Hopper, J. L. (John L.), Houlston, R. (Richard), Hulick, P. J. (Peter J.), Hunter, D. J. (David J.), Huntsman, D. G. (David G.), Idos, G. (Gregory), Imyanitov, E. N. (Evgeny N.), Ingles, S. A. (Sue Ann), Isaacs, C. (Claudine), Jakubowska, A. (Anna), James, P. (Paul), Jenkins, M. A. (Mark A.), Johansson, M. (Mattias), Johansson, M. (Mikael), John, E. M. (Esther M.), Joshi, A. D. (Amit D.), Kaneva, R. (Radka), Karlan, B. Y. (Beth Y.), Kelemen, L. E. (Linda E.), Kuhl, T. (Tabea), Khaw, K.-T. (Kay-Tee), Khusnutdinova, E. (Elza), Kibel, A. S. (Adam S.), Kiemeney, L. A. (Lambertus A.), Kim, J. (Jeri), Kjaer, S. K. (Susanne K.), Knight, J. A. (Julia A.), Kogevinas, M. (Manolis), Kote-Jarai, Z. (Zsofia), Koutros, S. (Stella), Kristensen, V. N. (Vessela N.), Kupryjanczyk, J. (Jolanta), Lacko, M. (Martin), Lam, S. (Stephan), Lambrechts, D. (Diether), Landi, M. T. (Maria Teresa), Lazarus, P. (Philip), Le, N. D. (Nhu D.), Lee, E. (Eunjung), Lejbkowicz, F. (Flavio), Lenz, H.-J. (Heinz-Josef), Leslie, G. (Goska), Lessel, D. (Davor), Lester, J. (Jenny), Levine, D. A. (Douglas A.), Li, L. (Li), Li, C. I. (Christopher I.), Lindblom, A. (Annika), Lindor, N. M. (Noralane M.), Liu, G. (Geoffrey), Loupakis, F. (Fotios), Lubinski, J. (Jan), Maehle, L. (Lovise), Maier, C. (Christiane), Mannermaa, A. (Arto), Le Marchand, L. (Loic), Margolin, S. (Sara), May, T. (Taymaa), McGuffog, L. (Lesley), Meindl, A. (Alfons), Middha, P. (Pooja), Miller, A. (Austin), Milne, R. L. (Roger L.), MacInnis, R. J. (Robert J.), Modugno, F. (Francesmary), Montagna, M. (Marco), Moreno, V. (Victor), Moysich, K. B. (Kirsten B.), Mucci, L. (Lorelei), Muir, K. (Kenneth), Mulligan, A. M. (Anna Marie), Nathanson, K. L. (Katherine L.), Neal, D. E. (David E.), Ness, A. R. (Andrew R.), Neuhausen, S. L. (Susan L.), Nevanlinna, H. (Heli), Newcomb, P. A. (Polly A.), Newcomb, L. F. (Lisa F.), Nielsen, F. C. (Finn Cilius), Nikitina-Zake, L. (Liene), Nordestgaard, B. G. (Borge G.), Nussbaum, R. L. (Robert L.), Offit, K. (Kenneth), Olah, E. (Edith), Al Olama, A. A. (Ali Amin), Olopade, O. I. (Olufunmilayo I.), Olshan, A. F. (Andrew F.), Olsson, H. (Hakan), Osorio, A. (Ana), Pandha, H. (Hardev), Park, J. Y. (Jong Y.), Pashayan, N. (Nora), Parsons, M. T. (Michael T.), Pejovic, T. (Tanja), Penney, K. L. (Kathryn L.), Peters, W. H. (Wilbert H. M.), Phelan, C. M. (Catherine M.), Phipps, A. I. (Amanda I.), Plaseska-Karanfilska, D. (Dijana), Pring, M. (Miranda), Prokofyeva, D. (Darya), Radice, P. (Paolo), Stefansson, K. (Kari), Ramus, S. J. (Susan J.), Raskin, L. (Leon), Rennert, G. (Gad), Rennert, H. S. (Hedy S.), van Rensburg, E. J. (Elizabeth J.), Riggan, M. J. (Marjorie J.), Risch, H. A. (Harvey A.), Risch, A. (Angela), Roobol, M. J. (Monique J.), Rosenstein, B. S. (Barry S.), Rossing, M. A. (Mary Anne), De Ruyck, K. (Kim), Saloustros, E. (Emmanouil), Sandler, D. P. (Dale P.), Sawyer, E. J. (Elinor J.), Schabath, M. B. (Matthew B.), Schleutker, J. (Johanna), Schmidt, M. K. (Marjanka K.), Setiawan, V. W. (V. Wendy), Shen, H. (Hongbing), Siegel, E. M. (Erin M.), Sieh, W. (Weiva), Singer, C. F. (Christian F.), Slattery, M. L. (Martha L.), Sorensen, K. D. (Karina Dalsgaard), Southey, M. C. (Melissa C.), Spurdle, A. B. (Amanda B.), Stanford, J. L. (Janet L.), Stevens, V. L. (Victoria L.), Stintzing, S. (Sebastian), Stone, J. (Jennifer), Sundfeldt, K. (Karin), Sutphen, R. (Rebecca), Swerdlow, A. J. (Anthony J.), Tajara, E. H. (Eloiza H.), Tangen, C. M. (Catherine M.), Tardon, A. (Adonina), Taylor, J. A. (Jack A.), Teare, M. D. (M. Dawn), Teixeira, M. R. (Manuel R.), Terry, M. B. (Mary Beth), Terry, K. L. (Kathryn L.), Thibodeau, S. N. (Stephen N.), Thomassen, M. (Mads), Bjorge, L. (Line), Tischkowitz, M. (Marc), Toland, A. E. (Amanda E.), Torres, D. (Diana), Townsend, P. A. (Paul A.), Travis, R. C. (Ruth C.), Tung, N. (Nadine), Tworoger, S. S. (Shelley S.), Ulrich, C. M. (Cornelia M.), Usmani, N. (Nawaid), Vachon, C. M. (Celine M.), Van Nieuwenhuysen, E. (Els), Vega, A. (Ana), Aguado-Barrera, M. E. (Miguel Elias), Wang, Q. (Qin), Webb, P. M. (Penelope M.), Weinberg, C. R. (Clarice R.), Weinstein, S. (Stephanie), Weissler, M. C. (Mark C.), Weitzel, J. N. (Jeffrey N.), West, C. M. (Catharine M. L.), White, E. (Emily), Whittemore, A. S. (Alice S.), Wichmann, H.-E. (H-Erich), Wiklund, F. (Fredrik), Winqvist, R. (Robert), Wolk, A. (Alicja), Woll, P. (Penella), Woods, M. (Michael), Wu, A. H. (Anna H.), Wu, X. (Xifeng), Yannoukakos, D. (Drakoulis), Zheng, W. (Wei), Zienolddiny, S. (Shanbeh), Ziogas, A. (Argyrios), Zorn, K. K. (Kristin K.), Lane, J. M. (Jacqueline M.), Saxena, R. (Richa), Thomas, D. (Duncan), Hung, R. J. (Rayjean J.), Diergaarde, B. (Brenda), Mckay, J. (James), Peters, U. (Ulrike), Hsu, L. (Li), Garcia-Closas, M. (Montserrat), Eeles, R. A. (Rosalind A.), Chenevix-Trench, G. (Georgia), Brennan, P. J. (Paul J.), Haiman, C. A. (Christopher A.), Simard, J. (Jacques), Easton, D. F. (Douglas F.), Gruber, S. B. (Stephen B.), Pharoah, P. D. (Paul D. P.), Price, A. L. (Alkes L.), Pasaniuc, B. (Bogdan), Amos, C. I. (Christopher I.), Kraft, P. (Peter), Lindstrom, S. (Sara), Jiang, X. (Xia), Finucane, H. K. (Hilary K.), Schumacher, F. R. (Fredrick R.), Schmit, S. L. (Stephanie L.), Tyrer, J. P. (Jonathan P.), Han, Y. (Younghun), Michailidou, K. (Kyriaki), Lesseur, C. (Corina), Kuchenbaecker, K. B. (Karoline B.), Dennis, J. (Joe), Conti, D. V. (David V.), Casey, G. (Graham), Gaudet, M. M. (Mia M.), Huyghe, J. R. (Jeroen R.), Albanes, D. (Demetrius), Aldrich, M. C. (Melinda C.), Andrew, A. S. (Angeline S.), Andrulis, I. L. (Irene L.), Anton-Culver, H. (Hoda), Antoniou, A. C. (Antonis C.), Antonenkova, N. N. (Natalia N.), Arnold, S. M. (Susanne M.), Aronson, K. J. (Kristan J.), Arun, B. K. (Banu K.), Bandera, E. V. (Elisa V.), Barkardottir, R. B. (Rosa B.), Barnes, D. R. (Daniel R.), Batra, J. (Jyotsna), Beckmann, M. W. (Matthias W.), Benitez, J. (Javier), Benlloch, S. (Sara), Berchuck, A. (Andrew), Berndt, S. I. (Sonja I.), Bickeboeller, H. (Heike), Bien, S. A. (Stephanie A.), Blomqvist, C. (Carl), Boccia, S. (Stefania), Bogdanova, N. V. (Natalia V.), Bojesen, S. E. (Stig E.), Bolla, M. K. (Manjeet K.), Brauch, H. (Hiltrud), Brenner, H. (Hermann), Brenton, J. D. (James D.), Brook, M. N. (Mark N.), Brunet, J. (Joan), Brunnstrom, H. (Hans), Buchanan, D. D. (Daniel D.), Burwinkel, B. (Barbara), Butzow, R. (Ralf), Cadoni, G. (Gabriella), Caldes, T. (Trinidad), Caligo, M. A. (Maria A.), Campbell, I. (Ian), Campbell, P. T. (Peter T.), Cancel-Tassin, G. (Geraldine), Cannon-Albright, L. (Lisa), Campa, D. (Daniele), Caporaso, N. (Neil), Carvalho, A. L. (Andre L.), Chan, A. T. (Andrew T.), Chang-Claude, J. (Jenny), Chanock, S. J. (Stephen J.), Chen, C. (Chu), Christiani, D. C. (David C.), Claes, K. B. (Kathleen B. M.), Claessens, F. (Frank), Clements, J. (Judith), Collee, J. M. (J. Margriet), Correa, M. C. (Marcia Cruz), Couch, F. J. (Fergus J.), Cox, A. (Angela), Cunningham, J. M. (Julie M.), Cybulski, C. (Cezary), Czene, K. (Kamila), Daly, M. B. (Mary B.), defazio, A. (Anna), Devilee, P. (Peter), Diez, O. (Orland), Gago-Dominguez, M. (Manuela), Donovan, J. L. (Jenny L.), Doerk, T. (Thilo), Duell, E. J. (Eric J.), Dunning, A. M. (Alison M.), Dwek, M. (Miriam), Eccles, D. M. (Diana M.), Edlund, C. K. (Christopher K.), Edwards, D. R. (Digna R. Velez), Ellberg, C. (Carolina), Evans, D. G. (D. Gareth), Fasching, P. A. (Peter A.), Ferris, R. L. (Robert L.), Liloglou, T. (Triantafillos), Figueiredo, J. C. (Jane C.), Fletcher, O. (Olivia), Fortner, R. T. (Renee T.), Fostira, F. (Florentia), Franceschi, S. (Silvia), Friedman, E. (Eitan), Gallinger, S. J. (Steven J.), Ganz, P. A. (Patricia A.), Garber, J. (Judy), Garcia-Saenz, J. A. (Jose A.), Gayther, S. A. (Simon A.), Giles, G. G. (Graham G.), Godwin, A. K. (Andrew K.), Goldberg, M. S. (Mark S.), Goldgar, D. E. (David E.), Goode, E. L. (Ellen L.), Goodman, M. T. (Marc T.), Goodman, G. (Gary), Grankvist, K. (Kjell), Greene, M. H. (Mark H.), Gronberg, H. (Henrik), Gronwald, J. (Jacek), Guenel, P. (Pascal), Hakansson, N. (Niclas), Hall, P. (Per), Hamann, U. (Ute), Hamdy, F. C. (Freddie C.), Hamilton, R. J. (Robert J.), Hampe, J. (Jochen), Haugen, A. (Aage), Heitz, F. (Florian), Herrero, R. (Rolando), Hillemanns, P. (Peter), Hoffmeister, M. (Michael), Hogdall, E. (Estrid), Hong, Y.-C. (Yun-Chul), Hopper, J. L. (John L.), Houlston, R. (Richard), Hulick, P. J. (Peter J.), Hunter, D. J. (David J.), Huntsman, D. G. (David G.), Idos, G. (Gregory), Imyanitov, E. N. (Evgeny N.), Ingles, S. A. (Sue Ann), Isaacs, C. (Claudine), Jakubowska, A. (Anna), James, P. (Paul), Jenkins, M. A. (Mark A.), Johansson, M. (Mattias), Johansson, M. (Mikael), John, E. M. (Esther M.), Joshi, A. D. (Amit D.), Kaneva, R. (Radka), Karlan, B. Y. (Beth Y.), Kelemen, L. E. (Linda E.), Kuhl, T. (Tabea), Khaw, K.-T. (Kay-Tee), Khusnutdinova, E. (Elza), Kibel, A. S. (Adam S.), Kiemeney, L. A. (Lambertus A.), Kim, J. (Jeri), Kjaer, S. K. (Susanne K.), Knight, J. A. (Julia A.), Kogevinas, M. (Manolis), Kote-Jarai, Z. (Zsofia), Koutros, S. (Stella), Kristensen, V. N. (Vessela N.), Kupryjanczyk, J. (Jolanta), Lacko, M. (Martin), Lam, S. (Stephan), Lambrechts, D. (Diether), Landi, M. T. (Maria Teresa), Lazarus, P. (Philip), Le, N. D. (Nhu D.), Lee, E. (Eunjung), Lejbkowicz, F. (Flavio), Lenz, H.-J. (Heinz-Josef), Leslie, G. (Goska), Lessel, D. (Davor), Lester, J. (Jenny), Levine, D. A. (Douglas A.), Li, L. (Li), Li, C. I. (Christopher I.), Lindblom, A. (Annika), Lindor, N. M. (Noralane M.), Liu, G. (Geoffrey), Loupakis, F. (Fotios), Lubinski, J. (Jan), Maehle, L. (Lovise), Maier, C. (Christiane), Mannermaa, A. (Arto), Le Marchand, L. (Loic), Margolin, S. (Sara), May, T. (Taymaa), McGuffog, L. (Lesley), Meindl, A. (Alfons), Middha, P. (Pooja), Miller, A. (Austin), Milne, R. L. (Roger L.), MacInnis, R. J. (Robert J.), Modugno, F. (Francesmary), Montagna, M. (Marco), Moreno, V. (Victor), Moysich, K. B. (Kirsten B.), Mucci, L. (Lorelei), Muir, K. (Kenneth), Mulligan, A. M. (Anna Marie), Nathanson, K. L. (Katherine L.), Neal, D. E. (David E.), Ness, A. R. (Andrew R.), Neuhausen, S. L. (Susan L.), Nevanlinna, H. (Heli), Newcomb, P. A. (Polly A.), Newcomb, L. F. (Lisa F.), Nielsen, F. C. (Finn Cilius), Nikitina-Zake, L. (Liene), Nordestgaard, B. G. (Borge G.), Nussbaum, R. L. (Robert L.), Offit, K. (Kenneth), Olah, E. (Edith), Al Olama, A. A. (Ali Amin), Olopade, O. I. (Olufunmilayo I.), Olshan, A. F. (Andrew F.), Olsson, H. (Hakan), Osorio, A. (Ana), Pandha, H. (Hardev), Park, J. Y. (Jong Y.), Pashayan, N. (Nora), Parsons, M. T. (Michael T.), Pejovic, T. (Tanja), Penney, K. L. (Kathryn L.), Peters, W. H. (Wilbert H. M.), Phelan, C. M. (Catherine M.), Phipps, A. I. (Amanda I.), Plaseska-Karanfilska, D. (Dijana), Pring, M. (Miranda), Prokofyeva, D. (Darya), Radice, P. (Paolo), Stefansson, K. (Kari), Ramus, S. J. (Susan J.), Raskin, L. (Leon), Rennert, G. (Gad), Rennert, H. S. (Hedy S.), van Rensburg, E. J. (Elizabeth J.), Riggan, M. J. (Marjorie J.), Risch, H. A. (Harvey A.), Risch, A. (Angela), Roobol, M. J. (Monique J.), Rosenstein, B. S. (Barry S.), Rossing, M. A. (Mary Anne), De Ruyck, K. (Kim), Saloustros, E. (Emmanouil), Sandler, D. P. (Dale P.), Sawyer, E. J. (Elinor J.), Schabath, M. B. (Matthew B.), Schleutker, J. (Johanna), Schmidt, M. K. (Marjanka K.), Setiawan, V. W. (V. Wendy), Shen, H. (Hongbing), Siegel, E. M. (Erin M.), Sieh, W. (Weiva), Singer, C. F. (Christian F.), Slattery, M. L. (Martha L.), Sorensen, K. D. (Karina Dalsgaard), Southey, M. C. (Melissa C.), Spurdle, A. B. (Amanda B.), Stanford, J. L. (Janet L.), Stevens, V. L. (Victoria L.), Stintzing, S. (Sebastian), Stone, J. (Jennifer), Sundfeldt, K. (Karin), Sutphen, R. (Rebecca), Swerdlow, A. J. (Anthony J.), Tajara, E. H. (Eloiza H.), Tangen, C. M. (Catherine M.), Tardon, A. (Adonina), Taylor, J. A. (Jack A.), Teare, M. D. (M. Dawn), Teixeira, M. R. (Manuel R.), Terry, M. B. (Mary Beth), Terry, K. L. (Kathryn L.), Thibodeau, S. N. (Stephen N.), Thomassen, M. (Mads), Bjorge, L. (Line), Tischkowitz, M. (Marc), Toland, A. E. (Amanda E.), Torres, D. (Diana), Townsend, P. A. (Paul A.), Travis, R. C. (Ruth C.), Tung, N. (Nadine), Tworoger, S. S. (Shelley S.), Ulrich, C. M. (Cornelia M.), Usmani, N. (Nawaid), Vachon, C. M. (Celine M.), Van Nieuwenhuysen, E. (Els), Vega, A. (Ana), Aguado-Barrera, M. E. (Miguel Elias), Wang, Q. (Qin), Webb, P. M. (Penelope M.), Weinberg, C. R. (Clarice R.), Weinstein, S. (Stephanie), Weissler, M. C. (Mark C.), Weitzel, J. N. (Jeffrey N.), West, C. M. (Catharine M. L.), White, E. (Emily), Whittemore, A. S. (Alice S.), Wichmann, H.-E. (H-Erich), Wiklund, F. (Fredrik), Winqvist, R. (Robert), Wolk, A. (Alicja), Woll, P. (Penella), Woods, M. (Michael), Wu, A. H. (Anna H.), Wu, X. (Xifeng), Yannoukakos, D. (Drakoulis), Zheng, W. (Wei), Zienolddiny, S. (Shanbeh), Ziogas, A. (Argyrios), Zorn, K. K. (Kristin K.), Lane, J. M. (Jacqueline M.), Saxena, R. (Richa), Thomas, D. (Duncan), Hung, R. J. (Rayjean J.), Diergaarde, B. (Brenda), Mckay, J. (James), Peters, U. (Ulrike), Hsu, L. (Li), Garcia-Closas, M. (Montserrat), Eeles, R. A. (Rosalind A.), Chenevix-Trench, G. (Georgia), Brennan, P. J. (Paul J.), Haiman, C. A. (Christopher A.), Simard, J. (Jacques), Easton, D. F. (Douglas F.), Gruber, S. B. (Stephen B.), Pharoah, P. D. (Paul D. P.), Price, A. L. (Alkes L.), Pasaniuc, B. (Bogdan), Amos, C. I. (Christopher I.), Kraft, P. (Peter), and Lindstrom, S. (Sara)

Abstract

Quantifying the genetic correlation between cancers can provide important insights into the mechanisms driving cancer etiology. Using genome-wide association study summary statistics across six cancer types based on a total of 296,215 cases and 301,319 controls of European ancestry, here we estimate the pair-wise genetic correlations between breast, colorectal, head/neck, lung, ovary and prostate cancer, and between cancers and 38 other diseases. We observed statistically significant genetic correlations between lung and head/neck cancer (rg = 0.57, p = 4.6 × 10−8), breast and ovarian cancer (rg = 0.24, p = 7 × 10−5), breast and lung cancer (rg = 0.18, p =1.5 × 10−6) and breast and colorectal cancer (rg = 0.15, p = 1.1 × 10−4). We also found that multiple cancers are genetically correlated with non-cancer traits including smoking, psychiatric diseases and metabolic characteristics. Functional enrichment analysis revealed a significant excess contribution of conserved and regulatory regions to cancer heritability. Our comprehensive analysis of cross-cancer heritability suggests that solid tumors arising across tissues share in part a common germline genetic basis.

Published
2019

4. Publisher Correction: Shared heritability and functional enrichment across six solid cancers (Nature Communications, (2019), 10, 1, (431), 10.1038/s41467-018-08054-4)

Author

Jiang, X., Finucane, H. K., Schumacher, F. R., Schmit, S. L., Tyrer, J. P., Han, Y., Michailidou, K., Lesseur, C., Kuchenbaecker, K. B., Dennis, J., Conti, D. V., Casey, G., Gaudet, M. M., Huyghe, J. R., Albanes, D., Aldrich, M. C., Andrew, A. S., Andrulis, I. L., Anton-Culver, H., Antoniou, A. C., Antonenkova, N. N., Arnold, S. M., Aronson, K. J., Arun, B. K., Bandera, E. V., Barkardottir, R. B., Barnes, D. R., Batra, J., Beckmann, M. W., Benitez, J., Benlloch, S., Berchuck, A., Berndt, S. I., Bickeboller, H., Bien, S. A., Blomqvist, C., Boccia, S., Bogdanova, N. V., Bojesen, S. E., Bolla, M. K., Brauch, H., Brenner, H., Brenton, J. D., Brook, M. N., Brunet, J., Brunnstrom, H., Buchanan, D. D., Burwinkel, B., Butzow, R., Cadoni, G., Caldes, T., Caligo, M. A., Campbell, I., Campbell, P. T., Cancel-Tassin, G., Cannon-Albright, L., Campa, D., Caporaso, N., Carvalho, A. L., Chan, A. T., Chang-Claude, J., Chanock, S. J., Chen, Chen, Christiani, D. C., Claes, K. B. M., Claessens, F., Clements, J., Collee, J. M., Correa, M. C., Couch, F. J., Cox, A., Cunningham, J. M., Cybulski, C., Czene, K., Daly, M. B., deFazio, A., Devilee, P., Diez, O., Gago-Dominguez, M., Donovan, J. L., Dork, T., Duell, E. J., Dunning, A. M., Dwek, M., Eccles, D. M., Edlund, C. K., Edwards, D. R. V., Ellberg, C., Evans, D. G., Fasching, P. A., Ferris, R. L., Liloglou, T., Figueiredo, J. C., Fletcher, O., Fortner, R. T., Fostira, F., Franceschi, S., Friedman, E., Gallinger, S. J., Ganz, P. A., Garber, J., Garcia-Saenz, J. A., Gayther, S. A., Giles, G. G., Godwin, A. K., Goldberg, M. S., Goldgar, D. E., Goode, E. L., Goodman, M. T., Goodman, G., Grankvist, K., Greene, M. H., Gronberg, H., Gronwald, J., Guenel, P., Hakansson, N., Hall, P., Hamann, U., Hamdy, F. C., Hamilton, R. J., Hampe, J., Haugen, A., Heitz, F., Herrero, R., Hillemanns, P., Hoffmeister, M., Hogdall, E., Hong, Y. -C., Hopper, J. L., Houlston, R., Hulick, P. J., Hunter, D. J., Huntsman, D. G., Idos, G., Imyanitov, E. N., Ingles, S. A., Isaacs, C., Jakubowska, A., James, P., Jenkins, M. A., Johansson, M., John, E. M., Joshi, A. D., Kaneva, R., Karlan, B. Y., Kelemen, L. E., Kuhl, T., Khaw, K. -T., Khusnutdinova, E., Kibel, A. S., Kiemeney, L. A., Kim, J., Kjaer, S. K., Knight, J. A., Kogevinas, M., Kote-Jarai, Z., Koutros, S., Kristensen, V. N., Kupryjanczyk, J., Lacko, M., Lam, S., Lambrechts, D., Landi, M. T., Lazarus, P., Le, N. D., Lee, E., Lejbkowicz, F., Lenz, H. -J., Leslie, G., Lessel, D., Lester, J., Levine, D. A., Li, L., Li, C. I., Lindblom, A., Lindor, N. M., Liu, G., Loupakis, F., Lubinski, J., Maehle, L., Maier, C., Mannermaa, A., Marchand, L. L., Margolin, S., May, T., McGuffog, L., Meindl, A., Middha, P., Miller, A., Milne, R. L., MacInnis, R. J., Modugno, F., Montagna, M., Moreno, V., Moysich, K. B., Mucci, L., Muir, K., Mulligan, A. M., Nathanson, K. L., Neal, D. E., Ness, A. R., Neuhausen, S. L., Nevanlinna, H., Newcomb, P. A., Newcomb, L. F., Nielsen, F. C., Nikitina-Zake, L., Nordestgaard, B. G., Nussbaum, R. L., Offit, K., Olah, E., Olama, A. A. A., Olopade, O. I., Olshan, A. F., Olsson, H., Osorio, A., Pandha, H., Park, J. Y., Pashayan, N., Parsons, M. T., Pejovic, T., Penney, K. L., Peters, W. H. M., Phelan, C. M., Phipps, A. I., Plaseska-Karanfilska, D., Pring, M., Prokofyeva, D., Radice, P., Stefansson, K., Ramus, S. J., Raskin, L., Rennert, G., Rennert, H. S., van Rensburg, E. J., Riggan, M. J., Risch, H. A., Risch, A., Roobol, M. J., Rosenstein, B. S., Rossing, M. A., De Ruyck, K., Saloustros, E., Sandler, D. P., Sawyer, E. J., Schabath, M. B., Schleutker, J., Schmidt, M. K., Setiawan, V. W., Shen, H., Siegel, E. M., Sieh, W., Singer, C. F., Slattery, M. L., Sorensen, K. D., Southey, M. C., Spurdle, A. B., Stanford, J. L., Stevens, V. L., Stintzing, S., Stone, J., Sundfeldt, K., Sutphen, R., Swerdlow, A. J., Tajara, E. H., Tangen, C. M., Tardon, A., Taylor, J. A., Teare, M. D., Teixeira, M. R., Terry, M. B., Terry, K. L., Thibodeau, S. N., Thomassen, M., Bjorge, L., Tischkowitz, M., Toland, A. E., Torres, D., Townsend, P. A., Travis, R. C., Tung, N., Tworoger, S. S., Ulrich, C. M., Usmani, N., Vachon, C. M., Van Nieuwenhuysen, E., Vega, A., Aguado-Barrera, M. E., Wang, Q., Webb, P. M., Weinberg, C. R., Weinstein, S., Weissler, M. C., Weitzel, J. N., West, C. M. L., White, E., Whittemore, A. S., Wichmann, H. -E., Wiklund, F., Winqvist, R., Wolk, A., Woll, P., Woods, M., Wu, A. H., Wu, X., Yannoukakos, D., Zheng, W., Zienolddiny, S., Ziogas, A., Zorn, K. K., Lane, J. M., Saxena, R., Thomas, D., Hung, R. J., Diergaarde, B., McKay, J., Peters, U., Hsu, L., Garcia-Closas, M., Eeles, R. A., Chenevix-Trench, G., Brennan, P. J., Haiman, C. A., Simard, J., Easton, D. F., Gruber, S. B., Pharoah, P. D. P., Price, A. L., Pasaniuc, B., Amos, C. I., Kraft, P., Lindstrom, S., Boccia S. (ORCID:0000-0002-1864-749X), Cadoni G. (ORCID:0000-0001-8244-784X), Chen C., Liu G., Wang Q., Jiang, X., Finucane, H. K., Schumacher, F. R., Schmit, S. L., Tyrer, J. P., Han, Y., Michailidou, K., Lesseur, C., Kuchenbaecker, K. B., Dennis, J., Conti, D. V., Casey, G., Gaudet, M. M., Huyghe, J. R., Albanes, D., Aldrich, M. C., Andrew, A. S., Andrulis, I. L., Anton-Culver, H., Antoniou, A. C., Antonenkova, N. N., Arnold, S. M., Aronson, K. J., Arun, B. K., Bandera, E. V., Barkardottir, R. B., Barnes, D. R., Batra, J., Beckmann, M. W., Benitez, J., Benlloch, S., Berchuck, A., Berndt, S. I., Bickeboller, H., Bien, S. A., Blomqvist, C., Boccia, S., Bogdanova, N. V., Bojesen, S. E., Bolla, M. K., Brauch, H., Brenner, H., Brenton, J. D., Brook, M. N., Brunet, J., Brunnstrom, H., Buchanan, D. D., Burwinkel, B., Butzow, R., Cadoni, G., Caldes, T., Caligo, M. A., Campbell, I., Campbell, P. T., Cancel-Tassin, G., Cannon-Albright, L., Campa, D., Caporaso, N., Carvalho, A. L., Chan, A. T., Chang-Claude, J., Chanock, S. J., Chen, Chen, Christiani, D. C., Claes, K. B. M., Claessens, F., Clements, J., Collee, J. M., Correa, M. C., Couch, F. J., Cox, A., Cunningham, J. M., Cybulski, C., Czene, K., Daly, M. B., deFazio, A., Devilee, P., Diez, O., Gago-Dominguez, M., Donovan, J. L., Dork, T., Duell, E. J., Dunning, A. M., Dwek, M., Eccles, D. M., Edlund, C. K., Edwards, D. R. V., Ellberg, C., Evans, D. G., Fasching, P. A., Ferris, R. L., Liloglou, T., Figueiredo, J. C., Fletcher, O., Fortner, R. T., Fostira, F., Franceschi, S., Friedman, E., Gallinger, S. J., Ganz, P. A., Garber, J., Garcia-Saenz, J. A., Gayther, S. A., Giles, G. G., Godwin, A. K., Goldberg, M. S., Goldgar, D. E., Goode, E. L., Goodman, M. T., Goodman, G., Grankvist, K., Greene, M. H., Gronberg, H., Gronwald, J., Guenel, P., Hakansson, N., Hall, P., Hamann, U., Hamdy, F. C., Hamilton, R. J., Hampe, J., Haugen, A., Heitz, F., Herrero, R., Hillemanns, P., Hoffmeister, M., Hogdall, E., Hong, Y. -C., Hopper, J. L., Houlston, R., Hulick, P. J., Hunter, D. J., Huntsman, D. G., Idos, G., Imyanitov, E. N., Ingles, S. A., Isaacs, C., Jakubowska, A., James, P., Jenkins, M. A., Johansson, M., John, E. M., Joshi, A. D., Kaneva, R., Karlan, B. Y., Kelemen, L. E., Kuhl, T., Khaw, K. -T., Khusnutdinova, E., Kibel, A. S., Kiemeney, L. A., Kim, J., Kjaer, S. K., Knight, J. A., Kogevinas, M., Kote-Jarai, Z., Koutros, S., Kristensen, V. N., Kupryjanczyk, J., Lacko, M., Lam, S., Lambrechts, D., Landi, M. T., Lazarus, P., Le, N. D., Lee, E., Lejbkowicz, F., Lenz, H. -J., Leslie, G., Lessel, D., Lester, J., Levine, D. A., Li, L., Li, C. I., Lindblom, A., Lindor, N. M., Liu, G., Loupakis, F., Lubinski, J., Maehle, L., Maier, C., Mannermaa, A., Marchand, L. L., Margolin, S., May, T., McGuffog, L., Meindl, A., Middha, P., Miller, A., Milne, R. L., MacInnis, R. J., Modugno, F., Montagna, M., Moreno, V., Moysich, K. B., Mucci, L., Muir, K., Mulligan, A. M., Nathanson, K. L., Neal, D. E., Ness, A. R., Neuhausen, S. L., Nevanlinna, H., Newcomb, P. A., Newcomb, L. F., Nielsen, F. C., Nikitina-Zake, L., Nordestgaard, B. G., Nussbaum, R. L., Offit, K., Olah, E., Olama, A. A. A., Olopade, O. I., Olshan, A. F., Olsson, H., Osorio, A., Pandha, H., Park, J. Y., Pashayan, N., Parsons, M. T., Pejovic, T., Penney, K. L., Peters, W. H. M., Phelan, C. M., Phipps, A. I., Plaseska-Karanfilska, D., Pring, M., Prokofyeva, D., Radice, P., Stefansson, K., Ramus, S. J., Raskin, L., Rennert, G., Rennert, H. S., van Rensburg, E. J., Riggan, M. J., Risch, H. A., Risch, A., Roobol, M. J., Rosenstein, B. S., Rossing, M. A., De Ruyck, K., Saloustros, E., Sandler, D. P., Sawyer, E. J., Schabath, M. B., Schleutker, J., Schmidt, M. K., Setiawan, V. W., Shen, H., Siegel, E. M., Sieh, W., Singer, C. F., Slattery, M. L., Sorensen, K. D., Southey, M. C., Spurdle, A. B., Stanford, J. L., Stevens, V. L., Stintzing, S., Stone, J., Sundfeldt, K., Sutphen, R., Swerdlow, A. J., Tajara, E. H., Tangen, C. M., Tardon, A., Taylor, J. A., Teare, M. D., Teixeira, M. R., Terry, M. B., Terry, K. L., Thibodeau, S. N., Thomassen, M., Bjorge, L., Tischkowitz, M., Toland, A. E., Torres, D., Townsend, P. A., Travis, R. C., Tung, N., Tworoger, S. S., Ulrich, C. M., Usmani, N., Vachon, C. M., Van Nieuwenhuysen, E., Vega, A., Aguado-Barrera, M. E., Wang, Q., Webb, P. M., Weinberg, C. R., Weinstein, S., Weissler, M. C., Weitzel, J. N., West, C. M. L., White, E., Whittemore, A. S., Wichmann, H. -E., Wiklund, F., Winqvist, R., Wolk, A., Woll, P., Woods, M., Wu, A. H., Wu, X., Yannoukakos, D., Zheng, W., Zienolddiny, S., Ziogas, A., Zorn, K. K., Lane, J. M., Saxena, R., Thomas, D., Hung, R. J., Diergaarde, B., McKay, J., Peters, U., Hsu, L., Garcia-Closas, M., Eeles, R. A., Chenevix-Trench, G., Brennan, P. J., Haiman, C. A., Simard, J., Easton, D. F., Gruber, S. B., Pharoah, P. D. P., Price, A. L., Pasaniuc, B., Amos, C. I., Kraft, P., Lindstrom, S., Boccia S. (ORCID:0000-0002-1864-749X), Cadoni G. (ORCID:0000-0001-8244-784X), Chen C., Liu G., and Wang Q.

Abstract

An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via a link at the top of the paper.

Published
2019

6. Risk of Ovarian Cancer and the NF-? B Pathway: Genetic Association with IL1A and TNFSF10

Author

Charbonneau, B., Block, M. S., Bamlet, W. R., Vierkant, R. A., Kalli, K. R., Fogarty, Z., Rider, D. N., Sellers, T. A., Tworoger, S. S., Poole, E., Risch, H. A., Salvesen, H. B., Kiemeney, L. A., Baglietto, L., Giles, G. G., Severi, G., Trabert, B., Wentzensen, N., Chenevix-Trench, G., Whittemore, A. S., Sieh, W., Chang-Claude, J., Bandera, E. V., Orlow, I., Terry, K., Goodman, M. T., Thompson, P. J., Cook, L. S., Rossing, M. A., Ness, R. B., Narod, S. A., Kupryjanczyk, J., Lu, K., Butzow, R., Dork, T., Pejovic, T., Campbell, I., Le, N. D., Bunker, C. H., Bogdanova, N., Runnebaum, I. B., Eccles, D., Paul, J., Wu, A. H., Gayther, S. A., Hogdall, E., Heitz, F., Kaye, S. B., Karlan, B. Y., Anton-Culver, H., Gronwald, J., Hogdall, C. K., Lambrechts, D., Fasching, P. A., Menon, U., Schildkraut, J., Pearce, C. L., Levine, D. A., Kjaer, S. K., Cramer, D., Flanagan, J. M., Phelan, C. M., Brown, R., Massuger, L. F. A. G., Song, H., Doherty, J. A., Krakstad, C., Liang, D., Odunsi, K., Berchuck, A., Jensen, A., Lubinski, J., Nevanlinna, H., Bean, Y. T., Lurie, G., Ziogas, A., Walsh, C., Despierre, E., Brinton, L., Hein, A., Rudolph, A., Dansonka-Mieszkowska, A., Olson, S. H., Harter, P., Tyrer, J., Vitonis, A. F., Brooks-Wilson, A., Aben, K. K., Pike, M. C., Ramus, S. J., Wik, E., Cybulski, C., Lin, J., Sucheston, L., Edwards, R., McGuire, V., Lester, J., du Bois, A., Lundvall, L., Wang-Gohrke, S., Szafron, L. M., Lambrechts, S., Yang, H., Beckmann, M. W., Pelttari, L. M., Van Altena, A. M., van den Berg, D., Halle, M. K., Gentry-Maharaj, A., Schwaab, I., Chandran, U., Menkiszak, J., Ekici, A. B., Wilkens, L. R., Leminen, A., Modugno, F., Friel, G., Rothstein, J. H., Vergote, I., Garcia-Closas, M., Hildebrandt, M. A. T., Sobiczewski, P., Kelemen, L. E., Pharoah, P. D. P., Moysich, K., Knutson, K. L., Cunningham, J. M., Fridley, B. L., and Goode, E. L.

Published
2014
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7. PALB2, CHEK2 and ATM rare variants and cancer risk:data from COGS

Author

Southey, M. C. (Melissa C.), Goldgar, D. E. (David E.), Winqvist, R. (Robert), Pylkäs, K. (Katri), Couch, F. (Fergus), Tischkowitz, M. (Marc), Foulkes, W. D. (William D.), Dennis, J. (Joe), Michailidou, K. (Kyriaki), van Rensburg, E. J. (Elizabeth J.), Heikkinen, T. (Tuomas), Nevanlinna, H. (Heli), Hopper, J. L. (John L.), Doerk, T. (Thilo), Claes, K. B. (Kathleen B. M.), Reis-Filho, J. (Jorge), Teo, Z. L. (Zhi Ling), Radice, P. (Paolo), Catucci, I. (Irene), Peterlongo, P. (Paolo), Tsimiklis, H. (Helen), Odefrey, F. A. (Fabrice A.), Dowty, J. G. (James G.), Schmidt, M. K. (Marjanka K.), Broeks, A. (Annegien), Hogervorst, F. B. (Frans B.), Verhoef, S. (Senno), Carpenter, J. (Jane), Clarke, C. (Christine), Scott, R. J. (Rodney J.), Fasching, P. A. (Peter A.), Haeberle, L. (Lothar), Ekici, A. B. (Arif B.), Beckmann, M. W. (Matthias W.), Peto, J. (Julian), dos-Santos-Silva, I. (Isabel), Fletcher, O. (Olivia), Johnson, N. (Nichola), Bolla, M. K. (Manjeet K.), Sawyer, E. J. (Elinor J.), Tomlinson, I. (Ian), Kerin, M. J. (Michael J.), Miller, N. (Nicola), Marme, F. (Federik), Burwinkel, B. (Barbara), Yang, R. (Rongxi), Guenel, P. (Pascal), Menegaux, F. (Florence), Sanchez, M. (Marie), Bojesen, S. (Stig), Nielsen, S. F. (Sune F.), Flyger, H. (Henrik), Benitez, J. (Javier), Pilar Zamora, M. (M.), Arias Perez, J. I. (Jose Ignacio), Menendez, P. (Primitiva), Anton-Culver, H. (Hoda), Neuhausen, S. (Susan), Ziogas, A. (Argyrios), Clarke, C. A. (Christina A.), Brenner, H. (Hermann), Arndt, V. (Volker), Stegmaier, C. (Christa), Brauch, H. (Hiltrud), Bruening, T. (Thomas), Ko, Y.-D. (Yon-Dschun), Muranen, T. A. (Taru A.), Aittomaki, K. (Kristiina), Blomqvist, C. (Carl), Bogdanova, N. V. (Natalia V.), Antonenkova, N. N. (Natalia N.), Lindblom, A. (Annika), Margolin, S. (Sara), Mannermaa, A. (Arto), Kataja, V. (Vesa), Kosma, V.-M. (Veli-Matti), Hartikainen, J. M. (Jaana M.), Spurdle, A. B. (Amanda B.), Wauters, E. (Els), Smeets, D. (Dominiek), Beuselinck, B. (Benoit), Floris, G. (Giuseppe), Chang-Claude, J. (Jenny), Rudolph, A. (Anja), Seibold, P. (Petra), Flesch-Janys, D. (Dieter), Olson, J. E. (Janet E.), Vachon, C. (Celine), Pankratz, V. S. (Vernon S.), McLean, C. (Catriona), Haiman, C. A. (Christopher A.), Henderson, B. E. (Brian E.), Schumacher, F. (Fredrick), Le Marchand, L. (Loic), Kristensen, V. (Vessela), Alnaes, G. G. (Grethe Grenaker), Zheng, W. (Wei), Hunter, D. J. (David J.), Lindstrom, S. (Sara), Hankinson, S. E. (Susan E.), Kraft, P. (Peter), Andrulis, I. (Irene), Knight, J. A. (Julia A.), Glendon, G. (Gord), Mulligan, A. M. (Anna Marie), Jukkola-Vuorinen, A. (Arja), Grip, M. (Mervi), Kauppila, S. (Saila), Devilee, P. (Peter), Tollenaar, R. A. (Robert A. E. M.), Seynaeve, C. (Caroline), Hollestelle, A. (Antoinette), Garcia-Closas, M. (Montserrat), Figueroa, J. (Jonine), Chanock, S. J. (Stephen J.), Lissowska, J. (Jolanta), Czene, K. (Kamila), Darabi, H. (Hatef), Eriksson, M. (Mikael), Eccles, D. M. (Diana M.), Rafiq, S. (Sajjad), Tapper, W. J. (William J.), Gerty, S. M. (Sue M.), Hooning, M. J. (Maartje J.), Martens, J. W. (John W. M.), Collee, J. M. (J. Margriet), Tilanus-Linthorst, M. (Madeleine), Hall, P. (Per), Li, J. (Jingmei), Brand, J. S. (Judith S.), Humphreys, K. (Keith), Cox, A. (Angela), Reed, M. W. (Malcolm W. R.), Luccarini, C. (Craig), Baynes, C. (Caroline), Dunning, A. M. (Alison M.), Hamann, U. (Ute), Torres, D. (Diana), Ulmer, H. U. (Hans Ulrich), Ruediger, T. (Thomas), Jakubowska, A. (Anna), Lubinski, J. (Jan), Jaworska, K. (Katarzyna), Durda, K. (Katarzyna), Slager, S. (Susan), Toland, A. E. (Amanda E.), Ambrosone, C. B. (Christine B.), Yannoukakos, D. (Drakoulis), Swerdlow, A. (Anthony), Ashworth, A. (Alan), Orr, N. (Nick), Jones, M. (Michael), Gonzalez-Neira, A. (Anna), Pita, G. (Guillermo), Rosario Alonso, M. (M.), Alvarez, N. (Nuria), Herrero, D. (Daniel), Tessier, D. C. (Daniel C.), Vincent, D. (Daniel), Bacot, F. (Francois), Simard, J. (Jacques), Dumont, M. (Martine), Soucy, P. (Penny), Eeles, R. (Rosalind), Muir, K. (Kenneth), Wiklund, F. (Fredrik), Gronberg, H. (Henrik), Schleutker, J. (Johanna), Nordestgaard, B. G. (Borge G.), Weischer, M. (Maren), Travis, R. C. (Ruth C.), Neal, D. (David), Donovan, J. L. (Jenny L.), Hamdy, F. C. (Freddie C.), Khaw, K.-T. (Kay-Tee), Stanford, J. L. (Janet L.), Blot, W. J. (William J.), Thibodeau, S. (Stephen), Schaid, D. J. (Daniel J.), Kelley, J. L. (Joseph L.), Maier, C. (Christiane), Kibel, A. S. (Adam S.), Cybulski, C. (Cezary), Cannon-Albright, L. (Lisa), Butterbach, K. (Katja), Park, J. (Jong), Kaneva, R. (Radka), Batra, J. (Jyotsna), Teixeira, M. R. (Manuel R.), Kote-Jarai, Z. (Zsofia), Al Olama, A. A. (Ali Amin), Benlloch, S. (Sara), Renner, S. P. (Stefan P.), Hartmann, A. (Arndt), Hein, A. (Alexander), Ruebner, M. (Matthias), Lambrechts, D. (Diether), Van Nieuwenhuysen, E. (Els), Vergote, I. (Ignace), Lambretchs, S. (Sandrina), Doherty, J. A. (Jennifer A.), Rossing, M. A. (Mary Anne), Nickels, S. (Stefan), Eilber, U. (Ursula), Wang-Gohrke, S. (Shan), Odunsi, K. (Kunle), Sucheston-Campbell, L. E. (Lara E.), Friel, G. (Grace), Lurie, G. (Galina), Killeen, J. L. (Jeffrey L.), Wilkens, L. R. (Lynne R.), Goodman, M. T. (Marc T.), Runnebaum, I. (Ingo), Hillemanns, P. A. (Peter A.), Pelttari, L. M. (Liisa M.), Butzow, R. (Ralf), Modugno, F. (Francesmary), Edwards, R. P. (Robert P.), Ness, R. B. (Roberta B.), Moysich, K. B. (Kirsten B.), du Bois, A. (Andreas), Heitz, F. (Florian), Harter, P. (Philipp), Kommoss, S. (Stefan), Karlan, B. Y. (Beth Y.), Walsh, C. (Christine), Lester, J. (Jenny), Jensen, A. (Allan), Kjaer, S. K. (Susanne Kruger), Hogdall, E. (Estrid), Peissel, B. (Bernard), Bonanni, B. (Bernardo), Bernard, L. (Loris), Goode, E. L. (Ellen L.), Fridley, B. L. (Brooke L.), Vierkant, R. A. (Robert A.), Cunningham, J. M. (Julie M.), Larson, M. C. (Melissa C.), Fogarty, Z. C. (Zachary C.), Kalli, K. R. (Kimberly R.), Liang, D. (Dong), Lu, K. H. (Karen H.), Hildebrandt, M. A. (Michelle A. T.), Wu, X. (Xifeng), Levine, D. A. (Douglas A.), Dao, F. (Fanny), Bisogna, M. (Maria), Berchuck, A. (Andrew), Iversen, E. S. (Edwin S.), Marks, J. R. (Jeffrey R.), Akushevich, L. (Lucy), Cramer, D. W. (Daniel W.), Schildkraut, J. (Joellen), Terry, K. L. (Kathryn L.), Poole, E. M. (Elizabeth M.), Stampfer, M. (Meir), Tworoger, S. S. (Shelley S.), Bandera, E. V. (Elisa V.), Orlow, I. (Irene), Olson, S. H. (Sara H.), Bjorge, L. (Line), Salvesen, H. B. (Helga B.), van Altena, A. M. (Anne M.), Aben, K. K. (Katja K. H.), Kiemeney, L. A. (Lambertus A.), Massuger, L. F. (Leon F. A. G.), Pejovic, T. (Tanja), Bean, Y. (Yukie), Brooks-Wilson, A. (Angela), Kelemen, L. E. (Linda E.), Cook, L. S. (Linda S.), Le, N. D. (Nhu D.), Grski, B. (Bohdan), Gronwald, J. (Jacek), Menkiszak, J. (Janusz), Hogdall, C. K. (Claus K.), Lundvall, L. (Lene), Nedergaard, L. (Lotte), Engelholm, S. A. (Svend Aage), Dicks, E. (Ed), Tyrer, J. (Jonathan), Campbell, I. (Ian), McNeish, I. (Iain), Paul, J. (James), Siddiqui, N. (Nadeem), Glasspool, R. (Rosalind), Whittemore, A. S. (Alice S.), Rothstein, J. H. (Joseph H.), McGuire, V. (Valerie), Sieh, W. (Weiva), Cai, H. (Hui), Shu, X.-O. (Xiao-Ou), Teten, R. T. (Rachel T.), Sutphen, R. (Rebecca), McLaughlin, J. R. (John R.), Narod, S. A. (Steven A.), Phelan, C. M. (Catherine M.), Monteiro, A. N. (Alvaro N.), Fenstermacher, D. (David), Lin, H.-Y. (Hui-Yi), Permuth, J. B. (Jennifer B.), Sellers, T. A. (Thomas A.), Chen, Y. A. (Y. Ann), Tsai, Y.-Y. (Ya-Yu), Chen, Z. (Zhihua), Gentry-Maharaj, A. (Aleksandra), Gayther, S. A. (Simon A.), Ramus, S. J. (Susan J.), Menon, U. (Usha), Wu, A. H. (Anna H.), Pearce, C. L. (Celeste L.), Van den Berg, D. (David), Pike, M. C. (Malcolm C.), Dansonka-Mieszkowska, A. (Agnieszka), Plisiecka-Halasa, J. (Joanna), Moes-Sosnowska, J. (Joanna), Kupryjanczyk, J. (Jolanta), Pharoah, P. D. (Paul D. P.), Song, H. (Honglin), Winship, I. (Ingrid), Chenevix-Trench, G. (Georgia), Giles, G. G. (Graham G.), Tavtigian, S. V. (Sean V.), Easton, D. F. (Doug F.), and Milne, R. L. (Roger L.)

Subjects
skin and connective tissue diseases
Abstract

Background: The rarity of mutations in PALB2, CHEK2 and ATM make it difficult to estimate precisely associated cancer risks. Population-based family studies have provided evidence that at least some of these mutations are associated with breast cancer risk as high as those associated with rare BRCA2 mutations. We aimed to estimate the relative risks associated with specific rare variants in PALB2, CHEK2 and ATM via a multicentre case-control study. Methods: We genotyped 10 rare mutations using the custom iCOGS array: PALB2 c.1592delT, c.2816T>G and c.3113G>A, CHEK2 c.349A>G, c.538C>T, c.715G>A, c.1036C>T, c.1312G>T, and c.1343T>G and ATM c.7271T>G. We assessed associations with breast cancer risk (42 671 cases and 42 164 controls), as well as prostate (22 301 cases and 22 320 controls) and ovarian (14 542 cases and 23 491 controls) cancer risk, for each variant. Results: For European women, strong evidence of association with breast cancer risk was observed for PALB2 c.1592delT OR 3.44 (95% CI 1.39 to 8.52, p = 7.1 × 10⁻⁵), PALB2 c.3113G>A OR 4.21 (95% CI 1.84 to 9.60, p = 6.9 × 10⁻⁸) and ATM c.7271T>G OR 11.0 (95% CI 1.42 to 85.7, p = 0.0012). We also found evidence of association with breast cancer risk for three variants in CHEK2, c.349A>G OR 2.26 (95% CI 1.29 to 3.95), c.1036C>T OR 5.06 (95% CI 1.09 to 23.5) and c.538C>T OR 1.33 (95% CI 1.05 to 1.67) (p ≤ 0.017). Evidence for prostate cancer risk was observed for CHEK2 c.1343T>G OR 3.03 (95% CI 1.53 to 6.03, p = 0.0006) for African men and CHEK2 c.1312G>T OR 2.21 (95% CI 1.06 to 4.63, p = 0.030) for European men. No evidence of association with ovarian cancer was found for any of these variants. Conclusions: This report adds to accumulating evidence that at least some variants in these genes are associated with an increased risk of breast cancer that is clinically important.

Published
2016

8. Associations of early life and adulthood adiposity with risk of epithelial ovarian cancer.

Author

Huang, T, Tworoger, S S, Willett, W C, Stampfer, M J, and Rosner, B A

Subjects
*OVARIAN epithelial cancer, *OBESITY, *CANCER risk factors
Abstract

Background Few studies have evaluated the association between early life adiposity and ovarian cancer risk. Adiposity during different periods of life may be differentially associated with the risk. Patients and methods We prospectively followed 133 526 women in the Nurses' Health Study (NHS; 1980–2012) and NHSII (1989–2013). Cox proportional hazards models were used to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for incident ovarian cancer (N  = 788) according to validated measures for early life adiposity [body mass index (BMI) at age 10 imputed from somatotype and recalled BMI at age 18) as well as BMI change between age 10 and 18 and after age 18 (current weight assessed on every biennial questionnaire since baseline). Results After mutual adjustment for BMI at age 10, BMI at age 18 and current BMI, the HR (95% CI) for ovarian cancer risk per 5 kg/m2 was 0.84 (0.74–0.96) for BMI at age 10 (P -trend = 0.01), 1.17 (1.03–1.33) for BMI at age 18 (P -trend = 0.02), and 1.06 (0.99–1.14) for current BMI (P -trend = 0.08). However, the inverse association with BMI at age 10 was attenuated after adjusting for BMI change between age 10 and 18 and BMI change after age 18 (HR per 5 kg/m2: 1.04; 95% CI 0.91–1.20; P -trend = 0.55). By contrast, BMI change between age 10 and 18 was strongly positively associated with ovarian cancer risk (HR per 5 kg/m2 increase: 1.24; 95% CI 1.11–1.39; P -trend = 0.0002), whereas BMI change since age 18 was only slightly associated with risk (HR per 5 kg/m2 increase: 1.06; 95% CI 0.99–1.14; P -trend = 0.10). These associations were in general stronger for premenopausal cases or non-serous tumors. Conclusion Early life changes in adiposity were more strongly associated with ovarian cancer risk than adulthood changes. The specific mechanisms underlying the associations with adiposity changes during early life warrant further investigation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2019
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9. Menopausal hormone use and ovarian cancer risk : Individual participant meta-analysis of 52 epidemiological studies

Author

Gapstur, S. M., Patel, A. V., Banks, E., Dal Maso, L., Talamini, R., Chetrit, A., Hirsh-Yechezkel, G., Lubin, F., Sadetzki, S., Beral, V., Bull, D., Cairns, B., Crossley, B., Gaitskell, K., Goodill, A., Green, J., Hermon, C., Key, T., Moser, K., Reeves, G., Sitas, F., Collins, R., Peto, R., Gonzalez, C. A., Lee, N., Marchbanks, P., Ory, H. W., Peterson, H. B., Wingo, P. A., Martin, N., Silpisornkosol, S., Theetranont, C., Boosiri, B., Chutivongse, S., Jimakorn, P., Virutamasen, P., Wongsrichanalai, C., Goodman, M. T., Lidegaard, O., Kjaer, S. K., Morch, L. S., Tjonneland, A., Byers, T., Rohan, T., Mosgaard, B., Vessey, M., Yeates, D., Freudenheim, J. L., Titus, L. J., Chang-Claude, J., Kaaks, R., Anderson, K. E., Lazovich, D., Robien, K., Hampton, J., Newcomb, P. A., Rossing, M. A., Thomas, D. B., Weiss, N. S., Lokkegaard, E., Riboli, E., Clavel-Chapelon, F., Cramer, D., Hankinson, S. E., Tamimi, R. M., Tworoger, S. S., Franceschi, S., La Vecchia, C., Negri, E., Adami, H. O., Magnusson, C., Riman, T., Weiderpass, E., Wolk, A., Schouten, L. J., van den Brandt, P. A., Chantarakul, N., Koetsawang, S., Rachawat, D., Palli, D., Black, A., Brinton, L. A., Freedman, D. M., Hartge, P., Hsing, A. W., Jnr, J. V. Lacey, Lissowska, J., Hoover, R. N., Schairer, C., Babb, C., Urban, M., Graff-Iversen, S., Selmer, R., Bain, C. J., Green, A. C., Purdie, D. M., Siskind, V., Webb, P. M., Moysich, K., McCann, S. E., Hannaford, P., Kay, C., Binns, C. W., Lee, A. H., Zhang, M., Ness, R. B., Nasca, P., Coogan, P. F., Palmer, J. R., Rosenberg, L., Whittemore, A., Katsouyanni, K., Trichopoulou, A., Trichopoulos, D., Tzonou, A., Dabancens, A., Martinez, L., Molina, R., Salas, O., Lurie, G., Carney, M. E., Wilkens, L. R., Werner Hartman, Linda, Manjer, Jonas, Olsson, Håkan, Kumle, M., Grisso, J. A., Morgan, M., Wheeler, J. E., Edwards, R. P., Kelley, J. L., Modugno, F., Onland-Moret, N. C., Peeters, P. H. M., Casagrande, J., Pike, M. C., Wu, A. H., Canfell, K., Miller, A. B., Gram, I. T., Lund, E., McGowan, L., Shu, X. O., Zheng, W., Farley, T. M. M., Holck, S., Meirik, O., Risch, H. A., S. M. Gapstur, A. V. Patel, E. Bank, L. Dal Maso, R. Talamini, A. Chetrit, G. Hirsh Yechezkel, F. Lubin, S. Sadetzki, V. Beral, D. Bull, B. Cairn, B. Crossley, K. Gaitskell, A. Goodill, J. Green, C. Hermon, T. Key, K. Moser, G. Reeve, F. Sita, R. Collin, R. Peto, C. A. Gonzalez, N. Lee, P. Marchbank, H. W. Ory, H. B. Peterson, P. A. Wingo, N. Martin, S. Silpisornkosol, C. Theetranont, B. Boosiri, S. Chutivongse, P. Jimakorn, P. Virutamasen, C. Wongsrichanalai, M. T. Goodman, O. Lidegaard, S. K. Kjaer, L. S. Morch, A. Tjonneland, T. Byer, T. Rohan, B. Mosgaard, M. Vessey, D. Yeate, J. L. Freudenheim, L. J. Titu, J. Chang Claude, R. Kaak, K. E. Anderson, D. Lazovich, K. Robien, J. Hampton, P. A. Newcomb, M. A. Rossing, D. B. Thoma, N. S. Wei, E. Lokkegaard, E. Riboli, F. Clavel Chapelon, D. Cramer, S. E. Hankinson, R. M. Tamimi, S. S. Tworoger, S. Franceschi, C. La Vecchia, E. Negri, H. O. Adami, C. Magnusson, T. Riman, E. Weiderpa, A. Wolk, L. J. Schouten, P. A. van den Brandt, N. Chantarakul, S. Koetsawang, D. Rachawat, D. Palli, A. Black, L. A. Brinton, D. M. Freedman, P. Hartge, A. W. Hsing, J. V. L. Jnr, J. Lissowska, R. N. Hoover, C. Schairer, C. Babb, M. Urban, S. Graff Iversen, R. Selmer, C. J. Bain, A. C. Green, D. M. Purdie, V. Siskind, P. M. Webb, K. Moysich, S. E. McCann, P. Hannaford, C. Kay, C. W. Binn, A. H. Lee, M. Zhang, R. B. Ne, P. Nasca, P. F. Coogan, J. R. Palmer, L. Rosenberg, A. Whittemore, K. Katsouyanni, A. Trichopoulou, D. Trichopoulo, A. Tzonou, A. Dabancen, L. Martinez, R. Molina, O. Sala, G. Lurie, M. E. Carney, L. R. Wilken, L. Hartman, J. Manjer, H. Olsson, M. Kumle, J. A. Grisso, M. Morgan, J. E. Wheeler, R. P. Edward, J. L. Kelley, F. Modugno, N. C. Onland Moret, P. H. M. Peeter, J. Casagrande, M. C. Pike, A. H. Wu, K. Canfell, A. B. Miller, I. T. Gram, E. Lund, L. McGowan, X. O. Shu, W. Zheng, T. M. M. Farley, S. Holck, O. Meirik, H. A. Risch, Epidemiologie, RS: CAPHRI School for Public Health and Primary Care, RS: CAPHRI - R3 - Functioning, Participating and Rehabilitation, RS: CAPHRI - R5 - Optimising Patient Care, RS: GROW - Oncology, and RS: GROW - R1 - Prevention

Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty, medicine.medical_treatment, Etiology - Endogenous Factors in the Origin and Cause of Cancer, ovarian neoplasm, THERAPY, Medicine, General & Internal, Internal medicine, General & Internal Medicine, Epidemiology, middle aged, medicine, Cancer Type - Ovarian Cancer, estrogen replacement therapy, human, Prospective cohort study, medicine (all), Gynecology, Science & Technology, business.industry, drug administration schedule, WOMEN, risk assessment, Retrospective cohort study, General Medicine, 11 Medical And Health Sciences, medicine.disease, postmenopause, female, Meta-analysis, Relative risk, Cancer and Oncology, incidence, Hormone therapy, HEALTH, Risk assessment, Ovarian cancer, business, Life Sciences & Biomedicine
Abstract

SummaryBackgroundHalf the epidemiological studies with information about menopausal hormone therapy and ovarian cancer risk remain unpublished, and some retrospective studies could have been biased by selective participation or recall. We aimed to assess with minimal bias the effects of hormone therapy on ovarian cancer risk.MethodsIndividual participant datasets from 52 epidemiological studies were analysed centrally. The principal analyses involved the prospective studies (with last hormone therapy use extrapolated forwards for up to 4 years). Sensitivity analyses included the retrospective studies. Adjusted Poisson regressions yielded relative risks (RRs) versus never-use.FindingsDuring prospective follow-up, 12 110 postmenopausal women, 55% (6601) of whom had used hormone therapy, developed ovarian cancer. Among women last recorded as current users, risk was increased even with

Published
2015

10. Menopausal hormone use and ovarian cancer risk: individual participant meta-analysis of 52 epidemiological studies

Author

Gapstur, S. M. Patel, A. V. Banks, E. Dal Maso, L. and Talamini, R. Chetrit, A. Hirsh-Yechezkel, G. Lubin, F. and Sadetzki, S. Beral, V. Bull, D. Cairns, B. Crossley, B. and Gaitskell, K. Goodill, A. Green, J. Hermon, C. Key, T. Moser, K. Reeves, G. Sitas, F. Collins, R. Peto, R. Gonzalez, C. A. Lee, N. Marchbanks, P. Ory, H. W. and Peterson, H. B. Wingo, P. A. Martin, N. Silpisornkosol, S. and Theetranont, C. Boosiri, B. Chutivongse, S. Jimakorn, P. and Virutamasen, P. Wongsrichanalai, C. Goodman, M. T. and Lidegaard, O. Kjaer, S. K. Morch, L. S. Tjonneland, A. and Byers, T. Rohan, T. Mosgaard, B. Vessey, M. Yeates, D. and Freudenheim, J. L. Titus, L. J. Chang-Claude, J. Kaaks, R. Anderson, K. E. Lazovich, D. Robien, K. Hampton, J. and Newcomb, P. A. Rossing, M. A. Thomas, D. B. Weiss, N. S. and Lokkegaard, E. Riboli, E. Clavel-Chapelon, F. Cramer, D. and Hankinson, S. E. Tamimi, R. M. Tworoger, S. S. and Franceschi, S. La Vecchia, C. Negri, E. Adami, H. O. and Magnusson, C. Riman, T. Weiderpass, E. Wolk, A. and Schouten, L. J. van den Brandt, P. A. Chantarakul, N. and Koetsawang, S. Rachawat, D. Palli, D. Black, A. Brinton, L. A. Freedman, D. M. Hartge, P. Hsing, A. W. Jnr, J. V. Lacey Lissowska, J. Hoover, R. N. Schairer, C. Babb, C. and Urban, M. Graff-Iversen, S. Selmer, R. Bain, C. J. and Green, A. C. Purdie, D. M. Siskind, V. Webb, P. M. and Moysich, K. McCann, S. E. Hannaford, P. Kay, C. Binns, C. W. Lee, A. H. Zhang, M. Ness, R. B. Nasca, P. and Coogan, P. F. Palmer, J. R. Rosenberg, L. Whittemore, A. and Katsouyanni, K. Trichopoulou, A. Trichopoulos, D. Tzonou, A. and Dabancens, A. Martinez, L. Molina, R. Salas, O. and Lurie, G. Carney, M. E. Wilkens, L. R. Hartman, L. and Manjer, J. Olsson, H. Kumle, M. Grisso, J. A. Morgan, M. and Wheeler, J. E. Edwards, R. P. Kelley, J. L. Modugno, F. and Onland-Moret, N. C. Peeters, P. H. M. Casagrande, J. and Pike, M. C. Wu, A. H. Canfell, K. Miller, A. B. Gram, I. T. Lund, E. McGowan, L. Shu, X. O. Zheng, W. Farley, T. M. M. Holck, S. Meirik, O. Risch, H. A. Collaborative Grp Epidemiological

Abstract

Background Half the epidemiological studies with information about menopausal hormone therapy and ovarian cancer risk remain unpublished, and some retrospective studies could have been biased by selective participation or recall. We aimed to assess with minimal bias the effects of hormone therapy on ovarian cancer risk. Methods Individual participant datasets from 52 epidemiological studies were analysed centrally. The principal analyses involved the prospective studies (with last hormone therapy use extrapolated forwards for up to 4 years). Sensitivity analyses included the retrospective studies. Adjusted Poisson regressions yielded relative risks (RRs) versus never-use. Findings During prospective follow-up, 12 110 postmenopausal women, 55% (6601) of whom had used hormone therapy, developed ovarian cancer. Among women last recorded as current users, risk was increased even with

Published
2015

11. Ovarian cancer and smoking: individual participant meta-analysis including 28 114 women with ovarian cancer from 51 epidemiological studies

Author

Beral, V. Gaitskell, K. Hermon, C. Moser, K. Reeves, G. and Peto, R. Brinton, L. Marchbanks, P. Negri, E. Ness, R. Peeters, P. H. M. Vessey, M. Calle, E. E. Gapstur, S. M. Patel, A. V. Dal Maso, L. Talamini, R. Chetrit, A. and Hirsh-Yechezkel, G. Lubin, F. Sadetzki, S. Banks, E. and Bull, D. Callaghan, K. Crossley, B. Goodill, A. Green, J. Key, T. Sitas, F. Collins, R. Doll, R. Gonzalez, A. Lee, N. Ory, H. W. Peterson, H. B. Wingo, P. A. and Martin, N. Pardthaisong, T. Silpisornkosol, S. Theetranont, C. Boosiri, B. Chutivongse, S. Jimakorn, P. Virutamasen, P. Wongsrichanalai, C. Tjonneland, A. Titus-Ernstoff, L. and Byers, T. Rohan, T. Mosgaard, B. J. Yeates, D. and Freudenheim, J. L. Chang-Claude, J. Kaaks, R. Anderson, K. E. Folsom, A. Robien, K. Hampton, J. Newcomb, P. A. and Rossing, M. A. Thomas, D. B. Weiss, N. S. Riboli, E. and Clavel-Chapelon, F. Cramer, D. Hankinson, S. E. Tworoger, S. S. Franceschi, S. La Vecchia, C. Adami, H. O. Magnusson, C. Riman, T. Weiderpass, E. Wolk, A. Schouten, L. J. and van den Brandt, P. A. Chantarakul, N. Koetsawang, S. and Rachawat, D. Palli, D. Black, A. Freedman, D. M. Hartge, P. Hsing, A. W. Lacey, Jr., J. V. Hoover, R. N. and Schairer, C. Urban, M. Graff-Iversen, S. Selmer, R. and Bain, C. J. Green, A. C. Purdie, D. M. Siskind, V. Webb, P. M. Moysich, K. McCann, S. E. Hannaford, P. Kay, C. and Binns, C. W. Lee, A. H. Zhang, M. Nasca, P. Coogan, P. F. Palmer, J. R. Rosenberg, L. Kelsey, J. and Paffenbarger, R. Whittemore, A. Katsouyanni, K. and Trichopoulou, A. Trichopoulos, D. Tzonou, A. Dabancens, A. and Martinez, L. Molina, R. Salas, O. Goodman, M. T. and Lurie, G. Carney, M. E. Wilkens, L. R. Hartman, L. and Manjer, J. Olsson, H. Grisso, J. A. Morgan, M. Wheeler, J. E. Bunker, C. H. Edwards, R. P. Modugno, F. and Casagrande, J. Pike, M. C. Ross, R. K. Wu, A. H. Miller, A. B. Kumle, M. Gram, I. T. Lund, E. McGowan, L. and Shu, X. O. Zheng, W. Farley, T. M. M. Holck, S. Meirik, O. Risch, H. A. Collaborative Grp Epidemiological Natl Israeli Study Ovarian Canc Nurses Hlth Study

Abstract

Background Smoking has been linked to mucinous ovarian cancer, but its effects on other ovarian cancer subtypes and on overall ovarian cancer risk are unclear, and the findings from most studies with relevant data are unpublished. To assess these associations, we review the published and unpublished evidence. Methods Eligible epidemiological studies were identified by electronic searches, review articles, and discussions with colleagues. Individual participant data for 28 114 women with and 94 942 without ovarian cancer from 51 epidemiological studies were analysed centrally, yielding adjusted relative risks (RRs) of ovarian cancer in smokers compared with never smokers. Findings After exclusion of studies with hospital controls, in which smoking could have affected recruitment, overall ovarian cancer incidence was only slightly increased in current smokers compared with women who had never smoked (RR 1.06, 95% CI 1.01-1.11, p=0.01). Of 17 641 epithelial cancers with specified histology, 2314 (13%) were mucinous, 2360 (13%) endometrioid, 969 (5%) clear-cell, and 9086 (52%) serous. Smoking-related risks varied substantially across these subtypes (p(heterogeneity)

Published
2012

12. Ovarian Cancer and Body Size: Individual Participant Meta-Analysis Including 25,157 Women with Ovarian Cancer from 47 Epidemiological Studies

Author

Beral, V. Hermon, C. Peto, R. Reeves, G. Brinton, L. and Marchbanks, P. Negri, E. Ness, R. Peeters, P. H. M. and Vessey, M. Calle, E. E. Gapstur, S. M. Patel, A. V. Dal Maso, L. Talamini, R. Chetrit, A. Hirsh-Yechezkel, G. and Lubin, F. Sadetzki, S. Allen, N. Bull, D. Callaghan, K. and Crossley, B. Gaitskell, K. Goodill, A. Green, J. and Key, T. Moser, K. Collins, R. Doll, R. Gonzalez, C. A. and Lee, N. Ory, H. W. Peterson, H. B. Wingo, P. A. and Martin, N. Pardthaisong, T. Silpisornkosol, S. Theetranont, C. Boosiri, B. Chutivongse, S. Jimakorn, P. Virutamasen, P. Wongsrichanalai, C. Tjonneland, A. Titus-Ernstoff, L. and Byers, T. Rohan, T. Mosgaard, B. J. Yeates, D. and Freudenheim, J. L. Chang-Claude, J. Kaaks, R. Anderson, K. E. Folsom, A. Robien, K. Rossing, M. A. Thomas, D. B. and Weiss, N. S. Riboli, E. Clavel-Chapelon, F. Cramer, D. and Hankinson, S. E. Tworoger, S. S. Franceschi, S. La Vecchia, C. Magnusson, C. Riman, T. Weiderpass, E. Wolk, A. Schouten, L. J. van den Brandt, P. A. Chantarakul, N. and Koetsawang, S. Rachawat, D. Palli, D. Black, A. de Gonzalez, A. Berrington Freedman, D. M. Hartge, P. Hsing, A. W. Lacey, Jr., J. V. Hoover, R. N. Schairer, C. and Graff-Iversen, S. Selmer, R. Bain, C. J. Green, A. C. and Purdie, D. M. Siskind, V. Webb, P. M. McCann, S. E. and Hannaford, P. Kay, C. Binns, C. W. Lee, A. H. Zhang, M. and Ness, R. B. Nasca, P. Coogan, P. F. Palmer, J. R. and Rosenberg, L. Kelsey, J. Paffenbarger, R. Whittemore, A. and Katsouyanni, K. Trichopoulou, A. Trichopoulos, D. Tzonou, A. and Dabancens, A. Martinez, L. Molina, R. Salas, O. and Goodman, M. T. Lurie, G. Carney, M. E. Wilkens, L. R. and Hartman, L. Manjer, J. Olsson, H. Grisso, J. A. Morgan, M. Wheeler, J. E. Casagrande, J. Pike, M. C. Ross, R. K. and Wu, A. H. Miller, A. B. Kumle, M. Lund, E. McGowan, L. Shu, X. O. Zheng, W. Farley, T. M. M. Holck, S. and Meirik, O. Risch, H. A. Collaborative Grp Epidemiol Studie

Abstract

Background: Only about half the studies that have collected information on the relevance of women’s height and body mass index to their risk of developing ovarian cancer have published their results, and findings are inconsistent. Here, we bring together the worldwide evidence, published and unpublished, and describe these relationships. Methods and Findings: Individual data on 25,157 women with ovarian cancer and 81,311 women without ovarian cancer from 47 epidemiological studies were collected, checked, and analysed centrally. Adjusted relative risks of ovarian cancer were calculated, by height and by body mass index. Ovarian cancer risk increased significantly with height and with body mass index, except in studies using hospital controls. For other study designs, the relative risk of ovarian cancer per 5 cm increase in height was 1.07 (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.05-1.09; p

Published
2012

13. Steroid hormone measurements from different types of assays in relation to body mass index and breast cancer risk in postmenopausal women: Reanalysis of eighteen prospective studies

Author

Key, T. J., Appleby, P. N., Reeves, G. K., Travis, R. C., Brinton, L. A., Dallal, C. M., Helzlsouer, K. J., Hoffman-Bolton, J., Visvanathan, K., Dorgan, J. F., Falk, R. T., Gapstur, S. M., Gaudet, M. M., Kaaks, R., Riboli, E., Rinaldi, S., Key, T., Manjer, Jonas, Hallmans, G., Giles, G. G., Le Marchand, L., Kolonel, L. N., Henderson, B. E., Tworoger, S. S., Hankinson, S. E., Zeleniuch-Jacquotte, A., Koenig, K., Krogh, V., Sieri, S., Muti, P., Ziegler, R. G., Schairer, C., Fuhrman, B. J., Barrett-Connor, E., Laughlin, G. A., Grant, E. J., Cologne, J., Ohishi, W., Hida, A., Cauley, J. A., Fourkala, E.-O., Rohan, T. E., Strickler, H. D., Gunter, M. J., Key, T. J., Appleby, P. N., Reeves, G. K., Travis, R. C., Brinton, L. A., Dallal, C. M., Helzlsouer, K. J., Hoffman-Bolton, J., Visvanathan, K., Dorgan, J. F., Falk, R. T., Gapstur, S. M., Gaudet, M. M., Kaaks, R., Riboli, E., Rinaldi, S., Key, T., Manjer, Jonas, Hallmans, G., Giles, G. G., Le Marchand, L., Kolonel, L. N., Henderson, B. E., Tworoger, S. S., Hankinson, S. E., Zeleniuch-Jacquotte, A., Koenig, K., Krogh, V., Sieri, S., Muti, P., Ziegler, R. G., Schairer, C., Fuhrman, B. J., Barrett-Connor, E., Laughlin, G. A., Grant, E. J., Cologne, J., Ohishi, W., Hida, A., Cauley, J. A., Fourkala, E.-O., Rohan, T. E., Strickler, H. D., and Gunter, M. J.

Abstract

Epidemiological studies have examined breast cancer risk in relation to sex hormone concentrations measured by different methods: "extraction" immunoassays (with prior purification by organic solvent extraction, with or without column chromatography), "direct" immunoassays (no prior extraction or column chromatography), and more recently with mass spectrometry-based assays. We describe the associations of estradiol, estrone and testosterone with both body mass index and breast cancer risk in postmenopausal women according to assay method, using data from a collaborative pooled analysis of 18 prospective studies. In general, hormone concentrations were highest in studies that used direct assays and lowest in studies that used mass spectrometry-based assays. Estradiol and estrone were strongly positively associated with body mass index, regardless of the assay method; testosterone was positively associated with body mass index for direct assays, but less clearly for extraction assays, and there were few data for mass spectrometry assays. The correlations of estradiol with body mass index, estrone and testosterone were lower for direct assays than for extraction and mass spectrometry assays, suggesting that the estimates from the direct assays were less precise. For breast cancer risk, all three hormones were strongly positively associated with risk regardless of assay method (except for testosterone by mass spectrometry where there were few data), with no statistically significant differences in the trends, but differences may emerge as new data accumulate. Future epidemiological and clinical research studies should continue to use the most accurate assays that are feasible within the design characteristics of each study.

Published
2015

14. Ovarian cancer and oral contraceptives: collaborative reanalysis of data from 45 epidemiological studies including 23 257 women with ovarian cancer and 87 303 controls

Author

Beral, V. Doll, R. Hermon, C. Peto, R. Reeves, G. and Brinton, L. Green, A. C. Marchbanks, P. Negri, E. Ness, R. Peeters, P. Vessey, M. Calle, E. E. Rodriguez, C. and Dal Maso, L. Talamini, R. Cramer, D. Hankinson, S. E. and Tworoger, S. S. Chetrit, A. Hirsh-Yechezkel, G. Lubin, F. and Sadetzki, S. Appleby, P. Banks, E. de Gonzalez, A. Berrington Bull, D. Crossley, B. Goodil, A. Green, I. and Green, J. Key, T. Collins, R. Gonzalez, C. A. Lee, N. Ory, H. W. Peterson, H. B. Wingo, P. A. Martin, N. and Pardthaisong, T. Silpisornkosol, S. Theetranont, C. and Boosiri, B. Chutivongse, S. Jimakorn, P. Virutamasen, P. and Wongsrichanalai, C. Titus-Ernstoff, L. Mosgaard, M. J. and Yeates, D. Chang-Claude, J. Rossing, M. A. Thomas, D. and Weiss, N. Franceschi, S. La Vecchia, C. Adami, H. O. and Magnusson, C. Riman, T. Weiderpass, E. Wolk, A. Brinton, L. A. Freedman, D. M. Hartge, P. Lacey, J. M. Hoover, R. and Schouten, L. J. van den Brandt, P. A. Chantarakul, N. and Koetsawang, S. Rachawat, D. Graff-Iversen, S. Selmer, R. and Bain, C. J. Green, A. C. Purdie, D. M. Siskind, V. Webb, P. M. McCann, S. E. Hannaford, P. Kay, C. Binns, C. W. and Lee, A. H. Zhang, M. Nasca, P. Coogan, P. F. Kelsey, J. Paffenbarger, R. Whittemore, A. Katsouyanni, K. and Trichopoulou, A. Trichopoulos, D. Tzonou, A. Dabancens, A. and Martinez, L. Molina, R. Salas, O. Goodman, M. T. and Laurie, G. Carney, M. E. Wilkens, L. R. Bladstrom, A. and Olsson, H. Ness, R. B. Grisso, J. A. Morgan, M. Wheeler, J. E. Peeters, P. Casagrande, J. Pike, M. C. Ross, R. K. and Wu, A. H. Kumle, M. Lund, E. McGowan, L. Shu, X. O. and Zheng, W. Farley, T. M. M. Holck, S. Meirik, O. and Risch, H. A. Collaborative Grp Epidemiological

Abstract

Background Oral contraceptives were introduced almost 50 years ago, and over 100 million women currently use them. Oral contraceptives can reduce the risk of ovarian cancer, but the eventual public-health effects of this reduction will depend on how long the protection lasts after use ceases. We aimed to assess these effects. Methods Individual data for 23 257 women with ovarian cancer (cases) and 87 303 without ovarian cancer (controls) from 45 epidemiological studies in 21 countries were checked and analysed centrally. The relative risk of ovarian cancer in relation to oral contraceptive use was estimated, stratifying by study, age, parity, and hysterectomy. Findings Overall 7308 (31%) cases and 32 717 (37%) controls had ever used oral contraceptives, for average durations among users of 4 . 4 and 5 . 0 years, respectively. The median year of cancer diagnosis was 1993, when cases were aged an average of 56 years. The longer that women had used oral contraceptives, the greater the reduction in ovarian cancer risk (p

Published
2008

16. Ovarian Cancer and Body Size : Individual Participant Meta-Analysis Including 25,157 Women with Ovarian Cancer from 47 Epidemiological Studies

Author

Beral, V., Hermon, C., Peto, R., Reeves, G., Brinton, L., Marchbanks, P., Negri, E., Ness, R., Peeters, P. H. M., Vessey, M., Calle, E. E., Gapstur, S. M., Patel, A. V., Dal Maso, L., Talamini, R., Chetrit, A., Hirsh-Yechezkel, G., Lubin, F., Sadetzki, S., Allen, N., Bull, D., Callaghan, K., Crossley, B., Gaitskell, K., Goodill, A., Green, J., Key, T., Moser, K., Collins, R., Doll, R., Gonzalez, C. A., Lee, N., Ory, H. W., Peterson, H. B., Wingo, P. A., Martin, N., Pardthaisong, T., Silpisornkosol, S., Theetranont, C., Boosiri, B., Chutivongse, S., Jimakorn, P., Virutamasen, P., Wongsrichanalai, C., Tjonneland, A., Titus-Ernstoff, L., Byers, T., Rohan, T., Mosgaard, B. J., Yeates, D., Freudenheim, J. L., Chang-Claude, J., Kaaks, R., Anderson, K. E., Folsom, A., Robien, K., Rossing, M. A., Thomas, D. B., Weiss, N. S., Riboli, E., Clavel-Chapelon, F., Cramer, D., Hankinson, S. E., Tworoger, S. S., Franceschi, S., La Vecchia, C., Magnusson, C., Riman, T., Weiderpass, E., Wolk, A., Schouten, L. J., van den Brandt, P. A., Chantarakul, N., Koetsawang, S., Rachawat, D., Palli, D., Black, A., de Gonzalez, A. Berrington, Freedman, D. M., Hartge, P., Hsing, A. W., Lacey, J. V., Jr., Hoover, R. N., Schairer, C., Graff-Iversen, S., Selmer, R., Bain, C. J., Green, A. C., Purdie, D. M., Siskind, V., Webb, P. M., McCann, S. E., Hannaford, P., Kay, C., Binns, C. W., Lee, A. H., Zhang, M., Ness, R. B., Nasca, P., Coogan, P. F., Palmer, J. R., Rosenberg, L., Kelsey, J., Paffenbarger, R., Whittemore, A., Katsouyanni, K., Trichopoulou, A., Trichopoulos, D., Tzonou, A., Dabancens, A., Martinez, L., Molina, R., Salas, O., Goodman, M. T., Lurie, G., Carney, M. E., Wilkens, L. R., Hartman, L., Manjer, J., Olsson, H., Grisso, J. A., Morgan, M., Wheeler, J. E., Casagrande, J., Pike, M. C., Ross, R. K., Wu, A. H., Miller, A. B., Kumle, M., Lund, E., McGowan, L., Shu, X. O., Zheng, W., Farley, T. M. M., Holck, S., Meirik, O., Risch, H. A., Beral, V., Hermon, C., Peto, R., Reeves, G., Brinton, L., Marchbanks, P., Negri, E., Ness, R., Peeters, P. H. M., Vessey, M., Calle, E. E., Gapstur, S. M., Patel, A. V., Dal Maso, L., Talamini, R., Chetrit, A., Hirsh-Yechezkel, G., Lubin, F., Sadetzki, S., Allen, N., Bull, D., Callaghan, K., Crossley, B., Gaitskell, K., Goodill, A., Green, J., Key, T., Moser, K., Collins, R., Doll, R., Gonzalez, C. A., Lee, N., Ory, H. W., Peterson, H. B., Wingo, P. A., Martin, N., Pardthaisong, T., Silpisornkosol, S., Theetranont, C., Boosiri, B., Chutivongse, S., Jimakorn, P., Virutamasen, P., Wongsrichanalai, C., Tjonneland, A., Titus-Ernstoff, L., Byers, T., Rohan, T., Mosgaard, B. J., Yeates, D., Freudenheim, J. L., Chang-Claude, J., Kaaks, R., Anderson, K. E., Folsom, A., Robien, K., Rossing, M. A., Thomas, D. B., Weiss, N. S., Riboli, E., Clavel-Chapelon, F., Cramer, D., Hankinson, S. E., Tworoger, S. S., Franceschi, S., La Vecchia, C., Magnusson, C., Riman, T., Weiderpass, E., Wolk, A., Schouten, L. J., van den Brandt, P. A., Chantarakul, N., Koetsawang, S., Rachawat, D., Palli, D., Black, A., de Gonzalez, A. Berrington, Freedman, D. M., Hartge, P., Hsing, A. W., Lacey, J. V., Jr., Hoover, R. N., Schairer, C., Graff-Iversen, S., Selmer, R., Bain, C. J., Green, A. C., Purdie, D. M., Siskind, V., Webb, P. M., McCann, S. E., Hannaford, P., Kay, C., Binns, C. W., Lee, A. H., Zhang, M., Ness, R. B., Nasca, P., Coogan, P. F., Palmer, J. R., Rosenberg, L., Kelsey, J., Paffenbarger, R., Whittemore, A., Katsouyanni, K., Trichopoulou, A., Trichopoulos, D., Tzonou, A., Dabancens, A., Martinez, L., Molina, R., Salas, O., Goodman, M. T., Lurie, G., Carney, M. E., Wilkens, L. R., Hartman, L., Manjer, J., Olsson, H., Grisso, J. A., Morgan, M., Wheeler, J. E., Casagrande, J., Pike, M. C., Ross, R. K., Wu, A. H., Miller, A. B., Kumle, M., Lund, E., McGowan, L., Shu, X. O., Zheng, W., Farley, T. M. M., Holck, S., Meirik, O., and Risch, H. A.

Abstract

Background: Only about half the studies that have collected information on the relevance of women's height and body mass index to their risk of developing ovarian cancer have published their results, and findings are inconsistent. Here, we bring together the worldwide evidence, published and unpublished, and describe these relationships. Methods and Findings: Individual data on 25,157 women with ovarian cancer and 81,311 women without ovarian cancer from 47 epidemiological studies were collected, checked, and analysed centrally. Adjusted relative risks of ovarian cancer were calculated, by height and by body mass index. Ovarian cancer risk increased significantly with height and with body mass index, except in studies using hospital controls. For other study designs, the relative risk of ovarian cancer per 5 cm increase in height was 1.07 (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.05-1.09; p<0.001); this relationship did not vary significantly by women's age, year of birth, education, age at menarche, parity, menopausal status, smoking, alcohol consumption, having had a hysterectomy, having first degree relatives with ovarian or breast cancer, use of oral contraceptives, or use of menopausal hormone therapy. For body mass index, there was significant heterogeneity (p<0.001) in the findings between ever-users and never-users of menopausal hormone therapy, but not by the 11 other factors listed above. The relative risk for ovarian cancer per 5 kg/m(2) increase in body mass index was 1.10 (95% CI, 1.07-1.13; p<0.001) in never-users and 0.95 (95% CI, 0.92-0.99; p = 0.02) in ever-users of hormone therapy. Conclusions: Ovarian cancer is associated with height and, among never-users of hormone therapy, with body mass index. In high-income countries, both height and body mass index have been increasing in birth cohorts now developing the disease. If all other relevant factors had remained constant, then these increases in height and weight would be associated with

Published
2012
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17. Circulating sex hormones and breast cancer risk factors in postmenopausal women : reanalysis of 13 studies.

Author

Key, T J, Appleby, P N, Reeves, G K, Roddam, A W, Helzlsouer, K J, Alberg, A J, Rollison, D E, Dorgan, J F, Brinton, L A, Overvad, K, Kaaks, R, Trichopoulou, A, Clavel-Chapelon, F, Panico, S, Duell, E J, Peeters, P H M, Rinaldi, S, Fentiman, I S, Dowsett, M, Manjer, J, Lenner, Per, Hallmans, Göran, Baglietto, L, English, D R, Giles, G G, Hopper, J L, Severi, G, Morris, H A, Hankinson, S E, Tworoger, S S, Koenig, K, Zeleniuch-Jacquotte, A, Arslan, A A, Toniolo, P, Shore, R E, Krogh, V, Micheli, A, Berrino, F, Barrett-Connor, E, Laughlin, G A, Kabuto, M, Akiba, S, Stevens, R G, Neriishi, K, Land, C E, Cauley, J A, Lui, Li Yung, Cummings, Steven R, Gunter, M J, Rohan, T E, Strickler, H D, Key, T J, Appleby, P N, Reeves, G K, Roddam, A W, Helzlsouer, K J, Alberg, A J, Rollison, D E, Dorgan, J F, Brinton, L A, Overvad, K, Kaaks, R, Trichopoulou, A, Clavel-Chapelon, F, Panico, S, Duell, E J, Peeters, P H M, Rinaldi, S, Fentiman, I S, Dowsett, M, Manjer, J, Lenner, Per, Hallmans, Göran, Baglietto, L, English, D R, Giles, G G, Hopper, J L, Severi, G, Morris, H A, Hankinson, S E, Tworoger, S S, Koenig, K, Zeleniuch-Jacquotte, A, Arslan, A A, Toniolo, P, Shore, R E, Krogh, V, Micheli, A, Berrino, F, Barrett-Connor, E, Laughlin, G A, Kabuto, M, Akiba, S, Stevens, R G, Neriishi, K, Land, C E, Cauley, J A, Lui, Li Yung, Cummings, Steven R, Gunter, M J, Rohan, T E, and Strickler, H D

Abstract

BACKGROUND: Breast cancer risk for postmenopausal women is positively associated with circulating concentrations of oestrogens and androgens, but the determinants of these hormones are not well understood. METHODS: Cross-sectional analyses of breast cancer risk factors and circulating hormone concentrations in more than 6000 postmenopausal women controls in 13 prospective studies. RESULTS: Concentrations of all hormones were lower in older than younger women, with the largest difference for dehydroepiandrosterone sulphate (DHEAS), whereas sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG) was higher in the older women. Androgens were lower in women with bilateral ovariectomy than in naturally postmenopausal women, with the largest difference for free testosterone. All hormones were higher in obese than lean women, with the largest difference for free oestradiol, whereas SHBG was lower in obese women. Smokers of 15+ cigarettes per day had higher levels of all hormones than non-smokers, with the largest difference for testosterone. Drinkers of 20+ g alcohol per day had higher levels of all hormones, but lower SHBG, than non-drinkers, with the largest difference for DHEAS. Hormone concentrations were not strongly related to age at menarche, parity, age at first full-term pregnancy or family history of breast cancer. CONCLUSION: Sex hormone concentrations were strongly associated with several established or suspected risk factors for breast cancer, and may mediate the effects of these factors on breast cancer risk.

Published
2011
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20. Circulating 25-Hydroxyvitamin D and Risk of Epithelial Ovarian Cancer: Cohort Consortium Vitamin D Pooling Project of Rarer Cancers

Author

Zheng, W., primary, Danforth, K. N., additional, Tworoger, S. S., additional, Goodman, M. T., additional, Arslan, A. A., additional, Patel, A. V., additional, McCullough, M. L., additional, Weinstein, S. J., additional, Kolonel, L. N., additional, Purdue, M. P., additional, Shu, X.-O., additional, Snyder, K., additional, Steplowski, E., additional, Visvanathan, K., additional, Yu, K., additional, Zeleniuch-Jacquotte, A., additional, Gao, Y.-T., additional, Hankinson, S. E., additional, Harvey, C., additional, Hayes, R. B., additional, Henderson, B. E., additional, Horst, R. L., additional, and Helzlsouer, K. J., additional

Published
2010
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21. Circulating 25-Hydroxyvitamin D and the Risk of Rarer Cancers: Design and Methods of the Cohort Consortium Vitamin D Pooling Project of Rarer Cancers

Author

Gallicchio, L., primary, Helzlsouer, K. J., additional, Chow, W.-H., additional, Freedman, D. M., additional, Hankinson, S. E., additional, Hartge, P., additional, Hartmuller, V., additional, Harvey, C., additional, Hayes, R. B., additional, Horst, R. L., additional, Koenig, K. L., additional, Kolonel, L. N., additional, Laden, F., additional, McCullough, M. L., additional, Parisi, D., additional, Purdue, M. P., additional, Shu, X.-O., additional, Snyder, K., additional, Stolzenberg-Solomon, R. Z., additional, Tworoger, S. S., additional, Varanasi, A., additional, Virtamo, J., additional, Wilkens, L. R., additional, Xiang, Y.-B., additional, Yu, K., additional, Zeleniuch-Jacquotte, A., additional, Zheng, W., additional, Abnet, C. C., additional, Albanes, D., additional, Bertrand, K., additional, and Weinstein, S. J., additional

Published
2010
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35. Improving Survey Response Rates Among Patients at a Cancer Center During a Global Pandemic.

Author

Hathaway, C. A., Siegel, E. M., Gonzalez, B., and Tworoger, S. S.

Abstract

This study evaluated approaches for recruiting patients at a cancer center to an electronic survey about their experience with the COVID-19 pandemic. Eight groups (n = 2,750 patients total) were contacted via email to complete a 15-minute survey. Groups consisted of: 1) a detailed email only, 2) a brief email only, 3) a mailed letter and brief email, 4) a mailed letter, small prize in the envelope, and brief email, 5) a mailed postcard and brief email, 6) a brief email and $10 gift card, 7) a mailed letter, brief email and $10 gift card, and 8) a mailed postcard, brief email, and $10 gift card. Patients were considered eligible if they had a valid email address, were seen at the cancer center since January 1, 2015, had English as a preferred language, a last known vital status of alive, an address inside the cancer center's catchment area, and were between 40 and 89 years old. Patients were over sampled for Hispanic ethnicity and African American race, then randomly sampled. Response rates were evaluated overall, by race/ethnicity, gender, time since visit to the cancer center and age. Multiple logistic regression was used to assess the odds of completing the survey. 259 patients (9.4%) completed the survey across all pilot groups. Response rates varied by pilot group, ranging from 2.6% response for a detailed email only, to 18.4% response for a brief email, postcard and gift card. The latter group was also among the highest for response rates among Hispanics (25.6%) and Non-Hispanic/Non-White patients (15.9%). In a multivariate model adjusting for race, ethnicity, age, and gender, we found those who received a gift card had 1.86 times (95% CI: 1.40-2.48) higher odds of completing the survey than those who did not. Additionally, those who received a postcard or letter compared to those who only received an email had 1.46 times (95% CI: 1.05-2.04) higher odds of completing the survey. In our study of cancer patients seen at a major cancer center, prompting potential study participants with a letter or postcard before an email improved response rates. Further including a gift card increased response rates, particularly for underrepresented minorities. Future analyses include evaluating response rates by insurance status and cancer type. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2021
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36. A prospective study of postmenopausal hormone use and ovarian cancer risk.

Author

Danforth, K. N., Tworoger, S. S., Hecht, J. L., Rosner, B. A., Colditz, G. A., and Hankinson, S. E.

Subjects
*HORMONES, *OVARIAN cancer, *ESTROGEN, *TUMORS, *CYSTS (Pathology), *CANCER in women, *LONGITUDINAL method, *MULTIVARIATE analysis, *OVARIAN tumors, *PROGESTATIONAL hormones, *QUESTIONNAIRES, *RISK assessment, *POSTMENOPAUSE
Abstract

The relationship between postmenopausal hormone use (PMH) and ovarian cancer risk is unclear, particularly for specific hormone formulations, but recent studies suggest that there is a positive association. We conducted a prospective observational study with 82,905 postmenopausal women, including 389 ovarian cancers, in the Nurses' Health Study from 1976 to 2002. Compared with never users of PMH, both current and past users of > or =5 years had a significantly elevated risk of ovarian cancer (RR=1.41, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.07-1.86 and relative risk (RR)=1.52, 95% CI 1.01-2.27, respectively). Examined by hormone type in continuous years, use of unopposed estrogen was associated with a significant increase in the risk of epithelial ovarian cancer (P for trend <0.001; RR for 5-year increment of use=1.25, 95% CI 1.12-1.38). Use of estrogen plus progestin (RR for 5-year increment of use=1.04, 95% CI 0.82-1.32) was not significantly associated with ovarian cancer risk. Generally, results were similar for serous tumours (RR for 5-year increment of unopposed estrogen use=1.23, 95% CI 1.07-1.40) and slightly stronger for endometrioid tumours (RR for 5-year increment of unopposed estrogen use=1.53, 95% CI 1.20-1.94). Recency of use was not significantly associated with ovarian cancer risk, but statistical power was limited here. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2007
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37. Impact of COVID-19 Pandemic on Healthcare Delivery, Behavioral Outcomes, and Financial Stress in 1,253 Individuals with Cancer at Huntsman Cancer Institute (HCI).

Author

Peoples, A. R., Himbert, C., Hathaway, C. A., Kirchhoff, A. C., Ose, J., Lin, T., Colman, H., Jones, K. B., Akerley, W. L., Grossman, D., Hunt, J. P., Penedo, F. J., Siegel, E. M., Ulrich, C. M., and Tworoger, S. S.

Abstract

Purpose: The COVID-19 pandemic has substantially changed social practices, economic stability, and access to medical care that may significantly affect cancer patients, especially those undergoing active treatment. We characterized the pandemic's influence on healthcare delivery, behavioral health, and financial stress in cancer patients. Methods: We included data from N = 1,253 adult cancer patients, who visited HCI in the last 4 years, consented to the Total Cancer Care study, and completed a COVID-19 survey as part of the COPES consortium. The survey was administered between Aug and Sept 2020 and included questions on change/cancellation of medical visits, change in exercise and alcohol consumption, daily life, social interactions, and financial stress since March 2020. Results: The cohort's mean age was 60.4 (19-92) years, with 54% female, 68% non-Hispanic White, 41% retired, 43% employed full or part-time, and 24% living in rural counties. Among the 27% of patients who reported receiving current treatment at HCI, 30% had to change or cancel a medical visit due to the pandemic, with 2% reported a change/cancellation in a biopsy, surgery, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy; 5% reported a change/cancellation in imaging; and 3% and 23% reported a change/cancellation in cancer screening and doctor's visit, respectively. 18% rescheduled an appointment to a telehealth visit. Changes in exercise habits due to the pandemic were common (47%), with 10% no longer exercising regularly, 21% exercising less, and 11% exercising more than before. 5% reported increased alcohol consumption, while 6% reported a decrease. Most patients (84%) experienced a change in their daily lives (ranging from somewhat to a lot of change). 69% had fewer social interactions, and 49% reported financial stress due to the pandemic, with 11% reporting being quite a bit/very much financially stressed. Conclusions: These findings suggest that within approximately the first 6 months, the COVID-19 pandemic had a substantial impact on cancer patients' lives, with adverse effects on health behaviors and financial stress. Healthcare delivery continued for essential cancer care but was disrupted for other services, such as cancer screening. Further analyses are underway. Funding: U01CA206110 and R01CA211705. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2021
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38. Early Life Exposure to Tobacco Smoke and Ovarian Cancer Risk in Adulthood.

Author

Wang, T., Townsend, M. K., Vinci, C., Jake-Schoffman, D. E., and Tworoger, S. S.

Abstract

Background: Ovarian cancer risk in adulthood may be affected by early life exposure to tobacco smoke. We investigated this relationship in two large prospective cohorts, the Nurses' Health Study (NHS) and NHSII. Methods: In total, analyses included 110,305 NHS participants (1976-2016) and 112,859 NHSII participants (1989-2017). Self-reported early life smoking exposures were queried at baseline or follow-up questionnaires. Cox proportional hazards models were used to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for risk of ovarian cancer overall and by tumor histotype. Results: Compared with women who never smoked, ovarian cancer risk was similar for women who started to smoke at age <18 (HR = 0.98, 95%CI: 0.86-1.11) or =18 (HR = 1.02, 95%CI: 0.93-1.12). Overall, ovarian cancer risk was not different among participants whose mother did versus did not smoke during pregnancy (HR = 1.05, 95%CI: 0.87-1.27); however, an increased risk was observed among women who themselves were never smokers (HR = 1.38, 95%CI: 1.05-1.81) but not ever smokers (HR = 0.86, 95%CI: 0.66-1.14; Pheterogeneity = 0.02). These associations did not differ by histotype (Pheterogeneity=0.35). Parental smoking in the home during childhood/adolescence was related to a 15% increased risk of ovarian cancer in adulthood (HR = 1.15, 95%CI: 1.04-1.27) and this association was notably stronger among women with non-serous/low-grade serous tumors (HR = 1.28, 95%CI: 1.02-1.61) versus high-grade serous/poorly differentiated tumors (HR = 1.09, 95%CI: 0.93-1.28, Pheterogeneity = 0.25). Conclusions: Exposure to parental tobacco smoke, but not early initiation of smoking, was associated with a modest elevated risk of ovarian cancer. Further investigations are required to confirm these findings and elucidate underlying mechanisms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2021
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43. The role of area deprivation index in health care disruptions among cancer survivors during the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic.

Author

Wagner RW, Natori A, Prinsloo S, Otto AK, Saez-Clarke E, Ochoa JM, Tworoger SS, Ulrich CM, Hathaway CA, Ahmed S, McQuade JL, Peoples AR, Antoni MH, Penedo FJ, and Cohen L

Subjects
Humans, Male, Female, Middle Aged, Cross-Sectional Studies, Adult, Aged, SARS-CoV-2, Surveys and Questionnaires, Residence Characteristics statistics & numerical data, Neoplasms epidemiology, Neoplasms therapy, Health Services Accessibility statistics & numerical data, Socioeconomic Factors, Pandemics, Telemedicine statistics & numerical data, COVID-19 epidemiology, Cancer Survivors statistics & numerical data, Cancer Survivors psychology, Quality of Life
Abstract

Objective: To examine the associations between demographic/medical and geographic factors with follow-up medical care and health-related quality of life (HRQoL) among cancer survivors during the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic., Study Design: Cross-sectional survey., Methods: An online survey was sent to cancer survivors between May 2020 and January 2021, exploring their experience with SARS-CoV-2, follow-up care, and HRQoL. PolicyMap was used to geocode home addresses. Both geographic and demographic/medical factors were examined for their associations with SARS-CoV-2 experience, follow-up care, and HRQoL (FACT-G7)., Results: Geographic data were available for 9651 participants. Patients living in the highest area deprivation index (ADI) neighborhoods (most deprived) had higher odds of avoiding in-person general (odds ratio [OR] = 7.20; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 2.79-18.60), cancer (OR = 8.47; 95% CI = 3.73-19.30), and emergency (OR = 14.2; 95% CI = 5.57-36.30) medical care, as well as lower odds of using telemedicine (OR = 0.61; 95% CI = 0.52-0.73) compared to the lowest ADI group. Race/ethnicity was not associated with follow-up care after controlling for ADI. The effect of ADI on HRQoL was generally in the expected direction, with higher ADI being associated with worse HRQoL., Conclusions: ADI influenced follow-up medical care more than age, race/ethnicity, or health insurance type. Healthcare providers and institutions should focus on decreasing barriers to in-person and telemedicine health care that disproportionally impact those living in more deprived communities, which are exacerbated by health care disruptions like those caused by the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic., (Copyright © 2024 The Royal Society for Public Health. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)

Published
2024
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44. Steroid hormone measurements from different types of assays in relation to body mass index and breast cancer risk in postmenopausal women: Reanalysis of eighteen prospective studies.

Author

Key TJ, Appleby PN, Reeves GK, Travis RC, Brinton LA, Helzlsouer KJ, Dorgan JF, Gapstur SM, Gaudet MM, Kaaks R, Riboli E, Rinaldi S, Manjer J, Hallmans G, Giles GG, Le Marchand L, Kolonel LN, Henderson BE, Tworoger SS, Hankinson SE, Zeleniuch-Jacquotte A, Koenig K, Krogh V, Sieri S, Muti P, Ziegler RG, Schairer C, Fuhrman BJ, Barrett-Connor E, Laughlin GA, Grant EJ, Cologne J, Ohishi W, Hida A, Cauley JA, Fourkala EO, Menon U, Rohan TE, Strickler HD, and Gunter MJ

Subjects
Female, Humans, Prospective Studies, Risk Factors, Body Mass Index, Breast Neoplasms etiology, Estradiol blood, Estrone blood, Postmenopause blood, Testosterone blood
Abstract

Epidemiological studies have examined breast cancer risk in relation to sex hormone concentrations measured by different methods: "extraction" immunoassays (with prior purification by organic solvent extraction, with or without column chromatography), "direct" immunoassays (no prior extraction or column chromatography), and more recently with mass spectrometry-based assays. We describe the associations of estradiol, estrone and testosterone with both body mass index and breast cancer risk in postmenopausal women according to assay method, using data from a collaborative pooled analysis of 18 prospective studies. In general, hormone concentrations were highest in studies that used direct assays and lowest in studies that used mass spectrometry-based assays. Estradiol and estrone were strongly positively associated with body mass index, regardless of the assay method; testosterone was positively associated with body mass index for direct assays, but less clearly for extraction assays, and there were few data for mass spectrometry assays. The correlations of estradiol with body mass index, estrone and testosterone were lower for direct assays than for extraction and mass spectrometry assays, suggesting that the estimates from the direct assays were less precise. For breast cancer risk, all three hormones were strongly positively associated with risk regardless of assay method (except for testosterone by mass spectrometry where there were few data), with no statistically significant differences in the trends, but differences may emerge as new data accumulate. Future epidemiological and clinical research studies should continue to use the most accurate assays that are feasible within the design characteristics of each study., (Copyright © 2014 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)

Published
2015
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45. Sex hormones and risk of breast cancer in premenopausal women: a collaborative reanalysis of individual participant data from seven prospective studies.

Author

Key TJ, Appleby PN, Reeves GK, Travis RC, Alberg AJ, Barricarte A, Berrino F, Krogh V, Sieri S, Brinton LA, Dorgan JF, Dossus L, Dowsett M, Eliassen AH, Fortner RT, Hankinson SE, Helzlsouer KJ, Hoff man-Bolton J, Comstock GW, Kaaks R, Kahle LL, Muti P, Overvad K, Peeters PH, Riboli E, Rinaldi S, Rollison DE, Stanczyk FZ, Trichopoulos D, Tworoger SS, and Vineis P

Subjects
Adult, Body Mass Index, Breast Neoplasms blood, Cooperative Behavior, Dehydroepiandrosterone Sulfate blood, Female, Humans, Prospective Studies, Sex Hormone-Binding Globulin analysis, Breast Neoplasms etiology, Gonadal Steroid Hormones blood, Premenopause
Abstract

Background: Associations between circulating concentrations of oestrogens, progesterone, and androgens with breast cancer and related risk factors in premenopausal women are not well understood. We aimed to characterise these associations with a pooled analysis of data from seven studies., Methods: Individual participant data for prediagnostic sex hormone and sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG) concentrations were contributed from seven prospective studies. We restricted analyses to women who were premenopausal and younger than 50 years at blood collection, and to women with breast cancer diagnosed before age 50 years. We estimated odds ratios (ORs) with 95% CIs for breast cancer associated with hormone concentrations by conditional logistic regression in cases and controls matched for age, date of blood collection, and day of cycle, with stratification by study and further adjustment for cycle phase. We examined associations of hormones with risk factors for breast cancer in control women by comparing geometric mean hormone concentrations in categories of these risk factors, adjusted for study, age, phase of menstrual cycle, and body-mass index (BMI). All statistical tests were two-sided., Findings: We included data for up to 767 women with breast cancer and 1699 controls in the risk analyses. Breast cancer risk was associated with a doubling in concentrations of oestradiol (OR 1·19, 95% CI 1·06-1·35), calculated free oestradiol (1·17, 1·03-1·33), oestrone (1·27, 1·05-1·54), androstenedione (1·30, 1·10-1·55), dehydroepiandrosterone sulphate (1·17, 1·04-1·32), testosterone (1·18, 1·03-1·35), and calculated free testosterone (1·08, 0·97-1·21). Breast cancer risk was not associated with luteal phase progesterone (doubling in concentration OR 1·00, 95% CI 0·92-1·09), and adjustment for other factors had little effect on any of these ORs. Cross-sectional analyses in control women showed several associations of sex hormones with breast cancer risk factors., Interpretation: Circulating oestrogens and androgens are positively associated with the risk for breast cancer in premenopausal women., (Copyright © 2013 Endogenous Hormones and Breast Cancer Collaborative Group. Open Access article distributed under the terms of CC BY. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)

Published
2013
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46. Circulating sex hormones and breast cancer risk factors in postmenopausal women: reanalysis of 13 studies.

Author

Key TJ, Appleby PN, Reeves GK, Roddam AW, Helzlsouer KJ, Alberg AJ, Rollison DE, Dorgan JF, Brinton LA, Overvad K, Kaaks R, Trichopoulou A, Clavel-Chapelon F, Panico S, Duell EJ, Peeters PH, Rinaldi S, Fentiman IS, Dowsett M, Manjer J, Lenner P, Hallmans G, Baglietto L, English DR, Giles GG, Hopper JL, Severi G, Morris HA, Hankinson SE, Tworoger SS, Koenig K, Zeleniuch-Jacquotte A, Arslan AA, Toniolo P, Shore RE, Krogh V, Micheli A, Berrino F, Barrett-Connor E, Laughlin GA, Kabuto M, Akiba S, Stevens RG, Neriishi K, Land CE, Cauley JA, Lui LY, Cummings SR, Gunter MJ, Rohan TE, and Strickler HD

Subjects
Adult, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Breast Neoplasms blood, Carcinoma blood, Cross-Sectional Studies, Female, Humans, Middle Aged, Pregnancy, Retrospective Studies, Risk Factors, Breast Neoplasms etiology, Carcinoma etiology, Gonadal Steroid Hormones blood, Postmenopause blood
Abstract

Background: Breast cancer risk for postmenopausal women is positively associated with circulating concentrations of oestrogens and androgens, but the determinants of these hormones are not well understood., Methods: Cross-sectional analyses of breast cancer risk factors and circulating hormone concentrations in more than 6000 postmenopausal women controls in 13 prospective studies., Results: Concentrations of all hormones were lower in older than younger women, with the largest difference for dehydroepiandrosterone sulphate (DHEAS), whereas sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG) was higher in the older women. Androgens were lower in women with bilateral ovariectomy than in naturally postmenopausal women, with the largest difference for free testosterone. All hormones were higher in obese than lean women, with the largest difference for free oestradiol, whereas SHBG was lower in obese women. Smokers of 15+ cigarettes per day had higher levels of all hormones than non-smokers, with the largest difference for testosterone. Drinkers of 20+ g alcohol per day had higher levels of all hormones, but lower SHBG, than non-drinkers, with the largest difference for DHEAS. Hormone concentrations were not strongly related to age at menarche, parity, age at first full-term pregnancy or family history of breast cancer., Conclusion: Sex hormone concentrations were strongly associated with several established or suspected risk factors for breast cancer, and may mediate the effects of these factors on breast cancer risk.

Published
2011
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