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Psoriasis is a chronic inflammatory condition that is polygenic and multisystemic, impacting approximately 2–3% of the global population. The onset of this disease is influenced by an intricate interplay of genetic and environmental factors, predisposing individuals to the psoriasis phenotype. The complex pathogenesis of psoriasis contains certain key aspects found in other autoinflammatory and autoimmune dermatological diseases. Among these, vitiligo, alopecia areata, hidradenitis suppurativa, vitiligo, connective tissue diseases, bullous dermatoses, and atopic dermatitis are conditions that share overlapping immune system dysfunction, making their relationship with psoriasis particularly significant. For our research, we explored various terms including "shared", "concomitant", "coincident", "overlap", "coexist", and "concurrent", in relation to conditions such as "psoriasis", "alopecia areata", "hidradenitis suppurativa", "atopic dermatitis", "vitiligo", "bullous pemphigoid", "pemphigus vulgaris", "lupus erythematosus", "dermatomyositis", and "systemic sclerosis." Additionally, we used specific search queries like "atopic dermatitis overlapping syndrome" and "psoriasis and vitiligo concomitant disease" in the PubMed and Web of Science databases. While distinct in their clinical presentation, the skin diseases related to psoriasis may become associated, complicating diagnosis and treatment. In this narrative review, the complex pathophysiology of psoriasis is described, along with its close relationship to other skin conditions. This review provides an exhaustive description of both immunological and non-immunological pathways contributing to their development. Understanding the intricate interconnection between psoriasis and these conditions is of interest to scientists in developing novel research directions and to clinicians in providing holistic care, as managing one condition may influence the course of others. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Neurofibromatosis is a genetic disorder arising de novo or with an autosomal dominant transmission that typically presents either at birth or in early childhood, manifesting through distinctive clinical features such as multiple café-au-lait spots, benign tumors in the skin, bone enlargement, and deformities. This literature review aims to resume the spectrum of maternal and fetal complications encountered in pregnant women with neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1). Thorough research was conducted on databases such as Web of Science, PubMed, Science Direct, Google Scholar, and Wiley Online Library. This review includes 48 case reports, original studies, and reviews on NF1 in pregnancy. The research on the interlink between NF1 and fertility and its influence on human-assisted reproduction techniques is limited. Preimplantation testing (by in vitro fertilization) and prenatal diagnosis (by chorionic villus sampling or amniocentesis) are available to detect affected fetuses. However, genotype–phenotype correlation is difficult to predict. Preconceptional planning and targeted investigations are crucial in understanding the extent of maternal disease. Although in some cases lesions can evolve rapidly during pregnancy, most pregnancies and births in NF1 go well with careful planning. There is a higher incidence of pheochromocytomas and pre-eclampsia, vascular rupture, and cardio-respiratory issues. Anesthesia at birth is a challenge in most cases, and before offering spinal anesthesia, imaging tests should be performed to characterize spinal lesions. General anesthesia may also be challenging when the disease affects the face, neck, upper spine, or airways. Birth-related difficulties may arise because of large neurofibromas located at the level of skin incision or birth canal; uterine atony may be expected if there are uterine lesions. Some complications can develop in postpartum, and affected women should be carefully followed even after pregnancy. Fetal risks include preterm birth (spontaneous or iatrogenic), growth restriction and developmental issues, birth complications, cardiovascular risk, and fetal/neonatal demise. Pregnancies in women with NF1 should be regarded as high-risk and followed in a multidisciplinary fashion. Careful assessment of lesions is of utmost importance before and during pregnancy for anticipating potential maternal risks and before birth to plan anesthesia and delivery. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: In the context of modern cancer therapy, the management of adverse effects of systemic therapies can lead to the avoidance of underdosing and withdrawal and increases in the quality of the therapeutic act and the quality of life. This review offers an overview of the skin-related toxicities associated with Cabozantinib, a multikinase inhibitor (MKI) that is approved for treating advanced kidney cancer, hepatocellular carcinoma, and medullary thyroid cancer. It covers the most common dermatological side effects, such as palmar–plantar erythrodysesthesia, stomatitis, hair alterations, xerosis, scrotal erythema, and subungual splinter hemorrhages. Additionally, this review includes suggested preventive strategies and management approaches based on the severity of these adverse effects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Gestational pemphigoid is a rare, autoimmune, subepidermal bullous disease with an incidence of 1 in 50,000 pregnancies, displaying itself through pruritic erythema and urticarial papules and plaques that evolve into tense bullae. Histopathological findings consist of subepidermal vesicles with perivascular eosinophils and lymphocytes, and direct immunofluorescence reveals C3 complement and, more rarely, IgG in a linear band along the basement membrane. The course is usually self-limiting within 6 months after delivery but, later, can be triggered by subsequent pregnancies, menstruation, or treatment with oral contraceptives. The newborn can be affected due to the transplacental passage of the maternal immunoglobulins, but, usually, less than 10% of newborns will develop lesions similar to pemphigoid gestationis. The diagnosis and management pose a difficult challenge and should be guided by the severity of the disease. We, therefore, provide a short literature review and discussion plus a case from our clinic, with a typical presentation but a delayed diagnosis and an undulating evolution, with severe manifestations and particularly difficult management due to unexpected complications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Hereditary angioedema (HAE) is a rare and potentially life-threatening genetic disorder, constituting approximately 2% of all clinical cases of angioedema, with a global prevalence estimated between 1 in 50,000 and 1 in 150,000 individuals. The condition affects individuals of all genders and ethnic backgrounds without significant variation. HAE is classified into three types. Type I HAE, which accounts for 85% of cases, is characterized by a deficiency of the C1 esterase inhibitor (C1-INH) gene. Type II HAE, making up 15% of cases, involves a dysfunctional C1-INH. Type III HAE, which represents about 5% to 10% of cases, is often estrogen-dependent and although several mutations have been identified, it typically involves normal C1-INH activity. Despite the differences in C1-INH functionality, all three types of HAE manifest with similar clinical symptoms. HAE leads to recurrent episodes of non-pruritic angioedema, which occurs in the absence of urticaria. Breakthroughs in understanding HAE pathophysiology have revolutionized treatment, leading to the development of highly targeted therapies for both acute management and long-term prevention. Meanwhile, cutting-edge advancements in omics technologies are unlocking new possibilities for biomarker discovery, paving the way for more precise diagnoses and personalized treatment strategies that could significantly enhance patient outcomes. This review will delve into the intricate pathophysiology, diverse clinical presentations, and diagnostic challenges of HAE while exploring emerging biomarkers and innovative approaches to therapeutic management and prevention strategies. Additionally, it will underscore the vital importance of screening family members of affected individuals, even when symptoms are not present. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Granuloma annulare (GA) is a benign chronic inflammatory dermatosis, self-limited, slightly pruritic or asymptomatic in the majority of the cases, with specific clinically and histologically features, that occurs in all age groups, but it is rare in infancy. GA is associated to five clinical variants: localized, generalized, perforating, subcutaneous and arcuate dermal erythema. The etiology of GA is usually unknown, but in 60-75% of the cases it is associated with metabolic disorders (diabetes mellitus, dyslipidemia), thyroid disorders, neoplasms, infections or drug induced. We present a psoriasis case treated with anti TNFa agents, Adalimumab, that after three and a half years of treatment developed GA. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Early recognition of melanoma in situ (MIS) is an ongoing challenge in dermatology. It rarely arises 'de novo', most frequently resulting due to the transformation of an atypical nevus. The diagnostic criteria for MIS are diverse dermoscopy being the most used and it has a sensitivity of 83% and a specificity of 69% in detecting melanomas. The main objective of our study was to establish the sensitivity and the specificity of each of the 7-point checklist criteria used to differentiate melanocytic nevi from in situ malignant melanoma. The study group included 200 patients, aged over 18 years, with atypical pigmentary nevi after clinical aspects that presented changes in clinical appearance (shape, color, dimensions) during the last 6 months. On each patient we used the 7-point checklist of Argenziano (C1-C7). The study was performed at the Medical Center Dr. Ianosi, in Craiova between January 2016 and September 2018 and it was used Molemax HD computerized dermatoscope. The C1÷C3 criteria are significantly relevant in establishing the diagnosis of MIS in comparison with the diagnosis of nevus, unlike the C4-C7 criterion that is not definitely relevant for confirmation of the MIS diagnosis. There are no enough specific dermoscopic criteria to differentiate MIS from atypical nevus. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Melanonychia is the brown or black color of the finger or toe nail due to melanin deposition or melanocytes in the nail plate. The evidence of melanocytic disease is made by the dermatoscope, which allows to highlight the anomalies of the plate. The purpose of our study was to evaluate dermatoscopically the melanonychia, both in the form of stain and longitudinal on finger and/or toe nails in order to establish the type of nail hyperpigmentation. Materials and method: 33 patients with longitudinal and stain melanonychia were examined with 30x Molemax HD computerized dermatoscope between May 2017-septembre 2018 in this prospective study conducted in the Department of Dermatology of Medical Center Dr. Ianosi (Craiova, Romania). Clinical data included: type of melanonychia, number and name of involved fingers, the presence or absence of fungal infections, nail apparatus tumors or hemorrhage. Results: The most frequent nail diagnosis was fungal infection (onychomycosis) observed in 18 patients (54.54%), malignant melanoma was diagnosed in 1 patient (3.03%) and the junctional nevus in 4 patients (12.12%). In 18 patients which has longitudinal melanonychia, the most frequent involved finger was the big toe, and in 15 patients which has stain melanonychia, all of them (100%) had affected the big toe, 7 (46.66%) patients had affected the thumb and the same percent the forth finger. Conclusion: Nail dermatoscopy is an important method in establishing the diagnosis of melanonychia and allowed to avoid unnecessary biopsy for melanonychia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the last two decades Nd: YAG laser has become a standard of treatment of telangiectasias of the lower limbs in C1EAP stage of chronic venous insufficiency. This paper shows the results of a two years study period of telangiectasias of lower limbs with Nd: YAG laser conducted in a specialised centre in this type of procedures. The study group consisted of 446 patients (21 males and 425 females) with telangiectasias (C1EAP) on the lower limbs between January 2016-December 2017. The patients had to complete a form in which they noted the initial state on a scale from 1 to 10 but also the result of the treatment and the intensity of the pain during the laser treatment. Moreover, the doctor also evaluated the results of the treatment for each and every patient taking also into account the initial phase of the disease. We observed a significant improvement of the clinical appearance (the reduction of telangiectasias) almost in the entire study group, regardless of the gender and the age, but the intensity of the pain was higher in men and in persons under the age of 30. Based on these data we can conclude that Nd: YAG laser represents a minimally invasive therapeutic option with minor side effects and major aesthetic results and furthermore it can be combined with several other methods (microsclerotherapy, radiofrequency, complex surgery) in order to improve peripheral chronic venous insufficiency. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]