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The diverse applications of Wireless sensor Networks (WSNs) significantly influences many aspect of human society and life style. One of the prominent research objective of WSNs is to prolong the network life span without degrading its performance. Many researchers have developed cluster based routing and data aggregations technique to meet the above requirements. However, a significant amount of energy has been consumed during cluster formation technique. Therefore, a hierarchical clustering data gathering protocol for multi sink architecture has been proposed. The optimal numbers of sink nodes have been placed to limit communication overhead. In addition to this Additive Silent and Zero Start approach has been adopted to manage the traffic load that increases the lifespan of WSN. The simulation has been carried out in Network Simulator (NS2) and the proposed method outperforms than its existing counterparts with respect to energy consumption, delay, miss ratio and packet delivery ratio.

The evolution of wireless body area network (WBAN) has changed the human life for its applications in the field of health care, fitness, entertainment, sports, etc. However, two of the major challenges in the design of WBAN are energy efficiency and guaranteeing QoS. The introduction of multichannel scheme has reduced the delay and increase the throughput by allowing parallel transmission in the WBANs and biosensors. In this paper, we propose time-sharing multichannel MAC for wireless body area network with an intention for real time and guaranteed delivery of emergency data and maximize energy efficiency. The objective is to design an efficient time-sharing multichannel MAC protocol for WBANs for energy-efficient transmission with low interference. Each node has been statically allocated to the time slots and channels so that they can wake up at their time slots and transmit their data. The proposed method is simulated using Castalia to study and compare its performance with its counterparts. The simulation results reveal that the proposed protocol works better than the existing methods in terms of delay, throughput and energy efficiency.

e-healthcare system plays a vital role in day-to-day life, particularly very useful for monitoring old and sick people. Many standards have been developed to meet above requirement. However, the standard like IEEE 802.15.4 is inefficient due to limited number of slots. The standard like IEEE 802.15.6 removes the loopholes of above standard by improving efficiency and quality of service of healthcare system. The main contribution of our proposed work is to modify the IEEE 802.15.6 standard such that more than one emergency data can be transmitted at a time and we also applied energy saving technique to save energy. All the simulation works are done in Castalia simulator. The simulation works reveal that the proposed protocol works better than existing counterparts in terms of throughput, energy consumption, and packet delivery delay.

Wireless Body Area Network is an intelligent health monitoring system. Various models such as IEEE 802.15.4 and IEEE 802.15.6 are used in this network. The key challenges of this network are energy consumption as well as transmission of emergency data in strict real time reliable manner. This protocol presents a novel Priority based Packet Balanced Queue MAC protocol in Wireless Body Area Network which uses IEEE 802.15.6 model. The main goal of this article is to forward the most critical packets over on-demand and non-critical packets. The protocol uses two separate queues for the critical packets based on their threshold value for this purpose. This protocol also consider the remaining time of critical packets for the comparison of same type of packets. Another facility of this protocol is that the on-demand packets can be transmitted earlier if there are no packets in both HTEQ and LTEQ. This work has been more attractive over their counterparts in terms of throughput, packet delivery ration, Delay and Energy Consumption.

Wireless Body Area Network (WBAN) has attracted the researchers during the last decade due to its wide range of applications. However, QoS requirement, prolong network lifetime and supporting different types of traffics produced by various sensors are the prominent barriers for deploying the network. A number of Medium Access Control (MAC) protocols have been developed to meet the above requirements. However, stringent Qos requirement, energy efficiency and delivery of emergency data have become the prime objectives of the researchers. In this paper, we propose an energy efficient real-time reliable media access control (ER-MAC) protocol for QoS-aware data transmission over WBAN with prolonged network life time. This protocol is based on IEEE 802.15.4 model which is very popular in healthcare application due to its low power and low cost features. Our proposed ER-MAC protocol modifies the super frame of IEEE 802.15.4 model with an intention to reducing the loss rate and delay of the emergency data without degrading the QoS of non emergent data. The proposed protocol is compared with existing protocol through the simulation carried out in Castalia 3.2. The simulation results reveal that ER-MAC outperforms the existing counterparts.

The healthcare sensor network is one of the emerging areas of research for both computer science and health professionals. One of the key challenges in this network is that the traffic in emergency situation requires certain quality of service (QoS) parameters. The medium access control (MAC) layer plays a vital role for reliable and on-time data delivery in the healthcare sensor network. In this paper, we propose a new HealthCare MAC (HC-MAC) protocol for guaranteeing QoS to the emergency traffic without degrading the performance of the network for other traffics. In HC-MAC, the node that has the data request to reserve the time slot. The proposed protocol prioritizes the nodes according to the type of data they want to transmit. This always guarantees the successful and on-time delivery of the emergency traffic. Furthermore, the protocol also uses a multihop technique to increase the throughput and timeliness of other traffics.