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The Ozarks Isoprene Experiment (OZIE) was conducted in July 1998 in Missouri, Illinois, Indiana, and Oklahoma. OZIE was designed to investigate the presumed strong isoprene emission rates from the Missouri Ozarks, where there is a high density of oak trees that are efficient isoprene emitters. Ground, balloon, and aircraft measurements were taken over a three-week study period; 0-D and 3-D chemical models were subsequently used to better understand the observed isoprene emissions from the Ozarks and to investigate their potential regional-scale impacts. Leaf-level measurements for two oak tree species yielded normalized average isoprene emission capacities of 66 mgC g-1 h-1, in good agreement with values used in current biogenic emissions models. However, the emission capacities exhibited a temperature dependence that is not captured by commonly used biogenic emission models. Isoprene mixing ratios measured aloft from tethered balloon systems were used to estimate isoprene fluxes. These measurement-derived fluxes agreed with BEIS3 estimates within the relatively large uncertainties in the estimates. Ground-level isoprene mixing ratios exhibited substantial spatial heterogeneity, ranging from

This article describes a case of a snowboarder who presented with lower back and hip pain caused by a psoas abscess secondary to Crohn's disease. The patient had previously been treated with Infliximab infusions for Crohn's disease but had been unable to obtain medication due to the COVID-19 pandemic. The patient underwent imaging which revealed a right-sided abscess, and he was admitted for inpatient management. After antibiotic therapy and drain placement, the patient's symptoms resolved, and he was able to return to his normal activities. The article emphasizes the importance of considering intra-abdominal or retroperitoneal pathology in patients with Crohn's disease who present with back pain and recommends contrast-enhanced CT scans for diagnosis. [Extracted from the article]

In this paper, I offer something of a prolegomenon, outlining some areas in which certain strands of biblical theology and analytic theological reflection can be mutually informative. To do so, my paper unfolds in three ways. In the first section, I provide some reasons to think that biblical theologians are onto a reading of Scripture that merits the attention of analytic theologians. In section II, I outline some areas in the biblical theological data that would benefit from analytic exploration and reflection. Finally, in sections III and IV, I present a test case: the imago Dei and the importance of the future bodily resurrection. This should help show how this strand of biblical theology and analytic theological reflection can be mutually informative.

The article presents a speech by lawyer Van D. Turner, Jr., delivered during a symposium held in Tennessee. Topics discussed include the role of history in his formal and informal education, his decision to take on the fight for racial history both as a lawyer and as a political and community leader, and the inspiration given to him by professor Fran Ansley.

Context: Management of wild horses (Equus caballus) on public lands in the western United States by gathering and removing surplus animals has historically failed to keep up with annual population growth. Research has yielded several effective contraceptive agents but these agents have not been widely applied, especially on difficult-to-access horses occupying expansive ranges. Aims: This study examined wild horse population growth reduction associated with controlled-release PZP-22 immunocontraceptive vaccine treatments in two challenging herd management areas (HMA) in the western United States. Methods: Populations of wild horse herds at Cedar Mountain HMA, Utah (CM), and Sand Wash Basin HMA, Colorado (SWB), USA, were primed with PZP-22 in gathers conducted in 2008 and 2012 (CM only) and boosted with PZP-22 or native PZP administered by dart (SWB in 2010) or by hand (CM in 2012). The two herds were intensively observed between 2008 and 2015. Population size, mortality, reproductive rates and growth rates were calculated from exhaustive inventories of known individuals. Key results: Adult and foal mortality were low at both sites. Consequently, both reproductive rates and population growth rates were strongly predicted by a fertility control index, the product of proportion of mares treated and vaccine efficacy. Following the 2012 CM gather, at which 69% of the mares present were treated, only 20% of mares in the herd foaled, and population growth rate decreased by 74% relative to baseline levels, emphasising the importance of treating a large majority of mares. Conclusions: Contraception can significantly reduce rates of population growth in wild horse herds that occupy large areas and are challenging to access. Multiple-year efforts and recruitment of new mares into the treatment population beyond the initial application are needed to achieve a biologically significant impact. Implications: The strong quantitative relationship between proportion of mares treated and vaccine efficacy and population growth rates should allow managers to better forecast the effort and number of removals (if any) needed to cost-effectively regulate wild horse population numbers and protect the range ecosystem. Between 2008 and 2015, we observed and treated mares with the PZP-22 immunocontraceptive vaccine on two large wild horse ranges in the western USA. Mares were hand-treated during gathers or remotely darted. Population growth decreased linearly as the proportion of mares treated and vaccine effectiveness increased, with growth rates diminishing by as much as 74% relative to baseline levels. Photograph by Allen Rutberg. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Simple Summary: Because the ethical foundation for the management of free-roaming horses and burros is very muddled, debates over approaches to their management, including fertility control, focus almost exclusively on practicality. In the U.S., this tendency is reinforced by the federal laws that govern public lands management, which center decision-making processes on calculations about how to divide yield among users. Inevitably, outside market forces bias these decisions towards overuse, which ultimately harms the land. In our view, the land and all its inhabitants, including free-roaming horses and burros, wildlife, and people, will only thrive if the pressures of commercial use are removed, and if management is guided by ethics of care, which have rich and diverse cultural origins. Application of care ethics will specifically provide more clarity to horse and burro management, including the selection of appropriate fertility control agents. To be effective and publicly acceptable, management of free-roaming horses and burros in the United States and elsewhere needs a consistent ethical framing of the animals and the land they occupy. In the U.S., the two laws that largely govern wild horse and burro management, the 1971 Wild Free-Roaming Horse and Burro Act and the 1976 Federal Land Policy and Management Act ("FLPMA"), rest on conflicting foundations, the former based on an ethic of care and the latter on largely utilitarian principles. These conflicts specifically fuel debates over the selection of appropriate fertility control agents for horse and burro management. Because land-use and management decisions are largely controlled by the FLPMA, and because the ethical treatment of animals is typically considered under conditions established by their use, both the larger debate about equids and land management and the specific debate about fertility control are dominated by cost/benefit calculations and avoid broader ethical considerations. In our view, the long-term health and ethical treatment of free-roaming horses and burros, the lands they occupy, and the wildlife and people they share it with will require the replacement of the resource-use model with a more holistic, care-based approach. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The management of free-roaming horses (Equus ferus) and burros (E. asinus) in the United States has been referred to as a "wicked problem" because, although there are population control options, societal values will ultimately determine what is acceptable and what is not. In the United States, free-roaming equids are managed by different types of organizations and agencies, and the landscapes that these animals inhabit vary widely in terms of access, size, topography, climate, natural resources, flora, and fauna. This landscape diversity, coupled with contemporary socioeconomic and political environments, means that adaptive management practices are needed to regulate these free-roaming populations. The Bureau of Land Management (BLM) currently manages free-roaming equids on 177 herd management areas in the United States by applying fertility control measures in situ and/or removing horses, which are either adopted by private individuals or sent to long-term holding facilities. The BLM off-range population currently includes >50,000 animals and costs approximately $50 million USD per year to maintain; on-range equid numbers were estimated in March 2022 to be approximately 82,384. On-range populations can grow at 15--20% annually, and current estimates far exceed the designated appropriate management level of 26,715. To reduce population recruitment, managers need better information about effective, long-lasting or permanent fertility control measures. Because mares breed only once a year, fertility control studies take years to complete. Some contraceptive approaches have been studied for decades, and results from various trials can collectively inform future research directions and actions. Employing 1 or more fertility control tools in concert with removals offers the best potential for success. Active, iterative, cooperative, and thoughtful management practices can protect free-roaming horses while simultaneously protecting the habitat. Herein, we review contraceptive vaccines, intrauterine devices, and surgical sterilization options for controlling fertility of free-roaming horses. This review provides managers with a "fertility control toolbox" and guides future research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This research examines how school choice impacts school segregation. Specifically, this work demonstrates that even if parents do not take the racial demographics of schools into account, preference differences between Black and White parents for other school attributes can still result in segregation. These preference differences stem from motivational differences in pursuit of social status. Given that the de facto US racial hierarchy assigns Black people to a lower social status, Black parents are more motivated to seek schools that signal that they can improve their children's status. Simulations of parental school decisions at scale show that preference differences under an unmitigated school-choice policy lead to more segregated schools, impacting more than half a million US children for every 3-percentage-point increase in school-choice availability. In contrast, if Black andWhite parents have similar preferences, unmitigated school choice would reduce racial segregation. This research may inform public policy concerning school choice and school segregation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Human-generated negative impacts on aquatic environments are rising. Despite wild fish playing a key role in aquatic ecologies and comprising a major global food source, physiological consequences of these impacts on them are poorly understood. Here we address the issue through the lens of interrelationship between wild fish and their gut microbiota, hypothesizing that fish microbiota are reporters of the aquatic environs. Two geographically separate teleost wild-fish species were studied (Lake Erie, Ohio, and Caribbean Sea, US Virgin Islands). At each geolocation, fresh fecal samples were collected from fish in areas of presence or absence of known aquatic compromise. Gut microbiota was assessed via microbial 16S-rRNA gene sequencing and represents the first complete report for both fish species. Despite marked differences in geography, climate, water type, fish species, habitat, diet, and gut microbial compositions, the pattern of shifts in microbiota shared by both fish species was nearly identical due to aquatic compromise. Next, these data were subjected to machine learning (ML) to examine reliability of using the fish-gut microbiota as an ecomarker for anthropogenic aquatic impacts. Independent of geolocation, ML predicted aquatic compromise with remarkable accuracy (>90%). Overall, this study represents the first multispecies stress-related comparison of its kind and demonstrates the potential of artificial intelligence via ML as a tool for biomonitoring and detecting compromised aquatic conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper examines the life of Bishop Randle E. Witcher the last State Overseer for the Church of God Colored Work in New York State. His life and ministry are examined through the lens of transformational leadership. The central argument is that Bishop Witcher's transformational pastoral leadership is evidenced by his ministerial works of racial resistance and racial uplift rooted in the theological concept of grace. Racial resistance is demonstrated by his continued participation and leadership within a segregated Black ministry space created by the racist norms of his denomination. Racial uplift is demonstrated by: 1) his example of modeling grace and lifelong learning, 2) the institutionalization and expansion of the Church of God in the state of New York, and 3) the economic empowerment of the local African Americans religious community in Rochester, New York through asset accumulation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In a recent paper, Andrew Jaeger and Jeremy Sienkiewicz attempt to provide an answer consistent with Thomistic hylemorphism for the following question: what was the ontological status of Christ's dead body? Answering this question has christological anthropological import: whatever one says about Christ's dead body, has implications for what one can say about any human's dead body. Jaeger and Sienkiewicz answer the question this way: that Jesus' corpse was prime matter lacking a substantial form; that it was existing form-less matter. I argue that their argument for this answer is unsound. I say, given Thomistic hylemorphism, there was no human body in Jesus's tomb between his death and resurrection. Once I show their argument to be unsound, I provide a christological anthropological upshot: since there was no human body in Christ's tomb, there are no human bodies in any tomb. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Black males like other students face struggles persisting in college; however, in predominantly White colleges they must deal with issues of race and cultural differences. The purpose of this study was to explore how Charismatic Black males culturally navigate these types of social contexts. Using an exploratory qualitative design, three themes emerged including: (a) having a distinct cultural orientation, (b) hood socialization as a framework for persistence and resistance, and (c) negotiating support. The results from the study suggest that Charismatic Black males maintain connections to their community of origin and employ survival techniques to culturally navigate White two-year college spaces. The article concludes with a discussion and practical implications of these findings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Graphene is a novel material with extraordinary promise in various nano-based applications, including increases in strength, conductivity, filtration, and electrical capacity. Graphene can be synthesized and tested in a wide variety of applications in secondary or undergraduate settings. Allowing students to choose their own application and method of testing the graphene they synthesize is an engaging and authentic project based on engineering design and grounded in the tenets of constructivism. One of the many possible applications, reinforcement of paper mache by graphene, is easily adapted, uses familiar materials and methods, is cheap, and is easy to test. This student-centered project has led to increases in student content knowledge and lab skills. It increases students' confidence in designing their own solutions, analyzing data, and using scientific inquiry and engineering design. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Actual or ideal body weight: Which should be used to predict energy expenditure? The importance of accurately predicting the energy expenditure of patients with stress-induced malnutrition is recognized. Although methods [...]