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One hundred forty-three Angus x Simmental crossbred steers (initial BW = 155.1 [+ or -] 4.5 kg) were used in a 2-yr study (yr 1, n = 67; yr 2, n = 76) to determine the effects of weaning age, implant regimen, and the weaning age x implant regimen interaction on steer growth and performance, organ mass, carcass characteristics, and cooked beef palatability. Steers were early-weaned at an average age of 108 d (EW) or normally weaned at an average age of 202 d (NW) and allotted by weight to an aggressive or nonaggressive implant regimen. On their respective weaning dates, EW and NW steers were penned individually and fed a grain-based diet until they were slaughtered at a final BW of 546 kg. A subsample of steers (n = 2 per treatment) were slaughtered at 254 kg. At 254 kg, EW steers implanted with the aggressive implant regimen had 64% greater backfat depth than those implanted with the nonaggressive implant regimen; converse]y, NW steers implanted with the aggressive implant regimen had 52% lower backfat depth than those implanted with the nonaggressive implant regimen (weaning status x implant regimen interaction; P [is less than] 0.01). A similar interaction was observed for empty visceral organ weights. Early-weaned steers were younger (354.7 vs 372.4 d; P [is less than] 0.01) at final slaughter but were in the feedlot longer (246.5 vs 169.6 d; P [is less than] 0.01) than NW steers, whereas the aggressive implant regimen decreased days fed (203.3 vs 212.7; P [is less than] 0.07) compared to the nonaggressive implant regimen. Overall ADG was greater for EW than for NW steers (1.61 vs 1.50 kg/d; P [is less than] 0.01) and for the aggressive compared with the nonaggressive implant regimen (1.59 vs 1.52 kg/d; P [is less than] 0.02). Early-weaned steers consumed less DM per day (7.4 vs 8.5 kg/d; P [is less than] 0.01) and were more efficient (0.217 vs 0.208 kg/kg; P [is less than] 0.02) but consumed more total DM (1,817 vs 1,429 kg; P [is less than] 0.01) than NW steers while in the feedlot. Implant regimen did not affect DMI (P [is greater than] 0.37) or feed efficiency (P [is greater than] 0.15). Weaning status did not affect carcass characteristics (P [is greater than] 0.14), final empty body composition (P [is greater than] 0.25), or final longissimus muscle composition (P [is greater than] 0.18); however, steaks from EW steers had higher (P [is less than] 0.05) taste panel tenderness and juiciness ratings than steaks from NW steers. The aggressive implant regimen decreased yield grade (P [is less than] 0.02), but did not affect quality grade (P [is greater than] 0.86) compared to the nonaggressive implant regimen. Placing early-weaned steers on an aggressive implant regimen is a viable management option. Key Words: Beef Cattle, Growth Promoters, Weaning

Two experiments were conducted to determine the effects of diet on growth of steers weaned at approximately 100 vs 205 d of age. In Exp. 1, a 2 x 2 x 2 factorial experiment was conducted using 78 Angus crossbred cow-calf pairs. The factors examined were age at weaning (early, at 103 [+ or -] 3 d [EW] vs normal, at 203 [+ or -] 3 d [NW]), feeding strategy (ad libitum vs postweaning programmed intake), and dietary CP concentration (100 vs 120% of NRC [1984] recommended levels). Early-weaned calves had a greater (P [is less than] .001) ADG than NW calves from 103 to 203 d and reached market weight at 385 d vs 418 d for NW calves (P [is less than] .001). Likewise, steers offered feed for ad libitum consumption reached market weight at 394 d, compared with 409 d for programmed-intake steers (P [is less than] .05). In Exp. 2, 64 Angus crossbred steers were either weaned at 93 [+ or -] 3 d and fed one of four diets, weaned at 210 [+ or -] 3 d without access to creep feed, or weaned at 210 [+ or -] 3 d with access to creep feed for 60 d prior to weaning. Early-weaned calves were heavier (P [is less than] .01) than NW calves at 210 d if fed either 100 or 90% concentrate diets, and they had greater (P [is less than] .001) backfat thickness at 210 d but no difference (P [is greater than] .10) in longissimus muscle area compared to EW calves fed a 60% concentrate diet. At slaughter, 80 to 100% of steers on all treatments graded low Choice or higher. Feeding high-concentrate diets to EW beef calves accelerated growth rate and fat deposition early in the feeding period and may be a way to provide young cattle for a high-quality beef market. Key Words: Beef Cattle, Meat Quality, Weaning

Objective: To measure wellness and burnout among gynecologic oncology clinicians and identify trends and at-risk populations to inform future interventions., Methods: Gynecologic oncologist (GO) and advanced practice provider (APP) responses to the 2020 Society of Gynecologic Oncology State of the Society survey were analyzed. The Maslach Burnout Inventory criteria for burnout was used. Work-life balance was scored on a 5-point Likert scale. Chi-square tests were used to compare mental health factors and the prevalence of burnout. Odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated for associations between burnout and gender., Results: 543 survey responses were included for analysis. Most GO (54%) and all APP respondents were female. Female GOs were disproportionately affected by burnout particularly in the Northeast (female(F): 40.9% vs male(M): 19.1%, p = 0.007) and South (F: 42.5% vs M:22.9%, p = 0.01). Burnout in female GOs over 40 was 1.79 (CI: 1.13-2.83; p-value 0.01) times higher than similarly aged males. Females in non-private practice experienced burnout 1.66 times that of males in similar positions (CI: 1.18-2.94; p < 0.0001). Female GOs reported the worst work-life balance across all 5 domains. APPs and female GOs experienced more stress and feeling overwhelmed compared to men. GOs were more reluctant to see a mental health professional (p = 0.0003) or take medication (p = 0.009) than APPs., Conclusions: Burnout in gynecologic oncology persists in both genders and is felt most acutely by female GOs. APPs are not immune and would benefit from inclusion in future research to mitigate burnout in healthcare clinicians., Competing Interests: Declaration of Competing Interest Dr. Davidson reports a speaker honorarium from GSK, outside the submitted work. All other authors have nothing to disclose., (Copyright © 2022 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)

Accumulating data indicate that the moderate use of alcoholic beverages by adults may reduce the risk of myocardial infarction, improve the quality of life of the elderly, relieve stress, and contribute to nutrition. Published evidence in each of these areas is critically examined. Based on the identification of levels of ethanol intake, below which adverse effects on health are rarely observed, the following upper limits of moderate drinking are proposed: 0.8 g/kg body weight (and an absolute limit of 80 g) on any day, and an average of 0.7 g/kg per day for any three-day period. Documentation, however, is at present inadequate to exclude the possibility that such levels of intake may impair driving by youths and young adults and pose risk to the fetus. Data presented should not be regarded as contradicting the evidence that excessive drinking is harmful to health and that alcoholics, as a rule, should beware of alcohol consumption at any level.

The effects of chronic alcohol ingestion are quantitatively related to intake, but little information is available on the topic. In part A of this review, intake-effect relationships are examined for chronic dysfunctions of the liver, pancreas, cardiovascular system, testis and fetus. Part B considers central nervous system effects such as the withdrawal syndrome, psychosis, brain damage, memory loss, alterations of attention, sleep disturbances and EEG changes. Alcohol and the elderly, evidence of favorable effects of alcohol and the question of alcoholism are also discussed. In the vast majority of studies the documented daily intake levels have been over 150 g of ethanol (the equivalent of one pint of 80-proof spirits), often in the range of 250-300 g. Other potential risk factors such as malnutrition are rarely considered, and little information is available on the effects of more moderate daily intake. The liver emerges as the most vulnerable organ to regular alcohol use with the hazardous range beginning at a daily intake of 80-100 g of ethanol. There is some evidence beneficial effects, especially in the elderly, of daily intakes of 15-30 g and epidemiological evidence of a lower incidence of myocardial infarction in those with a daily intake approximating 56 g. More information is needed on chronic intake-effect relationship, particulary at levels below 150 g.

A new disease of rabbits is described. Following an acute febrile course, animals die or recover by the 11th day postinoculation. The characteristic pathologic finding is multifocal myocardial degeneration and necrosis. The disease can be transmitted by various routes with tissue filtrates or with infectious sera diluted to 10(-6) and passed through 0.1 micron filters. Virus particles with morphologic features characteristic of a coronavirus are present in infectious but not in normal rabbit serums. The antigen(s) in the infectious serums cross-reacts with the 229E and the OC43 strains of human coronavirus. Antigen cross-reacting with the 229E virus is detectable by immunofluorescent staining in frozen sections of heart tissue from sick but not from healthy animals. Animals surviving infection seroconvert to coronavirus specificity, as demonstrated by the presence in convalescent serums of antibody capable of reacting with the 339E virus. Susceptibility to infection has not been demonstrated in mice, hamsters, or guinea pigs, and the virus was not adapted for growth in tissue culture. It is uncertain whether the agent is a natural pathogen of rabbits or a coronavirus contaminant from another species, possibly human. The name rabbit infectious cardiomyopathy is suggested for this disease.

The effects of fenprostalene, cloprostenol sodium and prostaglandin F2 alpha (PGF2alpha) on estrus, conception rate, pregnancy rate, and the interval from Day 1 of the breeding season to calving were studied on 135 purebred Angus cows and heifers. The cows and heifers were randomly allotted within age to the three estrus synchronization treatments and a control group. The calving percentages (for cows and heifers combined) that resulted from artificial insemination (AI) were 32.3, 31.4, 43.6, and 51.1% for the control, fenprostalene, cloprostenol sodium, and PGF2alpha groups, respectively. The calving percentage during the AI period by ages of dam at breeding were 54.2% for yearling heifers, 30.5% for two-year-olds, 47.6% for three-year-olds, and 26.1% for four-year-old or older cows. The percentage of cows and heifers detected in estrus and the percentage that conceived after the first injection for control, fenprostalene, cloprostenol sodium, and PGF2alpha groups were 51.6 and 22.3%, 59.3 and 32.1%, 76.8 and 44.1%, and 66.6 and 50.2%, respectively. The intervals from Day 1 of the breeding season to calving and from Day 1 of the calving season within each treatment to the birth of each calf were control, 285.9 and 23.8 d; fenprostalene, 283.6 and 13.4 d; cloprostenol sodium, 285.5 and 6.5 d; and PGF2alpha, 284.0 and 11.1 d.