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269 results on '"Turner, S W"'

8. Meta-Analysis of Genome-Wide Association Studies of Exacerbations in Children Using Long-Acting Beta-Agonists

Author

Slob, E., Richards, L. B., Vijverberg, S., Longo, C., Koppelman, G. H., Pijnenburg, M. W., Bel, E. H. D., Neerincx, A. H., Luis, E. Herrera, Perez-Garcia, J., Chew, F., Sio, Y., Andiappan, A. K., Turner, S. W., Mukhopadhyay, S., Palmer, C. N. A., Jorgensen, A. L., Burchard, E. G., Hernandez-Pacheco, N., Pino-Yanes, M., Maitland-van der Zee, A. H., and Groningen Research Institute for Asthma and COPD (GRIAC)

Published
2021

26. 'They only smoke in the house when I'm not in': understanding the limited effectiveness of a smoke-free homes intervention.

Author

O'Donnell, R, Amos, A, Turner, S W, Adams, L, Henderson, T, Lyttle, S, Mitchell, S, and Semple, S

Subjects
HOME environment, PARTICULATE matter, PSYCHOLOGY of mothers, RESEARCH methodology, MOTIVATION (Psychology), INTERVIEWING, INDOOR air pollution, QUALITATIVE research, SOCIOECONOMIC factors, RANDOMIZED controlled trials, NATIONAL health services, HEALTH literacy, COMMUNICATION, HEALTH attitudes, RESEARCH funding, PASSIVE smoking, THEMATIC analysis, SOCIAL skills, STATISTICAL sampling, JUDGMENT sampling, EMOTIONS, ENVIRONMENTAL exposure, HEALTH promotion
Abstract

Background Children's second-hand smoke (SHS) exposure in the home is highest in socio-economically disadvantaged areas. Personalized household air-quality measurements can promote changes in smoking that reduce SHS exposure. The 'First Steps 2 Smoke-free' (FS2SF) intervention is the first to trial this approach delivered as part of health professionals' routine work. This paper reports the findings of qualitative interviews with participants that explored their experiences of the intervention and why outcomes varied. Methods 120 women were recruited from the NHS First Steps Programme, which supports disadvantaged mothers. They received either personalized feedback on their home air quality and advice on reducing SHS or standard SHS advice. Qualitative interviews with 15 mothers were analyzed thematically using the Capability, Opportunity, Motivation, Behaviour (COM-B) model. Results The intervention increased women's capability to change home-smoking behaviour, through increasing awareness and salience of SHS risks to their children, and motivation to act. However, taking effective action was constrained by their limited social and environmental opportunities, including others' smoking in the home. Conclusions The FS2SF intervention was ineffective as it was unable to fully address the precarious, complex life circumstances that make creating a smoke-free home particularly difficult for women experiencing intersecting dimensions of disadvantage. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2021
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36. Age- and height-based prediction bias in spirometry reference equations

Author

Quanjer, P. H., Hall, G. L., Stanojevic, S., Cole, T. J., Stocks, J., Hankinson, J. L., Enright, P. L., Zheng, J. P., Arets, H. G. M., Barbara, C., Beardsmore, C. S., Ben Saad, H., Brunekreef, B., Burney, P. G. J., Eigen, H., Falaschetti, E., Fallon, B., Gappa, M., Gerbase, M. W., Gislason, T., Gore, C. J., Gulsvik, A., Henderson, A. J., Janson, C., Jenkins, C., Karrasch, S., Kerby, G. S., Ku hr, J., Kuster, S., Lum, S., Mannino, D. M., Marks, G., Nizankowska-Mogilnicka, E., Nystad, W., Perez-Padill, R., Piccioni, P., Pistelli, F., Schulz, H., Soriano, J. B., Tan, W. C., Tomalak, W., Turner, S. W., Vilozni, D., Vlachos, H., West, S., Wouters, E. F. M., Zagami, D., and Pulmonary Medicine

Subjects
Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine, Spirometry, Adult, Male, Adolescent, Body height, Population, Vital Capacity, Young Adult, Age groups, Bias, Reference Values, Forced Expiratory Volume, Statistics, 80 and over, Medicine, Humans, Prediction, Reference equations, Age Factors, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Body Height, Child, Female, Lung, Middle Aged, Prediction bias, education, Lung function, education.field_of_study, medicine.diagnostic_test, business.industry, Reference values, business
Abstract

Prediction bias in spirometry reference equations can arise from combining equations for different age groups, rounding age or height to integers or using self-reported height. To assess the bias arising from these sources, the fit of 13 prediction equations was tested against the Global Lungs Initiative (GLI) dataset using spirometric data from 55,136 healthy Caucasians (54% female). The effects on predicted values of using whole-year age versus decimal age, and of a 1% bias in height, were quantified. In children, the prediction bias relative to GLI ranged from -22% to +17%. Switching equations at 18 yrs of age led to biases of between -846 (-14%) and +1,309 (+38%) mL. Using age in whole years rather than decimal age introduced biases from -8% to +7%, whereas a 1% overestimation of height introduced bias that ranged from +1% to +40%. Bias was greatest in children and adolescents, and in short elderly subjects. Using a single spirometry equation applicable across all ages and populations reduces prediction bias. Measuring and recording age and height accurately are also essential if bias is to be minimised.

Published
2012

37. Pediatric Cardiac Surgery without Cardiac Catheterization

Author

George, L., Lamberti, J. J., Waldman, J. D., Mathewson, J. W., Kirkpatrick, S. E., Turner, S. W., Pappelbaum, S. J., Doyle, Eugenie F., editor, Engle, Mary Allen, editor, Gersony, Welton M., editor, Rashkind, William J., editor, and Talner, Norman S., editor

Published
1986
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39. ST13 polymorphisms and their effect on exacerbations in steroid-treated asthmatic children and young adults

Author

Sub Pharmacoepidemiology, UIPS - Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Pharmacoepidemiology and Clinical Pharmacology, Vijverberg, S. J H, Koster, E. S., Tavendale, R., Leusink, M., Koenderman, L., Raaijmakers, J. A M, Postma, D. S., Koppelman, G. H., Turner, S. W., Mukhopadhyay, S., Tse, S. M., Tantisira, K. G., Hawcutt, D. B., Francis, B., Pirmohamed, M., Pino-Yanes, M., Eng, C., Burchard, E. G., Palmer, C. N A, Maitland-van der Zee, Anke Hilse, Sub Pharmacoepidemiology, UIPS - Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Pharmacoepidemiology and Clinical Pharmacology, Vijverberg, S. J H, Koster, E. S., Tavendale, R., Leusink, M., Koenderman, L., Raaijmakers, J. A M, Postma, D. S., Koppelman, G. H., Turner, S. W., Mukhopadhyay, S., Tse, S. M., Tantisira, K. G., Hawcutt, D. B., Francis, B., Pirmohamed, M., Pino-Yanes, M., Eng, C., Burchard, E. G., Palmer, C. N A, and Maitland-van der Zee, Anke Hilse

Published
2015

40. ST13 polymorphisms and their effect on exacerbations in steroid-treated asthmatic children and young adults

Author

Experimentele Afdeling Longziekten, Cancer, Infection & Immunity, Vijverberg, S. J. H., Koster, E. S., Tavendale, R., Leusink, M., Koenderman, L., Raaijmakers, J. A. M., Postma, D. S., Koppelman, G. H., Turner, S. W., Mukhopadhyay, S., Tse, S. M., Tantisira, K. G., Hawcutt, D. B., Francis, B., Pirmohamed, M., Pino-Yanes, M., Eng, C., Burchard, E. G., Palmer, C. N. A., Maitland-van der Zee, A. H., Experimentele Afdeling Longziekten, Cancer, Infection & Immunity, Vijverberg, S. J. H., Koster, E. S., Tavendale, R., Leusink, M., Koenderman, L., Raaijmakers, J. A. M., Postma, D. S., Koppelman, G. H., Turner, S. W., Mukhopadhyay, S., Tse, S. M., Tantisira, K. G., Hawcutt, D. B., Francis, B., Pirmohamed, M., Pino-Yanes, M., Eng, C., Burchard, E. G., Palmer, C. N. A., and Maitland-van der Zee, A. H.

Published
2015

42. Influence of secular trends and sample size on reference equations for lung function tests

Author

Quanjer, P. H., Stocks, J., Cole, T. J., Hall, G. L., Stanojevic, S., Pistelli, F., Beardsmore, C. S., Brunekreef, B., Eigen, H., Falaschetti, E., Fallon, B., Gerbase, M. W., Gore, C. J., Hall, G., Hankinson, J. L., Henderson, A. J., Gappa and the LUNOKID study group, M., Kerby and the Lung Function Measures in Preschool Children with Cystic Fibrosis study group, G. S., Ku hr, J., Kuster, S., Langhammer, A., Lum, S., Nystad, W., Piccioni, P., Rosenthal, M., Soriano, J. B., Tomalak, W., Turner, S. W., Vilozni, D., Vlachos, H., West, S., Zagami, D., and Pediatrics

Subjects
Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine, Spirometry, Adult, Male, Vital capacity, Pulmonary function, Secular trends, Adolescent, Population, Vital Capacity, Sample (statistics), Multicentre study, Pulmonary function testing, FEV1/FVC ratio, Reference Values, Forced Expiratory Volume, Statistics, 80 and over, Medicine, Humans, Reference equations, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Child, Child, Preschool, Female, Infant, Middle Aged, Respiratory Function Tests, Sample Size, Preschool, education, education.field_of_study, medicine.diagnostic_test, business.industry, Secular variation, Sample size determination, business
Abstract

The aim of our study was to determine the contribution of secular trends and sample size to lung function reference equations, and establish the number of local subjects required to validate published reference values. 30 spirometry datasets collected between 1978 and 2009 provided data on healthy, white subjects: 19,291 males and 23,741 females aged 2.5-95 yrs. The best fit for forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV(1)), forced vital capacity (FVC) and FEV(1)/FVC as functions of age, height and sex were derived from the entire dataset using GAMLSS. Mean z-scores were calculated for individual datasets to determine inter-centre differences. This was repeated by subdividing one large dataset (3,683 males and 4,759 females) into 36 smaller subsets (comprising 18-227 individuals) to preclude differences due to population/technique. No secular trends were observed and differences between datasets comprising >1,000 subjects were small (maximum difference in FEV(1) and FVC from overall mean: 0.30- -0.22 z-scores). Subdividing one large dataset into smaller subsets reproduced the above sample size-related differences and revealed that at least 150 males and 150 females would be necessary to validate reference values to avoid spurious differences due to sampling error. Use of local controls to validate reference equations will rarely be practical due to the numbers required. Reference equations derived from large or collated datasets are recommended.

Published
2010

43. ST13polymorphisms and their effect on exacerbations in steroid-treated asthmatic children and young adults

Author

Vijverberg, S. J. H., primary, Koster, E. S., additional, Tavendale, R., additional, Leusink, M., additional, Koenderman, L., additional, Raaijmakers, J. A. M., additional, Postma, D. S., additional, Koppelman, G. H., additional, Turner, S. W., additional, Mukhopadhyay, S., additional, Tse, S. M., additional, Tantisira, K. G., additional, Hawcutt, D. B., additional, Francis, B., additional, Pirmohamed, M., additional, Pino-Yanes, M., additional, Eng, C., additional, Burchard, E. G., additional, Palmer, C. N. A., additional, and Maitland-van der Zee, A. H., additional

Published
2015
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46. The methylomes of six bacteria

Author

Murray, I. A., primary, Clark, T. A., additional, Morgan, R. D., additional, Boitano, M., additional, Anton, B. P., additional, Luong, K., additional, Fomenkov, A., additional, Turner, S. W., additional, Korlach, J., additional, and Roberts, R. J., additional

Published
2013
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48. Changing trends in asthma in 9-12 year olds between 1964 and 2009

Author

Malik, G., Tagiyeva-Milne, Nara, Aucott, L., McNeill, G., Turner, S. W., Malik, G., Tagiyeva-Milne, Nara, Aucott, L., McNeill, G., and Turner, S. W.

Abstract

Introduction Childhood asthma is a common condition and the prevalence has increased in many countries during the late 20th century. The Aberdeen schools asthma surveys reported rising lifetime prevalence of asthma between 1964 and 2004 in children aged 9–12 years, but a fall in wheeze in the last 3 years between 1999 and 2004. The present study tested the hypothesis that lifetime childhood asthma prevalence has fallen since 2004. Methods Children aged 9–12 years who attended the same schools surveyed since 1964 were invited to participate. A lifetime history of asthma or eczema and also wheeze in the past 3 years and 12 months was ascertained from a questionnaire. Trends over 1999, 2004 and 2009 were analysed with adjustment for age, gender and an index of deprivation. Results There were 2253 eligible children and 1196 (53%) questionnaires were returned. The lifetime prevalence of asthma rose from 24.3% in 1999 to 28.4% in 2004 but fell to 22.1% in 2009 (p<0.001), while wheeze in the last 3 years fell from 27.9% in 1999 to 25.2% in 2004 and fell further to 22.2% in 2009 (p<0.001). The lifetime prevalence of eczema among 9–12 year olds was 21.4% in 1999, 34.1% in 2004 and 30.7% in 2009 (p<0.001). Reductions in symptom prevalences between 2004 and 2009 were significant for girls but not boys. Conclusion The prevalence of lifetime asthma and wheeze appear to have fallen in school children, especially girls, although the low response rate means some caution is required when interpreting the results. Asthma prevalence remains high and the underlying mechanisms remain incompletely understood.

Published
2010

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