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6. Universal combination antiretroviral regimens to prevent mother-to-child transmission of HIV in rural Zambia: a two-round cross-sectional study/ Therapies antiretrovirales combinees universelles pour prevenir la transmission mere-enfant du VIH en Zambie rurale: une etude transversal en deux tours/ Tratamientos antirretroviraies de combinacion universal para prevenir la transmision maternoinfantil del VIH en las zonas rurales de Zambia: un estudio transversal de dos vueltas

Author

Chi, Benjamin H., Musonda, Patrick, Lembalemba, Mwila K., Chintu, Namwinga T., Gartland, Matthew G., Mulenga, Saziso N., Bweupe, Maximillian, Turnbull, Eleanor, Stringer, Elizabeth M., and Stringer, Jeffrey S.A.

Subjects
HIV (Viruses) -- Prevention -- Analysis -- Health aspects -- Surveys, Nucleic acids -- Analysis -- Health aspects -- Surveys, HIV testing -- Usage -- Analysis -- Health aspects -- Surveys, HIV antibodies -- Analysis -- Health aspects -- Surveys, Breast feeding -- Analysis -- Health aspects -- Surveys, Highly active antiretroviral therapy -- Analysis -- Health aspects -- Surveys, Pregnant women -- Analysis -- Health aspects -- Surveys, HIV infection -- Prevention -- Analysis -- Health aspects -- Surveys, Health, World Health Organization -- Surveys
Abstract

Objective To evaluate if a pilot programme to prevent mother-to-child transmission (PMTCT) of the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) was associated with changes in early childhood survival at the population level in rural Zambia. Methods Combination antiretroviral regimens were offered to pregnant and breastfeeding, HIV-infected women, irrespective of immunological status, at four rural health facilities. Twenty-four-month HIV-free survival among children born to HIV- infected mothers was determined before and after PMTCT programme implementation using community surveys. Households were randomly selected and women who had given birth in the previous 24 months were asked to participate. Mothers were tested for HIV antibodies and children born to HIV-infected mothers were tested for viral deoxyribonucleic acid. Multivariable models were used to determine factors associated with child HIV infection or death. Findings In the first survey (2008-2009), 335 of 1778 women (18.8%) tested positive for HIV. In the second (2011), 390 of 2386 (16.3%) tested positive. The 24-month HIV-free survival in HIV-exposed children was 0.66 (95% confidence interval, CI: 0.63- 0.76) in the first survey and 0.89 (95% CI: 0.83-0.94) in the second. Combination antiretroviral regimen use was associated with a lower risk of HIV infection or death in children (adjusted hazard ratio: 0.33,95% CI: 0.15-0.73). Maternal knowledge of HIV status, use of HIV tests and use of combination regimens during pregnancy increased between the surveys. Conclusion The PMTCT programme was associated with an increased HIV-free survival in children born to HIV-infected mothers. Maternal utilization of HIV testing and treatment in the community also increased. Objectit Lvaluer si un programme pilote pour prevenir la transmission mere-enfant (PTME) du virus de l'immunodeficience humaine (VIH) est associe a des changements en matiere de survie du jeune enfant au sein de la population dans les regions rurales de la Zambie. Methodes Des therapies antiretrovirales combinees ont ete proposees a des femmes infectees par le VIH, enceintes et allanantes, independamment de leur statut immunologique, dans quatre centres de sante ruraux. La survie sans VIH a 24 mois chez les enfants nes de meres infectees par leVIH aetedetermineeavantetapres la mise en ceuvredu programme PTME a l'aide d'enquetes communautaires. Les menages ont ete choisis de maniere aleatoire, et il a ete demande aux femmes qul avaient accouche au cours des 24derniers mois, d'y participen On a teste la presence d'anticorps antl-VIH chez les meres et d'acide desoxyribonucleique viral chez les enfants nes de meres infectees par le VIH. Des modeles a variables multiples ont ete utilises pour determiner lesfacteurs associes a l'infection par le VIH ou au deces de l'enfant. Resultats Dansla premiere etude (2008-2009), 335 femmes parmi 1778 (18,8%) ont ete testees positives a l'infection par leVIH. Dans la deuxieme etude (2011), 390 femmes parmi 2386 (16,3%) ont ete testees positives. La survie sans VIH a 24 mois chez les enfants exposes au VIH etait de 0,66 (intervalle de confiance de 95%, IC: 0,63-0,76) dans la premiere etude et de 0,89 (IC de 95%: 0,83-0,94) dans la seconde. La combinalson de la therapie antiretrovirale etait associeea un risque inferieurd'infection par le VIH ou de deces chez les enfants (rapport de risques ajuste: 0,33, IC de 95%: 0,15-0,73). La connaissance du statut VIH des meres, l'utilisation des tests de depistage du VIH et des traitements combines pendant la grossesse ont augmente entre les etudes. Conclusion Le programme PTME etait associe a une augmentation de la survie sans VIH chez les enfants nes de meres infectees par leVIH. L'utilisation par les meres du depistage et du traitement contre leVIH a egalement augmente au sein de la communaute. Objetivo Evaluar si un programa piloto para prevenir la transmision maternoinfantil (PTMI) del virus de la inmunodeficiencia humana (VIH) esta asociado a cambios en la supervivencia en la primera infancia a nivel de poblacion en las zonas rurales de Zambia. Metodos Se ofrecio una combinacion de tratamientos antirretroviraies a mujeres embarazadas y lactantes infectadas por el VIH, independientemente de su estado inmunologico, en cuatro centros de salud rurales. Mediante encuestas en la comunidad se determino una supervivencia sin VIH de veinticuatro meses entre los ninos nacidos de madres infectadas por el VIH antes y despues de la implementacion del programa PTMI. Los hogares se seleccionaron al azar y se pidio que participaran las mujeres que habian dado a luz en los 24 meses anteriores. Las madres se sometieron a una prueba para detectar los anticuerpos contra el VIH y se realizo una prueba del acido desoxirribonucleico viral a los ninos nacidos de madres infectadas con VIH. Se utilizaron modelos multivariables para determinar los factores asociados con la infeccion o muerte por VIH del nino. Resultados En la primera encuesta (2008-2009), 335 de 1778 mujeres (18,8%) dieron positivo en el VIH. En la segunda (2011), dieron positivo 390 de 2386 (16,3%). La supervivencia sin VIH de 24 meses en los ninos expuestos al VIH fue del 0,66 (intervalo de confianza del 95 %, IC: 0,63-0,76) en la primera encuesta y del 0,89 (IC del 95 %: 0,83-0,94) en la segunda. La combinacion de un tratamiento antirretroviral se asocio con un menor riesgo de infeccion por VIH o muerte en los ninos (razon de riesgo ajustada: 0,33,1C del 95 %: 0,15-0,73). El conocimiento de las madres de su estado serologico, el uso de pruebas para el VIH y los tratamientos combinados durante el embarazo aumentaron en el tiempo transcurrido entre las encuestas. Conclusion El programa PTMI estuvo asociado a un aumento de la supervivencia sin VIH en los ninos nacidos de madres infectadas por el VIH. La utilizacion materna de la prueba y el tratamiento del VIH en la comunidad tambien aumento., Introduction In recent years, studies have shown unequivocally that the use of combination antiretroviral regimens, for either treatment or prophylaxis, during the antenatal, intrapartum and breastfeeding periods in women with [...]

Published
2014
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15. A Model of Tuberculosis Screening for Pregnant Women in Resource-Limited Settings Using Xpert MTB/RIF

Author

Turnbull, Eleanor R., Kancheya, Nzali G., Harris, Jennifer B., Topp, Stephanie M., Henostroza, German, and Reid, Stewart E.

Subjects
Article Subject
Abstract

Timely diagnosis and treatment of maternal tuberculosis (TB) is important to reduce morbidity and mortality for both the mother and child, particularly in women who are coinfected with HIV. The World Health Organization (WHO) recommends the integration of TB/HIV screening into antenatal services but available diagnostic tools are slow and insensitive, resulting in delays in treatment initiation. Recently the WHO endorsed Xpert MTB/RIF, a highly sensitive, real-time PCR assay for Mycobacterium tuberculosis that simultaneously detects rifampicin resistance directly from sputum and provides results within 100 minutes. We propose a model for same-day TB screening and diagnosis of all pregnant women at antenatal care using Xpert MTB/RIF. Pilot studies are urgently required to evaluate strategies for the integration of TB screening into antenatal clinics using new diagnostic technologies.

Published
2012
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17. Foreword.

Author

TURNBULL, ELEANOR L.

Subjects
POETRY (Literary form), POETICS
Published
2022

19. Supplemental Material2 - Supplemental material for The influence of health systems on breast, cervical and colorectal cancer screening: an overview of systematic reviews using health systems and implementation research frameworks

Author

Priaulx, Jennifer, Turnbull, Eleanor, Heijnsdijk, Eveline, Csanádi, Marcell, Senore, Carlo, Koning, Harry J De, and McKee, Martin

Subjects
111708 Health and Community Services, 111799 Public Health and Health Services not elsewhere classified, FOS: Health sciences, 3. Good health
Abstract

Supplemental material, Supplemental Material2 for The influence of health systems on breast, cervical and colorectal cancer screening: an overview of systematic reviews using health systems and implementation research frameworks by Jennifer Priaulx, Eleanor Turnbull, Eveline Heijnsdijk, Marcell Csanádi, Carlo Senore, Harry J de Koning and Martin McKee in Journal of Health Services Research & Policy

20. Supplemental Material1 - Supplemental material for The influence of health systems on breast, cervical and colorectal cancer screening: an overview of systematic reviews using health systems and implementation research frameworks

Author

Priaulx, Jennifer, Turnbull, Eleanor, Heijnsdijk, Eveline, Csanádi, Marcell, Senore, Carlo, Koning, Harry J De, and McKee, Martin

Subjects
111708 Health and Community Services, 111799 Public Health and Health Services not elsewhere classified, FOS: Health sciences, 3. Good health
Abstract

Supplemental material, Supplemental Material1 for The influence of health systems on breast, cervical and colorectal cancer screening: an overview of systematic reviews using health systems and implementation research frameworks by Jennifer Priaulx, Eleanor Turnbull, Eveline Heijnsdijk, Marcell Csanádi, Carlo Senore, Harry J de Koning and Martin McKee in Journal of Health Services Research & Policy

21. Supplemental Material3 - Supplemental material for The influence of health systems on breast, cervical and colorectal cancer screening: an overview of systematic reviews using health systems and implementation research frameworks

Author

Priaulx, Jennifer, Turnbull, Eleanor, Heijnsdijk, Eveline, Csanádi, Marcell, Senore, Carlo, Koning, Harry J De, and McKee, Martin

Subjects
111708 Health and Community Services, 111799 Public Health and Health Services not elsewhere classified, FOS: Health sciences, 3. Good health
Abstract

Supplemental material, Supplemental Material3 for The influence of health systems on breast, cervical and colorectal cancer screening: an overview of systematic reviews using health systems and implementation research frameworks by Jennifer Priaulx, Eleanor Turnbull, Eveline Heijnsdijk, Marcell Csanádi, Carlo Senore, Harry J de Koning and Martin McKee in Journal of Health Services Research & Policy

22. Supplemental Material7 - Supplemental material for The influence of health systems on breast, cervical and colorectal cancer screening: an overview of systematic reviews using health systems and implementation research frameworks

Author

Priaulx, Jennifer, Turnbull, Eleanor, Heijnsdijk, Eveline, Csanádi, Marcell, Senore, Carlo, Koning, Harry J De, and McKee, Martin

Subjects
111708 Health and Community Services, 111799 Public Health and Health Services not elsewhere classified, FOS: Health sciences, 3. Good health
Abstract

Supplemental material, Supplemental Material7 for The influence of health systems on breast, cervical and colorectal cancer screening: an overview of systematic reviews using health systems and implementation research frameworks by Jennifer Priaulx, Eleanor Turnbull, Eveline Heijnsdijk, Marcell Csanádi, Carlo Senore, Harry J de Koning and Martin McKee in Journal of Health Services Research & Policy

23. Supplemental Material4 - Supplemental material for The influence of health systems on breast, cervical and colorectal cancer screening: an overview of systematic reviews using health systems and implementation research frameworks

Author

Priaulx, Jennifer, Turnbull, Eleanor, Heijnsdijk, Eveline, Csanádi, Marcell, Senore, Carlo, Koning, Harry J De, and McKee, Martin

Subjects
111708 Health and Community Services, 111799 Public Health and Health Services not elsewhere classified, FOS: Health sciences, 3. Good health
Abstract

Supplemental material, Supplemental Material4 for The influence of health systems on breast, cervical and colorectal cancer screening: an overview of systematic reviews using health systems and implementation research frameworks by Jennifer Priaulx, Eleanor Turnbull, Eveline Heijnsdijk, Marcell Csanádi, Carlo Senore, Harry J de Koning and Martin McKee in Journal of Health Services Research & Policy

24. Supplemental Material5 - Supplemental material for The influence of health systems on breast, cervical and colorectal cancer screening: an overview of systematic reviews using health systems and implementation research frameworks

Author

Priaulx, Jennifer, Turnbull, Eleanor, Heijnsdijk, Eveline, Csanádi, Marcell, Senore, Carlo, Koning, Harry J De, and McKee, Martin

Subjects
111708 Health and Community Services, 111799 Public Health and Health Services not elsewhere classified, FOS: Health sciences, 3. Good health
Abstract

Supplemental material, Supplemental Material5 for The influence of health systems on breast, cervical and colorectal cancer screening: an overview of systematic reviews using health systems and implementation research frameworks by Jennifer Priaulx, Eleanor Turnbull, Eveline Heijnsdijk, Marcell Csanádi, Carlo Senore, Harry J de Koning and Martin McKee in Journal of Health Services Research & Policy

25. Supplemental Material4 - Supplemental material for The influence of health systems on breast, cervical and colorectal cancer screening: an overview of systematic reviews using health systems and implementation research frameworks

Author

Priaulx, Jennifer, Turnbull, Eleanor, Heijnsdijk, Eveline, Csanádi, Marcell, Senore, Carlo, Koning, Harry J De, and McKee, Martin

Subjects
111708 Health and Community Services, 111799 Public Health and Health Services not elsewhere classified, FOS: Health sciences, 3. Good health
Abstract

Supplemental material, Supplemental Material4 for The influence of health systems on breast, cervical and colorectal cancer screening: an overview of systematic reviews using health systems and implementation research frameworks by Jennifer Priaulx, Eleanor Turnbull, Eveline Heijnsdijk, Marcell Csanádi, Carlo Senore, Harry J de Koning and Martin McKee in Journal of Health Services Research & Policy

26. Supplemental Material7 - Supplemental material for The influence of health systems on breast, cervical and colorectal cancer screening: an overview of systematic reviews using health systems and implementation research frameworks

Author

Priaulx, Jennifer, Turnbull, Eleanor, Heijnsdijk, Eveline, Csanádi, Marcell, Senore, Carlo, Koning, Harry J De, and McKee, Martin

Subjects
111708 Health and Community Services, 111799 Public Health and Health Services not elsewhere classified, FOS: Health sciences, 3. Good health
Abstract

Supplemental material, Supplemental Material7 for The influence of health systems on breast, cervical and colorectal cancer screening: an overview of systematic reviews using health systems and implementation research frameworks by Jennifer Priaulx, Eleanor Turnbull, Eveline Heijnsdijk, Marcell Csanádi, Carlo Senore, Harry J de Koning and Martin McKee in Journal of Health Services Research & Policy

27. Supplemental Material3 - Supplemental material for The influence of health systems on breast, cervical and colorectal cancer screening: an overview of systematic reviews using health systems and implementation research frameworks

Author

Priaulx, Jennifer, Turnbull, Eleanor, Heijnsdijk, Eveline, Csanádi, Marcell, Senore, Carlo, Koning, Harry J De, and McKee, Martin

Subjects
111708 Health and Community Services, 111799 Public Health and Health Services not elsewhere classified, FOS: Health sciences, 3. Good health
Abstract

Supplemental material, Supplemental Material3 for The influence of health systems on breast, cervical and colorectal cancer screening: an overview of systematic reviews using health systems and implementation research frameworks by Jennifer Priaulx, Eleanor Turnbull, Eveline Heijnsdijk, Marcell Csanádi, Carlo Senore, Harry J de Koning and Martin McKee in Journal of Health Services Research & Policy

28. Supplemental Material2 - Supplemental material for The influence of health systems on breast, cervical and colorectal cancer screening: an overview of systematic reviews using health systems and implementation research frameworks

Author

Priaulx, Jennifer, Turnbull, Eleanor, Heijnsdijk, Eveline, Csanádi, Marcell, Senore, Carlo, Koning, Harry J De, and McKee, Martin

Subjects
111708 Health and Community Services, 111799 Public Health and Health Services not elsewhere classified, FOS: Health sciences, 3. Good health
Abstract

Supplemental material, Supplemental Material2 for The influence of health systems on breast, cervical and colorectal cancer screening: an overview of systematic reviews using health systems and implementation research frameworks by Jennifer Priaulx, Eleanor Turnbull, Eveline Heijnsdijk, Marcell Csanádi, Carlo Senore, Harry J de Koning and Martin McKee in Journal of Health Services Research & Policy

29. Supplemental Material1 - Supplemental material for The influence of health systems on breast, cervical and colorectal cancer screening: an overview of systematic reviews using health systems and implementation research frameworks

Author

Priaulx, Jennifer, Turnbull, Eleanor, Heijnsdijk, Eveline, Csanádi, Marcell, Senore, Carlo, Koning, Harry J De, and McKee, Martin

Subjects
111708 Health and Community Services, 111799 Public Health and Health Services not elsewhere classified, FOS: Health sciences, 3. Good health
Abstract

Supplemental material, Supplemental Material1 for The influence of health systems on breast, cervical and colorectal cancer screening: an overview of systematic reviews using health systems and implementation research frameworks by Jennifer Priaulx, Eleanor Turnbull, Eveline Heijnsdijk, Marcell Csanádi, Carlo Senore, Harry J de Koning and Martin McKee in Journal of Health Services Research & Policy

30. Supplemental Material6 - Supplemental material for The influence of health systems on breast, cervical and colorectal cancer screening: an overview of systematic reviews using health systems and implementation research frameworks

Author

Priaulx, Jennifer, Turnbull, Eleanor, Heijnsdijk, Eveline, Csanádi, Marcell, Senore, Carlo, Koning, Harry J De, and McKee, Martin

Subjects
111708 Health and Community Services, 111799 Public Health and Health Services not elsewhere classified, FOS: Health sciences, 3. Good health
Abstract

Supplemental material, Supplemental Material6 for The influence of health systems on breast, cervical and colorectal cancer screening: an overview of systematic reviews using health systems and implementation research frameworks by Jennifer Priaulx, Eleanor Turnbull, Eveline Heijnsdijk, Marcell Csanádi, Carlo Senore, Harry J de Koning and Martin McKee in Journal of Health Services Research & Policy

31. Supplemental Material5 - Supplemental material for The influence of health systems on breast, cervical and colorectal cancer screening: an overview of systematic reviews using health systems and implementation research frameworks

Author

Priaulx, Jennifer, Turnbull, Eleanor, Heijnsdijk, Eveline, Csanádi, Marcell, Senore, Carlo, Koning, Harry J De, and McKee, Martin

Subjects
111708 Health and Community Services, 111799 Public Health and Health Services not elsewhere classified, FOS: Health sciences, 3. Good health
Abstract

Supplemental material, Supplemental Material5 for The influence of health systems on breast, cervical and colorectal cancer screening: an overview of systematic reviews using health systems and implementation research frameworks by Jennifer Priaulx, Eleanor Turnbull, Eveline Heijnsdijk, Marcell Csanádi, Carlo Senore, Harry J de Koning and Martin McKee in Journal of Health Services Research & Policy

32. Supplemental Material6 - Supplemental material for The influence of health systems on breast, cervical and colorectal cancer screening: an overview of systematic reviews using health systems and implementation research frameworks

Author

Priaulx, Jennifer, Turnbull, Eleanor, Heijnsdijk, Eveline, Csanádi, Marcell, Senore, Carlo, Koning, Harry J De, and McKee, Martin

Subjects
111708 Health and Community Services, 111799 Public Health and Health Services not elsewhere classified, FOS: Health sciences, 3. Good health
Abstract

Supplemental material, Supplemental Material6 for The influence of health systems on breast, cervical and colorectal cancer screening: an overview of systematic reviews using health systems and implementation research frameworks by Jennifer Priaulx, Eleanor Turnbull, Eveline Heijnsdijk, Marcell Csanádi, Carlo Senore, Harry J de Koning and Martin McKee in Journal of Health Services Research & Policy

43. Zero

Author

Bell, Aubrey F. G., primary, Salinas, Pedro, additional, and Turnbull, Eleanor L., additional

Published
1948
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