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Background: Primary biliary cholangitis (PBC) is a condition affecting the liver and immune system. In this study, the impact of autologous bone marrow-derived mononuclear cell (BM-MNC) transplantation on PBC patients was investigated. Methods: Sixteen eligible PBC patients participated at the National Scientific Medical Center in Astana, Kazakhstan, between 2017 and 2022, and BM-MNCs were harvested from their anterior iliac crest. After isolating and cultivating the BM-MNCs, they were infused back into the patient’s peripheral veins. Changes in BM-MNC and peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PB-MNC) phenotypes were assessed before and after a 24-hour cultivation period and 72 hours post-transplantation. We monitored liver function parameters over 6-month intervals and conducted flow cytometry analysis to assess CD markers on BM-MNCs before and after cultivation and PB-MNCs before and after transplantation. Statistical analysis included the Friedman test for liver parameters and the Wilcoxon signed-rank test for BM-MNC and PB-MNC comparisons.Results: Our findings revealed significant reductions in liver function tests after multiple transplantations. Flow cytometry analysis before and after a 24-hour culture and autologous BM-MNC infusion revealed the expansion of specific cell populations, with significant increases in CD3+, CD4+, CD16+, CD20+, CD25+, CD34+, CD105+, CD73+, СD117+, and CD34+populations, while CD4+25+, CD34+105+, and CD4+FOXP3+ populations decreased. Interestingly, a contradictory finding was observed with a decrease in bone marrow CD34+105+ cell lines (P=0.03) alongside an increase in peripheral CD34+105+ population (P=0.03).Conclusion: In summary, our study shows that BM-MNC transplantation in PBC patients leads to changes in immune cell populations and liver function. These findings suggest potential therapeutic applications of BM-MNC transplantation in managing PBC and offer insights into the dynamics of immune cells associated with this treatment approach.

In this work we reviewed the key antimitochondrial and antinuclear antibodies in primary biliary cholangitis – an autoimmune cholestatic disorder with destruction of intralobular biliary ductules. Since the discovery of antibodies to PDC-E2 component of cholangiocyte mitochondrial membrane, more than 60 antimitochindrial and antinuclear antibodies against various cellular components of cholangiocytes have been described to date, which have primary diagnostic and clinical value in identifying the disease progression and prognosis.

Objective: To carry out comparative analysis of the various surgical methods in patients with thoracic aorta pathology (aneurism, dilatation, dissection) in combination with bicuspid aortic valve in comparison to tricuspid aortic valve patients and to choose most appropriate approach of the surgical treatment in correlation with thoracic aorta sizes. Material and methods: In this work 212 case records of two patient groups with thoracic aorta pathology were analyzed, operated from 2013 until 2015 in cardiothoracic department of the “National Scientific Medical Center” JSC, to whom 4 surgical approaches were applied: Bentall de Bona procedure, supracoronary aorta replacement procedure, David procedure, Borst procedure. Results: Usage of Bentall de Bona procedure in patients with bicuspid aortic valve was related to less risk of postoperative complications in comparison with the group of tricuspid aortic valve patients (17,5% vs 39,5%, p=0,01). Surgical treatment with the usage of David procedure in observation group with BAV eliminates aortic valve insufficiency (degree of aortic valve insufficiency pre and postoperative - 2,3 ± 1,3 and 0,9 ± 1,1 respectively, p=0,04). Conclusion: Surgical treatment of thoracic aorta pathology in patients with bicuspid aortic valve (mainly with stenosis) with the usage of Bentall de Bona approach is accepted as reasonable because it eliminates most considerably the implications of aortopathy and in this regard considered to be the most effective. David procedure is indicated to patients with pathology of thoracic aorta in combination with bicuspid aortic valve (mainly with insufficiency).

3′,5′-Cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) is a key second messenger that regulates function of proteins involved in ion homeostasis and cardiac excitation-contraction coupling. Over the last decade, it has been increasingly appreciated that cAMP conveys its numerous effects by acting in discrete subcellular compartments or “microdomains.” In this mini review, we describe how such localized signals can be visualized in living cardiomyocytes to better understand cardiac physiology and disease. Special focus is made on targeted biosensors that can be used to resolve second messenger signals within nanometers of cardiac ion channels and transporters. Potential directions for future research and the translational importance of cAMP compartmentalization are discussed.

Purpose of this study isto develop a new technique of HIFU treatment for breast fibroadenoma, analyze relation between ablation power and morphological results, verify effectiveness of the proposed method through comparison between the main (HIFU treatment) and the control (surgically treated) groups in terms of the immediate results, complications, and recurrences over two-year post-treatment period. Methods: The study involved 80 patients with breast fibroadenomas: 40 were HIFU-treated (main group) and others surgically (control). Conducted morphocytological study categorized fibroadenoma as intracanalicular, pericanalicular or mixed. We used Model-JC Focused Ultrasound Tumor Therapeutic System (Chongqing Haifu Medical Technology Co. Ltd., China) equipment with 1 MHz frequency, 21.5 cm lens diameter and 16.2 focused distance for HIFU treatment.For comparison analysis, results of morphological investigation and ultrasonography used for statistical analysis with software STATISTICA and IBMSPSS. We conducted in-vitro investigations and morphocytological study with 3 circular cross-sections of fibroadenomas ablated by HIFU with 100W, 200W, 300W. All patients were surveyed by Questionnaire SF-36 checking physical functioning, level of pain, overall well-being, etc. Results: No postoperative complications in main (HIFU) and 8 complications in control groups, 5 recurrences after 12-18 months were revealed in control group and 0 in main, inpatient stay duration was less by 52% in main group than in control group. Power ablation investigations show that 100W ablation created initial changes related to coagulation necrosis, full coagulation necrosis was observed at 200W and complete destruction of tissue at 300W. Questionnaire results shows that HIFU treatment reduced intensity of pain by 44.7% and stimulated early resumption of functional activeness by 66.7%. Conclusion: HIFU therapy is new effective treatment method for breast fibroadenoma, that has less post-treatment complications and recurrences than surgical method, and may be used as an independent treatment of breast fibroadenoma.

This review is devoted to one of the vital topics in cardiovascular surgery – pathophysiologyof an aortopathy in case of bicuspid aortic valve. In the article reviewed the modern point of view on a problem considering new achievements in genetics, molecular biology and altered haemodynamic.