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The clothing sector is one which possesses significance in global trade. The sector has been negatively affected by the pandemic due to its labor-intensive structure and possession of a relatively long and global supply chain. At this point, the Turkish clothing sector, which is the sixth biggest clothing supplier in the world, the third biggest clothing supplier in the European Union, and comprised 10% of Turkey's general exports in 2019, should be investigated. In this context, this research aims to determine the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on supply chain management in the Turkish clothing sector. Also, it aims to specify possible solutions against the negative effects of the COVID-19 pandemic. In accordance with the aim of the research, a survey was conducted in clothing enterprises. 391 survey questionnaires were incorporated into the research. According to the research results, it is determined that supply chain management in the Turkish clothing sector has been negatively affected by the COVID-19 pandemic. Order disruptions and cessations have ruined employment, production, procurement and investment processes resulting in financial disruptions. The most significant possible precautions that can be taken by enterprises that can be indicated as follows: benefiting from government support, heading towards online trade and an omni-channel strategy, actualising necessary alterations in product ranges, giving essential importance to innovation, efficient use of occupational health and safety systems, shortening the supply chain as far as possible, integrating digitalisation into all processes of the supply chain, and increasing the efficiency of marketing activities. © 2022 Seher Kanat et al., published by Sciendo., Türkiye Bilimsel ve Teknolojik Araştırma Kurumu, TÜBİTAK, The authors would like to thank TÜBİTAK. This research project, which is registered as 120M279, is funded by The Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkey (TÜBİTAK).

MorphoLex is a study in which root, prefix and suffixes of words are analyzed. With MorphoLex, many words can be analyzed according to certain rules and a useful database can be created. Due to the fact that Turkish is an agglutinative language and the richness of its language structure, it offers different analyzes and results from previous studies in MorphoLex. In this study, we revealed the process of creating a database with 48,472 words and the results of the differences in language structure.

The most important factor determining the quality of fleece to be obtained from a sheep is genetic capacity. From this point of view, it can be said that our domestic sheep breeds are meat or dairy sheep breeds. It can be said that the breed with the highest potential to obtain quality fleece in Turkey is Karacabey merino (Turkish merino). The two most critical parameters that determine the quality of a fleece are fineness and length. In order for a fleece to be usable in the worsted weaving industry, its fineness must be 24.94 microns and below, and its length must be longer than 8 cm. However, studies have shown that the percentage of Karacabey merino sheep with wool with a fineness value of less than 24 microns is very low. For this reason, it is thought that sheep breeds with high quality wool yield can be developed in our country with multidisciplinary projects to be carried out especially by textile engineering, zootechnology department of agricultural engineering, and veterinary faculties. In this review article, information is given about the history of merinoization in Turkey, our native merino breeds and previous studies on the fleece characteristics of the Karacabey merino breed. © 2022,Tekstil ve Muhendis. All Rights Reserved.

Introduction At the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic, various social measures were taken and various sectors were affected with strict precautions and safety measurements. The construction industry, where numerous employees work together, was affected by these COVID restrictions. The pandemic period typically further delayed the construction contracts. Methods This study addresses the project duration, pandemic risk, and project cost of a construction project case by using both multi-objective genetic algorithm and resource constrained project scheduling techniques, using modeling of COVID-19 infection rate. Finally, the analytic hierarchy process (AHP), a multi-objective technique, is used to obtain an optimal solution using three criteria: project duration, total cost, and pandemic risk value. Results A case study is used for analyzing the outcomes of the pandemic-based modeling, the original schedule of the case study ends in 46 days. Feasible schedules are obtained with durations occurring between 61 to 199 days, the pandemic risks range from 46% to 89%, and the total cost varies from 174,669.8 Turkish Lira (TL) to 186,126.7 TL. Consequently, the most optimal-final solution is obtained Alternative 5 (0.46% pandemic risk, 199 Day (10 workers) with 185,722 TL). Conclusion We conclude that the possible rate of pandemic-related delays can be obtained by using both these techniques and the infection modeling method. Using the COVID-19 infection rate modeling, duration and cost changes are calculated by considering infection risk in construction workers. Practical Applications: Using the COVID-19 infection rate modeling, project delays and cost overruns are determined by considering infection risk in construction workers. Optimum worker sizes and delayed construction activities are determined according to the selected solution by using the AHP technique. Expectedly, this study may help determine the construction process while preserving social distances between construction workers during pandemic situations like COVID-19.

6th International Conference on Computer Science and Engineering, UBMK 2021 -- 15 September 2021 through 17 September 2021 -- -- 176826, Users can freely express their opinions about many events on social media platforms. It may be necessary to analyze the data in order to get the opinion of the society about these events. Therefore, sentiment analysis studies are gaining importance today. Many different methods and models are used for sentiment analysis. While language models such as the BERT model are widely used in the English language, there are very few studies for the Turkish language in sentiment analysis. In this study, sentiment analysis was performed on tweets using BERT models and machine learning methods. In addition, the trained BERT models and machine learning methods were compared. Among the Random Forest, Naive Bayes and Logistic Regression machine learning methods, Logistic Regression was the most successful method with 98.4%. BERT models achieved 98.75% accuracy and surpassed the success of machine learning methods. The positive effect of the BERT model on sentiment analysis was shown with this study. © 2021 IEEE

6th International Conference on Computer Science and Engineering, UBMK 2021 -- 15 September 2021 through 17 September 2021 -- -- 176826, Nowadays, shopping is done more comfortably and without time constraints with the throwing of e-commerce platforms. These platforms allow consumers to examine reviews before purchasing products. Thus, consumers can decide whether to buy a product with positive or negative comments about the products. In this paper, Turkish sentiment analysis was carried out on the product comments at the Hepsiburada platform. For sentiment analysis, firstly, the success of Random Forest, Naive Bayes and Logistic Regression machine learning methods was measured. Then, the effect of BERT, ELECTRA and ALBERT language models on sentiment analysis was analyzed and the success of language models was compared with machine learning methods. While Naive Bayes achieved the highest accuracy with 89.95% among machine learning methods, ELECTRA was the most successful with 92.54% among language models. As a result of the study, it has been shown that the ELECTRA and ALBERT language models are more successful than machine learning methods. © 2021 IEEE

Two approaches to the statistical analysis of texts are suggested, both based on the study of numerals occurrence in coherent texts. The first approach is related to the study of the frequency distribution of various leading digits of numerals occurring in the text. These frequencies are unequal: the digit 1 is strongly dominating; usually, the incidence of subsequent digits is monotonically decreasing. The frequencies of occurrence of the digit 1, as well as, to a lesser extent, the digits 2 and 3, are usually a characteristic author's style feature, manifested in all (sufficiently long) texts of any author. This approach is convenient for testing whether a group of texts has common authorship: the latter is dubious if the frequency distributions are sufficiently different. The second approach is the extension of the first one and requires the study of the frequency distribution of numerals themselves (not their leading digits). The approach yields non-trivial information about the author, stylistic and genre peculiarities of the texts and is suited for the advanced discourse analysis. This paper deals with the application of the second approach to the literary texts in Turkish. We have analysed almost the whole corpus of works by are illustrated by examples of computer analysis of the literary texts by O. Pamuk and Y. Kemal - two of Turkey's most prominent novelists. The hierarchical cluster analysis based on the occurrence of numerals in the texts by Pamuk and Kemal shows the author, genre, and chronology differences of numerals usage in the literary texts of these authors. © The Authors, published by EDP Sciences, 2021. We believe that the methodology we are developing can be a useful addition to the traditional stylometric practices of taking into account the length of sentences and words, the frequency of use of service words and certain significant parts of speech, etc. This work was supported by a grant from the Russian Foundation for Basic Research, project No. 19-012-00199A, “A New Method of Text Attribution Based on Statistics of Numerals”. This work was partially supported by a scholarship from the Slovak Academic Information Agency.

We give a FST description of nominal and finite verb morphology of Azarbaijani Turkish. We use a hybrid approach where nominal inflection is expressed as a slot-based paradigm and major parts of verb inflection are expressed as optional paths on the FST. We collapse adjective and noun categories in a single nominal category as they behave similarly as far as their paradigms are concerned. Thus, we defer a more precise identification of POS to further down the NLP pipeline. Publisher's Version

Authors would like to thank Işik University, Ataturk University, ATASAM, OPAM, and the Ministry of Development for the funding and support (2011K120230). The purpose of this study is expressing advances in design stages for in flange optical field derotator system for 4 meters DAG Telescope. In-Flange Derotator KORAY (K-mirror OpticalRelAY) is designed, analysed and manufactured to meet the specifications of DAG telescope. DAG telescope, situated at Erzurum/Karakaya summit at 3150m altitude, is the first Turkish optical telescope with VIS(Visible) and IR (Infrared) observation capability. DAG, designed by Turkish engineers at FMV Isik University, is also the largest telescope (4m diameter) in Turkey and in European continent. Being one of the 2023 vision projects; the first light of DAG is expected to take place in 2021. This purpose brings some real-life challenges such as design limitations, material selection and electronic integration. Publisher's Version WOS:000769070400067

In this study, Bakay et. al [1] and Yildiz et. al.'s [2] work on Turkish constituency treebanks were developed further. Compared to the previous work, the most prominent feature of this study is the fact that every annotation and refinement process is held manually. In addition, constituency treebank created as a result of this study abides by the syntactic rules and typologic features of Turkish while the trees created by previous studies convey only the translated and simply inverted trees that completely ignore the syntactic properties of Turkish. The methodology followed in this study resulted in a significantly more accurate representation of Turkish language and simpler, relatively flatter trees. The straightforward style of trees in this study reduces the complexity and offers a better training dataset for learning algorithms. Publisher's Version

In this paper, we aim to introduce the dependency annotation process of the largest and the only cross-linguistic Turkish dependency treebank which was translated from the original Penn Treebank corpus. Within the scope of this project, 16.400 sentences have been morphologically and semantically annotated, and the dependency relations were manually carried out by a team of linguists. It is hoped that this project will serve as a base for a successful dependency parser and a system which can automatically perform the bi-directional conversion between constituency and dependency trees. Publisher's Version

In this paper, we present and explain TRopBank “Turkish PropBank v2.0”. PropBank is a hand-annotated corpus of propositions which is used to obtain the predicate-argument information of a language. Predicate-argument information of a language can help understand semantic roles of arguments. “Turkish PropBank v2.0”, unlike PropBank v1.0, has a much more extensive list of Turkish verbs, with 17.673 verbs in total. Publisher's Version

In this paper, we describe the steps in a visual modeling of Turkish morphology using diagramming tools. We aimed to make modeling easier and more maintainable while automating much of the code generation. We released the resulting analyzer, MorTur, and the diagram conversion tool, DiaMor as free, open-source utilities. MorTur analyzer is also publicly available on its web page as a web service. MorTur and DiaMor are part of our ongoing efforts in building a set of natural language processing tools for Turkic languages under a consistent framework. Publisher's Version

e-Petitioning is a type of information and communication technology for development that can be used by citizens to express their voices in society. Although much work is focused on government-citizen relationships, little is known about whether and, if so, how e-petitions technology might result in structural transformations in public administration. In this study, we investigated the effects of an e-petitioning system in the Turkish public administration from neo-institutional and transaction cost perspectives. In contrast to the expectation of reducing transaction costs due to ICTs use, the transaction costs increased. The changes have further strengthened the central government by transforming the current tutelary relationship into a more hierarchical structure. The change is not driven by lowering transaction costs; instead, the change mirrors the power structures. The use of technology changed the structures in such a way that political power structures are reinforced while empowering the citizens to make their voices heard. © 2020 Commonwealth Secretariat.

In this study, we summarize the semantic drift problem that occur in specific synsets of KeNet, a Turkish WordNet, which is caused by mis-merging of semantically-related lexical items, morphological markings and false part of speech (POS) matchings. We present our approach to these problems in order to eliminate the semantic drift. We have re-analyzed the dictionary definitions of the items, placed those that possess different verbal markings into separate synsets, and divided synsets based on the POS of the items in them. Publisher's Version

After the financial liberalization in the emerging economies, their stock markets have grown very rapidly in terms of value and volumes. However, a sharp increase in the prices of strategic commodities like oil and gold can have negative effects on the macroeconomics of the emerging economies and their stock markets. This study analyses the dynamic relationship between oil, gold and stock market returns in Turkey. It particularly investigates volatility spillover from oil and gold to the Borsa Istanbul Stock Exchange Index after the global financial crises. Movement of the BIST index with the international oil and gold prices are examined by using different versions of the SVAR-DCC-GARCH framework. The bootstrap causality test which accounts for the non-normal distribution of errors is utilized to specify the SVAR model. Our results support the presence of time-varying co-movement and volatility spillover from gold and oil to the Turkish stock market. Volatilities are high, and gold has stronger impact on the stock market than oil; therefore, gold cannot be used as a safe haven against volatility risk. The results imply that Turkey needs dynamic macroeconomic policies to manage the spillover effects of volatility after the global crisis. © 2019 Elsevier Ltd

Kelime ağları, bir dildeki kelimeler arasındaki bağlantıları, eş anlam kümeleri oluşturarak ve bu kümeleri birbirine çeşitli anlamsal bağıntılar ile bağlayarak temsil eden bir çizge veri yapısıdır. Doğal dil işleme alanındaki en yaygın bilinen kelime ağı WordNet 1990 yılında İngilizce için oluşturulmuşken, Türkçe için en kapsamlı ağ, 2018 yılında oluşturulan KeNet’tir. Bildiğimiz kadarıyla, içinde 80000 eş anlam kümesi ve 25 farklı anlamsal bağlantı bulunan KeNet için şu ana kadar geliştirilen bir kullanıcı arayüzü yoktur. Bu çalışmada, KeNet çizgesinde, anlamsal bağlantıları kullanarak eş anlam kümeleri arasında çevrimiçi olarak gezinmeyi sağlayan bir arayüz sunuyoruz. Bu arayüz sayesinde, bir söz öbeği KeNet’te aranabilir ve eş anlam kümeleri arasındaki üst/alt anlam, parça-bütün ilişkileri gibi ilişkiler kullanılarak KeNet üzerinde gezilebilir. Ayrıca, herhangi bir eş anlam kümesinin, varsa, İngilizce karşılığının kimliği de görüntülenebilir ve bu kümeye WordNet’e ait internet sayfasından erişilebilir. Word networks are graphs that represent relations between literals by constructing synonym sets and connecting these sets via various semantic relations. WordNet was constructed in 1990 for English, which is the most popular word network in natural language processing, whereas, KeNet was proposed in 2018, which is the most comprehensive network for Turkish. To the best of our knowledge, there is no user interface for KeNet, which contains 80000 synonym sets and 25 different semantic relations. In this work, we present a user interface, which enables traversing synonym sets in KeNet via semantic relations. Thanks to this interface, KeNet can be searched for a literal and can be traversed using the relations such as hypernym/hyponym and holonym/meronym. Moreover, for any synonym set, ID of the corresponding WordNet synonym set can be seen, if exists and this synonym set can be viewed in the WordNet's web page. Publisher's Version

Kelime ağı, anlamlarına göre organize edilmiş kelimeleri barındıran bir veritabanıdır. Bir kelime ağı, sahip olduğu kelimelerin anlamlarını, bilişsel eş anlamlılarını, türlerini, diğer anlamlar ile arasındaki ilişkilerini ve bu anlamların tanımlarını temsil eder. Bu çalışma ile, emlak alanına özgü bir sözlük oluşturmak ve bu yeni sözlüğü kullanarak daha küçük bir kelime ağı tasarlamak yoluyla biçimbilimsel çözümleme ve anlam belirsizliği giderme gibi Doğal Dil İşleme görevlerini kolaylaştıracak bir yöntem öneriyoruz. Ön çalışma olarak, emlak alanına özgü 7,000 kelime içeren bir sözlük ve yaklaşık 11,000 eş anlam kümesinden oluşan bir kelime ağı oluşturuldu ve bunlar çeşitli görevlerle doğrulandı. WordNet is a thesaurus which represents word senses, meanings of lemmas, relations between senses, and definitions of these senses. In this paper, we propose a method to simplify the morphological analysis and disambiguation tasks performed in a specific domain by creating a subset of original Turkish dictionary and WordNet. As a preliminary study, we create a dictionary for the estate domain with 7,000 words and a WordNet with 11,000 synsets, then validate them on simple tasks. We would like to thank Mehmet Gallen for discussions. This work has been supported by the Turkish Academy of Sciences in the framework of the Young Scientist Award Program (EA-TUBA-GEBIP/2001-1-1), Bogazici University Scientific Research Project 05HA101 and Turkish Scientific Technical Research Council TUBITAK EEEAG 104E079 Publisher's Version

This paper describes our approach to developing the Turkish PropBank by adopting the semantic role-labeling guidelines of the original PropBank and using the translation of the English Penn-TreeBank as a resource. We discuss the semantic annotation process of the PropBank and language-specific cases for Turkish, the tools we have developed for annotation, and quality control for multiuser annotation. In the current phase of the project, more than 9500 sentences are semantically analyzed and predicate-argument information is extracted for 1330 verbs and 1914 verb senses. Our plan is to annotate 17,000 sentences by the end of 2017. This work was supported by Isik University BAP projects 14B206 and 15B201 Publisher's Version

This paper reports our efforts in constructing of a sense labeled Turkish corpus with respect to Turkish Language Institution's dictionary, using the traditional method of manual tagging. We tagged a pre-built parallel treebank which is translated from the Penn Treebank II corpus. This approach allowed us to generate a full-coverage resource, in which syntactic and semantic information merged. We also provide miscellaneous statistics about the corpus itself as well as its development process. This work was supported by Tubitak project 116E104 and Isik University BAP project 15B201 Publisher's Version

Thermal and hygric expansion characteristics of mortars and bricks from the dome structures of three Turkish Baths from 14th and 15th centuries were investigated. The linear thermal expansion coefficients of the mortars and bricks were determined in the temperature range from -10 °C to 50 °C and hygric expansion characteristics of the same samples were studied in the relative humidity range from 30% to 80%. The results showed that the thermal and hygric expansion characteristics of mortars used in the dome structures of the studied baths are very similar to those of bricks used within the same structure. The thermal expansion coefficients of the mortars are 2.5% to at most 10% greater than the bricks of the same dome. The linear displacement of the mortars and bricks due to relative humidity changes are less pronounced in comparison with the displacement due to thermal changes, but similarity in the expansion trends in between the mortar and bricks of the same structure is also observed for the hygric expansion test results. Since movement of the materials resulting from cyclic changes in temperature or relative humidity may cause stresses at the interfaces where different materials are in contact, eventually resulting in cracks and detachments, it is important to consider the thermal and hygric expansion behavior of the original materials during the selection of repair materials to be used in the conservation works of these dome structures. © 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Thirty chestnut and twenty-six of floral honeys were collected from different regions of Turkey. The amounts of phenolic compounds in honeys were determined by high performance liquid chromatography-diode array detection. The antioxidant capacities were determined by ABTS and CHROMAC methods. The total phenolic content of honeys were determined by spectrophotometric method using the Folin-Ciocalteu reagent. Caffeic, protocatechuic, and p-hydroxybenzoic acids are the major phenolic compounds with the contents of 44.52, 17.48, and 21.50 mg/kg, respectively in chestnut honeys. Chestnut honeys exhibited the higher antioxidant and better antimicrobial activities, and than the floral honeys. Floral honeys contain similar amounts of propolis flavonoids such as pinocembrin, chrysin, and galangin. The results show that these flavonoids can be used as chemical markers in honey samples. Practical applications Honey is an important natural product that contains major compounds including glucose and fructose and minor components such as amino acids, organic acids, enzymes, vitamins, proteins, phytochemical substances mainly flavonoids and other phenolic compounds. Plants are important sources of natural compounds that contain polyphenolic derivatives such as flavonoids and phenolic acids. These bioactive compounds can be transferred from plants to honey. Polyphenolic compounds were recognized as the major components responsible for health-promoting properties of honey. This article evaluates the antimicrobial and antioxidant activities and phenolic compounds of chestnut and floral honeys. The chemical content and biological properties of honey have been studied extensively in many but there are a few studies in our knowledge about the determination of phenolic compounds in chestnut honey.

This study investigated the visual and tactile evaluation of 10 towel samples made from different fiber contents. The survey was conducted by Turkish and Japanese panelists. It was also studied how psychological manners can change their preferences. To test these facts, two kinds of trial (blind test and open test) were applied on panelists. In this way, it was observed that some of the panelists changed their first preferences from synthetic fiber-based towel to natural fiber-based towel. This fact verified that psychological manners had a great effect on Turkish consumers’ preferences, and fiber content and thickness were the most distinctive properties. Then, the preferences of the panelists were ranked and the most preferred samples were determined and compared with Japanese consumers’ preferences. It was also found that Japanese people were more consistent than Turkish people and external factors and psychological manners were not effective on their decisions. © 2016 The Textile Institute.

DAG (Eastern Anatolia Observatory in Turkish) will be the newest and largest (4m) observatory of Turkey in both optical (VIS) and near-infrared (NIR) Owith its robust observing site infrastructure. The telescope is designedOto house 2 Nasmyth platformes which will be dedicated to NIR and VIS observations. A collaboration has recently been established among four Turkish universities including FMV Isik University (for adaptive optics systems), Middle East Technical University (fort measurement, test and calibration purposes), Istanbul University (for new technology instruments, e.g. MKIDs) and as the coordinator Ataturk University (for obtaining NIR and VIS instruments). In this paper the status of the recently approved FPI project and its aims are presented and possible collaboration opportunities are emphasized. Publisher's Version

Garment used to protect people from climatic influences in ancient times have turned into a phenomenon to decorate outer body of humans with their aesthetical pleasure as well as functionality through historical times. With the influences of covering, protection requirements, environmental factors, internal dynamics which form society (religion, race, language, customs and traditions) personality structures in process of being individual, likes and clothing with the influence in change in life and thinking style clothing takes attraction as being second skin as well as its ornamental factors. Turkish garment culture has been influenced by various factors from past to future, carrying garments embroidered with decorative features thanks to aesthetical pleasure from tradition to future. The purpose of the present study is to examine decorative elements adding an aesthetical value to what is worn as well as to development of Turkish wearing culture through its historical process. The study can describe decorative embroidery aspects applied to garments for embroidery purposes as embroidery art ornamental sewing techniques, those created by various accessories and those produced by dying-printing technique. This research study conducted on embroidery art shows that embroidery art to add aesthetical dimension is of great importance in our materialistic culture creations. Two methods were employed in the study for examining the samples of embroidery arts. The first method consists of literature scanning and the second includes museum and design examinations of designs of fashion designer Bahar Korcan's collections with her permission. Information from literature and works selected from Sadberk Hanim Museum Collection were examined for the examples of embroidery arts used in traditional clothing. Zuhal Yorgancioglu and Bahar Korcan's works were included in the examples where Turkish embroidery arts from past to present day were interpreted by Fashion designers.

We present the details of a proposed microwave kinetic inductance detector (MKID) for the DAG (Eastern Anatolia Observatory in Turkish) telescope, DAG-MKID. The observatory will have a modern 4m size telescope that is currently under construction. Current plan to obtain the first light with the telescope is late 2019. The proposed MKID based instrument will enable astronomers to simultaneously detect photons in the relatively wide wavelength range of 4000-13500 Å with a timing accuracy of μs and spectral resolution R = /▵ =10-25. With a planned field of view of approximately an arcminute, DAG-MKID will mostly be used for follow-up observations of transient or variable objects as well as a robust tool to measure photometric redshifts of a large number of galaxies or other extra-galactic objects. Publisher's Version

Named entity recognition (NER) is one of the basic tasks in automatic extraction of information from natural language texts. In this paper, we describe an automatic rule learning method that exploits different features of the input text to identify the named entities located in the natural language texts. Moreover, we explore the use of morphological features for extracting named entities from Turkish texts. We believe that the developed system can also be used for other agglutinative languages. The paper also provides a comprehensive overview of the field by reviewing the NER research literature. We conducted our experiments on the TurkIE dataset, a corpus of articles collected from different Turkish newspapers. Our method achieved an average F-score of 91.08% on the dataset. The results of the comparative experiments demonstrate that the developed technique is successfully applicable to the task of automatic NER and exploiting morphological features can significantly improve the NER from Turkish, an agglutinative language. © The Author(s) 2011.

The search for alternative fuels and new fuel resources is a top priority for Turkey, as is the case in the majority of countries throughout the world. The fuel policies pursued by governmental or civil authorities are of key importance in the success of alternative fuel use, especially for widespread and efficient use. Following the 1973 petroleum crisis, many users in Turkey, especially in transportation sector, searched for alternative fuels and forms of transportation. Gasoline engines were replaced with diesel engines between the mid-1970s and mid-1980s. In addition, natural gas was introduced to the Turkish market for heating in the early 1990s. Liquid petroleum gas was put into use in the mid-1990s, and bio-diesel was introduced into the market for transportation in 2003. However, after long periods of indifference governmental action, guidance and fuel policies were so weak that they did not make sense. Entrepreneurs and users experienced great economical losses and lost confidence in future attempts to search for other possible alternatives. In the present study, we will look at the history of alternative fuel use in the recent past and investigate the alternative engine fuel potential of Turkey, as well as introduce possible future policies based on experience.

In this paper, we propose a generic text summarization method that generates summaries of Turkish texts by ranking sentences according to their scores. Sentence scores are calculated using their surface-level features, and summaries are created by extracting the highest ranked sentences from the original documents. To extract sentences which form a summary with an extensive coverage of the main content of the text and less redundancy, we use features such as term frequency, key phrase (KP), centrality, title similarity and sentence position. The sentence rank is computed using a score function that uses its feature values and the weights of the features. The best feature weights are learned using machine-learning techniques with the help of human-constructed summaries. Performance evaluation is conducted by comparing summarization outputs with manual summaries of two newly created Turkish data sets. This paper presents one of the first Turkish summarization systems, and its results are promising. We introduce the usage of KP as a surface-level feature in text summarization, and we show the effectiveness of the centrality feature in text summarization. The effectiveness of the features in Turkish text summarization is also analyzed in detail. © The Author 2008. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of The British Computer Society. All rights reserved.

In this paper, we report our work on chunking in Turkish. We used the data that we generated by manually translating a subset of the Penn Treebank. We exploited the already available tags in the trees to automatically identify and label chunks in their Turkish translations. We used conditional random fields (CRF) to train a model over the annotated data. We report our results on different levels of chunk resolution. Publisher's Version

This chapter aims to analyze the present state of social media policy implementation and evaluation in Turkish municipalities in the Marmara region. We employed a questionnaire form for this purpose. We found that only a ratio of 35.5 % have social media policy. A great majority of respondent municipalities lack a written guide in conducting social media use at institutional level. We do not observe a common policy for personnel education addressing social media use for better personal, or institutional interest, neither do we see a diffusive evaluation of social media use. Thus, we argue that there is an increasing rate of awareness in terms of benefitting from social media use but there is a clear deficiency with regard to implementing and evaluating the social media policy. © Springer International Publishing Switzerland 2015.

Bu çalışmada, Türkçe haber yayını verilerine ilişkin bürünsel özelliklerin açık kaynak kodlu yazılımlar ile çıkarılması ve bürünsel özellik gruplarının Otomatik Konuşma Tanıma (Automatic Speech Recognition) Sistemi çıkışından elde edilen metin üzerinde cümle bölütlemedeki başarımlarının karşılaştırılması gerçekleştirilmiştir.Özellikle cümle bölütleme işlevi için oldukça yüksek başarım oranına sahip bir bürünsel özellik seti elde edilmiştir. In this study, extracting the prosodic information for Turkish Broadcast News Data using the open source tools and comparing the sentence segmentation performances of these grouped prosodic information on the raw data obtained as an output from the Automatic Speech Recognition System are established. Especially for the sentence segmentation task, a very promising prosodic feature set is obtained. Publisher's Version

Conference Name: 16th International Conference on Information Fusion, 2013 Date of Conference: 09-12 July 2013 Due to lack of statistical reliability analysis of earthquake precursors, earthquake prediction from ionospheric parameters is considered to be controversial. In this study, reliability of earthquake prediction is investigated using dense TEC data estimated from the Turkish National Permanent GPS Network (TNPGN- Active). © 2013 ISIF ( Intl Society of Information Fusi.

A functional rib-knitted cord and the knitting machine for its production were designed having Turkish Patent Institute Applications No: 2011/00438 and No: 2011/00483 respectively. Functions such as mechanical, thermal etc. can be cultivated using the designed cord. Our interest here is to introduce this newly designed cord and to give a geometrical model for this cord. The model is created and drawn to scale by using the 3DS-Max computer graphical program. The model is the general one and can be applied to various applications of the structure of various tightness values; therefore, the direct comparison of the model with any set of experimental findings, depending on the application area of the cord, is left for the future. However, the assumptions about obtaining spirally connected loops of the model are observed to be correct, as the loop shapes are similar when we compare them with the real cord knitted as samples. © 2013, SAGE Publications. All rights reserved.

This article examines the relationship between values and risk perceptions regarding terror attacks. The participants in the study are university students from Turkey (n = 536) and Israel (n = 298). Schwartz value theory (1992, 1994) is applied to conceptualize and measure values. Cognitive (perceived likelihood and perceived severity) and emotional (fear, helplessness, anger, distress, insecurity, hopelessness, sadness, and anxiety) responses about the potential of (i) being personally exposed to a terror attack, and (ii) a terror attack that may occur in one's country are assessed to measure risk perceptions. Comparison of the two groups suggests that the Turkish participants are significantly more emotional about terror risks than the Israeli respondents. Both groups perceive the risk of a terror attack that may occur in their country more likely than the risk of being personally exposed to a terror attack. No significant differences are found in emotional representations and perceived severity ratings regarding these risks. Results provide support for the existence of a link between values and risk perceptions of terror attacks. In both countries, self-direction values are negatively related to emotional representations, whereas security values are positively correlated with emotions; hedonism and stimulation values are negatively related to perceived likelihood. Current findings are discussed in relation to previous results, theoretical approaches (the social amplification of risk framework and cultural theory of risk), and practical implications (increasing community support for a course of action, training programs for risk communicators). © 2012 Society for Risk Analysis.