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1. GWAS meta-analysis of over 29,000 people with epilepsy identifies 26 risk loci and subtype-specific genetic architecture

Author: Stevelink, R, Campbell, C, Chen, S, Abou-Khalil, B, Adesoji, OM, Afawi, Z, Amadori, E, Anderson, A, Anderson, J, Andrade, DM, Annesi, G, Auce, P, Avbersek, A, Bahlo, M, Baker, MD, Balagura, G, Balestrini, S, Barba, C, Barboza, K, Bartolomei, F, Bast, T, Baum, L, Baumgartner, T, Baykan, B, Bebek, N, Becker, AJ, Becker, F, Bennett, CA, Berghuis, B, Berkovic, SF, Beydoun, A, Bianchini, C, Bisulli, F, Blatt, I, Bobbili, DR, Borggraefe, I, Bosselmann, C, Braatz, V, Bradfield, JP, Brockmann, K, Brody, LC, Buono, RJ, Busch, RM, Caglayan, H, Campbell, E, Canafoglia, L, Canavati, C, Cascino, GD, Castellotti, B, Catarino, CB, Cavalleri, GL, Cerrato, F, Chassoux, F, Cherny, SS, Cheung, C-L, Chinthapalli, K, Chou, I-J, Chung, S-K, Churchhouse, C, Clark, PO, Cole, AJ, Compston, A, Coppola, A, Cosico, M, Cossette, P, Craig, JJ, Cusick, C, Daly, MJ, Davis, LK, de Haan, G-J, Delanty, N, Depondt, C, Derambure, P, Devinsky, O, Di Vito, L, Dlugos, DJ, Doccini, V, Doherty, CP, El-Naggar, H, Elger, CE, Ellis, CA, Eriksson, JG, Faucon, A, Feng, Y-CA, Ferguson, L, Ferraro, TN, Ferri, L, Feucht, M, Fitzgerald, M, Fonferko-Shadrach, B, Fortunato, F, Franceschetti, S, Franke, A, French, JA, Freri, E, Gagliardi, M, Gambardella, A, Geller, EB, Giangregorio, T, Gjerstad, L, Glauser, T, Goldberg, E, Goldman, A, Granata, T, Greenberg, DA, Guerrini, R, Gupta, N, Haas, KF, Hakonarson, H, Hallmann, K, Hassanin, E, Hegde, M, Heinzen, EL, Helbig, I, Hengsbach, C, Heyne, HO, Hirose, S, Hirsch, E, Hjalgrim, H, Howrigan, DP, Hucks, D, Hung, P-C, Iacomino, M, Imbach, LL, Inoue, Y, Ishii, A, Jamnadas-Khoda, J, Jehi, L, Johnson, MR, Kalviainen, R, Kamatani, Y, Kanaan, M, Kanai, M, Kantanen, A-M, Kara, B, Kariuki, SM, Kasperaviciute, D, Trenite, DK-N, Kato, M, Kegele, J, Kesim, Y, Khoueiry-Zgheib, N, King, C, Kirsch, HE, Klein, KM, Kluger, G, Knake, S, Knowlton, RC, Koeleman, BPC, Korczyn, AD, Koupparis, A, Kousiappa, I, Krause, R, Krenn, M, Krestel, H, Krey, I, Kunz, WS, Kurki, MI, Kurlemann, G, Kuzniecky, R, Kwan, P, Labate, A, Lacey, A, Lal, D, Landoulsi, Z, Lau, Y-L, Lauxmann, S, Leech, SL, Lehesjoki, A-E, Lemke, JR, Lerche, H, Lesca, G, Leu, C, Lewin, N, Lewis-Smith, D, Li, GH-Y, Li, QS, Licchetta, L, Lin, K-L, Lindhout, D, Linnankivi, T, Lopes-Cendes, I, Lowenstein, DH, Lui, CHT, Madia, F, Magnusson, S, Marson, AG, May, P, McGraw, CM, Mei, D, Mills, JL, Minardi, R, Mirza, N, Moller, RS, Molloy, AM, Montomoli, M, Mostacci, B, Muccioli, L, Muhle, H, Mueller-Schlueter, K, Najm, IM, Nasreddine, W, Neale, BM, Neubauer, B, Newton, CRJC, Noethen, MM, Nothnagel, M, Nuernberg, P, O'Brien, TJ, Okada, Y, Olafsson, E, Oliver, KL, Ozkara, C, Palotie, A, Pangilinan, F, Papacostas, SS, Parrini, E, Pato, CN, Pato, MT, Pendziwiat, M, Petrovski, S, Pickrell, WO, Pinsky, R, Pippucci, T, Poduri, A, Pondrelli, F, Powell, RHW, Privitera, M, Rademacher, A, Radtke, R, Ragona, F, Rau, S, Rees, MI, Regan, BM, Reif, PS, Rhelms, S, Riva, A, Rosenow, F, Ryvlin, P, Saarela, A, Sadleir, LG, Sander, JW, Sander, T, Scala, M, Scattergood, T, Schachter, SC, Schankin, CJ, Scheffer, IE, Schmitz, B, Schoch, S, Schubert-Bast, S, Schulze-Bonhage, A, Scudieri, P, Sham, P, Sheidley, BR, Shih, JJ, Sills, GJ, Sisodiya, SM, Smith, MC, Smith, PE, Sonsma, ACM, Speed, D, Sperling, MR, Stefansson, H, Stefansson, K, Steinhoff, BJ, Stephani, U, Stewart, WC, Stipa, C, Striano, P, Stroink, H, Strzelczyk, A, Surges, R, Suzuki, T, Tan, KM, Taneja, RS, Tanteles, GA, Tauboll, E, Thio, LL, Thomas, GN, Thomas, RH, Timonen, O, Tinuper, P, Todaro, M, Topaloglu, P, Tozzi, R, Tsai, M-H, Tumiene, B, Turkdogan, D, Unnsteinsdottir, U, Utkus, A, Vaidiswaran, P, Valton, L, van Baalen, A, Vetro, A, Vining, EPG, Visscher, F, von Brauchitsch, S, von Wrede, R, Wagner, RG, Weber, YG, Weckhuysen, S, Weisenberg, J, Weller, M, Widdess-Walsh, P, Wolff, M, Wolking, S, Wu, D, Yamakawa, K, Yang, W, Yapici, Z, Yucesan, E, Zagaglia, S, Zahnert, F, Zara, F, Zhou, W, Zimprich, F, Zsurka, G, Ali, QZ, Stevelink, R, Campbell, C, Chen, S, Abou-Khalil, B, Adesoji, OM, Afawi, Z, Amadori, E, Anderson, A, Anderson, J, Andrade, DM, Annesi, G, Auce, P, Avbersek, A, Bahlo, M, Baker, MD, Balagura, G, Balestrini, S, Barba, C, Barboza, K, Bartolomei, F, Bast, T, Baum, L, Baumgartner, T, Baykan, B, Bebek, N, Becker, AJ, Becker, F, Bennett, CA, Berghuis, B, Berkovic, SF, Beydoun, A, Bianchini, C, Bisulli, F, Blatt, I, Bobbili, DR, Borggraefe, I, Bosselmann, C, Braatz, V, Bradfield, JP, Brockmann, K, Brody, LC, Buono, RJ, Busch, RM, Caglayan, H, Campbell, E, Canafoglia, L, Canavati, C, Cascino, GD, Castellotti, B, Catarino, CB, Cavalleri, GL, Cerrato, F, Chassoux, F, Cherny, SS, Cheung, C-L, Chinthapalli, K, Chou, I-J, Chung, S-K, Churchhouse, C, Clark, PO, Cole, AJ, Compston, A, Coppola, A, Cosico, M, Cossette, P, Craig, JJ, Cusick, C, Daly, MJ, Davis, LK, de Haan, G-J, Delanty, N, Depondt, C, Derambure, P, Devinsky, O, Di Vito, L, Dlugos, DJ, Doccini, V, Doherty, CP, El-Naggar, H, Elger, CE, Ellis, CA, Eriksson, JG, Faucon, A, Feng, Y-CA, Ferguson, L, Ferraro, TN, Ferri, L, Feucht, M, Fitzgerald, M, Fonferko-Shadrach, B, Fortunato, F, Franceschetti, S, Franke, A, French, JA, Freri, E, Gagliardi, M, Gambardella, A, Geller, EB, Giangregorio, T, Gjerstad, L, Glauser, T, Goldberg, E, Goldman, A, Granata, T, Greenberg, DA, Guerrini, R, Gupta, N, Haas, KF, Hakonarson, H, Hallmann, K, Hassanin, E, Hegde, M, Heinzen, EL, Helbig, I, Hengsbach, C, Heyne, HO, Hirose, S, Hirsch, E, Hjalgrim, H, Howrigan, DP, Hucks, D, Hung, P-C, Iacomino, M, Imbach, LL, Inoue, Y, Ishii, A, Jamnadas-Khoda, J, Jehi, L, Johnson, MR, Kalviainen, R, Kamatani, Y, Kanaan, M, Kanai, M, Kantanen, A-M, Kara, B, Kariuki, SM, Kasperaviciute, D, Trenite, DK-N, Kato, M, Kegele, J, Kesim, Y, Khoueiry-Zgheib, N, King, C, Kirsch, HE, Klein, KM, Kluger, G, Knake, S, Knowlton, RC, Koeleman, BPC, Korczyn, AD, Koupparis, A, Kousiappa, I, Krause, R, Krenn, M, Krestel, H, Krey, I, Kunz, WS, Kurki, MI, Kurlemann, G, Kuzniecky, R, Kwan, P, Labate, A, Lacey, A, Lal, D, Landoulsi, Z, Lau, Y-L, Lauxmann, S, Leech, SL, Lehesjoki, A-E, Lemke, JR, Lerche, H, Lesca, G, Leu, C, Lewin, N, Lewis-Smith, D, Li, GH-Y, Li, QS, Licchetta, L, Lin, K-L, Lindhout, D, Linnankivi, T, Lopes-Cendes, I, Lowenstein, DH, Lui, CHT, Madia, F, Magnusson, S, Marson, AG, May, P, McGraw, CM, Mei, D, Mills, JL, Minardi, R, Mirza, N, Moller, RS, Molloy, AM, Montomoli, M, Mostacci, B, Muccioli, L, Muhle, H, Mueller-Schlueter, K, Najm, IM, Nasreddine, W, Neale, BM, Neubauer, B, Newton, CRJC, Noethen, MM, Nothnagel, M, Nuernberg, P, O'Brien, TJ, Okada, Y, Olafsson, E, Oliver, KL, Ozkara, C, Palotie, A, Pangilinan, F, Papacostas, SS, Parrini, E, Pato, CN, Pato, MT, Pendziwiat, M, Petrovski, S, Pickrell, WO, Pinsky, R, Pippucci, T, Poduri, A, Pondrelli, F, Powell, RHW, Privitera, M, Rademacher, A, Radtke, R, Ragona, F, Rau, S, Rees, MI, Regan, BM, Reif, PS, Rhelms, S, Riva, A, Rosenow, F, Ryvlin, P, Saarela, A, Sadleir, LG, Sander, JW, Sander, T, Scala, M, Scattergood, T, Schachter, SC, Schankin, CJ, Scheffer, IE, Schmitz, B, Schoch, S, Schubert-Bast, S, Schulze-Bonhage, A, Scudieri, P, Sham, P, Sheidley, BR, Shih, JJ, Sills, GJ, Sisodiya, SM, Smith, MC, Smith, PE, Sonsma, ACM, Speed, D, Sperling, MR, Stefansson, H, Stefansson, K, Steinhoff, BJ, Stephani, U, Stewart, WC, Stipa, C, Striano, P, Stroink, H, Strzelczyk, A, Surges, R, Suzuki, T, Tan, KM, Taneja, RS, Tanteles, GA, Tauboll, E, Thio, LL, Thomas, GN, Thomas, RH, Timonen, O, Tinuper, P, Todaro, M, Topaloglu, P, Tozzi, R, Tsai, M-H, Tumiene, B, Turkdogan, D, Unnsteinsdottir, U, Utkus, A, Vaidiswaran, P, Valton, L, van Baalen, A, Vetro, A, Vining, EPG, Visscher, F, von Brauchitsch, S, von Wrede, R, Wagner, RG, Weber, YG, Weckhuysen, S, Weisenberg, J, Weller, M, Widdess-Walsh, P, Wolff, M, Wolking, S, Wu, D, Yamakawa, K, Yang, W, Yapici, Z, Yucesan, E, Zagaglia, S, Zahnert, F, Zara, F, Zhou, W, Zimprich, F, Zsurka, G, and Ali, QZ
Abstract: Epilepsy is a highly heritable disorder affecting over 50 million people worldwide, of which about one-third are resistant to current treatments. Here we report a multi-ancestry genome-wide association study including 29,944 cases, stratified into three broad categories and seven subtypes of epilepsy, and 52,538 controls. We identify 26 genome-wide significant loci, 19 of which are specific to genetic generalized epilepsy (GGE). We implicate 29 likely causal genes underlying these 26 loci. SNP-based heritability analyses show that common variants explain between 39.6% and 90% of genetic risk for GGE and its subtypes. Subtype analysis revealed markedly different genetic architectures between focal and generalized epilepsies. Gene-set analyses of GGE signals implicate synaptic processes in both excitatory and inhibitory neurons in the brain. Prioritized candidate genes overlap with monogenic epilepsy genes and with targets of current antiseizure medications. Finally, we leverage our results to identify alternate drugs with predicted efficacy if repurposed for epilepsy treatment.
Published: 2023

2. Sub-genic intolerance, ClinVar, and the epilepsies: A whole-exome sequencing study of 29,165 individuals

Author: Motelow, JE, Povysil, G, Dhindsa, RS, Stanley, KE, Allen, AS, Feng, Y-CA, Howrigan, DP, Abbott, LE, Tashman, K, Cerrato, F, Cusick, C, Singh, T, Heyne, H, Byrnes, AE, Churchhouse, C, Watts, N, Solomonson, M, Lal, D, Gupta, N, Neale, BM, Cavalleri, GL, Cossette, P, Cotsapas, C, De Jonghe, P, Dixon-Salazar, T, Guerrini, R, Hakonarson, H, Heinzen, EL, Helbig, I, Kwan, P, Marson, AG, Petrovski, S, Kamalakaran, S, Sisodiya, SM, Stewart, R, Weckhuysen, S, Depondt, C, Dlugos, DJ, Scheffer, IE, Striano, P, Freyer, C, Krause, R, May, P, McKenna, K, Regan, BM, Bennett, CA, Leu, C, Leech, SL, O'Brien, TJ, Todaro, M, Stamberger, H, Andrade, DM, Ali, QZ, Sadoway, TR, Krestel, H, Schaller, A, Papacostas, SS, Kousiappa, I, Tanteles, GA, Christou, Y, Sterbova, K, Vlckova, M, Sedlackova, L, Lassuthova, P, Klein, KM, Rosenow, F, Reif, PS, Knake, S, Neubauer, BA, Zimprich, F, Feucht, M, Reinthaler, EM, Kunz, WS, Zsurka, G, Surges, R, Baumgartner, T, von Wrede, R, Pendziwiat, M, Muhle, H, Rademacher, A, van Baalen, A, von Spiczak, S, Stephani, U, Afawi, Z, Korczyn, AD, Kanaan, M, Canavati, C, Kurlemann, G, Muller-Schluter, K, Kluger, G, Haeusler, M, Blatt, I, Lemke, JR, Krey, I, Weber, YG, Wolking, S, Becker, F, Lauxmann, S, Bosselmann, C, Kegele, J, Hengsbach, C, Rau, S, Steinhoff, BJ, Schulze-Bonhage, A, Borggraefe, I, Schankin, CJ, Schubert-Bast, S, Schreiber, H, Mayer, T, Korinthenberg, R, Brockmann, K, Wolff, M, Dennig, D, Madeleyn, R, Kalviainen, R, Saarela, A, Timonen, O, Linnankivi, T, Lehesjoki, A-E, Rheims, S, Lesca, G, Ryvlin, P, Maillard, L, Valton, L, Derambure, P, Bartolomei, F, Hirsch, E, Michel, V, Chassoux, F, Rees, M, Chung, S-K, Pickrell, WO, Powell, R, Baker, MD, Fonferko-Shadrach, B, Lawthom, C, Anderson, J, Schneider, N, Balestrini, S, Zagaglia, S, Braatz, V, Johnson, MR, Auce, P, Sills, GJ, Baum, LW, Sham, PC, Cherny, SS, Lui, CHT, Delanty, N, Doherty, CP, Shukralla, A, El-Naggar, H, Widdess-Walsh, P, Barisi, N, Canafoglia, L, Franceschetti, S, Castellotti, B, Granata, T, Ragona, F, Zara, F, Iacomino, M, Riva, A, Madia, F, Vari, MS, Salpietro, V, Scala, M, Mancardi, MM, Nobili, L, Amadori, E, Giacomini, T, Bisulli, F, Pippucci, T, Licchetta, L, Minardi, R, Tinuper, P, Muccioli, L, Mostacci, B, Gambardella, A, Labate, A, Annesi, G, Manna, L, Gagliardi, M, Parrini, E, Mei, D, Vetro, A, Bianchini, C, Montomoli, M, Doccini, V, Barba, C, Hirose, S, Ishii, A, Suzuki, T, Inoue, Y, Yamakawa, K, Beydoun, A, Nasreddine, W, Zgheib, NK, Tumiene, B, Utkus, A, Sadleir, LG, King, C, Caglayan, SH, Arslan, M, Yapici, Z, Topaloglu, P, Kara, B, Yis, U, Turkdogan, D, Gundogdu-Eken, A, Bebek, N, Tsai, M-H, Ho, C-J, Lin, C-H, Lin, K-L, Chou, I-J, Poduri, A, Shiedley, BR, Shain, C, Noebels, JL, Goldman, A, Busch, RM, Jehi, L, Najm, IM, Ferguson, L, Khoury, J, Glauser, TA, Clark, PO, Buono, RJ, Ferraro, TN, Sperling, MR, Lo, W, Privitera, M, French, JA, Schachter, S, Kuzniecky, R, Devinsky, O, Hegde, M, Greenberg, DA, Ellis, CA, Goldberg, E, Helbig, KL, Cosico, M, Vaidiswaran, P, Fitch, E, Berkovic, SF, Lerche, H, Lowenstein, DH, Goldstein, DB, Motelow, JE, Povysil, G, Dhindsa, RS, Stanley, KE, Allen, AS, Feng, Y-CA, Howrigan, DP, Abbott, LE, Tashman, K, Cerrato, F, Cusick, C, Singh, T, Heyne, H, Byrnes, AE, Churchhouse, C, Watts, N, Solomonson, M, Lal, D, Gupta, N, Neale, BM, Cavalleri, GL, Cossette, P, Cotsapas, C, De Jonghe, P, Dixon-Salazar, T, Guerrini, R, Hakonarson, H, Heinzen, EL, Helbig, I, Kwan, P, Marson, AG, Petrovski, S, Kamalakaran, S, Sisodiya, SM, Stewart, R, Weckhuysen, S, Depondt, C, Dlugos, DJ, Scheffer, IE, Striano, P, Freyer, C, Krause, R, May, P, McKenna, K, Regan, BM, Bennett, CA, Leu, C, Leech, SL, O'Brien, TJ, Todaro, M, Stamberger, H, Andrade, DM, Ali, QZ, Sadoway, TR, Krestel, H, Schaller, A, Papacostas, SS, Kousiappa, I, Tanteles, GA, Christou, Y, Sterbova, K, Vlckova, M, Sedlackova, L, Lassuthova, P, Klein, KM, Rosenow, F, Reif, PS, Knake, S, Neubauer, BA, Zimprich, F, Feucht, M, Reinthaler, EM, Kunz, WS, Zsurka, G, Surges, R, Baumgartner, T, von Wrede, R, Pendziwiat, M, Muhle, H, Rademacher, A, van Baalen, A, von Spiczak, S, Stephani, U, Afawi, Z, Korczyn, AD, Kanaan, M, Canavati, C, Kurlemann, G, Muller-Schluter, K, Kluger, G, Haeusler, M, Blatt, I, Lemke, JR, Krey, I, Weber, YG, Wolking, S, Becker, F, Lauxmann, S, Bosselmann, C, Kegele, J, Hengsbach, C, Rau, S, Steinhoff, BJ, Schulze-Bonhage, A, Borggraefe, I, Schankin, CJ, Schubert-Bast, S, Schreiber, H, Mayer, T, Korinthenberg, R, Brockmann, K, Wolff, M, Dennig, D, Madeleyn, R, Kalviainen, R, Saarela, A, Timonen, O, Linnankivi, T, Lehesjoki, A-E, Rheims, S, Lesca, G, Ryvlin, P, Maillard, L, Valton, L, Derambure, P, Bartolomei, F, Hirsch, E, Michel, V, Chassoux, F, Rees, M, Chung, S-K, Pickrell, WO, Powell, R, Baker, MD, Fonferko-Shadrach, B, Lawthom, C, Anderson, J, Schneider, N, Balestrini, S, Zagaglia, S, Braatz, V, Johnson, MR, Auce, P, Sills, GJ, Baum, LW, Sham, PC, Cherny, SS, Lui, CHT, Delanty, N, Doherty, CP, Shukralla, A, El-Naggar, H, Widdess-Walsh, P, Barisi, N, Canafoglia, L, Franceschetti, S, Castellotti, B, Granata, T, Ragona, F, Zara, F, Iacomino, M, Riva, A, Madia, F, Vari, MS, Salpietro, V, Scala, M, Mancardi, MM, Nobili, L, Amadori, E, Giacomini, T, Bisulli, F, Pippucci, T, Licchetta, L, Minardi, R, Tinuper, P, Muccioli, L, Mostacci, B, Gambardella, A, Labate, A, Annesi, G, Manna, L, Gagliardi, M, Parrini, E, Mei, D, Vetro, A, Bianchini, C, Montomoli, M, Doccini, V, Barba, C, Hirose, S, Ishii, A, Suzuki, T, Inoue, Y, Yamakawa, K, Beydoun, A, Nasreddine, W, Zgheib, NK, Tumiene, B, Utkus, A, Sadleir, LG, King, C, Caglayan, SH, Arslan, M, Yapici, Z, Topaloglu, P, Kara, B, Yis, U, Turkdogan, D, Gundogdu-Eken, A, Bebek, N, Tsai, M-H, Ho, C-J, Lin, C-H, Lin, K-L, Chou, I-J, Poduri, A, Shiedley, BR, Shain, C, Noebels, JL, Goldman, A, Busch, RM, Jehi, L, Najm, IM, Ferguson, L, Khoury, J, Glauser, TA, Clark, PO, Buono, RJ, Ferraro, TN, Sperling, MR, Lo, W, Privitera, M, French, JA, Schachter, S, Kuzniecky, R, Devinsky, O, Hegde, M, Greenberg, DA, Ellis, CA, Goldberg, E, Helbig, KL, Cosico, M, Vaidiswaran, P, Fitch, E, Berkovic, SF, Lerche, H, Lowenstein, DH, and Goldstein, DB
Abstract: Both mild and severe epilepsies are influenced by variants in the same genes, yet an explanation for the resulting phenotypic variation is unknown. As part of the ongoing Epi25 Collaboration, we performed a whole-exome sequencing analysis of 13,487 epilepsy-affected individuals and 15,678 control individuals. While prior Epi25 studies focused on gene-based collapsing analyses, we asked how the pattern of variation within genes differs by epilepsy type. Specifically, we compared the genetic architectures of severe developmental and epileptic encephalopathies (DEEs) and two generally less severe epilepsies, genetic generalized epilepsy and non-acquired focal epilepsy (NAFE). Our gene-based rare variant collapsing analysis used geographic ancestry-based clustering that included broader ancestries than previously possible and revealed novel associations. Using the missense intolerance ratio (MTR), we found that variants in DEE-affected individuals are in significantly more intolerant genic sub-regions than those in NAFE-affected individuals. Only previously reported pathogenic variants absent in available genomic datasets showed a significant burden in epilepsy-affected individuals compared with control individuals, and the ultra-rare pathogenic variants associated with DEE were located in more intolerant genic sub-regions than variants associated with non-DEE epilepsies. MTR filtering improved the yield of ultra-rare pathogenic variants in affected individuals compared with control individuals. Finally, analysis of variants in genes without a disease association revealed a significant burden of loss-of-function variants in the genes most intolerant to such variation, indicating additional epilepsy-risk genes yet to be discovered. Taken together, our study suggests that genic and sub-genic intolerance are critical characteristics for interpreting the effects of variation in genes that influence epilepsy.
Published: 2021

3. Polygenic burden in focal and generalized epilepsies

Author: Leu C., Stevelink R., Smith A. W., Goleva S. B., Kanai M., Ferguson L., Campbell C., Kamatani Y., Okada Y., Sisodiya S. M., Cavalleri G. L., Koeleman B. P. C., Lerche H., Jehi L., Davis L. K., Najm I. M., Palotie A., Daly M. J., Busch R. M., Lal D., Feng Y. -C. A., Howrigan D. P., Abbott L. E., Tashman K., Cerrato F., Churchhouse C., Gupta N., Neale B. M., Berkovic S. F., Goldstein D. B., Lowenstein D. H., Cossette P., Cotsapas C., De Jonghe P., Dixon-Salazar T., Guerrini R., Hakonarson H., Heinzen E. L., Helbig I., Kwan P., Marson A. G., Petrovski S., Kamalakaran S., Stewart R., Weckhuysen S., Depondt C., Dlugos D. J., Scheffer I. E., Striano P., Freyer C., Krause R., May P., McKenna K., Regan B. M., Bellows S. T., Bennett C. A., Johns E. M. C., Macdonald A., Shilling H., Burgess R., Weckhuysen D., Bahlo M., O'Brien T. J., Todaro M., Stamberger H., Andrade D. M., Sadoway T. R., Mo K., Krestel H., Gallati S., Papacostas S. S., Kousiappa I., Tanteles G. A., Sterbova K., Vlckova M., Sedlackova L., Lassuthova P., Klein K. M., Rosenow F., Reif P. S., Knake S., Kunz W. S., Zsurka G., Elger C. E., Bauer J., Rademacher M., Pendziwiat M., Muhle H., Rademacher A., Van Baalen A., Von Spiczak S., Stephani U., Afawi Z., Korczyn A. D., Kanaan M., Canavati C., Kurlemann G., Muller-Schluter K., Kluger G., Hausler M., Blatt I., Lemke J. R., Krey I., Weber Y. G., Wolking S., Becker F., Hengsbach C., Rau S., Maisch A. F., Steinhoff B. J., Schulze-Bonhage A., Schubert-Bast S., Schreiber H., Borggrafe I., Schankin C. J., Mayer T., Korinthenberg R., Brockmann K., Dennig D., Madeleyn R., Kalviainen R., Auvinen P., Saarela A., Linnankivi T., Lehesjoki A. -E., Rees M. I., Chung S. -K., Pickrell W. O., Powell R., Schneider N., Balestrini S., Zagaglia S., Braatz V., Johnson M. R., Auce P., Sills G. J., Baum L. W., Sham P. C., Cherny S. S., Lui C. H. T., Barisic N., Delanty N., Doherty C. P., Shukralla A., McCormack M., El-Naggar H., Canafoglia L., Franceschetti S., Castellotti B., Granata T., Zara F., Iacomino M., Madia F., Vari M. S., Mancardi M. M., Salpietro V., Bisulli F., Tinuper P., Licchetta L., Pippucci T., Stipa C., Muccioli L., Minardi R., Gambardella A., Labate A., Annesi G., Manna L., Gagliardi M., Parrini E., Mei D., Vetro A., Bianchini C., Montomoli M., Doccini V., Marini C., Suzuki T., Inoue Y., Yamakawa K., Birute T., Ruta M., Algirdas U., Ruta P., Jurgita G., Ruta S., Sadleir L. G., King C., Mountier E., Caglayan S. H., Arslan M., Yapici Z., Yis U., Topaloglu P., Kara B., Turkdogan D., Gundogdu-Eken A., Bebek N., Ugur-Iseri S., Baykan B., Salman B., Haryanyan G., Yucesan E., Kesim Y., Ozkara C., Sheidley B. R., Shain C., Poduri A., Buono R. J., Ferraro T. N., Sperling M. R., Lo W., Privitera M., French J. A., Schachter S., Kuzniecky R. I., Devinsky O., Hegde M., Khankhanian P., Helbig K. L., Ellis C. A., Spalletta G., Piras F., Gili T., Ciullo V., Leu C., Stevelink R., Smith A.W., Goleva S.B., Kanai M., Ferguson L., Campbell C., Kamatani Y., Okada Y., Sisodiya S.M., Cavalleri G.L., Koeleman B.P.C., Lerche H., Jehi L., Davis L.K., Najm I.M., Palotie A., Daly M.J., Busch R.M., Lal D., Feng Y.-C.A., Howrigan D.P., Abbott L.E., Tashman K., Cerrato F., Churchhouse C., Gupta N., Neale B.M., Berkovic S.F., Goldstein D.B., Lowenstein D.H., Cossette P., Cotsapas C., De Jonghe P., Dixon-Salazar T., Guerrini R., Hakonarson H., Heinzen E.L., Helbig I., Kwan P., Marson A.G., Petrovski S., Kamalakaran S., Stewart R., Weckhuysen S., Depondt C., Dlugos D.J., Scheffer I.E., Striano P., Freyer C., Krause R., May P., McKenna K., Regan B.M., Bellows S.T., Bennett C.A., Johns E.M.C., Macdonald A., Shilling H., Burgess R., Weckhuysen D., Bahlo M., O'Brien T.J., Todaro M., Stamberger H., Andrade D.M., Sadoway T.R., Mo K., Krestel H., Gallati S., Papacostas S.S., Kousiappa I., Tanteles G.A., Sterbova K., Vlckova M., Sedlackova L., Lassuthova P., Klein K.M., Rosenow F., Reif P.S., Knake S., Kunz W.S., Zsurka G., Elger C.E., Bauer J., Rademacher M., Pendziwiat M., Muhle H., Rademacher A., Van Baalen A., Von Spiczak S., Stephani U., Afawi Z., Korczyn A.D., Kanaan M., Canavati C., Kurlemann G., Muller-Schluter K., Kluger G., Hausler M., Blatt I., Lemke J.R., Krey I., Weber Y.G., Wolking S., Becker F., Hengsbach C., Rau S., Maisch A.F., Steinhoff B.J., Schulze-Bonhage A., Schubert-Bast S., Schreiber H., Borggrafe I., Schankin C.J., Mayer T., Korinthenberg R., Brockmann K., Dennig D., Madeleyn R., Kalviainen R., Auvinen P., Saarela A., Linnankivi T., Lehesjoki A.-E., Rees M.I., Chung S.-K., Pickrell W.O., Powell R., Schneider N., Balestrini S., Zagaglia S., Braatz V., Johnson M.R., Auce P., Sills G.J., Baum L.W., Sham P.C., Cherny S.S., Lui C.H.T., Barisic N., Delanty N., Doherty C.P., Shukralla A., McCormack M., El-Naggar H., Canafoglia L., Franceschetti S., Castellotti B., Granata T., Zara F., Iacomino M., Madia F., Vari M.S., Mancardi M.M., Salpietro V., Bisulli F., Tinuper P., Licchetta L., Pippucci T., Stipa C., Muccioli L., Minardi R., Gambardella A., Labate A., Annesi G., Manna L., Gagliardi M., Parrini E., Mei D., Vetro A., Bianchini C., Montomoli M., Doccini V., Marini C., Suzuki T., Inoue Y., Yamakawa K., Birute T., Ruta M., Algirdas U., Ruta P., Jurgita G., Ruta S., Sadleir L.G., King C., Mountier E., Caglayan S.H., Arslan M., Yapici Z., Yis U., Topaloglu P., Kara B., Turkdogan D., Gundogdu-Eken A., Bebek N., Ugur-Iseri S., Baykan B., Salman B., Haryanyan G., Yucesan E., Kesim Y., Ozkara C., Sheidley B.R., Shain C., Poduri A., Buono R.J., Ferraro T.N., Sperling M.R., Lo W., Privitera M., French J.A., Schachter S., Kuzniecky R.I., Devinsky O., Hegde M., Khankhanian P., Helbig K.L., Ellis C.A., Spalletta G., Piras F., Gili T., Ciullo V., Commission of the European Communities, Medical Research Council (MRC), Tumienė, Birutė, Mameniškienė, Rūta, Utkus, Algirdas, Praninskienė, Rūta, Grikinienė, Jurgita, Samaitienė-Aleknienė, Rūta, Centre of Excellence in Complex Disease Genetics, Aarno Palotie / Principal Investigator, Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland, Genomics of Neurological and Neuropsychiatric Disorders, University of Helsinki, Helsinki Institute of Life Science HiLIFE, and Department of Medical and Clinical Genetics
Subjects: 0301 basic medicine, Male, Multifactorial Inheritance, Epi25 Consortium, Databases, Factual, FEATURES, Genome-wide association study, Epilepsies, 3124 Neurology and psychiatry, Cohort Studies, Epilepsy, 0302 clinical medicine, Cost of Illness, 1ST SEIZURE, HISTORY, genetics, POPULATION, 11 Medical and Health Sciences, education.field_of_study, medicine.diagnostic_test, SCORES, Single Nucleotide, Biobank, 3. Good health, 17 Psychology and Cognitive Sciences, Genetic generalized epilepsy, Epilepsy, Generalized, Female, Partial, Cohort study, Human, medicine.medical_specialty, Population, European Continental Ancestry Group, Clinical Neurology, BIOBANK, Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide, epilepsy, genetic generalized epilepsy, common variant risk, Databases, 03 medical and health sciences, Genetic, Internal medicine, medicine, Journal Article, Genetics, Humans, Genetic Predisposition to Disease, Polymorphism, GENOME-WIDE ASSOCIATION, Generalized epilepsy, education, SEIZURE RECURRENCE, Factual, METAANALYSIS, Genetic testing, Neurology & Neurosurgery, RISK PREDICTION, Generalized, business.industry, 3112 Neurosciences, Common variant risk, Genetic Variation, Original Articles, medicine.disease, Comorbidity, Cost of Illne, Epilepsies, Partial, Genome-Wide Association Study, 030104 developmental biology, Neurology (clinical), Cohort Studie, business, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery
Abstract: See Hansen and Møller (doi:10.1093/brain/awz318) for a scientific commentary on this article. Using polygenic risk scores from a genome-wide association study in generalized and focal epilepsy, Leu et al. reveal a significantly higher genetic burden for epilepsy in multiple cohorts of people with epilepsy compared to population controls. Quantification of common variant burden may be valuable for epilepsy prognosis and treatment., Rare genetic variants can cause epilepsy, and genetic testing has been widely adopted for severe, paediatric-onset epilepsies. The phenotypic consequences of common genetic risk burden for epilepsies and their potential future clinical applications have not yet been determined. Using polygenic risk scores (PRS) from a European-ancestry genome-wide association study in generalized and focal epilepsy, we quantified common genetic burden in patients with generalized epilepsy (GE-PRS) or focal epilepsy (FE-PRS) from two independent non-Finnish European cohorts (Epi25 Consortium, n = 5705; Cleveland Clinic Epilepsy Center, n = 620; both compared to 20 435 controls). One Finnish-ancestry population isolate (Finnish-ancestry Epi25, n = 449; compared to 1559 controls), two European-ancestry biobanks (UK Biobank, n = 383 656; Vanderbilt biorepository, n = 49 494), and one Japanese-ancestry biobank (BioBank Japan, n = 168 680) were used for additional replications. Across 8386 patients with epilepsy and 622 212 population controls, we found and replicated significantly higher GE-PRS in patients with generalized epilepsy of European-ancestry compared to patients with focal epilepsy (Epi25: P = 1.64×10−15; Cleveland: P = 2.85×10−4; Finnish-ancestry Epi25: P = 1.80×10−4) or population controls (Epi25: P = 2.35×10−70; Cleveland: P = 1.43×10−7; Finnish-ancestry Epi25: P = 3.11×10−4; UK Biobank and Vanderbilt biorepository meta-analysis: P = 7.99×10−4). FE-PRS were significantly higher in patients with focal epilepsy compared to controls in the non-Finnish, non-biobank cohorts (Epi25: P = 5.74×10−19; Cleveland: P = 1.69×10−6). European ancestry-derived PRS did not predict generalized epilepsy or focal epilepsy in Japanese-ancestry individuals. Finally, we observed a significant 4.6-fold and a 4.5-fold enrichment of patients with generalized epilepsy compared to controls in the top 0.5% highest GE-PRS of the two non-Finnish European cohorts (Epi25: P = 2.60×10−15; Cleveland: P = 1.39×10−2). We conclude that common variant risk associated with epilepsy is significantly enriched in multiple cohorts of patients with epilepsy compared to controls—in particular for generalized epilepsy. As sample sizes and PRS accuracy continue to increase with further common variant discovery, PRS could complement established clinical biomarkers and augment genetic testing for patient classification, comorbidity research, and potentially targeted treatment.
Published: 2019

4. NATURAL PROGNOSIS OF EEG ABNORMALITIES AND INTELLECTUAL FUNCTIONS IN CHILDREN WITH ADHD AND/OR LD: p553

Author: Turkdogan, D. and Zaimoglu, S.
Published: 2012

5. Evaluation of vestibular functions in children with vertigo attacks

Author: Uneri, A and Turkdogan, D
Published: 2003

6. Abstract P-530

Author: Uyar, E., primary, Ozturk, N. Yalindag, additional, Baltacioglu, F., additional, Asadov, R., additional, and Turkdogan, D., additional
Published: 2018
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7. Exon-disrupting deletions ofNRXN1in idiopathic generalized epilepsy

Author: Møller, R.S., Weber, Y.G., Klitten, L.L., Trucks, H., Muhle, H., Kunz, W.S., Mefford, H.C., Franke, A., Kautza, M., Wolf, P., Dennig, D., Schreiber, S., Rückert, I.M., Wichmann, H.E., Ernst, J.P., Schurmann, C., Grabe, H.J., Tommerup, N., Stephani, U., Lerche, H., Hjalgrim, H., Helbig, I., Sander, T., Zimprich, F., Mörzinger, M., Feucht, M., Suls, A., Weckhuysen, S., Claes, L., Deprez, L., Smets, K., Van Dyck, T., Deconinck, T., De Jonghe, P., Velizarova, R., Dimova, P., Radionova, M., Tournev, I., Kancheva, D., Kaneva, R., Jordanova, A., Kjelgaard, D.B., Lehesjoki, A.E., Siren, A., Baulac, S., Leguern, E., Von Spiczak, S., Ostertag, P., Leber, M., Leu, C., Toliat, M.R., Nürnberg, P., Hempelmann, A., Rüschendorf, F., Elger, C.E., Kleefuß Lie, A.A., Surges, R., Gaus, V., Janz, D., Schmitz, B., Klein, K.M., Reif, P.S., Oertel, W.H., Hamer, H.M., Rosenow, F., Becker, F., Marini, C., Guerrini, R., Mei, D., Norci, V., Zara, F., Striano, P., Robbiano, A., Pezzella, M., Bianchi, A., Gambardella, A., Tinuper, P., La Neve, A., Capovilla, G., Vigliano, P., Crichiutti, G., Vanadia, F., Vignoli, A., Coppola, A., Striano, S., Giallonardo, M.T., Franceschetti, S., Belcastro, V., Benna, P., Coppola, G., De Palo, A., Ferlazzo, E., Vecchi, M., Martinelli, V., Bisulli, F., Beccaria, F., Del Giudice, E., Mancardi, M., Stranci, G., Scabar, A., Gobbi, G., Giordano, I., Koeleman, B.P.C., De Kovel, C., Lindhout, D., De Haan, G.J., Ozbeck, U., Bebek, N., Baykan, B., Ozdemir, O., Ugur, S., Kocasoy Orhan, E., Yücesan, E., Cine, N., Gokyigit, A., Gurses, C., Gul, G., Yapici, Z., Ozkara, C., Caglayan, H., Yalcin, O., Yalcin, D., Turkdogan, D., Dizdarer, G., Agan, K., R. S. Møller, Y. G. Weber, L. L. Klitten, H. Truck, H. Muhle, W. S. Kunz, H. C. Mefford, A. Franke, M. Kautza, P. Wolf, D. Dennig, S. Schreiber, I. Rückert, H. Wichmann, J. P. Ernst, C. Schurmann, H. J. Grabe, N. Tommerup, U. Stephani, H. Lerche, H. Hjalgrim, I. Helbig, T. Sander, P. Tinuper, F. Bisulli, EPICURE Consortium, Suls, Arvid, Weckhuysen, Sarah, Claes, Godelieve, Deprez, Liesbet, Smets, Katrien, Van Dyck, Tine, Deconinck, Tine, De Jonghe, Peter, Jordanova, Albena, Møller, R, Weber, Yg, Klitten, Ll, Trucks, H, Muhle, H, Kunz, W, Mefford, Hc, Franke, A, Kautza, M, Wolf, P, Dennig, D, Schreiber, S, Rückert, Im, Wichmann, He, Ernst, Jp, Schurmann, C, Grabe, Hj, Tommerup, N, Stephani, U, Lerche, H, Hjalgrim, H, Helbig, I, Sander, T, Epicure, Consortium, DEL GIUDICE, Ennio, Coppola, Antonietta, and YÜCESAN, EMRAH
Subjects: Male, Idiopathic generalized epilepsy, Neuronal, Idiopathic Generalized Epilepsy, 1q21, 1 Microdeletion, Two-hit Hypothesis, Nrxn1, Neuropsychological Tests, Immunoglobulin E, Cell Adhesion Molecules, Neuronal/genetics, Adult, Age of Onset, Anticonvulsant, Exon, 1q21.1 microdeletion, Exons/genetics, Odds Ratio, Nerve Tissue Proteins/genetics, Copy-number variation, Valproic Acid/therapeutic use, Age of Onset, Neural Cell Adhesion Molecules, genetics, DNA Copy Number Variations, Electroencephalography, Epilepsy, Genetics, biology, Triazines, Anticonvulsants/therapeutic use, Electroencephalography, genetics, Family, Female, Fructose, Exons, Middle Aged, Settore MED/39 - Neuropsichiatria Infantile, Pedigree, therapeutic use, Valproic Acid, Neurology, Settore MED/26 - Neurologia, Anticonvulsants, Epilepsy, Generalized, Female, Adult, Case-Control Studies, Cell Adhesion Molecules, Neuronal, DNA Copy Number Variations, Family, Fructose, Gene Deletion, Genotype, Humans, Infant, Microarray Analysis, Nerve Tissue Proteins, Valproic Acid, analogs /&/ derivatives/therapeutic use, Gene Deletion, Genotype, Humans, Infant, Male, Microarray Analysis, Middle Aged, Nerve Tissue Protein, therapeutic use, Case-Control Studies, Cell Adhesion Molecule, drug therapy/genetics/psychology, Exon, genetics, Neuropsychological Tests, Odds Ratio, Pedigree, Triazine, Lamotrigine, NRXN1, Topiramate, Epilepsy, Generalized/drug therapy, medicine, Allele, Biology, Gene, Generalized, Point mutation, Calcium-Binding Proteins, Odds ratio, medicine.disease, Triazines/therapeutic use, Settore MED/03 - Genetica Medica, therapeutic use, biology.protein, Fructose/analogs & derivatives, Human medicine, Neurology (clinical), Two-hit hypothesis
Abstract: Summary Purpose Neurexins are neuronal adhesion molecules located in the presynaptic terminal, where they interact with postsynaptic neuroligins to form a transsynaptic complex required for efficient neurotransmission in the brain. Recently, deletions and point mutations of the neurexin 1 (NRXN1) gene have been associated with a broad spectrum of neuropsychiatric disorders. This study aimed to investigate if NRXN1 deletions also increase the risk of idiopathic generalized epilepsies (IGEs). Methods We screened for deletions involving the NRXN1 gene in 1,569 patients with IGE and 6,201 controls using high-density oligonucleotide microarrays. Key Findings We identified exon-disrupting deletions of NRXN1 in 5 of 1,569 patients with IGE and 2 of 6,201 control individuals (p = 0.0049; odds ratio (OR) 9.91, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.92–51.12). A complex familial segregation pattern in the IGE families was observed, suggesting that heterozygous NRXN1 deletions are susceptibility variants. Intriguingly, we identified a second large copy number variant in three of five index patients, supporting an involvement of heterogeneous susceptibility alleles in the etiology of IGE. Significance We conclude that exon-disrupting deletions of NRXN1 represent a genetic risk factor in the genetically complex predisposition of common IGE syndromes.
Published: 2013

8. Erratum: Exon-disrupting deletions of NRXN1 in idiopathic generalized epilepsy (Epilepsia (2013) 54 (256-264) DOI:10.1111/epi.12517)

Author: Møller, R. S., Weber, Y. G., Klitten, L. L., Trucks, H., Muhle, H., Kunz, W. S., Mefford, H. C., Franke, A., Kautza, M., Wolf, P., Dennig, D., Schreiber, S., Rückert, I. -M., Wichmann, H. -E., Ernst, J. P., Schurmann, C., Grabe, H. J., Tommerup, N., Stephani, U., Lerche, H., Hjalgrim, H., Helbig, I., Sander, T., Zimprich, F., Mörzinger, M., Feucht, M., Suls, A., Weckhuysen, S., Claes, L., Deprez, L., Smets, K., Van Dyck, T., Deconinck, T., De Jonghe, P., Velizarova, R., Dimova, P., Radionova, M., Tournev, I., Kancheva, D., Kaneva, R., Jordanova, A., Kjelgaard, D. B., Lehesjoki, A. -E., Siren, A., Baulac, S., Leguern, E., Von Spiczak, S., Ostertag, P., Leber, M., Leu, C., Toliat, M. R., Nürnberg, P., Hempelmann, A., Rüschendorf, F., Elger, C. E., Kleefuß-Lie, A. A., Surges, R., Gaus, V., Janz, D., Schmitz, B., Klein, K. M., Reif, P. S., Oertel, W. H., Hamer, H. M., Rosenow, F., Becker, F., Marini, C., Guerrini, R., Mei, D., Norci, V., Zara, F., Striano, P., Robbiano, A., Pezzella, M., Bianchi, A., Gambardella, A., Tinuper, P., La Neve, A., Capovilla, G., Vigliano, P., Crichiutti, G., Vanadia, F., Vignoli, A., Coppola, A., Striano, S., Giallonardo, M. T., Franceschetti, S., Belcastro, V., Benna, P., Coppola, G., De Palo, A., Ferlazzo, E., Vecchi, M., Martinelli, V., Bisulli, F., Beccaria, F., Del Giudice, E., Mancardi, M., Stranci, G., Scabar, A., Gobbi, G., Giordano, I., Koeleman, B. P. C., De Kovel, C., Lindhout, D., De Haan, G. -J., Ozbeck, U., Bebek, N., Baykan, B., Ozdemir, O., Ugur, S., Kocasoy-Orhan, E., Yücesan, E., Cine, N., Gokyigit, A., Gurses, C., Gul, G., Yapici, Z., Ozkara, C., Caglayan, H., Yalcin, O., Yalcin, D., Turkdogan, D., Dizdarer, G., Agan, K., Møller, R. S., Weber, Y. G., Klitten, L. L., Trucks, H., Muhle, H., Kunz, W. S., Mefford, H. C., Franke, A., Kautza, M., Wolf, P., Dennig, D., Schreiber, S., Rückert, I. -M., Wichmann, H. -E., Ernst, J. P., Schurmann, C., Grabe, H. J., Tommerup, N., Stephani, U., Lerche, H., Hjalgrim, H., Helbig, I., Sander, T., Zimprich, F., Mörzinger, M., Feucht, M., Suls, A., Weckhuysen, S., Claes, L., Deprez, L., Smets, K., Van Dyck, T., Deconinck, T., De Jonghe, P., Velizarova, R., Dimova, P., Radionova, M., Tournev, I., Kancheva, D., Kaneva, R., Jordanova, A., Kjelgaard, D. B., Lehesjoki, A. -E., Siren, A., Baulac, S., Leguern, E., Von Spiczak, S., Ostertag, P., Leber, M., Leu, C., Toliat, M. R., Nürnberg, P., Hempelmann, A., Rüschendorf, F., Elger, C. E., Kleefuß-Lie, A. A., Surges, R., Gaus, V., Janz, D., Schmitz, B., Klein, K. M., Reif, P. S., Oertel, W. H., Hamer, H. M., Rosenow, F., Becker, F., Marini, C., Guerrini, R., Mei, D., Norci, V., Zara, F., Striano, P., Robbiano, A., Pezzella, M., Bianchi, A., Gambardella, A., Tinuper, P., La Neve, A., Capovilla, G., Vigliano, P., Crichiutti, G., Vanadia, F., Vignoli, A., Coppola, A., Striano, S., Giallonardo, M. T., Franceschetti, S., Belcastro, V., Benna, P., Coppola, G., De Palo, A., Ferlazzo, E., Vecchi, M., Martinelli, V., Bisulli, F., Beccaria, F., Del Giudice, E., Mancardi, M., Stranci, G., Scabar, A., Gobbi, G., Giordano, I., Koeleman, B. P. C., De Kovel, C., Lindhout, D., De Haan, G. -J., Ozbeck, U., Bebek, N., Baykan, B., Ozdemir, O., Ugur, S., Kocasoy-Orhan, E., Yücesan, E., Cine, N., Gokyigit, A., Gurses, C., Gul, G., Yapici, Z., Ozkara, C., Caglayan, H., Yalcin, O., Yalcin, D., Turkdogan, D., Dizdarer, G., and Agan, K.
Published: 2013

9. Genome-wide linkage meta-analysis identifies susceptibility loci at 2q34 and 13q31.3 for genetic generalized epilepsies

Author: EPICURE Consortium, Leu C., de Kovel C. G., Zara F., Striano P., Pezzella M., Robbiano A., Bianchi A., Coppola A., Giallonardo A. T., Beccaria F., Trenité D. K., Lindhout D., Gaus V., Schmitz B., Janz D., Weber Y. G., Becker F., Lerche H., Kleefuss Lie A. A., Hallman K., Kunz W. S., Elger C. E., Muhle H., Stephani U., Møller R. S., Hjalgrim H., Mullen S., Scheffer I. E., Berkovic S. F., Everett K. V., Gardiner M. R., Marini C., Guerrini R., Lehesjoki A. E., Siren A., Nabbout R., Baulac S., Leguern E., Serratosa J. M., Rosenow F., Feucht M., Unterberger I., Covanis A., Suls A., Weckhuysen S., Kaneva R., Caglayan H., Turkdogan D., Baykan B., Bebek N., Ozbek U., Hempelmann A., Schulz H., Rüschendorf F., Trucks H., Nürnberg P., Avanzini G., Koeleman B. P., Sander T., BISULLI, FRANCESCA, TINUPER, PAOLO, YÜCESAN, EMRAH, EPICURE Consortium, Leu C., de Kovel C.G., Zara F., Striano P., Pezzella M., Robbiano A., Bianchi A., Bisulli F., Coppola A., Giallonardo A.T., Beccaria F., Trenité D.K., Lindhout D., Gaus V., Schmitz B., Janz D., Weber Y.G., Becker F., Lerche H., Kleefuss-Lie A.A., Hallman K., Kunz W.S., Elger C.E., Muhle H., Stephani U., Møller R.S., Hjalgrim H., Mullen S., Scheffer I.E., Berkovic S.F., Everett K.V., Gardiner M.R., Marini C., Guerrini R., Lehesjoki A.E., Siren A., Nabbout R., Baulac S., Leguern E., Serratosa J.M., Rosenow F., Feucht M., Unterberger I., Covanis A., Suls A., Weckhuysen S., Kaneva R., Caglayan H., Turkdogan D., Baykan B., Bebek N., Ozbek U., Hempelmann A., Schulz H., Rüschendorf F., Trucks H., Nürnberg P., Avanzini G., Koeleman B.P., Sander T., and Tinuper P.
Subjects: Male, Chromosomes, Human, Pair 13, Genotype, Genetic Linkage, Chromosome Mapping, complex inheritance, Pedigree, genetic generalized epilepsy, myoclonic seizure, Phenotype, Genetic Loci, Chromosomes, Human, Pair 2, Humans, Epilepsy, Generalized, Family, Female, Genetic Predisposition to Disease, linkage analysis, absence seizure, Genome-Wide Association Study
Abstract: PURPOSE: Genetic generalized epilepsies (GGEs) have a lifetime prevalence of 0.3% with heritability estimates of 80%. A considerable proportion of families with siblings affected by GGEs presumably display an oligogenic inheritance. The present genome-wide linkage meta-analysis aimed to map: (1) susceptibility loci shared by a broad spectrum of GGEs, and (2) seizure type-related genetic factors preferentially predisposing to either typical absence or myoclonic seizures, respectively. METHODS: Meta-analysis of three genome-wide linkage datasets was carried out in 379 GGE-multiplex families of European ancestry including 982 relatives with GGEs. To dissect out seizure type-related susceptibility genes, two family subgroups were stratified comprising 235 families with predominantly genetic absence epilepsies (GAEs) and 118 families with an aggregation of juvenile myoclonic epilepsy (JME). To map shared and seizure type-related susceptibility loci, both nonparametric loci (NPL) and parametric linkage analyses were performed for a broad trait model (GGEs) in the entire set of GGE-multiplex families and a narrow trait model (typical absence or myoclonic seizures) in the subgroups of JME and GAE families. KEY FINDINGS: For the entire set of 379 GGE-multiplex families, linkage analysis revealed six loci achieving suggestive evidence for linkage at 1p36.22, 3p14.2, 5q34, 13q12.12, 13q31.3, and 19q13.42. The linkage finding at 5q34 was consistently supported by both NPL and parametric linkage results across all three family groups. A genome-wide significant nonparametric logarithm of odds score of 3.43 was obtained at 2q34 in 118 JME families. Significant parametric linkage to 13q31.3 was found in 235 GAE families assuming recessive inheritance (heterogeneity logarithm of odds = 5.02). SIGNIFICANCE: Our linkage results support an oligogenic predisposition of familial GGE syndromes. The genetic risk factor at 5q34 confers risk to a broad spectrum of familial GGE syndromes, whereas susceptibility loci at 2q34 and 13q31.3 preferentially predispose to myoclonic seizures or absence seizures, respectively. Phenotype- genotype strategies applying narrow trait definitions in phenotypic homogeneous subgroups of families improve the prospects of disentangling the genetic basis of common familial GGE syndromes.
Published: 2012

10. Genome-wide linkage meta-analysis identifies susceptibility loci at 2q34 and 13q31.3 for genetic generalized epilepsies

Author: Leu C, de Kovel CG, Zara F, Striano P, Pezzella M, Robbiano A, Bianchi A, Bisulli F, Coppola A, Giallonardo AT, Beccaria F, Trenité DK, Lindhout D, Gaus V, Schmitz B, Janz D, Weber YG, Becker F, Lerche H, Kleefuss Lie AA, Hallman K, Kunz WS, Elger CE, Muhle H, Stephani U, Møller RS, Hjalgrim H, Mullen S, Scheffer IE, Berkovic SF, Everett KV, Gardiner MR, Marini C, Guerrini R, Lehesjoki AE, Siren A, Nabbout R, Baulac S, Leguern E, Serratosa JM, Rosenow F, Feucht M, Unterberger I, Covanis A, Suls A, Weckhuysen S, Kaneva R, Caglayan H, Turkdogan D, Baykan B, Bebek N, Ozbek U, Hempelmann A, Schulz H, Rüschendorf F, Trucks H, Nürnberg P, Avanzini G, Koeleman BP, Sander T, EPICURE Consortium, COPPOLA, ANTONIETTA, DEL GIUDICE, ENNIO, Leu, C, de Kovel, Cg, Zara, F, Striano, P, Pezzella, M, Robbiano, A, Bianchi, A, Bisulli, F, Coppola, A, Giallonardo, At, Beccaria, F, Trenité, Dk, Lindhout, D, Gaus, V, Schmitz, B, Janz, D, Weber, Yg, Becker, F, Lerche, H, Kleefuss Lie, Aa, Hallman, K, Kunz, W, Elger, Ce, Muhle, H, Stephani, U, Møller, R, Hjalgrim, H, Mullen, S, Scheffer, Ie, Berkovic, Sf, Everett, Kv, Gardiner, Mr, Marini, C, Guerrini, R, Lehesjoki, Ae, Siren, A, Nabbout, R, Baulac, S, Leguern, E, Serratosa, Jm, Rosenow, F, Feucht, M, Unterberger, I, Covanis, A, Suls, A, Weckhuysen, S, Kaneva, R, Caglayan, H, Turkdogan, D, Baykan, B, Bebek, N, Ozbek, U, Hempelmann, A, Schulz, H, Rüschendorf, F, Trucks, H, Nürnberg, P, Avanzini, G, Koeleman, Bp, Sander, T, Epicure, Consortium, DEL GIUDICE, Ennio, and Coppola, Antonietta
Published: 2012

11. Genome-wide association analysis of genetic generalized epilepsies implicates susceptibility loci at 1q43, 2p16.1,2q22.3 and 17q21.32

Author: Steffens, M., Leu, C., Ruppert, A., Zara, F., Striano, P., Robbiano, A., Capovilla, G., Tinuper, P., Gambardella, A., Bianchi, A., La neve, A., Crichiutti, G., de kovel, C. G., Trenité, D. K. -N., de haan, G., Lindhout, D., Gaus, V., Schmitz, B., Janz, D., Weber, Y. G., Becker, F., Lerche, H., Steinhoff, B. J., Kleefuß-Lie, A. A., Kunz, W. S., Surges, R., Elger, C. E., Muhle, H., Von spiczak, S., Ostertag, P., Helbig, I., Stephani, U., Møller, R. S., Hjalgrim, H., Dibbens, L. M., Bellows, S., Oliver, K., Mullen, S., Scheffer, I. E., Berkovic, S. F., Everett, K. V., Gardiner, M. R., Marini, Chiara, Guerrini, R., Lehesjoki, A., Siren, A., Guipponi, M., Malafosse, A., Thomas, P., Nabbout, R., Baulac, S., Leguern, E., Guerrero, R., Serratosa, J. M., Reif, P. S., Rosenow, F., Mörzinger, M., Feucht, M., Zimprich, F., Kapser, C., Schankin, C. J., Suls, A., Smets, K., De jonghe, P., Jordanova, A., Caglayan, H., Yapici, Z., Yalcin, D. A., Baykan, B., Bebek, N., Ozbek, U., Gieger, C., Wichmann, H., Balschun, T., Ellinghaus, D., Franke, A., Meesters, C., Becker, T., Wienker, T. F., Hempelmann, A., Schulz, H., Rüschendorf, F., Leber, M., Pauck, S. M., Trucks, H., Toliat, M. R., Nürnberg, P., Avanzini, G., Koeleman, B. P., Sander, T., Weckhuysen, S., Claes, L., Deprez, L., Van Dyck, T., Deconinck, T., De Jonghe, P., Velizarova, R., Dimova, P., Radionova, M., Tournev, I., Kancheva, D., Kaneva, R., Lehesjoki, A. -E., von Spiczak, S., Martin Klein, K., Oertel, W. H., Hamer, H. M., Marini, C., Mei, D., Norci, V., Pezzella, M., La Neve, A., Vigliano, P., Vanadia, F., Vignoli, A., Coppola, A., Striano, S., Egeo, G., Teresa Giallonardo, M., Franceschetti, S., Belcastro, V., Benna, P., Coppola, G., De Palo, A., Ferlazzo, E., Vecchi, M., Martinelli, V., Bisulli, F., Beccaria, F., Del Giudice, E., Mancardi, M., Stranci, G., Scabar, A., Gobbi, G., Giordano, I., de Haan, G. -J., Giraldez, B. G., Ozbeck, U., Ozdemir, O., Ugur, S., Kocasoy-Orhan, E., Yücesan, E., Cine, N., Gokyigit, A., Gurses, C., Gul, G., Ozkara, C., Yalcin, O., Turkdogan, D., Dizdarer, G., Agan, K., Steffens, Michael, Leu, Costin, Ruppert, Ann-Kathrin, Zara, Frederico, Dibbens, Leanne Michelle, Sander, Thomas, EPICURE Consortium, Epicure, Consortium, DEL GIUDICE, Ennio, Steffens, M, Leu, C, Ruppert, Ak, Zara, F, Striano, P, Robbiano, A., Coppola, Antonietta, E. P. I. C. U. R. E. Consortium, E. M. I.Net Consortium, M. Steffen, C. Leu, A. Ruppert, F. Zara, P. Striano, A. Robbiano, G. Capovilla, P. Tinuper, A. Gambardella, A. Bianchi, A. L. Neve, G. Crichiutti, C. G. F, D. K. Trenité, G. d. Haan, D. Lindhout, V. Gau, B. Schmitz, D. Janz, Y. G. Weber, F. Becker, H. Lerche, B. J. Steinhoff, A. A. Kleefuß-Lie, W. S. Kunz, R. Surge, C. E. Elger, H. Muhle, S. v. Spiczak, P. Ostertag, I. Helbig, U. Stephani, R. S. Møller, H. Hjalgrim, L. M. Dibben, S. Bellow, K. Oliver, S. Mullen, I. E. Scheffer, S. F. Berkovic, K. V. Everett, M. R. Gardiner, C. Marini, R. Guerrini, A. Lehesjoki, A. Siren, M. Guipponi, A. Malafosse, P. Thoma, R. Nabbout, S. Baulac, E. Leguern, R. Guerrero, J. M. Serratosa, P. S. Reif, F. Rosenow, M. Mörzinger, M. Feucht, F. Zimprich, C. Kapser, C. J. Schankin, A. Sul, K. Smet, P. D. Jonghe, A. Jordanova, H. Caglayan, Z. Yapici, D. A. Yalcin, B. Baykan, N. Bebek, U. Ozbek, C. Gieger, H. Wichmann, T. Balschun, D. Ellinghau, A. Franke, C. Meester, T. Becker, T. F. Wienker, A. Hempelmann, H. Schulz, F. Rüschendorf, M. Leber, S. M. Pauck, H. Truck, M. R. Toliat, P. Nürnberg, G. Avanzini, B. P. C, and T. Sander
Subjects: Candidate gene, Juvenile, Genome-wide association study, Alleles, Epilepsy, ZEB2 protein, human, VRK2 protein, human, 0302 clinical medicine, genetics [Genetic Predisposition to Disease], genetics, Humans, Myoclonic Epilepsy, genetics [Epilepsy, Generalized], SCN1A protein, human, Genetics (clinical), Genetics, 0303 health sciences, genetics [Epilepsy, Absence], Myoclonic Epilepsy, Juvenile, genetics, Genetic Predisposition to Disease, General Medicine, Protein-Serine-Threonine Kinases, 3. Good health, Chemistry, Absence, genetics, Epilepsy, genetics [Myoclonic Epilepsy, Juvenile], Epilepsy, Generalized, genetics [Receptor, Muscarinic M3], genetics, NAV1.1 Voltage-Gated Sodium Channel, genetics [Homeodomain Proteins], Single-nucleotide polymorphism, genetics [NAV1.1 Voltage-Gated Sodium Channel], Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases, Biology, genetics [Protein-Serine-Threonine Kinases], 03 medical and health sciences, ddc:570, Genetic variation, medicine, Humans, Genetic Predisposition to Disease, genetics, Repressor Protein, Allele, Molecular Biology, Alleles, Zinc Finger E-box Binding Homeobox 2, 030304 developmental biology, Homeodomain Proteins, Receptor, Muscarinic M3, genetics, Protein-Serine-Threonine Kinase, genetics, Receptor, Generalized, genetics, Genome-Wide Association Study, Homeodomain Protein, Heritability, medicine.disease, NAV1.1 Voltage-Gated Sodium Channel, Repressor Proteins, genetics [Repressor Proteins], Muscarinic M3, Epilepsy, Absence, Myoclonic epilepsy, Human medicine, Juvenile myoclonic epilepsy, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery, Genome-Wide Association Study
Abstract: Genetic generalized epilepsies (GGEs) have a lifetime prevalence of 0.3\% and account for 20-30\% of all epilepsies. Despite their high heritability of 80\%, the genetic factors predisposing to GGEs remain elusive. To identify susceptibility variants shared across common GGE syndromes, we carried out a two-stage genome-wide association study (GWAS) including 3020 patients with GGEs and 3954 controls of European ancestry. To dissect out syndrome-related variants, we also explored two distinct GGE subgroups comprising 1434 patients with genetic absence epilepsies (GAEs) and 1134 patients with juvenile myoclonic epilepsy (JME). Joint Stage-1 and 2 analyses revealed genome-wide significant associations for GGEs at 2p16.1 (rs13026414, P(meta) = 2.5 × 10(-9), OR[T] = 0.81) and 17q21.32 (rs72823592, P(meta) = 9.3 × 10(-9), OR[A] = 0.77). The search for syndrome-related susceptibility alleles identified significant associations for GAEs at 2q22.3 (rs10496964, P(meta) = 9.1 × 10(-9), OR[T] = 0.68) and at 1q43 for JME (rs12059546, P(meta) = 4.1 × 10(-8), OR[G] = 1.42). Suggestive evidence for an association with GGEs was found in the region 2q24.3 (rs11890028, P(meta) = 4.0 × 10(-6)) nearby the SCN1A gene, which is currently the gene with the largest number of known epilepsy-related mutations. The associated regions harbor high-ranking candidate genes: CHRM3 at 1q43, VRK2 at 2p16.1, ZEB2 at 2q22.3, SCN1A at 2q24.3 and PNPO at 17q21.32. Further replication efforts are necessary to elucidate whether these positional candidate genes contribute to the heritability of the common GGE syndromes.
Published: 2012

12. Familial and sporadic 15q13.3 microdeletions in idiopathic generalized epilepsy: precedent for disorders with complex inheritance

Author: Dibbens, Lm, Mullen, S, Helbig, I, Mefford, Hc, Bayly, Ma, Bellows, S, Leu, C, Trucks, H, Obermeier, T, Wittig, M, Franke, A, Caglayan, H, Yapici, Z, Sander, T, Eichler, Ee, Scheffer, Ie, Mulley, Jc, Berkovic, Sf, De Jonghe, P, Suls, A, Hjalgrim, H, Madsen, Jm, Møller, Rs, Lehesjoki, Ae, Siren, A, Gaus, V, Janz, D, Schmitz, B, Elger, Ce, Hallmann, K, Kleefuß-Lie, Aa, Kunz, Ws, Raabe, A, Muhle, H, Ostertag, P, von Spiczak, S, Stephani, U, Lerche, H, Weber, Yg, Striano, P, Zara, F, Marini, C, Brilstra, Eh, Kastelijn-Nolst, Trenité, Koeleman, D, Bpc, de Kovel, Cgf, Lindhout, D, Swinkels, Mem, Yalcin, O, Baykan, B, Turkdogan, D, Dizdarer, G, Ozkara, C, Lee, Y, Müller-Quernheim, J, Fölster-Holst, R, Hofmann, S, Nebel, A., Schreiber, S, Schürmann, M, Rodriguez, E, Weidinger, S, Baurecht, H, Lie, Ba, Boberg, Km, Karlsen, Th., De Jonghe, Peter, Suls, Arvid, Dibbens, Leanne M, Mullen, Saul, Helbig, Ingo, Mefford, Heather C, Bayly, Marta A, Bellows, Susannah, Leu, Costin, Trucks, Holger, Obermeier, Tanja, Wittig, Michael, Franke, Andre, Caglayan, Hande, Yapici, Zuhal, Sander, Thomas, Eichler, Evan E, Scheffer, Ingrid E, Mulley, John C, and Berkovic, Samuel F
Subjects: Male, Proband, Clinical Sciences, idiopathic generalized epilepsy, European Continental Ancestry Group, Single-nucleotide polymorphism, Pedigree chart, family studies, Biology, White People, Cohort Studies, Idiopathic generalized epilepsy, Epilepsy, single nucleotide polymorphism, genetic inheritance, Genetics, medicine, inheritance, Humans, SNP, Genetic Predisposition to Disease, Molecular Biology, Genetics (clinical), seizures, Chromosomes, Human, Pair 15, Articles, General Medicine, 5q13.3 deletions, medicine.disease, Penetrance, Pedigree, Female, Human medicine, microdeletion, Chromosome Deletion, Comparative genomic hybridization
Abstract: Microdeletion at chromosomal position 15q13.3 has been described in intellectual disability, autism spectrum disorders, schizophrenia and recently in idiopathic generalized epilepsy (IGE). Using independent IGE cohorts, we first aimed to confirm the association of 15q13.3 deletions and IGE. We then set out to determine the relative occurrence of sporadic and familial cases and to examine the likelihood of having seizures for individuals with the microdeletion in familial cases. The 15q13.3 microdeletion was identified in 7 of 539 (1.3%) unrelated cases of IGE using quantitative PCR or SNP arrays and confirmed by array comparative genomic hybridization analysis using probes specific to the 15q13.3 region. The inheritance of this lesion was tracked using family studies. Of the seven microdeletions identified in probands, three were de novo, two were transmitted from an unaffected parent and in two cases the parents were unavailable. Non-penetrance of the microdeletion was identified in 4/7 pedigrees and three pedigrees included other family members with IGE who lacked the 15q13.3 deletion. The odds ratio is 68 (95% confidence interval 29-181), indicating a pathogenic lesion predisposing to epilepsy with complex inheritance and incomplete penetrance for the IGE component of the phenotype in multiplex families. Refereed/Peer-reviewed
Published: 2009

13. A Novel splice-site mutation on the MLC1 gene leading to exon 9 skipping and megalencephalic leukoencephalopathy with subcortical cysts in a Turkish patient

Author: Türkyılmaz A, Ünver O, Ekinci G, and Türkdoğan D
Subjects: cdna sequencing, exon skipping, leuko-encephalopathy, mlc1 gene, splice-site mutation, Genetics, QH426-470
Abstract: Megalencephalic leukoencephalopathy (MLC) with subcortical cysts, also known as Van der Knaap disease (MIM #604004) is an autosomal recessive neurological disorder characterized by early onset macrocephaly, epilepsy, neurological deterioration with cerebellar ataxia and spasticity. An 8-month-old boy was admitted to our pediatric neurology clinic with macrocephaly. His brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) revealed bilateral, diffuse, symmetric structural white matter abnormalities, relatively sparing the cerebellum and bilateral subcortical temporal cysts. The diagnosis of Van der Knaap disease was suspected based on the clinical features and imaging findings and the genetic analysis revealed a novel homozygous c.768+2T>C mutation of the MLC1 gene. For determination of the novel splice-site mutation’s effect, cDNA amplification was performed. cDNA analysis showed that the splice-site c.768+2T>C mutation gave rise to exon 9 skipping.
Published: 2019
Full Text: View/download PDF

14. Two de novo mutations in the Na,K-ATPase gene ATP1A2 associated with pure familial hemiplegic migraine.

Author: Vanmolkot, K.R., Kors, E.E., Turk, U., Turkdogan, D., Keyser, A.J.M., Broos, L.A., Kia, S.K., Heuvel, J.J.M.W. van den, Black, D.F., Haan, J.H.A. de, Vanmolkot, K.R., Kors, E.E., Turk, U., Turkdogan, D., Keyser, A.J.M., Broos, L.A., Kia, S.K., Heuvel, J.J.M.W. van den, Black, D.F., and Haan, J.H.A. de
Abstract: Contains fulltext : 51118.pdf (publisher's version ) (Closed access)
Published: 2006

15. P24.6 The effects of epileptiform abnormalities on cognitive and behavioral profile in developmental attention deficit/learning disorder

Author: Turkdogan, D., primary and Zaimoglu, S., additional
Published: 2011
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16. P046 When EEG is indicated in developmental attention and learning disorders?

Author: Zaimoglu, S., primary and Turkdogan, D., additional
Published: 2009
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17. Subdural EEG patterns in children with taylor-type cortical dysplasia: comparison with nondysplastic lesions.

Author: Turkdogan D, Duchowny M, Resnick T, Jayakar P, Turkdogan, Dilsad, Duchowny, Michael, Resnick, Trevor, and Jayakar, Prasanna
Published: 2005
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18. Clinical report of a patient with de novo trisomy 12q23.1q24.33

Author: Geckinli, B. B., Aydin, H., Ali Karaman, Delil, K., Simsek, H., Gokmeydan, E., and Turkdogan, D.
Subjects: body regions, musculoskeletal diseases, congenital, hereditary, and neonatal diseases and abnormalities
Abstract: Clinical report of a patient with de novo trisomy 12q23.1q24.33: We report a patient with a rare de novo duplication of 12q23.1-12q24.33 region with a 32.7 Mb gain, having similar features seen in previously reported isolated cases of duplications of the 12q23q24 region, such as growth retardation, neuromotor retardation, corpus callosum agenesis, dysmorphic features such as, hypertelorism, epicanthus, flat nasal bridge, low-set small ears, down-turned corners of the mouth, micrognathia, cryptorchidism and limb anomalies such as pes plano valgus, prominent heels and overriding toes. Our patient has Noonan-like features, such as short stature, short neck, epicanthal folds, ptosis of eyelids, hypertelorism, pectus excavatum, widely spaced nipples and cryptorchidism. Duplication of PTPN11 gene has been postulated as a mechanism for the Noonan syndrome. Phenotypic features and the genes involved in this region are important to further delineate the 12q23q24 phenotype.

19. A Novel Splice-site Mutation on the MLC1 Gene Leading to Exon 9 Skipping and Megalencephalic Leukoencephalopathy with Subcortical Cysts in a Turkish Patient

Author: Ayberk Türkyılmaz, Olcay Ünver, Gazenfer Ekinci, Dilsad Turkdogan, Turkyilmaz, A., Unver, O., Ekinci, G., and Turkdogan, D.
Subjects: Pathology, medicine.medical_specialty, Megalencephalic leukoencephalopathy with subcortical cysts, Splice site mutation, Cerebellar ataxia, cDNA sequencing, business.industry, Macrocephaly, Case Report, Neurological disorder, QH426-470, MLC1 gene, medicine.disease, Exon skipping, Leukoencephalopathy, Exon, Leuko-encephalopathy, medicine, Genetics, medicine.symptom, business, Splice-site mutation, Genetics (clinical)
Abstract: Megalencephalic leukoencephalopathy (MLC) with subcortical cysts, also known as Van der Knaap disease (MIM #604004) is an autosomal recessive neurological disorder characterized by early onset macrocephaly, epilepsy, neurological deterioration with cerebellar ataxia and spasticity. An 8-month-old boy was admitted to our pediatric neurology clinic with macrocephaly. His brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) revealed bilateral, diffuse, symmetric structural white matter abnormalities, relatively sparing the cerebellum and bilateral subcortical temporal cysts. The diagnosis of Van der Knaap disease was suspected based on the clinical features and imaging findings and the genetic analysis revealed a novel homozygous c.768+2T>C mutation of the MLC1 gene. For determination of the novel splice-site mutation’s effect, cDNA amplification was performed. cDNA analysis showed that the splice-site c.768+2T>C mutation gave rise to exon 9 skipping.
Published: 2019

20. Sub-genic intolerance, ClinVar, and the epilepsies: A whole-exome sequencing study of 29,165 individuals

Author: Joshua E. Motelow, Gundula Povysil, Ryan S. Dhindsa, Kate E. Stanley, Andrew S. Al- len, Yen-Chen Anne Feng, Daniel P. Howrigan, Liam E. Abbott, Ka- therine Tashman, Felecia Cerrato, Caroline Cusick, Tarjinder Singh, Henrike Heyne, Andrea E. Byrnes, Claire Churchhouse, Nick Watts, Matthew Solomonson, Dennis Lal, Namrata Gupta, Benjamin M. Neale, Gianpiero L. Cavalleri, Patrick Cossette, Chris Cotsapas, Peter De Jonghe, Tracy Dixon-Salazar, Renzo Guerrini, Hakon Hakonarson, Erin L. Heinzen, Ingo Helbig, Patrick Kwan, Anthony G. Marson, Slave ? Petrovski, Sitharthan Kamalakaran, Sanjay M. Sisodiya, Randy Stewart, Sarah Weckhuysen, Chantal Depondt, Dennis J. Dlugos, Ingrid E. Scheffer, Pasquale Striano, Catharine Freyer, Roland Krause, Patrick May, Kevin McKenna, Brigid M. Regan, Caitlin A. Bennett, Costin Leu, Stephanie L. Leech, Terence J. O'Brien, Marian Todaro, Hannah Stamberger, Danielle M. Andrade, Quratulain Zulfiqar Ali, Tara R. Sadoway, Heinz Krestel, Andre ? Schaller, Savvas S. Papacostas, Ioanna Kou- siappa, George A. Tanteles, Yiolanda Christou, Katalin Sterbova ?, Marke ? ta Vlckova ?, Lucie Sedlackova, Petra Lassuthova ?, Karl Martin Klein, Felix Rosenow, Philipp S. Reif, Susanne Knake, Bernd A. Neubauer, Friedrich Zimprich, Martha Feucht, Eva M. Reinthaler, Wolfram S. Kunz, Ga ?bor Zsurka, Rainer Surges, Tobias Baumgart- ner, Randi von Wrede, Manuela Pendziwiat, Hiltrud Muhle, An- nika Rademacher, Andreas van Baalen, Sarah von Spiczak, Ulrich Stephani, Zaid Afawi, Amos D. Korczyn, Moien Kanaan, Christina Canavati, Gerhard Kurlemann, Karen Mu ?ller-Schlu ?ter, Gerhard Kluger, Martin Ha ?usler, Ilan Blatt, Johannes R. Lemke, Ilona Krey, Yvonne G. Weber, Stefan Wolking, Felicitas Becker, Stephan Lauxmann, Christian Boßelmann, Josua Kegele, Christian Hengs- bach, Sarah Rau, Bernhard J. Steinhoff, Andreas Schulze-Bonhage, IngoBorggra ?fe, ChristophJ.Schankin, SusanneSchubert-Bast, Herbert Schreiber, Thomas Mayer, Rudolf Korinthenberg, Knut Brockmann, Markus Wolff, Dieter Dennig, Rene Madeleyn, Reetta Ka ?lvia ?inen, Anni Saarela, Oskari Timonen, Tarja Linnankivi, Anna-Elina Lehesjoki, Sylvain Rheims, Gaetan Lesca, Philippe Ryvlin, Louis Maillard, Luc Valton, Philippe Derambure, Fabrice Bartolomei, Edouard Hirsch, Ve ?ronique Michel, Francine Chas- soux, Mark I. Rees, Seo-Kyung Chung, William O. Pickrell, Robert Powell, Mark D. Baker, Beata Fonferko-Shadrach, Charlotte Law- thom, Joseph Anderson, Natascha Schneider, Simona Balestrini, Sara Zagaglia, Vera Braatz, Michael R. Johnson, Pauls Auce, Graeme J. Sills, Larry W. Baum, Pak C. Sham, Stacey S. Cherny, Colin H.T. Lui, Norman Delanty, Colin P. Doherty, Arif Shukralla, Hany El-Naggar, Peter Widdess-Walsh, Nina Barisic, Laura 12 The American Journal of Human Genetics 108, 1-18, June 3, 2021 Please cite this article in press as: Epi25 Collaborative, Sub-genic intolerance, ClinVar, the epilepsies: A whole-exome sequencing study of 29, 165 individuals, The American Journal of Human Genetics (2021), https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajhg.2021.04.009 Canafoglia, Silvana Franceschetti, Barbara Castellotti, Tiziana Granata, Francesca Ragona, Federico Zara, Michele Iacomino, An- tonella Riva, Francesca Madia, Maria Stella Vari, Vincenzo Salpie- tro, Marcello Scala, Maria Margherita Mancardi, Lino Nobili, Elisa- betta Amadori, Thea Giacomini, Francesca Bisulli, Tommaso Pippucci, Laura Licchetta, Raffaella Minardi, Paolo Tinuper, Lor- enzo Muccioli, Barbara Mostacci, Antonio Gambardella, Angelo Labate, Grazia Annesi, Lorella Manna, Monica Gagliardi, Elena Parrini, Davide Mei, Annalisa Vetro, Claudia Bianchini, Martino Montomoli, Viola Doccini, Carmen Barba, Shinichi Hirose, At- sushi Ishii, Toshimitsu Suzuki, Yushi Inoue, Kazuhiro Yamakawa, Ahmad Beydoun, Wassim Nasreddine, Nathalie Khoueiry Zgheib, Birute Tumiene, Algirdas Utkus, Lynette G. Sadleir, Chontelle King, S. Hande Caglayan, Mutluay Arslan, Zuhal Yap?c?, P?nar To- paloglu, Bulent Kara, Uluc Yis, Dilsad Turkdogan, Asl? Gun- dogdu-Eken, Nerses Bebek, Meng-Han Tsai, Chen-Jui Ho, Chih- Hsiang Lin, Kuang-Lin Lin, I-Jun Chou, Annapurna Poduri, Beth R. Shiedley, Catherine Shain, Jeffrey L. Noebels, Alicia Goldman, Robyn M. Busch, Lara Jehi, Imad M. Najm, Lisa Ferguson, Jean Khoury, Tracy A. Glauser, Peggy O. Clark, Russell J. Buono, Thomas N. Ferraro, Michael R. Sperling, Warren Lo, Michael Privitera, Jac- queline A. French, Steven Schachter, Ruben I. Kuzniecky, Orrin Devinsky, Manu Hegde, David A. Greenberg, Colin A. Ellis, Ethan Goldberg, Katherine L. Helbig, Mahgenn Cosico, Priya Vaidis- waran, Eryn Fitch, Samuel F. Berkovic, Holger Lerche, Daniel H. Lowenstein, David B. Goldstein., Motelow J.E., Povysil G., Dhindsa R.S., Stanley K.E., Allen A.S., Feng Y.-C.A., Howrigan D.P., Abbott L.E., Tashman K., Cerrato F., Cusick C., Singh T., Heyne H., Byrnes A.E., Churchhouse C., Watts N., Solomonson M., Lal D., Gupta N., Neale B.M., Cavalleri G.L., Cossette P., Cotsapas C., De Jonghe P., Dixon-Salazar T., Guerrini R., Hakonarson H., Heinzen E.L., Helbig I., Kwan P., Marson A.G., Petrovski S., Kamalakaran S., Sisodiya S.M., Stewart R., Weckhuysen S., Depondt C., Dlugos D.J., Scheffer I.E., Striano P., Freyer C., Krause R., May P., McKenna K., Regan B.M., Bennett C.A., Leu C., Leech S.L., O'Brien T.J., Todaro M., Stamberger H., Andrade D.M., Ali Q.Z., Sadoway T.R., Krestel H., Schaller A., Papacostas S.S., Kousiappa I., Tanteles G.A., Christou Y., Sterbova K., Vlckova M., Sedlackova L., Lassuthova P., Klein K.M., Rosenow F., Reif P.S., Knake S., Neubauer B.A., Zimprich F., Feucht M., Reinthaler E.M., Kunz W.S., Zsurka G., Surges R., Baumgartner T., von Wrede R., Pendziwiat M., Muhle H., Rademacher A., van Baalen A., von Spiczak S., Stephani U., Afawi Z., Korczyn A.D., Kanaan M., Canavati C., Kurlemann G., Muller-Schluter K., Kluger G., Hausler M., Blatt I., Lemke J.R., Krey I., Weber Y.G., Wolking S., Becker F., Lauxmann S., Bosselmann C., Kegele J., Hengsbach C., Rau S., Steinhoff B.J., Schulze-Bonhage A., Borggrafe I., Schankin C.J., Schubert-Bast S., Schreiber H., Mayer T., Korinthenberg R., Brockmann K., Wolff M., Dennig D., Madeleyn R., Kalviainen R., Saarela A., Timonen O., Linnankivi T., Lehesjoki A.-E., Rheims S., Lesca G., Ryvlin P., Maillard L., Valton L., Derambure P., Bartolomei F., Hirsch E., Michel V., Chassoux F., Rees M.I., Chung S.-K., Pickrell W.O., Powell R., Baker M.D., Fonferko-Shadrach B., Lawthom C., Anderson J., Schneider N., Balestrini S., Zagaglia S., Braatz V., Johnson M.R., Auce P., Sills G.J., Baum L.W., Sham P.C., Cherny S.S., Lui C.H.T., Delanty N., Doherty C.P., Shukralla A., El-Naggar H., Widdess-Walsh P., Barisic N., Canafoglia L., Franceschetti S., Castellotti B., Granata T., Ragona F., Zara F., Iacomino M., Riva A., Madia F., Vari M.S., Salpietro V., Scala M., Mancardi M.M., Nobili L., Amadori E., Giacomini T., Bisulli F., Pippucci T., Licchetta L., Minardi R., Tinuper P., Muccioli L., Mostacci B., Gambardella A., Labate A., Annesi G., Manna L., Gagliardi M., Parrini E., Mei D., Vetro A., Bianchini C., Montomoli M., Doccini V., Barba C., Hirose S., Ishii A., Suzuki T., Inoue Y., Yamakawa K., Beydoun A., Nasreddine W., Khoueiry Zgheib N., Tumiene B., Utkus A., Sadleir L.G., King C., Caglayan S.H., Arslan M., Yapici Z., Topaloglu P., Kara B., Yis U., Turkdogan D., Gundogdu-Eken A., Bebek N., Tsai M.-H., Ho C.-J., Lin C.-H., Lin K.-L., Chou I.-J., Poduri A., Shiedley B.R., Shain C., Noebels J.L., Goldman A., Busch R.M., Jehi L., Najm I.M., Ferguson L., Khoury J., Glauser T.A., Clark P.O., Buono R.J., Ferraro T.N., Sperling M.R., Lo W., Privitera M., French J.A., Schachter S., Kuzniecky R.I., Devinsky O., Hegde M., Greenberg D.A., Ellis C.A., Goldberg E., Helbig K.L., Cosico M., Vaidiswaran P., Fitch E., Berkovic S.F., Lerche H., Lowenstein D.H., Goldstein D.B., Epi25 Collaborative, Institut de Neurosciences des Systèmes (INS), and Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)
Subjects: 0301 basic medicine, focal epilepsy, Whole Exome Sequencing, Cohort Studies, Epilepsy, 0302 clinical medicine, Genetic Marker, Missense mutation, Exome, whole-exome sequencing, generalized epilepsy, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, Genetics (clinical), Exome sequencing, seizures, Genetics, ClinVar, Phenotype, epileptic encephalopathy, Epi25, intolerance, Case-Control Studie, Human, Genetic Markers, seizure, Disease Association, Biology, Article, 03 medical and health sciences, Exome Sequencing, medicine, Humans, Genetic Predisposition to Disease, Genetic Testing, Generalized epilepsy, Gene, Louvain, [SCCO.NEUR]Cognitive science/Neuroscience, Correction, Genetic Variation, medicine.disease, epilepsy, Human genetics, 030104 developmental biology, Case-Control Studies, Human medicine, Cohort Studie, Genetic generalized epilepsy, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery
Abstract: Summary Both mild and severe epilepsies are influenced by variants in the same genes, yet an explanation for the resulting phenotypic variation is unknown. As part of the ongoing Epi25 Collaboration, we performed a whole-exome sequencing analysis of 13,487 epilepsy-affected individuals and 15,678 control individuals. While prior Epi25 studies focused on gene-based collapsing analyses, we asked how the pattern of variation within genes differs by epilepsy type. Specifically, we compared the genetic architectures of severe developmental and epileptic encephalopathies (DEEs) and two generally less severe epilepsies, genetic generalized epilepsy and non-acquired focal epilepsy (NAFE). Our gene-based rare variant collapsing analysis used geographic ancestry-based clustering that included broader ancestries than previously possible and revealed novel associations. Using the missense intolerance ratio (MTR), we found that variants in DEE-affected individuals are in significantly more intolerant genic sub-regions than those in NAFE-affected individuals. Only previously reported pathogenic variants absent in available genomic datasets showed a significant burden in epilepsy-affected individuals compared with control individuals, and the ultra-rare pathogenic variants associated with DEE were located in more intolerant genic sub-regions than variants associated with non-DEE epilepsies. MTR filtering improved the yield of ultra-rare pathogenic variants in affected individuals compared with control individuals. Finally, analysis of variants in genes without a disease association revealed a significant burden of loss-of-function variants in the genes most intolerant to such variation, indicating additional epilepsy-risk genes yet to be discovered. Taken together, our study suggests that genic and sub-genic intolerance are critical characteristics for interpreting the effects of variation in genes that influence epilepsy.
Published: 2021

21. Ultra-Rare Genetic Variation in the Epilepsies: A Whole-Exome Sequencing Study of 17,606 Individuals

Author: Yen-Chen Anne Feng, Daniel P. Howrigan, Liam E. Abbott, Katherine Tashman, Felecia Cerrato, Tarjinder Singh, Henrike Heyne, Andrea Byrnes, Claire Churchhouse, Nick Watts, Matthew Solomonson, Dennis Lal, Erin L. Heinzen, Ryan S. Dhindsa, Kate E. Stanley, Gianpiero L. Cavalleri, Hakon Hakonarson, Ingo Helbig, Roland Krause, Patrick May, Sarah Weckhuysen, Slavé Petrovski, Sitharthan Kamalakaran, Sanjay M. Sisodiya, Patrick Cossette, Chris Cotsapas, Peter De Jonghe, Tracy Dixon-Salazar, Renzo Guerrini, Patrick Kwan, Anthony G. Marson, Randy Stewart, Chantal Depondt, Dennis J. Dlugos, Ingrid E. Scheffer, Pasquale Striano, Catharine Freyer, Kevin McKenna, Brigid M. Regan, Susannah T. Bellows, Costin Leu, Caitlin A. Bennett, Esther M.C. Johns, Alexandra Macdonald, Hannah Shilling, Rosemary Burgess, Dorien Weckhuysen, Melanie Bahlo, Terence J. O’Brien, Marian Todaro, Hannah Stamberger, Danielle M. Andrade, Tara R. Sadoway, Kelly Mo, Heinz Krestel, Sabina Gallati, Savvas S. Papacostas, Ioanna Kousiappa, George A. Tanteles, Katalin Štěrbová, Markéta Vlčková, Lucie Sedláčková, Petra Laššuthová, Karl Martin Klein, Felix Rosenow, Philipp S. Reif, Susanne Knake, Wolfram S. Kunz, Gábor Zsurka, Christian E. Elger, Jürgen Bauer, Michael Rademacher, Manuela Pendziwiat, Hiltrud Muhle, Annika Rademacher, Andreas van Baalen, Sarah von Spiczak, Ulrich Stephani, Zaid Afawi, Amos D. Korczyn, Moien Kanaan, Christina Canavati, Gerhard Kurlemann, Karen Müller-Schlüter, Gerhard Kluger, Martin Häusler, Ilan Blatt, Johannes R. Lemke, Ilona Krey, Yvonne G. Weber, Stefan Wolking, Felicitas Becker, Christian Hengsbach, Sarah Rau, Ana F. Maisch, Bernhard J. Steinhoff, Andreas Schulze-Bonhage, Susanne Schubert-Bast, Herbert Schreiber, Ingo Borggräfe, Christoph J. Schankin, Thomas Mayer, Rudolf Korinthenberg, Knut Brockmann, Dieter Dennig, Rene Madeleyn, Reetta Kälviäinen, Pia Auvinen, Anni Saarela, Tarja Linnankivi, Anna-Elina Lehesjoki, Mark I. Rees, Seo-Kyung Chung, William O. Pickrell, Robert Powell, Natascha Schneider, Simona Balestrini, Sara Zagaglia, Vera Braatz, Michael R. Johnson, Pauls Auce, Graeme J. Sills, Larry W. Baum, Pak C. Sham, Stacey S. Cherny, Colin H.T. Lui, Nina Barišić, Norman Delanty, Colin P. Doherty, Arif Shukralla, Mark McCormack, Hany El-Naggar, Laura Canafoglia, Silvana Franceschetti, Barbara Castellotti, Tiziana Granata, Federico Zara, Michele Iacomino, Francesca Madia, Maria Stella Vari, Maria Margherita Mancardi, Vincenzo Salpietro, Francesca Bisulli, Paolo Tinuper, Laura Licchetta, Tommaso Pippucci, Carlotta Stipa, Raffaella Minardi, Antonio Gambardella, Angelo Labate, Grazia Annesi, Lorella Manna, Monica Gagliardi, Elena Parrini, Davide Mei, Annalisa Vetro, Claudia Bianchini, Martino Montomoli, Viola Doccini, Carla Marini, Toshimitsu Suzuki, Yushi Inoue, Kazuhiro Yamakawa, Birute Tumiene, Lynette G. Sadleir, Chontelle King, Emily Mountier, S. Hande Caglayan, Mutluay Arslan, Zuhal Yapıcı, Uluc Yis, Pınar Topaloglu, Bulent Kara, Dilsad Turkdogan, Aslı Gundogdu-Eken, Nerses Bebek, Sibel Uğur-İşeri, Betül Baykan, Barış Salman, Garen Haryanyan, Emrah Yücesan, Yeşim Kesim, Çiğdem Özkara, Annapurna Poduri, Beth R. Shiedley, Catherine Shain, Russell J. Buono, Thomas N. Ferraro, Michael R. Sperling, Warren Lo, Michael Privitera, Jacqueline A. French, Steven Schachter, Ruben I. Kuzniecky, Orrin Devinsky, Manu Hegde, Pouya Khankhanian, Katherine L. Helbig, Colin A. Ellis, Gianfranco Spalletta, Fabrizio Piras, Federica Piras, Tommaso Gili, Valentina Ciullo, Andreas Reif, Andrew McQuillin, Nick Bass, Andrew McIntosh, Douglas Blackwood, Mandy Johnstone, Aarno Palotie, Michele T. Pato, Carlos N. Pato, Evelyn J. Bromet, Celia Barreto Carvalho, Eric D. Achtyes, Maria Helena Azevedo, Roman Kotov, Douglas S. Lehrer, Dolores Malaspina, Stephen R. Marder, Helena Medeiros, Christopher P. Morley, Diana O. Perkins, Janet L. Sobell, Peter F. Buckley, Fabio Macciardi, Mark H. Rapaport, James A. Knowles, Ayman H. Fanous, Steven A. McCarroll, Namrata Gupta, Stacey B. Gabriel, Mark J. Daly, Eric S. Lander, Daniel H. Lowenstein, David B. Goldstein, Holger Lerche, Samuel F. Berkovic, Benjamin M. Neale, Wellcome Trust, Department of Health, Institute of Neurology, UCL, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust- BRC Funding, Commission of the European Communities, Medical Research Council (MRC), Feng Y.-C.A., Howrigan D.P., Abbott L.E., Tashman K., Cerrato F., Singh T., Heyne H., Byrnes A., Churchhouse C., Watts N., Solomonson M., Lal D., Heinzen E.L., Dhindsa R.S., Stanley K.E., Cavalleri G.L., Hakonarson H., Helbig I., Krause R., May P., Weckhuysen S., Petrovski S., Kamalakaran S., Sisodiya S.M., Cossette P., Cotsapas C., De Jonghe P., Dixon-Salazar T., Guerrini R., Kwan P., Marson A.G., Stewart R., Depondt C., Dlugos D.J., Scheffer I.E., Striano P., Freyer C., McKenna K., Regan B.M., Bellows S.T., Leu C., Bennett C.A., Johns E.M.C., Macdonald A., Shilling H., Burgess R., Weckhuysen D., Bahlo M., O'Brien T.J., Todaro M., Stamberger H., Andrade D.M., Sadoway T.R., Mo K., Krestel H., Gallati S., Papacostas S.S., Kousiappa I., Tanteles G.A., Sterbova K., Vlckova M., Sedlackova L., Lassuthova P., Klein K.M., Rosenow F., Reif P.S., Knake S., Kunz W.S., Zsurka G., Elger C.E., Bauer J., Rademacher M., Pendziwiat M., Muhle H., Rademacher A., van Baalen A., von Spiczak S., Stephani U., Afawi Z., Korczyn A.D., Kanaan M., Canavati C., Kurlemann G., Muller-Schluter K., Kluger G., Hausler M., Blatt I., Lemke J.R., Krey I., Weber Y.G., Wolking S., Becker F., Hengsbach C., Rau S., Maisch A.F., Steinhoff B.J., Schulze-Bonhage A., Schubert-Bast S., Schreiber H., Borggrafe I., Schankin C.J., Mayer T., Korinthenberg R., Brockmann K., Dennig D., Madeleyn R., Kalviainen R., Auvinen P., Saarela A., Linnankivi T., Lehesjoki A.-E., Rees M.I., Chung S.-K., Pickrell W.O., Powell R., Schneider N., Balestrini S., Zagaglia S., Braatz V., Johnson M.R., Auce P., Sills G.J., Baum L.W., Sham P.C., Cherny S.S., Lui C.H.T., Barisic N., Delanty N., Doherty C.P., Shukralla A., McCormack M., El-Naggar H., Canafoglia L., Franceschetti S., Castellotti B., Granata T., Zara F., Iacomino M., Madia F., Vari M.S., Mancardi M.M., Salpietro V., Bisulli F., Tinuper P., Licchetta L., Pippucci T., Stipa C., Minardi R., Gambardella A., Labate A., Annesi G., Manna L., Gagliardi M., Parrini E., Mei D., Vetro A., Bianchini C., Montomoli M., Doccini V., Marini C., Suzuki T., Inoue Y., Yamakawa K., Tumiene B., Sadleir L.G., King C., Mountier E., Caglayan S.H., Arslan M., Yapici Z., Yis U., Topaloglu P., Kara B., Turkdogan D., Gundogdu-Eken A., Bebek N., Ugur-Iseri S., Baykan B., Salman B., Haryanyan G., Yucesan E., Kesim Y., Ozkara C., Poduri A., Shiedley B.R., Shain C., Buono R.J., Ferraro T.N., Sperling M.R., Lo W., Privitera M., French J.A., Schachter S., Kuzniecky R.I., Devinsky O., Hegde M., Khankhanian P., Helbig K.L., Ellis C.A., Spalletta G., Piras F., Gili T., Ciullo V., Reif A., McQuillin A., Bass N., McIntosh A., Blackwood D., Johnstone M., Palotie A., Pato M.T., Pato C.N., Bromet E.J., Carvalho C.B., Achtyes E.D., Azevedo M.H., Kotov R., Lehrer D.S., Malaspina D., Marder S.R., Medeiros H., Morley C.P., Perkins D.O., Sobell J.L., Buckley P.F., Macciardi F., Rapaport M.H., Knowles J.A., Fanous A.H., McCarroll S.A., Gupta N., Gabriel S.B., Daly M.J., Lander E.S., Lowenstein D.H., Goldstein D.B., Lerche H., Berkovic S.F., Neale B.M., Epi25 Collaborative, YÜCESAN, EMRAH, Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland, Children's Hospital, HUS Children and Adolescents, Department of Medical and Clinical Genetics, University Management, Centre of Excellence in Complex Disease Genetics, Aarno Palotie / Principal Investigator, and Genomics of Neurological and Neuropsychiatric Disorders
Subjects: s.berkovic@unimelb.edu.au [Epi25 Collaborative. Electronic address], 0301 basic medicine, GAMMA-2-SUBUNIT, burden analysi, DNA Mutational Analysis, PROTEIN, Neurodegenerative, VARIANTS, SUSCEPTIBILITY, Medical and Health Sciences, Epilepsy, 0302 clinical medicine, 2.1 Biological and endogenous factors, EPIDEMIOLOGY, Missense mutation, Exome, Aetiology, Genetics (clinical), Exome sequencing, 11 Medical and Health Sciences, seizures, GABRG2, Genetics, Genetics & Heredity, 0303 health sciences, biology, COMMON EPILEPSIES, 1184 Genetics, developmental biology, physiology, sequencing, Biological Sciences, Epi25 Collaborative, Phenotype, GENOME, epileptic encephalopathy, burden analysis, Neurological, Biotechnology, Genetic Markers, seizure, EEF1A2, Burden analysis, epilepsy, exome, Article, 03 medical and health sciences, Clinical Research, Exome Sequencing, Genetic variation, medicine, Humans, Genetic Predisposition to Disease, Gene, EPILEPTIC SEIZURES, METAANALYSIS, 030304 developmental biology, Human Genome, Neurosciences, Genetic Variation, 06 Biological Sciences, medicine.disease, Brain Disorders, 030104 developmental biology, Genetic marker, DE-NOVO MUTATIONS, Case-Control Studies, biology.protein, 3111 Biomedicine, Human medicine, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery
Abstract: Sequencing-based studies have identified novel risk genes for rare, severe epilepsies and revealed a role of rare deleterious variation in common epilepsies. To identify the shared and distinct ultra-rare genetic risk factors for rare and common epilepsies, we performed a whole-exome sequencing (WES) analysis of 9,170 epilepsy-affected individuals and 8,364 controls of European ancestry. We focused on three phenotypic groups; the rare but severe developmental and epileptic encephalopathies (DEE), and the commoner phenotypes of genetic generalized epilepsy (GGE) and non-acquired focal epilepsy (NAFE). We observed that compared to controls, individuals with any type of epilepsy carried an excess of ultra-rare, deleterious variants in constrained genes and in genes previously associated with epilepsy, with the strongest enrichment seen in DEE and the least in NAFE. Moreover, we found that inhibitory GABAA receptor genes were enriched for missense variants across all three classes of epilepsy, while no enrichment was seen in excitatory receptor genes. The larger gene groups for the GABAergic pathway or cation channels also showed a significant mutational burden in DEE and GGE. Although no single gene surpassed exome-wide significance among individuals with GGE or NAFE, highly constrained genes and genes encoding ion channels were among the top associations, including CACNA1G, EEF1A2, and GABRG2 for GGE and LGI1, TRIM3, and GABRG2 for NAFE. Our study confirms a convergence in the genetics of common and rare epilepsies associated with ultra-rare coding variation and highlights a ubiquitous role for GABAergic inhibition in epilepsy etiology in the largest epilepsy WES study to date.
Published: 2019

22. Two de novo mutations in the Na, K-ATPase gene ATP1A2 associated with pure familial hemiplegic migraine

Author: Arn M. J. M. van den Maagdenberg, Jan B. Koenderink, Michel D. Ferrari, Virginia Barone, Kaate R J Vanmolkot, Ulku Turk, Giorgio Casari, Sima Kheradmand Kia, Dylsad Turkdogan, David F. Black, Joost Haan, E. E. Kors, Ludo A. M. Broos, Jeroen J. M. W. van den Heuvel, Antoine Keyser, Rune R. Frants, Vanmolkot, Kr, Kors, Ee, Turk, U, Turkdogan, D, Keyser, A, Broos, La, Kia, Sk, van den Heuvel, Jj, Black, Df, Haan, J, Frants, Rr, Barone, V, Ferrari, Md, Casari, GIORGIO NEVIO, Koenderink, Jb, and van den Maagdenberg, Am
Subjects: Male, Migraine Disorders, Molecular Sequence Data, Hemiplegia, Biology, medicine.disease_cause, ATP1A2, Perception and Action [DCN 1], Genetics, medicine, Humans, Missense mutation, familial hemiplegic migraine, Na, Amino Acid Sequence, Gene, Genetics (clinical), Familial hemiplegic migraine, Mutation, Sequence Homology, Amino Acid, Chromosome, Middle Aged, medicine.disease, Renal disorders [UMCN 5.4], K-ATPase, Migraine, Chromosomes, Human, Pair 1, Mutation testing, Female, Sodium-Potassium-Exchanging ATPase, Functional Neurogenomics [DCN 2], HeLa Cells
Abstract: Familial hemiplegic migraine (FHM) is a rare autosomal dominantly inherited subtype of migraine, in which hemiparesis occurs during the aura. The majority of the families carry mutations in the CACNA1A gene on chromosome 19p13 (FHM1). About 20% of FHM families is linked to chromosome 1q23 (FHM2), and has mutations in the ATP1A2 gene, encoding the alpha 2-subunit of the Na, K-ATPase. Mutation analysis in a Dutch and a Turkish family with pure FHM revealed two novel de novo missense mutations, R593W and V628M, respectively. Cellular survival assays support the hypothesis that both mutations are disease-causative. The identification of the first de novo mutations underscores beyond any doubt the involvement of the ATP1A2 gene in FHM2.
Published: 2006

23. Evaluation of vestibular functions in children with vertigo attacks

Author: Dilsad Turkdogan, A Uneri, Uneri, A, and Turkdogan, D
Subjects: Male, medicine.medical_specialty, Benign paroxysmal positional vertigo, Adolescent, Migraine Disorders, POSITIONAL VERTIGO, CHILDHOOD, Nystagmus, Audiology, Dizziness, Nystagmus, Pathologic, Vertigo, medicine, otorhinolaryngologic diseases, Videonystagmography, Humans, Child, Vestibular system, biology, medicine.diagnostic_test, business.industry, medicine.disease, biology.organism_classification, Motion sickness, Electronystagmography, Vestibular Diseases, Child, Preschool, Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health, Vestibular nystagmus, Female, Original Article, sense organs, medicine.symptom, business, Follow-Up Studies, BENIGN PAROXYSMAL VERTIGO
Abstract: Aim: To examine vestibular system functions in children with episodic vertigo attacks. Methods: Thirty four children (20 males) aged 4–18 years with paroxysmal dizziness and/or vertigo attacks were evaluated. A medical history for vestibular symptoms and migraine was taken. Vestibular and auditory functions were assessed. Results: Chronic headache attacks consistent with migraine were reported in 12 children and motion sickness was reported in 30. Family history in first degree relatives was positive for migraine in 29 children and for episodic vertigo in 22. Electronystagmography and videonystagmography showed two types of nystagmus: spontaneous vestibular nystagmus (41%) and benign paroxysmal positional nystagmus (BPPN) (59%). The first type of nystagmus was assessed as a sign of vestibulopathy and the patients with BPPN were diagnosed as having benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (BPPV). Audiometric examination in four cases revealed bilateral sensory neural hearing loss in low frequencies. Pure tone averages in 30 cases were within normal ranges; however low frequencies in 28 of them were approximately 10 dB lower than high frequencies. Unilateral caloric responses diminished in eight children. Conclusions: Peripheral vestibular problems in childhood present in a wide spectrum, which varies from a short episode of dizziness to a typical vestibular attack with fluctuating sensory neural hearing loss or episodes of BPPV. A considerable number of these vestibular problems might be related to the migraine syndrome.
Published: 2003

24. Evaluation of the Patients with the Diagnosis of Pontocerebellar Hypoplasia: A Multicenter National Study.

Author: Cavusoglu D, Ozturk G, Turkdogan D, Kurul SH, Yis U, Komur M, Incecik F, Kara B, Sahin T, Unver O, Dilber C, Mert GG, Gunay C, Uzan GS, Ersoy O, Oktay Y, Mermer S, Tuncer GO, Gungor O, Ozcora GDK, Gumus U, Sezer O, Cetin GO, Demir F, Yilmaz A, Gurbuz G, Topcu M, Topaloglu H, Ceylan AC, Ceylaner S, Gleeson JG, Icagasioglu DF, and Sonmez FM
Subjects: Humans, Female, Male, Retrospective Studies, Child, Preschool, Child, Infant, Turkey, Adolescent, Mutation, Adult, Consanguinity, Young Adult, Cerebellar Diseases genetics, Cerebellar Diseases diagnostic imaging, Cerebellar Diseases diagnosis
Abstract: Pontocerebellar hypoplasia (PCH) is a heterogeneous group of neurodegenerative disorders characterized by hypoplasia and degeneration of the cerebellum and pons. We aimed to identify the clinical, laboratory, and imaging findings of the patients with diagnosed PCH with confirmed genetic analysis. We collected available clinical data, laboratory, and imaging findings in our retrospective multicenter national study of 64 patients with PCH in Turkey. The genetic analysis included the whole-exome sequencing (WES), targeted next-generation sequencing (NGS), or single gene analysis. Sixty-four patients with PCH were 28 female (43.8%) and 36 (56.3%) male. The patients revealed homozygous mutation in 89.1%, consanguinity in 79.7%, pregnancy at term in 85.2%, microcephaly in 91.3%, psychomotor retardation in 98.4%, abnormal neurological findings in 100%, seizure in 63.8%, normal biochemistry and metabolic investigations in 92.2%, and dysmorphic findings in 51.2%. The missense mutation was found to be the most common variant type in all patients with PCH. It was detected as CLP1 (n = 17) was the most common PCH related gene. The homozygous missense variant c.419G > A (p.Arg140His) was identified in all patients with CLP1. Moreover, all patients showed the same homozygous missense variant c.919G > T (p.A307S) in TSEN54 group (n = 6). In Turkey, CLP1 was identified as the most common causative gene with the identical variant c.419G > A; p.Arg140His. The current study supports that genotype data on PCH leads to phenotypic variability over a wide phenotypic spectrum., (© 2024. The Author(s).)
Published: 2024
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25. Exome sequencing of 20,979 individuals with epilepsy reveals shared and distinct ultra-rare genetic risk across disorder subtypes.

Author: Chen S, Abou-Khalil BW, Afawi Z, Ali QZ, Amadori E, Anderson A, Anderson J, Andrade DM, Annesi G, Arslan M, Auce P, Bahlo M, Baker MD, Balagura G, Balestrini S, Banks E, Barba C, Barboza K, Bartolomei F, Bass N, Baum LW, Baumgartner TH, Baykan B, Bebek N, Becker F, Bennett CA, Beydoun A, Bianchini C, Bisulli F, Blackwood D, Blatt I, Borggräfe I, Bosselmann C, Braatz V, Brand H, Brockmann K, Buono RJ, Busch RM, Caglayan SH, Canafoglia L, Canavati C, Castellotti B, Cavalleri GL, Cerrato F, Chassoux F, Cherian C, Cherny SS, Cheung CL, Chou IJ, Chung SK, Churchhouse C, Ciullo V, Clark PO, Cole AJ, Cosico M, Cossette P, Cotsapas C, Cusick C, Daly MJ, Davis LK, Jonghe P, Delanty N, Dennig D, Depondt C, Derambure P, Devinsky O, Di Vito L, Dickerson F, Dlugos DJ, Doccini V, Doherty CP, El-Naggar H, Ellis CA, Epstein L, Evans M, Faucon A, Feng YA, Ferguson L, Ferraro TN, Da Silva IF, Ferri L, Feucht M, Fields MC, Fitzgerald M, Fonferko-Shadrach B, Fortunato F, Franceschetti S, French JA, Freri E, Fu JM, Gabriel S, Gagliardi M, Gambardella A, Gauthier L, Giangregorio T, Gili T, Glauser TA, Goldberg E, Goldman A, Goldstein DB, Granata T, Grant R, Greenberg DA, Guerrini R, Gundogdu-Eken A, Gupta N, Haas K, Hakonarson H, Haryanyan G, Häusler M, Hegde M, Heinzen EL, Helbig I, Hengsbach C, Heyne H, Hirose S, Hirsch E, Ho CJ, Hoeper O, Howrigan DP, Hucks D, Hung PC, Iacomino M, Inoue Y, Inuzuka LM, Ishii A, Jehi L, Johnson MR, Johnstone M, Kälviäinen R, Kanaan M, Kara B, Kariuki SM, Kegele J, Kesim Y, Khoueiry-Zgheib N, Khoury J, King C, Klein KM, Kluger G, Knake S, Kok F, Korczyn AD, Korinthenberg R, Koupparis A, Kousiappa I, Krause R, Krenn M, Krestel H, Krey I, Kunz WS, Kurlemann G, Kuzniecky RI, Kwan P, La Vega-Talbott M, Labate A, Lacey A, Lal D, Laššuthová P, Lauxmann S, Lawthom C, Leech SL, Lehesjoki AE, Lemke JR, Lerche H, Lesca G, Leu C, Lewin N, Lewis-Smith D, Li GH, Liao C, Licchetta L, Lin CH, Lin KL, Linnankivi T, Lo W, Lowenstein DH, Lowther C, Lubbers L, Lui CHT, Macedo-Souza LI, Madeleyn R, Madia F, Magri S, Maillard L, Marcuse L, Marques P, Marson AG, Matthews AG, May P, Mayer T, McArdle W, McCarroll SM, McGoldrick P, McGraw CM, McIntosh A, McQuillan A, Meador KJ, Mei D, Michel V, Millichap JJ, Minardi R, Montomoli M, Mostacci B, Muccioli L, Muhle H, Müller-Schlüter K, Najm IM, Nasreddine W, Neaves S, Neubauer BA, Newton CRJC, Noebels JL, Northstone K, Novod S, O'Brien TJ, Owusu-Agyei S, Özkara Ç, Palotie A, Papacostas SS, Parrini E, Pato C, Pato M, Pendziwiat M, Pennell PB, Petrovski S, Pickrell WO, Pinsky R, Pinto D, Pippucci T, Piras F, Piras F, Poduri A, Pondrelli F, Posthuma D, Powell RHW, Privitera M, Rademacher A, Ragona F, Ramirez-Hamouz B, Rau S, Raynes HR, Rees MI, Regan BM, Reif A, Reinthaler E, Rheims S, Ring SM, Riva A, Rojas E, Rosenow F, Ryvlin P, Saarela A, Sadleir LG, Salman B, Salmon A, Salpietro V, Sammarra I, Scala M, Schachter S, Schaller A, Schankin CJ, Scheffer IE, Schneider N, Schubert-Bast S, Schulze-Bonhage A, Scudieri P, Sedláčková L, Shain C, Sham PC, Shiedley BR, Siena SA, Sills GJ, Sisodiya SM, Smoller JW, Solomonson M, Spalletta G, Sparks KR, Sperling MR, Stamberger H, Steinhoff BJ, Stephani U, Štěrbová K, Stewart WC, Stipa C, Striano P, Strzelczyk A, Surges R, Suzuki T, Talarico M, Talkowski ME, Taneja RS, Tanteles GA, Timonen O, Timpson NJ, Tinuper P, Todaro M, Topaloglu P, Tsai MH, Tumiene B, Turkdogan D, Uğur-İşeri S, Utkus A, Vaidiswaran P, Valton L, van Baalen A, Vari MS, Vetro A, Vlčková M, von Brauchitsch S, von Spiczak S, Wagner RG, Watts N, Weber YG, Weckhuysen S, Widdess-Walsh P, Wiebe S, Wolf SM, Wolff M, Wolking S, Wong I, von Wrede R, Wu D, Yamakawa K, Yapıcı Z, Yis U, Yolken R, Yücesan E, Zagaglia S, Zahnert F, Zara F, Zimprich F, Zizovic M, Zsurka G, Neale BM, and Berkovic SF
Abstract: Identifying genetic risk factors for highly heterogeneous disorders like epilepsy remains challenging. Here, we present the largest whole-exome sequencing study of epilepsy to date, with >54,000 human exomes, comprising 20,979 deeply phenotyped patients from multiple genetic ancestry groups with diverse epilepsy subtypes and 33,444 controls, to investigate rare variants that confer disease risk. These analyses implicate seven individual genes, three gene sets, and four copy number variants at exome-wide significance. Genes encoding ion channels show strong association with multiple epilepsy subtypes, including epileptic encephalopathies, generalized and focal epilepsies, while most other gene discoveries are subtype-specific, highlighting distinct genetic contributions to different epilepsies. Combining results from rare single nucleotide/short indel-, copy number-, and common variants, we offer an expanded view of the genetic architecture of epilepsy, with growing evidence of convergence among different genetic risk loci on the same genes. Top candidate genes are enriched for roles in synaptic transmission and neuronal excitability, particularly postnatally and in the neocortex. We also identify shared rare variant risk between epilepsy and other neurodevelopmental disorders. Our data can be accessed via an interactive browser, hopefully facilitating diagnostic efforts and accelerating the development of follow-up studies., Competing Interests: Competing Interests B.M.N is a member of the scientific advisory board at Deep Genomics and Neumora. No other authors have competing interests to declare
Published: 2024
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26. Unveiling the Respiratory Muscle Strength in Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy: The Impact of Nutrition and Thoracic Deformities, Beyond Spirometry.

Author: Yuksel Kalyoncu M, Gokdemir Y, Yilmaz Yegit C, Yanaz M, Gulieva A, Selcuk M, Karabulut Ş, Metin Çakar N, Ergenekon P, Erdem Eralp E, Öztürk G, Unver O, Turkdogan D, Sahbat Y, Akgülle AH, Karakoç F, and Karadag B
Abstract: Background/objectives: Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is the most prevalent progressive muscular dystrophy, and the guidelines recommend the regular assessment of respiratory muscle function. This study aimed to assess the relationship between maximum inspiratory pressure (MIP), maximum expiratory pressure (MEP) and sniff nasal inspiratory pressure (SNIP) measurements and upright-supine spirometry parameters in children with DMD, the predictability of upright-supine spirometry in terms of diaphragm involvement, and the impact of nutrition on muscle strength., Methods: This prospective cross-sectional study examined patients with DMD by comparing upright and supine FVC, MIP, MEP, and SNIP measurements. The effects of the ambulatory status, kyphoscoliosis, chest deformity, and low BMI on respiratory parameters were investigated., Results: Forty-four patients were included in the study. The mean patient age was 10.8 ± 2.9 years. Twenty-five patients were ambulatory. A significant decrease in FVC, FEV1, and FEF25-75 values was detected in the supine position in both ambulatory and non-ambulatory patients ( p < 0.05). All patients had low MIP, MEP, and SNIP measurements (less than 60 cm H 2 O). MIP, MEP, and SNIP values were significantly lower in patients with a low BMI than in those without ( p < 0.05)., Conclusions: To accurately assess respiratory muscle strength, supine FVC should be combined with upright FVC, MIP, MEP, and SNIP measurements. It is crucial to regularly screen patients for nutrition, as this can significantly affect respiratory muscle function during pulmonology follow-up.
Published: 2024
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27. Kelch-like Protein 11 (KLHL11) Antibodies in Children With Seizures of Undetermined Cause.

Author: Tzartos J, Pechlivanidou M, Bosveli D, Ninou E, Yuceer H, Yalcin B, Kucukali CI, Tuzun E, Tzartos S, and Turkdogan D
Subjects: Male, Female, Humans, Child, Child, Preschool, Disease Progression, Carrier Proteins, Electroencephalography, Epilepsy
Abstract: Background/aim: Kelch-like protein 11 (KLHL11)-antibody may be found in paraneoplastic neurological disorders presenting with epileptic seizures. The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence and clinical significance of KLHL11-antibody in epilepsy., Patients and Methods: Sera of 42 pediatric and 59 adult patients with seizures of undetermined cause were screened using a cell-based assay., Results: KLHL11-antibody was found in three of 168 control patients with paraneoplastic neurological disorders and four pediatric patients (4-8-year-old, 2 boys/2 girls) with seizures of unknown cause presenting with myoclonic-atonic epilepsy, generalized epilepsy or childhood epilepsy with centrotemporal spikes. In these four cases, seizures continued for 2-7 months, responded promptly and favorably to conventional anti-seizure drugs and did not recur in follow-up durations ranging between 2-5 years. Patients had normal brain MRI findings and motor-mental development before and after seizures. KLHL11-antibody was not detected in adult epilepsy patients with undetermined cause, MOG antibody-positive patients and healthy controls., Conclusion: KLHL11-antibody may be detected in pediatric epilepsy patients with a relatively benign disease course., (Copyright © 2024, International Institute of Anticancer Research (Dr. George J. Delinasios), All rights reserved.)
Published: 2024
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28. Chromosomal microarray and exome sequencing in unexplained early infantile epileptic encephalopathies in a highly consanguineous population.

Author: Turkdogan D, Turkyilmaz A, Sager G, Ozturk G, Unver O, and Say M
Subjects: Humans, Exome Sequencing, Comparative Genomic Hybridization, Seizures, Monocarboxylic Acid Transporters genetics, Spasms, Infantile diagnosis, Symporters genetics
Abstract: Aim: To identify genetic causes for early infantile epileptic encephalopathies (EIEE) in Turkish children with mostly consanguineous parents., Methods: In a selected EIEE group ( N = 59) based on results of nongenetic and initial genetic testing with unexplained etiology, 49 patients underwent array-based comparative genomic hybridization (aCGH) and 49 patients underwent whole exome sequencing (WES) including 39 with negative aCGH results and 10 with WES-only., Results: Diagnostic yield of aCGH and WES for pathogenic or likely pathogenic variants was 14.3% and 38.8%, respectively. Including de novo variants of uncertain significance linked to compatible phenotypes, increased the diagnostic yield of WES to 61.2%. Out of 38 positive variants, 18 (47.4%) were novel and 16 (42.1%) were de novo. Twenty-one (56.8%) patients had recessive variants inherited from mostly consanguineous healthy parents (85.7%). Fourteen (37.8%) of patients with diagnostic results had positive variants in established EIEE genes. Seizures started during neonatal period in 32.4% patients. Posture or movement disorders were comorbid with EIEE in 40.5% of diagnosed patients. We identified treatable metabolic disorders in 8.1% of patients and pathogenic variants in genes which support using targeted medicine in 19% of patients., Conclusions: Detailed electro-clinical phenotyping led to expansion of some of the known phenotypes with non-neurological and neurological findings in addition to seizures, as well as suggestion of candidate genes ( SEC24B, SLC16A2 and PRICKLE2) and a copy number variant (microduplication of Xp21.1p11.4). The high ratio of recessive inheritance could be important for family counseling.
Published: 2023
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29. The PURPLE N study: objective and perceived nutritional status in children and adolescents with cerebral palsy.

Author: Fogarasi A, Fazzi E, Smorenburg ARP, Mazurkiewicz-Beldzinska M, Dinopoulos A, Pobiecka A, Schröder-van den Nieuwendijk D, Kraus J, Tekgül H, Kraus J, Dinopoulos A, Koutsaki M, Fogarasi A, Baranello G, Bertoli S, Caramaschi E, Cordelli DM, De Amicis R, Fazzi E, Forchielli ML, Guerra A, Lividini A, Marchiò M, Rossi A, Nieuwendijk DSD, Fliciński J, Gurda B, Lemska A, Matheisel A, Mazurkiewicz-Beldzinska M, Niwinska Z, Pawłowicz M, Sawicka A, Steinborn B, Szmuda M, Winczewska-Wiktor A, Zawadzka M, Pobiecka A, Arhan E, Aydin K, Bayram E, Carman KB, Edem P, Ertem D, Goktas ÖA, Gungor S, Haliloglu G, Kansu A, Kömür M, Mutlu A, Kırsaçlıoğlu CT, Okuyaz Ç, Özgör B, Ozturk Y, Sager SG, Sarıgeçili E, Selimoglu MA, Serin HMÖ, Teber ST, Tekgül H, Thomas G, Turkdogan D, Volkan B, Yarar C, and Yilmaz SK
Subjects: Child, Adolescent, Humans, Nutritional Status, Caregivers, Surveys and Questionnaires, Cerebral Palsy, Malnutrition diagnosis
Abstract: Purpose: To obtain information on characteristics, management, current objective nutritional status and perception of nutritional status of children with cerebral palsy (CP) from healthcare professionals (HCPs) and caregivers., Materials and Methods: A detailed survey of several items on eight main topics (general characteristics, motor function, comorbidities, therapies, anthropometry, feeding mode and problems and perceived nutritional status) was developed and tested for the study. Correlation between nutritional status and Gross Motor Function Classification System (GMFCS) levels was assessed using continuous variables (Z-scores for weight-for-age, height-for-age, weight-for-height, and body mass index-for-age), and categorical variables (being malnourished, stunted, or wasted). HCP and caregiver perceptions of the child's nutritional status as well as agreement between perceived and objective nutritional status and agreement between perceived nutritional status and concerns about the nutritional status were analyzed., Results: Data were available for 497 participants from eight European countries. Poorer nutritional status was associated with higher (more severe) GMFCS levels. There was minimal agreement between perceived and objective nutritional status, both for HCPs and caregivers. Agreement between HCP and caregiver perceptions of the child's nutritional status was weak (weighted kappa 0.56). However, the concerns about the nutritional status of the child were in line with the perceived nutritional status., Conclusions: The risk of poor nutritional status is associated with more severe disability in children and adolescents with CP. There is a mismatch between HCP and caregiver perceptions of participants' nutritional status as well as between subjective and objective nutritional status. Our data warrant the use of a simple and objective screening tool in daily practice to determine nutritional status in children and adolescents with CP. Clinical trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT03499288 (https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03499288). IMPLICATIONS FOR REHABILITATIONUse of the ESPGHAN recommendations and simple screening tools in daily practice is needed to improve nutritional care for individuals with CP.Attention should be paid to the differences in the perception of nutritional status of individuals with CP between professionals and caregivers to improve appropriate referral for nutritional support.Objective measures rather than the professional's perception need to be used to define the nutritional status of individuals with CP.
Published: 2022
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30. De novo FZR1 loss-of-function variants cause developmental and epileptic encephalopathies.

Author: Manivannan SN, Roovers J, Smal N, Myers CT, Turkdogan D, Roelens F, Kanca O, Chung HL, Scholz T, Hermann K, Bierhals T, Caglayan HS, Stamberger H, Mefford H, de Jonghe P, Yamamoto S, Weckhuysen S, and Bellen HJ
Subjects: Ataxia, Child, Humans, Loss of Function Mutation, Phenotype, Cdh1 Proteins genetics, Epilepsy genetics, Epilepsy, Generalized genetics, Microcephaly genetics
Abstract: FZR1, which encodes the Cdh1 subunit of the anaphase-promoting complex, plays an important role in neurodevelopment by regulating the cell cycle and by its multiple post-mitotic functions in neurons. In this study, evaluation of 250 unrelated patients with developmental and epileptic encephalopathies and a connection on GeneMatcher led to the identification of three de novo missense variants in FZR1. Whole-exome sequencing in 39 patient-parent trios and subsequent targeted sequencing in an additional cohort of 211 patients was performed to identify novel genes involved in developmental and epileptic encephalopathy. Functional studies in Drosophila were performed using three different mutant alleles of the Drosophila homologue of FZR1 fzr. All three individuals carrying de novo variants in FZR1 had childhood-onset generalized epilepsy, intellectual disability, mild ataxia and normal head circumference. Two individuals were diagnosed with the developmental and epileptic encephalopathy subtype myoclonic atonic epilepsy. We provide genetic-association testing using two independent statistical tests to support FZR1 association with developmental and epileptic encephalopathies. Further, we provide functional evidence that the missense variants are loss-of-function alleles using Drosophila neurodevelopment assays. Using three fly mutant alleles of the Drosophila homologue fzr and overexpression studies, we show that patient variants can affect proper neurodevelopment. With the recent report of a patient with neonatal-onset with microcephaly who also carries a de novo FZR1 missense variant, our study consolidates the relationship between FZR1 and developmental and epileptic encephalopathy and expands the associated phenotype. We conclude that heterozygous loss-of-function of FZR1 leads to developmental and epileptic encephalopathies associated with a spectrum of neonatal to childhood-onset seizure types, developmental delay and mild ataxia. Microcephaly can be present but is not an essential feature of FZR1-encephalopathy. In summary, our approach of targeted sequencing using novel gene candidates and functional testing in Drosophila will help solve undiagnosed myoclonic atonic epilepsy or developmental and epileptic encephalopathy cases., (© The Author(s) (2021). Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Guarantors of Brain. All rights reserved. For permissions, please email: journals.permissions@oup.com.)
Published: 2022
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31. Stress-induced Childhood Onset Neurodegeneration with Ataxia and Seizures (CONDSIAS) Presenting with Torticollis Attacks: Phenotypic Variability of the Same Mutation in Two Turkish Patients.

Author: Ozturk G, Ayaz A, Topcu Y, Akyuz G, Unver O, Akbeyaz IH, Ekinci G, and Turkdogan D
Abstract: Competing Interests: There are no conflicts of interest.
Published: 2022
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32. How do presentation age and CSF opening pressure level affect long-term prognosis of pseudotumor cerebri syndrome in children? Experience of a single tertiary clinic.

Author: Ozturk G, Turkdogan D, Unver O, Dericioglu V, Aslan B, and Dagcinar A
Subjects: Cerebrospinal Fluid Pressure physiology, Child, Child, Preschool, Female, Humans, Male, Prognosis, Retrospective Studies, Papilledema diagnosis, Pseudotumor Cerebri drug therapy, Pseudotumor Cerebri therapy
Abstract: Background: Diagnosis and treatment of pseudotumor cerebri syndrome in children is still a challenge for clinicians. The aim of this study is to reveal the influence of presentation age and CSF opening pressure on long-term prognosis of pseudotumor cerebri and share our clinical data of the very young age (≤ 5-year) group., Method: This retrospective study includes the patients followed by the Marmara University Pediatric Neurology Clinic between years 2012 and 2020 diagnosed with definite, probable, or suggestive pseudotumor cerebri syndrome according to modified Friedman criteria. Patients were classified into three groups according to presentation age: group 1: ≤ 5 years old; group 2: 6-10 years; and group 3 > 10 years old. CSF opening pressure was also categorized into three groups as CSF < 20 cmH20; CSF 20-30 cmH20; and CSF > 30 cmH20., Results: One hundred three patients, 62.1% female (n = 64), were enrolled in the study. Group 1 consisted of 16 patients (60% male), group 2 consisted of 30 patients (63.3% female), and group 3 consisted of 57 patients (66.7% female). The mean CSF opening pressure did not differ between the three age groups in our study (p > 0.05). Treatment response was not correlated with CSF opening pressure. Papilledema presence and level of CSF opening pressure were independent of age (p > 0.05)., Conclusions: Age at presentation and CSF opening pressure at diagnosis are not any predictive factors that influence long-term prognosis of pseudotumor cerebri syndrome in children. Evaluation and follow-up of children should be done in personalized approach., (© 2021. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature.)
Published: 2022
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33. Respiratory outcome of spinal muscular atrophy type 1 patients treated with nusinersen.

Author: Ergenekon AP, Yilmaz Yegit C, Cenk M, Gokdemir Y, Erdem Eralp E, Ozturk G, Unver O, Kenis Coskun O, Karadag Saygi E, Turkdogan D, and Karadag B
Subjects: Child, Humans, Infant, Oligonucleotides therapeutic use, Respiration, Artificial, Retrospective Studies, Muscular Atrophy, Spinal, Spinal Muscular Atrophies of Childhood drug therapy
Abstract: Background: Respiratory failure is the leading cause of mortality in spinal muscular atrophy type 1 (SMA1) children. The current study aims to evaluate the effect of nusinersen treatment on respiratory outcome of the patients with SMA1., Methods: In this retrospective, single-center study, 52 SMA1 patients treated with nusinersen were included in the analysis. Patients were divided into two groups based on their age at the time of their first nusinersen treatment (Group 1: ≤6 months, Group 2: >6 months). Respiratory outcome on the 180th day of treatment is defined as the type of ventilation support (spontaneous breathing, noninvasive ventilation (NIV), and tracheostomized or intubated on invasive mechanical ventilation). Demographic data, respiratory outcome, and Children's Hospital of Philadelphia Infant Test of Neuromuscular Disorders scores were obtained from medical records., Results: On the 180th day of treatment, 46 of the 52 (88.4%) children were alive. Prevalence of the mortality was similar in both groups (P = 0.65). The comparison of respiratory outcome in patients between group 1 and group 2 was as follows: spontaneous breathing, 7 (43.7%) versus 4 (13.3%) (P = 0.03); NIV <16 h/day, 3 (18.7%) versus 4 (13.3%) (P = 0.68); invasive mechanical ventilation, 6 (37.5%) versus 22 (73.3%) (P = 0.01). There were no patients using NIV ≥16 h/day. There were significant improvements in Children's Hospital of Philadelphia Infant Test of Neuromuscular Disorders scores of the patients at day 180 in comparison with the baseline (P < 0.001)., Conclusions: Early initiation of nusinersen treatment in SMA1 patients may alter the disease's natural course., (© 2022 Japan Pediatric Society.)
Published: 2022
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34. The effect of neck-trunk stabilization exercises in cerebral palsy: randomized controlled trial.

Author: Ejraei N, Ozer AY, Aydogdu O, Turkdogan D, and Polat MG
Abstract: Background: To investigate the effects of neck and trunk stabilization exercises on communication, speech performance, activities of daily living and quality of life in children with cerebral palsy (CP)., Methods: In this prospective, single-blinded, randomized controlled trial, forty children with CP were randomly assigned to Study and Control groups. The study group was received structured neck and trunk stabilization exercises in addition to NDT-B approach. Control group was received NDT-B approach. An oral-motor rehabilitation/therapy was trained to all children. Both groups' trainings were provided for six weeks, with a 45-minute session two times a week. Outcome measures were Communication Function Classification System and Visual Analogue Scale to evaluate communication level; Katz Scale to measure activities of daily living; Viking Speech Scale (VSS) to classify children's speech performance and Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory (PedsQL) to measure the quality of life., Results: The results showed that the communication level and Physical Functioning Score of PedsQL are increased significantly in the study group. VSS is found higher than control at 18th weeks for long term follow up in the study group., Conclusions: This study highlights the positive effects of stabilization exercises on children's speech performance, Physical Functioning of PedsQL and communication level. Additionally, children' communication skills between them and their caregivers have affected positively and so that this situation provides more qualified daily lives to the children.
Published: 2021
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35. Relationships Among 3 Movement Analysis Tests in Preterm Infants.

Author: Azim Rezaei D, Acar G, Turkdogan D, Unver O, and Kaya Narter F
Subjects: Birth Weight, Child Development, Female, Gestational Age, Humans, Infant, Infant, Newborn, Male, Motor Skills, Socioeconomic Factors, Disability Evaluation, Infant, Premature physiology, Movement physiology, Physical Therapy Modalities
Abstract: Purpose: To investigate the relationships among the Infant Motor Profile (IMP), the Neuro-Sensory Motor Developmental Assessment (NSMDA), and the Alberta Infant Motor Scale (AIMS) in prematurely born infants., Methods: Sixty-one preterm infants with a birth weight under 2500 g were assessed by the IMP, the NSMDA, and the AIMS., Results: There was a significant correlation between the IMP total score and the AIMS percentile and between the IMP total score and the NSMDA functional levels. There were significant correlations between the AIMS percentile age and the NSMDA functional levels and between the AIMS total scores and the IMP total scores. In the infants with atypical development, the relationship was significant between the AIMS and the IMP; however, there was no relationship between the IMP and the NSMDA., Conclusions: The 3 movement analysis tests are related. The IMP was found to be consistent with other movement analysis tests.
Published: 2019
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36. Ketogenic diet as a successful early treatment modality for SCN2A mutation.

Author: Turkdogan D, Thomas G, and Demirel B
Subjects: Anticonvulsants therapeutic use, Brain physiopathology, Electroencephalography, Epilepsy genetics, Epileptic Syndromes genetics, Female, Humans, Infant, Mutation, NAV1.2 Voltage-Gated Sodium Channel genetics, Phenotype, Seizures genetics, Sodium Channel Blockers therapeutic use, Spasms, Infantile genetics, Spasms, Infantile therapy, Diet, Ketogenic methods, NAV1.2 Voltage-Gated Sodium Channel physiology, Seizures therapy
Abstract: SCN2A mutations have been described in a very broad spectrum of clinical phenotypes including benign (familial) neonatal/infantile seizures and early infantile epileptic encephalopathies (EIEE) as Ohtahara syndrome (OS), Dravet syndrome (DS), epilepsy of infancy with migrating focal seizures and West syndrome (WS). Treatment modalities for epilepsy caused by SCN2A mutations mainly consist of sodium channel blockers but ketogenic diet (KD) is also considered as an option of treatment for intractible seizures caused by SCN2A mutations. Because of the wide nature of the heterogeneity of mutations related to SCN2A gene, the clinical phenotypes vary in severity and treatment response to KD has been reported to be controversial. We present a patient diagnosed with OS associated with a novel SCN2A mutation (c.408G > A, p.Met136lle; OMIM®: 182390) who had a complete resolution of seizures and EEG abnormalities with KD commenced at 39 days of age. As far as we are aware our case is the youngest patient with SCN2A mutation treated with KD with complete resolution of epilepsy at an early age and has been seizure free of antiepileptic medications for a long duration., (Copyright © 2018 The Japanese Society of Child Neurology. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)
Published: 2019
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37. A novel truncating mutation of DOCK7 gene with an early-onset non-encephalopathic epilepsy.

Author: Turkdogan D, Turkyilmaz A, Gormez Z, Sager G, and Ekinci G
Subjects: Child, Preschool, Guanine Nucleotide Exchange Factors, Humans, Male, Mutation, Epilepsy diagnosis, Epilepsy genetics, GTPase-Activating Proteins genetics
Published: 2019
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38. Familial early infantile epileptic encephalopathy and cardiac conduction disorder: A rare cause of SUDEP in infancy.

Author: Turkdogan D, Usluer S, Akalin F, Agyuz U, and Aslan ES
Subjects: Cardiac Conduction System Disease genetics, Child, Child, Preschool, Family, Fatal Outcome, Female, Humans, Infant, Male, Spasms, Infantile genetics, Cardiac Conduction System Disease complications, Death, Sudden etiology, GTP-Binding Protein beta Subunits genetics, Spasms, Infantile complications
Published: 2017
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39. CLINICAL REPORT OF A PATIENT WITH DE NOVO TRISOMY 12q23.1q24.33.

Author: Geckinli BB, Aydin H, Karaman A, Delil K, Simsek H, Gokmeydan E, and Turkdogan D
Subjects: Abnormalities, Multiple diagnosis, Abnormalities, Multiple genetics, Child, Preschool, Chromosomes, Human, Pair 12 genetics, Humans, In Situ Hybridization, Fluorescence, Male, Gene Duplication genetics, Noonan Syndrome diagnosis, Noonan Syndrome genetics, Trisomy diagnosis, Trisomy genetics
Abstract: We report a patient with a rare de novo duplication of 12q23.1-12q24.33 region with a 32.7 Mb gain, having similar features seen in previously reported isolated cases of duplications of the 12q23q24 region, such as growth retardation, neuromotor retardation, corpus callosum agenesis, dysmorphic features such as, hypertelorism, epicanthus, flat nasal bridge, low-set small ears, down-turned corners of the mouth, micrognathia, cryptorchidism and limb anomalies such as pes plano valgus, prominent heels and overriding toes. Our patient has Noonan-like features, such as short stature, short neck, epicanthal folds, ptosis of eyelids, hypertelorism, pectus excavatum, widely spaced nipples and cryptorchidism. Duplication of PTPN11 gene has been postulated as a mechanism for the Noonan syndrome. Phenotypic features and the genes involved in this region are important to further delineate the 12q23q24 phenotype.
Published: 2015

40. PRRT2 mutations are the major cause of benign familial infantile seizures.

Author: Schubert J, Paravidino R, Becker F, Berger A, Bebek N, Bianchi A, Brockmann K, Capovilla G, Dalla Bernardina B, Fukuyama Y, Hoffmann GF, Jurkat-Rott K, Anttonen AK, Kurlemann G, Lehesjoki AE, Lehmann-Horn F, Mastrangelo M, Mause U, Müller S, Neubauer B, Püst B, Rating D, Robbiano A, Ruf S, Schroeder C, Seidel A, Specchio N, Stephani U, Striano P, Teichler J, Turkdogan D, Vigevano F, Viri M, Bauer P, Zara F, Lerche H, and Weber YG
Subjects: Adolescent, Adult, Aged, Child, Child, Preschool, Humans, Infant, Male, Middle Aged, Mutation, Pedigree, Seizures, Febrile genetics, Membrane Proteins genetics, Nerve Tissue Proteins genetics, Spasms, Infantile genetics
Abstract: Mutations in PRRT2 have been described in paroxysmal kinesigenic dyskinesia (PKD) and infantile convulsions with choreoathetosis (PKD with infantile seizures), and recently also in some families with benign familial infantile seizures (BFIS) alone. We analyzed PRRT2 in 49 families and three sporadic cases with BFIS only of Italian, German, Turkish, and Japanese origin and identified the previously described mutation c.649dupC in an unstable series of nine cytosines to occur in 39 of our families and one sporadic case (77% of index cases). Furthermore, three novel mutations were found in three other families, whereas 17% of our index cases did not show PRRT2 mutations, including a large family with late-onset BFIS and febrile seizures. Our study further establishes PRRT2 as the major gene for BFIS alone., (© 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.)
Published: 2012
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41. A prevalence study of restless legs syndrome in Turkish children and adolescents.

Author: Turkdogan D, Bekiroglu N, and Zaimoglu S
Subjects: Adolescent, Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity diagnosis, Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity epidemiology, Child, Comorbidity, Cross-Sectional Studies, Diagnosis, Differential, Female, Humans, Male, Prevalence, Sleep Stages, Sleep Wake Disorders diagnosis, Sleep Wake Disorders epidemiology, Turkey epidemiology, Patient Acceptance of Health Care statistics & numerical data, Restless Legs Syndrome diagnosis, Restless Legs Syndrome epidemiology, Surveys and Questionnaires
Abstract: Objective: To determine the prevalence of restless legs syndrome (RLS) in Turkish school children and adolescents during the past 12 months., Methods: A cross-sectional population study conducted in three primary and four high schools was randomly selected in the Umraniye district of Istanbul. In the first step, a 7-item questionnaire including pediatric diagnostic criteria of RLS proposed by the International Restless Legs Study Group was given to 4346 students aged from 10 to 19 years in the classroom. Candidates for "definite RLS" or "probable RLS" were selected by a face-to-face interview done by an expert. In the second step, a 58-item questionnaire was administered to the families of the selected subjects. The questionnaire aimed to survey family history, parent's awareness, and their behaviors for seeking treatment, as well as the differential diagnosis and comorbid disorders of RLS., Results: Definite RLS was diagnosed in 119 (2.74%) of the subjects and was more prevalent in females (3.42%) compared to males (2.04%) (p=0.007). A family history of RLS was positive in 15.8% of the first-degree relatives of those 119 subjects. Less than half of the parents (45%) were aware of their children's symptoms and only 10.9% of these parents consulted medical centers. The most prevalent symptoms of sleep disturbances were restless sleep (28.6%) and daytime sleepiness (21%). Growing pains were reported in 54.5% of the 119 subjects with definite RLS. Symptoms of Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder were found in 15.3% of the 119 subjects., Conclusions: RLS is prevalent in Turkish children and adolescents although family awareness of RLS is relatively low., (Copyright © 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)
Published: 2011
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42. Two de novo mutations in the Na,K-ATPase gene ATP1A2 associated with pure familial hemiplegic migraine.

Author: Vanmolkot KR, Kors EE, Turk U, Turkdogan D, Keyser A, Broos LA, Kia SK, van den Heuvel JJ, Black DF, Haan J, Frants RR, Barone V, Ferrari MD, Casari G, Koenderink JB, and van den Maagdenberg AM
Subjects: Amino Acid Sequence, Chromosomes, Human, Pair 1, Female, HeLa Cells, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Molecular Sequence Data, Sequence Homology, Amino Acid, Sodium-Potassium-Exchanging ATPase metabolism, Hemiplegia genetics, Migraine Disorders genetics, Mutation, Sodium-Potassium-Exchanging ATPase genetics
Abstract: Familial hemiplegic migraine (FHM) is a rare autosomal dominantly inherited subtype of migraine, in which hemiparesis occurs during the aura. The majority of the families carry mutations in the CACNA1A gene on chromosome 19p13 (FHM1). About 20% of FHM families is linked to chromosome 1q23 (FHM2), and has mutations in the ATP1A2 gene, encoding the alpha2-subunit of the Na,K-ATPase. Mutation analysis in a Dutch and a Turkish family with pure FHM revealed two novel de novo missense mutations, R593W and V628M, respectively. Cellular survival assays support the hypothesis that both mutations are disease-causative. The identification of the first de novo mutations underscores beyond any doubt the involvement of the ATP1A2 gene in FHM2.
Published: 2006
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43. Characteristic and overlapping features of migraine and tension-type headache.

Author: Turkdogan D, Cagirici S, Soylemez D, Sur H, Bilge C, and Turk U
Subjects: Adolescent, Child, Humans, Migraine Disorders diagnosis, Surveys and Questionnaires, Tension-Type Headache diagnosis, Migraine Disorders physiopathology, Tension-Type Headache physiopathology
Abstract: Objective: This epidemiological survey was conducted to investigate comprehensive characteristic and overlapping features of migraine and tension-type headache (TTH) disorders classified based on International Classification of Headache Disorders-II., Methods: The stratified cohort of this study was composed of 2504 schoolchildren aged 10 to 17 years. A 38-item questionnaire inquiring all characteristic features of primary headache syndromes mandatory for classification was applied to selected 483 children with recurrent headache in the last 6 months., Results: Migraine was diagnosed in 227 (47.0%) of 483 children and TTH in 154 (31.9%). Out of 125 children with definite migraine, 73 (58.4%) reported tension-type symptoms and 94 (68.1%) of 138 children with definite TTH reported migraine-type symptoms. Pressing pain (21%) and lack of aggravation of pain by physical activity (34%) were the major tension-type features in patients with migraine. Throbbing quality (43%) and aggravation by physical activity (30%) determined the main migraine-type features in patients with TTH., Conclusion: The frequent co-occurrence of migraine and TTH symptoms suggests the presence of a common pathogenesis.
Published: 2006
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44. Involvement of sympathetic reflex activity in patients with acute and chronic stroke: A comparison with functional motor capacity.

Author: Muslumanoglu L, Aki S, Turkdogan D, Us O, and Akyuz G
Subjects: Acute Disease, Aged, Case-Control Studies, Chronic Disease, Cross-Sectional Studies, Electric Stimulation, Female, Humans, Male, Median Nerve physiopathology, Middle Aged, Neural Conduction physiology, Reaction Time physiology, Motor Activity physiology, Reflex physiology, Stroke physiopathology, Sympathetic Nervous System physiopathology
Abstract: Objective: To investigate sympathetic nervous system functions in patients with acute and chronic phase of stroke by measuring sympathetic skin reflex (SSR) and the relationship between sympathetic dysfunction and motor function capacity., Design: Cross-sectional, case-control study., Setting: A physical medicine and rehabilitation department in a research hospital of a university referral center in Turkey., Participants: Fifty-six patients with stroke-13 in the acute phase and 43 in the chronic phase-and 42 age- and sex-matched healthy volunteers were included., Intervention: SSR was recorded with electric stimulation of the bilateral median nerves., Main Outcome Measures: SSR was recorded to assess sympathetic reflex activity in patients in the acute and chronic phase of stroke and in controls. Motor functions was classified using the Brunnstrom stages., Results: The mean SSR latency in the acute phase was significantly prolonged and the amplitudes were decreased compared with controls. In the chronic phase, the mean amplitudes were significantly attenuated compared with controls, whereas the mean latency did not change. The mean latency of SSR in patients in Brunnstrom groups 1 and 2 was longer, and the mean amplitude was smaller than in controls (P<.05). The mean amplitude was significantly reduced in patients classified as Brunnstrom groups 3 and 4 compared with controls (P<.05), but the mean latency was not affected., Conclusions: Depression of sympathetic reflex activity was more prominent in the acute phase of stroke and was associated with moderate or highly limited motor function capacity. Improvement of motor dysfunction may parallel recovery of sympathetic reflex activity.
Published: 2004
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45. Visual and auditory event related potentials in epileptic children: a comparison with normal and abnormal MRI findings.

Author: Turkdogan D, Us O, and Akyuz G
Subjects: Adolescent, Adult, Child, Epilepsy diagnostic imaging, Event-Related Potentials, P300 physiology, Female, Humans, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Male, Radiography, Brain pathology, Epilepsy physiopathology, Evoked Potentials, Auditory physiology, Evoked Potentials, Visual physiology
Abstract: Visual and auditory event related potentials (VERPs and AERPs) in 32 epileptic children with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) abnormalities and 18 with normal MRI were recorded and compared to the data of 21 healthy children. Of all 50 epileptic children (34 male, 16 female) aged 14.42+/-4.27 (7-20) years, 21 were medically intractable and receiving polytherapy. The mean latencies of N2 and P3 components of VERPs and AERPs in all epileptic children were significantly higher than those of the controls (P<0.05). Epileptic children with structural abnormalities had more prolonged latencies of N2 and P3 components of AERPs and VERPs than those of the healthy children (P<0.05). The epileptic children with normal MRI had significantly more prolonged latency of N2 and P3 of VERPs and P3 of AERPs than those of the controls (P<0.05). The difference of the mean latency of N2 and P3 components or the mean amplitude of P3 components of ERPs between the two epileptic groups was insignificant. The type of medication (mono- versus polytherapy) did not affect the wave components of ERPs. We suggest that epileptic activity, itself, leads to prolonged N2 and P3 components of AERPs and VERPs. The presence of structural abnormality indicated by imaging is not a predictor of ERPs abnormalities.
Published: 2003
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46. Lipid peroxidation and antioxidative enzyme activities in childhood epilepsy.

Author: Turkdogan D, Toplan S, and Karakoc Y
Subjects: Adolescent, Anticonvulsants therapeutic use, Child, Child, Preschool, Electroencephalography, Epilepsy drug therapy, Epilepsy enzymology, Female, Glutathione Peroxidase blood, Humans, Infant, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Male, Malondialdehyde blood, Superoxide Dismutase blood, Treatment Outcome, Epilepsy metabolism, Lipid Peroxidation
Abstract: This study aimed to investigate the relationship among lipid peroxidation, subsequent activation of scavenger enzymes (superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase), and the presence of structural abnormality in 52 epileptic children receiving monotherapy (medically responsive) or polytherapy (medically intractable). Plasma lipid peroxidation in epileptic patients with abnormal magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings significantly increased as compared with that of 16 healthy children (P < .05), whereas antioxidant enzymes were not significantly affected. Both medically controlled and intractable children with normal MRI had higher activities of superoxide dismutase than those of controls (P < .05). The activity of superoxide dismutase in epileptic patients with structural abnormality did not significantly change as compared with controls. Activity of glutathione peroxidase in all of the epileptic children was not significantly different from controls. The activity of antioxidant enzymes or plasma malonyldialdehyde levels did not correlate with duration of epilepsy, frequency of seizures (> one seizure per month or not), and the presence or localization (focal, multifocal, or generalized) of electroencephalographic or MRI abnormalities. Increased plasma lipid peroxidation may be causally related to the presence of structural abnormality rather than ongoing epileptic activity or therapy status.
Published: 2002
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