Search

Abstract: Shear wave elastography (SWE) is an ultrasound method that effectively demonstrates liver fibrosis. This prospective study aimed to compare magnetic resonance imaging T2* and SWE results of the liver in children with thalassemia major (TM). Patients with TM who had regular follow-ups were included. SWE was performed first, followed by MRI T2*. In addition, a healthy control group of the same age group, known to have no liver disease, was recruited. For these participants, only SWE was performed, and their results were compared with the SWE parameters of the TM patients. The study included 38 patients and 25 individuals who made up the control group. The groups with mild, moderate, and severe iron overload according to MRI T2* were compared in terms of SWE with parameters, and no statistically significant difference was found. However, when comparing the SWE parameters between the control group and patients, the median, average, and standard values were found to be statistically significantly higher in the patient group (P < 0.001, P < 0.001, P = 0.026). When comparing MRI T2* results, the median, average, and standard values were found to be statistically significantly higher in the patients with normal and mild iron overload (P < 0.001, P < 0.001, P = 0.033). SWE is an effective, more accessible, and easy-to-apply method for demonstrating early changes in the liver in pediatric patients with TM. This study serves as a guide for more comprehensive studies that may investigate the effect of SWE in this patient group., Competing Interests: All authors have completed the ICMJE uniform disclosure form. The authors declare no conflict of interest., (Copyright © 2024 Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc. All rights reserved.)

Purpose: In this study, we aimed to evaluate the differences in vascularity between the testis on the inguinal hernia (IH) side and the contralateral healthy testis by performing preoperative and postoperative (first month) examinations with superb microvascular imaging ultrasonography (SMI USG), and to compare results with power Doppler (PD) USG., Methods: In this prospective cohort study, 35 patients diagnosed with IH between April 2023 and July 2023 who were hospitalized in the general surgery ward of a tertiary hospital for IH surgery were evaluated., Results: The postoperative vascular index (VI) values obtained by SMI were found to be significantly lower than preoperative VI values in both operated and non-operated testes (p < 0.001). The VI values obtained with PD in the postoperative period were significantly lower in the operated and nonoperated testes on both sides compared with the VI values obtained in the preoperative period (p < 0.001 and p = 0.029, respectively). There was a significant difference between preoperative and postoperative VI difference values obtained by SMI and PD on the operated side (p = 0.015)., Conclusion: In our study examining patients who had undergone IH surgery, testicular vascularity was assessed more precisely with the SMI USG method compared with the PD method., (© 2024 Wiley Periodicals LLC.)

Background: We aimed to explore the prevalence of prolonged symptoms, pulmonary impairments and residual disease on chest tomography (CT) in COVID-19 patients at 6 months after acute illness. Methods: In this prospective, single-center study, hospitalized patients with radiologically and laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 were included. Results: A high proportion of the 116 patients reported persistent symptoms (n = 54; 46.6%). On follow-up CT, 33 patients (28.4%) demonstrated residual disease. Multivariate analyses revealed that only neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio was an independent predictor for residual disease. Conclusion: Hospitalized patients with mild/moderate COVID-19 still had persistent symptoms and were prone to develop long-term pulmonary sequelae on chest CT. However, it did not have a significant effect on long-term pulmonary functions.

To investigate the relationship between lesion size determined using multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging (mpMRI) and histopathological findings of specimens obtained after mpMRI fusion biopsy and radical prostatectomy (RP). We retrospectively analysed 290 patients with PCa who underwent an MRI fusion biopsy. We measured the diameter of suspicious tumour lesions on diffusion-weighted mpMRI and stratified the cohort into two groups. Group A included patients with a suspicious tumour lesion 10 mm and Group B included those with a suspicious tumour lesion &gt; 10 mm. In Group B, the PI-RADS score determined in mpMRI was higher than Group A, and there was a statistically significant difference between the two groups in terms of clinical T-stage. The PCa detection rate and the number of positive cores were statistically significantly higher in Group B than in Group A. In addition, there was a statistically significant difference between the two groups in relation to the biopsy, the International Society of Urological Pathology (ISUP) grade values, and the presence of clinically significant PCa. In Group B, pathological T-stage and extraprostatic extension (EPE) and surgical margin (SM) positivity were found to be higher among the patients who underwent RP. In the multivariate analysis, the mpMRI lesion size being &gt; 10 mm was found to be an independent predictive factor for SM and EPE positivity. The clinical results of this study support the modification of the lesion size threshold as 10 mm for use in the differentiation of PI-RADS scores 4 and 5.

In this study, we investigated the elasticity of the optic nerve using shear wave elastography (SWE) in patients with Behçet's Disease (BD) and compare findings with a healthy control group. Optic nerve measurements of 40 eyes in the BD group and 38 eyes in the control group were performed by SWE (SWE-right and SWE-left). The mean age of the individuals in the BD group was higher than controls (p = 0.022). The SWE measurement results in the right eye were significantly higher in the BD group (p = 0.005), while SWE-left values were similar in the two groups (p = 0.206). There was a moderate positive correlation between age and SWE-right (r = 0.347, p = 0.031), there was no correlation between SWE-left and age (p = 0.756). It was found that SWE-right had significant value in distinguishing between BD and healthy controls (sensitivity: 75%, specificity: 78.9%; p = 0.005); whereas, SWE-left did not (p = 0.206). In the multiple logistic regression analysis, after adjusting for age and sex, the performance of SWE-right to distinguish BD patients from controls was found to remain significant (OR: 15.045, 95% CI: 2.33-97.120, p = 0.004). Due to the fact that only SWE-right values appear to have significant discriminatory performance for BD, it is feasible to suggest that the frequency and severity of BD involvement are associated with SWE-related changes in the optic nerve. This finding indicates the need for more comprehensive studies evaluating optic nerve SWE values in this context., Competing Interests: Declaration of Competing Interest The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest., (Copyright © 2022 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)

Dermoid cysts (DCs) are benign, congenital tumors that comprise 0.04-0.6% of all intracranial tumors. DC rupture is a rare complication and usually occurs spontaneously. The most common localisations of intracranial DCs are the posterior fossa, and suprasellar and parasellar regions. The presentations of DCs are highly variable. They are often detected incidentally on computed tomography (CT) or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans while investigating the cause of seizure or headache. Prepontine cystern is a rare localisation for intracranial DCs. To the best of our knowledge, only four cases have been reported in the literature so far. We present MRI and CT findings of a patient with DC, which ruptured into the subarachnoid space extending from the right Meckel's cave to the prepontine cistern. Key Words: Dermoid cysts, Meckel's cave, Prepontine cistern, Rupture.

Introduction: In this study, we aimed to measure the change in penile stiffness by evaluating corpus cavernosum (CC) with shear wave elastography (SWE) in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)., Material and Methods: Seventy outpatient patients aged 50-80 years who were diagnosed with COPD were evaluated using SWE. Patients were divided into 2 groups according to the International Index of Erectile Function-5 (IIEF-5) questionnaire (IIEF-5 >17: Group A, IIEF-5 <17: Group B). The measurements were made in both transverse and longitudinal sections., Results: The mean age of the patients was 60 ±7.9 years. The duration of COPD was significantly higher in Group B than in Group A (p = 0.003). The mean SWE values of right transverse mid-portion of corpus penis (RTM) and left transverse mid-portion of corpus penis (LTM) in Group B (21.1 ±5.6 kPa and 20.8 ±4.8 kPa, respectively) were significantly higher than in Group A (15.2 ±2.3 kPa and 15.8 ±2.7 kPa, respectively); (p <0.001 and p <0.001, respectively). There was a significant negative correlation between IIEF-5 scores and the duration of COPD (p <0.05). There was a significant negative correlation between IIEF values and RTM and LTM values of the patients (p <0.05 and p <0.05, respectively). There was a significant positive correlation between the duration of COPD and both RTM and LTM values (p <0.05 and p <0.05, respectively)., Conclusions: In our study, according to the SWE findings, we showed the effect of systemic changes created by COPD on penile tissue and the negative effect of this on erectile function in patients., Competing Interests: The authors declare that they have no conflicts of interest., (Copyright by Polish Urological Association.)

The aim of our study is to compare 2 prostate fusion biopsy models in terms of accurate target sampling. One hundred patients who had Prostate Imaging-Reporting and Data System score 3, 4, or 5 lesions (lesion diameter, >5 mm in long axis) in multiparametric-magnetic resonance imaging and prostate-specific antigen levels between 3 and 10 ng/mL were enrolled in the study. All patients were biopsy naive. Two groups were composed with 50 patients each. Group 1 patients had cognitive fusion (CF) biopsy, and group 2 had magnetic resonance-ultrasound fusion platform biopsy. After fusion biopsy, standard biopsy was also performed. Outcomes of histopathologic and demographic data were evaluated statistically. There were no statistical differences between the 2 groups in terms of age, prostate-specific antigen levels, prostate volume, and lesion length (P > 0.05). There was no statistically significant difference in sampling targeted lesions (P > 0.05). Also, no difference was found between the 2 groups in terms of random biopsy cancer detection rates (P > 0.05). There was no statistically significant difference between CF and magnetic resonance-ultrasound fusion in terms of cancer detection rates. For the experienced operators, we recommend lesions that are longer than 5 mm can be sampled using CF, an inexpensive and faster technique.

Objective: Minimally invasive techniques are used increasingly by virtue of advancements in technology. Surgery for prostate cancer, which has high morbidity, is performed with an increasing momentum based on the successful oncological and functional outcomes as well as cosmetic aspects., Materials and Methods: 62 patients underwent robot-assisted perineal radical prostatectomy (R-PRP) surgery at our clinic between November 2016 and August 2017. Six pelvimetric dimensions were defined and measured by performing multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging (mpMRI) prior to operation in all patients. In light of these data, we aimed to investigate the effect of pelvimetric measurements on surgery duration and surgical margin positivity., Results: By using this technique in pelvic area, we observed that measurements only representing surgical site and excluding other pelvic organs had a significant effect on surgery duration, and pelvic dimensions had no significant effect on surgical margin positivity., Conclusion: In R-PRP technique, peroperative findings and oncological outcomes can vary depending on several variable factors, but although usually not taken into account, pelvimetric measurements can also affect these outcomes. However, there is a need for randomised controlled trials to be conducted with more patients., Competing Interests: None declared., (Copyright® by the International Brazilian Journal of Urology.)

In this study, we aimed to evaluate the diagnostic value of thyroid imaging reporting and data system (TIRADS) in the estimation of malignancy and assess the concordance between TIRADS and the histopathology results of the postoperative specimens. Consecutive ultrasound imaging records of patients with multinodular goiter from January 2010 to December 2017 who underwent surgery were retrospectively reviewed. The risk of malignancy of each TIRADS category was determined, and correlation with pathology was assessed. The patients with malignant cytology findings (Bethesda 6) who were categorized TIRADS 6 were excluded from the study. The positive and negative predictive values, sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy of the TIRADS classification were calculated on a 2 × 2 table with their own formulas. A total of 1457 patients were evaluated, and 1122 of these were included in the study. The risk of malignancy for nodules evaluated as TIRADS 2 was 0.6 per cent, TIRADS 3 was 13.1 per cent, TIRADS 4a was 20 per cent, TIRADS 4b was 61.1 per cent, TIRADS 4c was 85.7 per cent, and TIRADS 5 was 93.3 per cent. The positive predictive value of TIRADS classification was found to be 43.4 per cent, negative predictive value was found to be 90.7 per cent, sensitivity was found to be 78 per cent, specificity was found to be 68.4 per cent, and accuracy was found to be 70.7 per cent for our institution. The TIRADS classification based on suspicious ultrasound findings is reliable in predicting thyroid malignancy and can be routinely used in daily practice.

Background: Conventional imaging modalities are inadequate to evaluate locoregional extension of prostate cancer (PCa). The aim of the current retrospective study was to investigate the diagnostic efficacy of Gallium-68 prostate-specific membrane antigen-11 (Ga-68 PSMA-11) positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) and multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging (mp-MRI) for staging preoperative PCa patients with correlating histopathology., Materials and Methods: Twenty-four patients with histologically proven PCa underwent both Ga-68 PSMA-11 PET/CT and mp-MRI before robot-assisted laparoscopic radical prostatectomy. For each tumor area, correlations with histopathological results were defined for tumor localization, extraprostatic extension (EPE) of the tumor, invasion of seminal vesicle (SVI) and bladder neck invasion (BNI). In patients with regional lymph node (LN) dissection, histopathological results were also correlated with imaging modalities., Results: Sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value, and accuracy for detection of EPE and SVI were higher for mp-MRI than Ga-68 PSMA-11 PET/CT. On the other hand Ga-68 PSMA-11 PET/CT had significant successful results for detection of LN metastases when compared with mp-MRI. But for BNI detection both modalities had same insufficient results. Ga-68 PSMA-11 PET/CT had strong results for appropriate tumor localization in the gland., Conclusion: Ga-68 PSMA PET/CT has superior results for assessing local LN metastases and for intraprostatic tumor localization. Whereas, mp-MRI must be the preferred modality for determining SVI and EPE. But both imaging modalities failed for determining BNI accurately. Both modalities should be used in conjunction with each other for better treatment planning., (© 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.)

Objectives: Extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy (ESWL) is a method used frequently for the treatment of renal stone disease. Although its safety is proven, there are still concerns about its unwanted effects on kidneys. In this prospective study, we aimed to evaluate renal tissue alterations with shear wave elastography (SWE) after ESWL. We also studied the correlation between SWE and resistive index (RI) changes., Methods: The study included 59 patients who underwent ESWL treatment for renal stone disease. We performed SWE and color Doppler ultrasonography to calculate SWE and RI values before, 1 hour after, and 1 week after lithotripsy treatment. A binary comparison was performed by the Bonferroni test. The correlation between SWE and RI values was evaluated by a Pearson correlation analysis., Results: The patients included 26 women (44.1%) and 33 men (55.9%). Their ages ranged from 20 to 65 years (mean ± SD, 45.0 ± 1.1 years). Stone diameters ranged from 7 to 19 mm (mean, 13.0 ± 0.5 mm). There was a significant difference in SWE values before and 1 hour after lithotripsy treatment (P = .001; P < .01). In the follow-up measurement 1 week after treatment, this difference disappeared (P > .99; P > .05). Resistive index values increased significantly 1 hour after lithotripsy treatment and returned to prelithotripsy values 1 week after treatment. In the correlation analysis, SWE and RI values were not correlated., Conclusions: Measurements of alterations in SWE values after ESWL can provide useful information about renal tissue injury., (© 2017 by the American Institute of Ultrasound in Medicine.)

Purpose: To compare efficancy of three-dimentional SPACE (sampling perfection with application-optimized contrasts using different flip-angle evolutions) and CISS (constructive interference in steady state) sequences in the imaging of the cisternal segments of cranial nerves V-XII., Methods: Temporal MRI scans from 50 patients (F:M ratio, 27:23; mean age, 44.5±15.9 years) admitted to our hospital with vertigo, tinnitus, and hearing loss were retrospectively analyzed. All patients had both CISS and SPACE sequences. Quantitative analysis of SPACE and CISS sequences was performed by measuring the ventricle-to-parenchyma contrast-to-noise ratio (CNR). Qualitative analysis of differences in visualization capability, image quality, and severity of artifacts was also conducted. A score ranging 'no artefact' to 'severe artefacts and unreadable' was used for the assessment of artifacts and from 'not visualized' to 'completely visualized' for the assesment of image quality, respectively. The distribution of variables was controlled by the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test. Samples t-test and McNemar's test were used to determine statistical significance., Results: Rates of visualization of posterior fossa cranial nerves in cases of complete visualization were as follows: nerve V (100% for both sequences), nerve VI (94% in SPACE, 86% in CISS sequences), nerves VII-VIII (100% for both sequences), IX-XI nerve complex (96%, 88%); nerve XII (58%, 46%) (p<0.05). SPACE sequences showed fewer artifacts than CISS sequences (p<0.002)., (Copyright © 2017 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)

Purpose: To evaluate the variations of the sternum and provide the prevalence of sternal foramen and its anatomical relationships., Methods: In this retrospective study, 544 subjects ranging in age from 18 to 95 years were evaluated. Sternal variations, prevalence of sternal foramen and its anatomical relationships to mediastinal structures were examined with the axial, sagittal and coronal reformat images of the patients who underwent thoracic computerized tomography., Results: In 500 subjects, following sternal variations were found: sternal sclerotic band in 120 (24%), sternal cleft in 3 (0.6%), sternal foramen in 26 (5.2%), focal cortical notch and defect in 44 (8.8%) patients. The manubriosternal fusion was partial in 65 (13%) patients and complete in 112 (22.4%) patients. The sternoxiphoid fusion was partial in 201 (40.2%) and complete in 153 (30.6%) patients. There was no xiphoid process in 9 patients (1.8%; 29-51 years; mean age 38 years). Xiphoidal ending types were as follows: single-ended 361 (72.2%), double-ended 125 (25%), and triple-ended xiphoid 5 (1%) patients. The sternal foramen was adjacent to the lung in 13 (2.6%), to the pericardium of heart in 3 (0.6%), and to mediastinal fat in 10 (2%) patients., Conclusion: The sternum is a very critical anatomic structure of the anterior chest wall with several variations that can be confused with pathologic conditions. Radiologists' familiarity with these variations is important for better radiologic evaluation in making differential diagnosis.

Objective: Our aim was to evaluate the feasibility of using shear wave elastography (SWE) to assess first extensor compartment tendons rigidity and its alterations with tenosynovitis., Materials and Methods: We performed B-mode ultrasound and SWE to total number of 80 participants. All participants were evaluated clinically to call the diagnosis of de Quervain tenosynovitis or to rule out the diagnosis. We composed 2 groups. Group 1 included 40 healthy volunteers (33 females and 7 male participants with ages ranging from 24 to 60 years, median age was 37.5 years) and group 2 had 40 de Quervain patients (32 females and 8 male patients with ages ranging from 25 to 51 years, median age was 34 years). SWE measurements were repeated 3 times and arithmetic average was used for the final SWE value., Results: The median SWE value of healthy group (group 1) was 72kPa and the de Quervain patient group (group 2) was 29kPa. Two groups demonstrated statistically significant difference (p<0.001). The ROC curve analysis was performed and the SWE value of 40.5kPA was calculated as a cut-off value for the diagnosis of de Quervain tenosynovitis with 95% specificity and 85% sensitivity., Conclusion: SWE modality can provide useful data regarding de Quervain tenosynovitis., (Copyright © 2017 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)

Objectives: Elasticity measurements of tissues can be valuable in the diagnosis and management of various diseases. The aim of this study was to determine the elasticity values for normal liver, kidney, and spleen of healthy newborns and infants using shear wave elastography (SWE) imaging., Methods: A total of 50 healthy term newborns and infants (19 girls and 31 boys; mean age 20.1 days, range 1 to 70 days) were examined by an experienced pediatric radiologist using SWE. None of them had any liver, kidney or spleen disease, or any other systemic disease that could affect these organs secondarily. All newborns and infants had a normal abdominal ultrasound scan., Results: Age, sex, weight, height, and body mass index had no significant effects on shear wave velocity (SWV) values of liver and spleen. The SWV values of both kidneys decreased with age, weight, height, and body mass index. The mean SWV values were 1.70 m/s (range: 1.23-2.43 m/s) for the liver, 1.69 m/s (range: 0.8-2.40 m/s) for the right kidney, 1.70 m/s (range: 0.9-2.49 m/s) for the left kidney, and 2.03 m/s (range: 1.28-2.48 m/s) for the spleen., Conclusions: Shear wave elastography can be used to measure liver, kidney, and spleen elasticity in newborns and infants. The standard values for abdominal organs allow differentiation of healthy versus pathological tissue. We measured the normal values of SWE in healthy newborns and infants as reference data., (© 2017 by the American Institute of Ultrasound in Medicine.)

Introduction: Erectile dysfunction (ED) is a common health problem among males, and radiology has limited use in its diagnosis and treatment. Shear wave elastography (SWE) is a new sonographic technique. In this study, we examined the significance of SWE in the diagnosis of ED., Methods: The study included a total number of 70 participants. The mean age of the participants was 54.14 ± 8.03 years (range: 39 and 71 years old). We composed two groups. Group 1 had 35 patients who presented to the urology clinic in our hospital complaining of ED, and had a score of 17 or lower from the International Index of Erectile Function (IIEF) questionnaire. Group 2 consisted of 35 healthy volunteers who did not have ED. SWE measurements were performed from corpus cavernosum penis in both groups, and the results were noted. Differences between the groups were evaluated statistically., Results: The difference between the mean SWE measurements of two groups (Group 1: 20.94 ± 6.23 kPa and group 2: 24.63 ± 7.58 kPa) was found to be statistically significant ( p  = 0.027; p  < 0.05). For a cut-off value of 17.1 kPa, the SWE method has specificity, sensitivity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value regarding diagnosis of ED as 94.29%, 34.29%, 85.71%, and 58.93%, respectively. The mean age of the groups did not show a statistically significant difference ( p  = 0.287; p  > 0.05)., Conclusions: Due to its high specificity and positive predictive value, SWE can offer useful data in the radiologic evaluation of ED cases.

Our goal was to evaluate the role of ultrasound (US) imaging in an experimental 2-hit steatofibrosis rat model. Nineteen female Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into 2 groups: control group (n = 6) and high-fat diet carbontetrachloride (HFD-CCl4) group (n = 13) that was fed with HFD for 14 weeks. Ultrasound was performed to evaluate liver steatosis. The HFD-CCl4 group rats were divided further into 2 subgroups: HFD rats with liver steatosis [US (+) group; n = 6] and without steatosis [US (-) group; n = 7]. All rats in the subgroups were administered with CCl4. In both US (+) and US (-) subgroups, steatosis score, fibrosis score, triglyceride, and hydroxyproline contents were markedly higher compared with the control group. When compared with the US (-) group, triglyceride and hydroxyproline contents were significantly higher in the US (+) group, whereas steatosis and fibrosis scores were not different. Ultrasound imaging may be useful to assess the success of a 2-hit experimental steatofibrosis model.

Objective: The goal of this study was to measure corpus cavernosum (CC) penis rigidity with shear wave elastography (SWE) in healthy volunteers and to evaluate the change of rigidity with age., Methods: SWE was performed in 60 healthy volunteers (age range 20-71, mean 47±12,83 years). Volunteers were divided into 2 groups by age (Group 1 age <50, group 2 age ≥50). We assessed SWE in 3 parts of penis (proximal, middle and glans penis) on both sides of CC. All values of SWE (in kilo Pascal) were noted along with volunteers' ages. The measurements were done both with transverse (T) and longitudinal (L) sections. We compared all SW values of penis parts and their alterations with age., Results: The shear wave elastography values of CC penis increased with increasing age (p<0,01). There was no significant difference between both sides of CC penis (p<0,05). We calculated no significant difference between T and L sections of all parts of penis (p<0,05)., Conclusions: SWE can provide noninvasive quantitative data of CC penis rigidity and its alteration with age. These data may create a new approach in the evaluation process and treatment options for penile pathologies., (Copyright © 2017 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)

Morphometric analysis of the mandibular ramus (MR) provides highly accurate data to discriminate sex. The objective of this study was to demonstrate the utility and accuracy of MR morphometric analysis for sex identification in a Turkish population.Four hundred fifteen Turkish patients (18-60 y; 201 male and 214 female) who had previously had multidetector computed tomography scans of the cranium were included in the study. Multidetector computed tomography images were obtained using three-dimensional reconstructions and a volume-rendering technique, and 8 linear and 3 angular values were measured. Univariate, bivariate, and multivariate discriminant analyses were performed, and the accuracy rates for determining sex were calculated.Mandibular ramus values produced high accuracy rates of 51% to 95.6%. Upper ramus vertical height had the highest rate at 95.6%, and bivariate analysis showed 89.7% to 98.6% accuracy rates with the highest ratios of mandibular flexure upper border and maximum ramus breadth. Stepwise discrimination analysis gave a 99% accuracy rate for all MR variables.Our study showed that the MR, in particular morphometric measures of the upper part of the ramus, can provide valuable data to determine sex in a Turkish population. The method combines both anthropological and radiologic studies.

Objective: De Quervain tenosynovitis affects the first extensor compartment of the wrist and occurs more frequently in females. This high prevalence could not be explained by soft tissue. As the osseous anatomy has been mostly neglected, we aimed to compare the distal radius between the sexes., Materials and Methods: We evaluated the presence of a bony ridge on the floor of the first extensor compartment on CT images with multiplanar imaging., Results: We included 244 wrists (72 females, 172 males) in the study. A bony ridge was present in 58 (23.8 %) and absent in 186 (76.2 %) wrists. A ridge was present in 24 (33.3 %) wrists among females and 34 (19.8 %) wrists among males. A groove with a bony ridge was statistically associated with females., Conclusion: We observed two tendon groove morphologies for the first extensor compartment. A groove with a bony ridge occurs more frequently in females. Further research is needed to clarify the relationship between the high frequency of a bony ridge and increased prevalence of de Quervain tenosynovitis in females.

A woman was referred to our hospital with the working diagnosis of ovarian malignancy. While she was undergoing both clinical and radiological evaluation and monitoring, a decrease in the size of the ovarian mass was noted. After further evaluation via laboratory findings and tissue biopsy, we arrived at a final diagnosis of sarcoidosis, which is very unusual in the ovaries. Our case places emphasis on the importance of considering rare entities, such as ovarian sarcoidosis, and the importance of radiologic changes in solid ovarian mass dimensions over time.

In the differential diagnosis of perineal cystic lesions, a wide range of lesions can be considered, but perineal epidermoid cyst is rare. We present a case of perineal epidermoid cyst, a man with a complaint of painless perianal mass who appeared at the general surgery clinic. Ultrasonographic and conventional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings are noted along with the diffusion-weighted MRI findings. To our knowledge, there has been no specific study in the literature up to now focusing on the value of diffusion-weighted MRI findings in the differential diagnosis of perineal cystic lesions; this technique may be useful.

Purpose: To evaluate diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) features and signal intensity values at T2-weighted magnetic resonance (MR) imaging for differential diagnosis of benign retroperitoneal fibrosis (RPF) and plaque-like retroperitoneal malignant neoplasms., Materials and Methods: Institutional review board approval and informed consent were obtained for this retrospective study. Fifty-one patients with plaque-like confluent retroperitoneal soft-tissue masses were divided into three groups: group I, 25 patients with malignant RPF and retroperitoneal malignant neoplasm; group II, 16 patients with chronic RPF; and group III, 10 patients with active RPF. On T1-weighted (unenhanced and contrast material-enhanced), T2-weighted, and DWI (b = 1000 sec/mm(2)) images, apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) values and quotients of postcontrast signal intensities between lesions and psoas muscle were evaluated. The χ(2) test was used to compare categorical values; one-way analysis of variance and Kruskal-Wallis tests were used to compare groups., Results: Overall sensitivity, specificity, and positive and negative predictive values of DWI findings were 92% (23 of 25 patients), 62% (16 of 26 patients), 70% (23 of 33 patients), and 89% (16 of 18 patients), respectively. Mean ADC values were 0.79 ± 0.19 in group I, 1.43 ± 0.16 in group II, and 0.91 ± 0.14 in group III. When comparing values, differences between groups I and II (ADC values, P < .0001; DWI quotients, P < .0001; postcontrast quotients, P = .001) and groups II and III (ADC values, P < .0001; DWI quotients, P = .016; postcontrast quotients, P = .04) were significant. There was no significant difference between groups I and III or between the three groups when T2-weighted values were compared., Conclusion: ADC of chronic RPF was higher than that for active RPF or malignant RPF and retroperitoneal malignant neoplasm. DWI can contribute to differential diagnosis of chronic RPF and malignant neoplasms with RPF morphology. Lesions in the malignant group and active RPF group had similar enhancement patterns, while those in the chronic RPF group demonstrated less enhancement. Signal intensity values on T2-weighted images were not useful for differentiating these conditions.

Radiologists inspect CT scans and record their observations in reports to communicate with physicians. These reports may suffer from ambiguous language and inconsistencies resulting from subjective reporting styles, which present challenges in interpretation. Standardization efforts, such as the lexicon RadLex for radiology terms, aim to address this issue by developing standard vocabularies. While such vocabularies handle consistent annotation, they fall short in sufficiently processing reports for intelligent applications. To support such applications, the semantics of the concepts as well as their relationships must be modeled, for which, ontologies are effective. They enable the software to make inferences beyond what is present in the reports. This paper presents the open-source ontology onlira (Ontology of the Liver for Radiology), which is developed to support such intelligent applications, such as identifying and ranking similar liver patient cases. onlira is introduced in terms of its concepts, properties, and relations. Examples of real liver patient cases are provided for illustration purposes. The ontology is evaluated in terms of its ability to express real liver patient cases and address semantic queries.