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Background/aim: Our aim is to determine the caregiver burden of chronic obstructive lung disease (COPD) patient's caregivers, and to determine whether there is a workday loss. Materials and methods: 252 COPD patients and their caregivers were included. Disease information of the patients were recorded and a questionnaire was applied. Socio-demographic characteristics of the caregivers were recorded and a questionnaire consisting of 24 questions including COPD disease, treatment and loss of working days, and the Zarit Scale were used. Results: 128(50.8%) of the patients according to GOLD were group-D, 97(38.5%) of the patient's relatives were working, 62(24.7%) were not able to go to work for 1-14 days, and 125(57.1%) spent outside the home from 1-14 nights, because those accompanied to patients. In univariate analysis were detected modified medical research council (mMRC) (p < 0.001), CAT (p < 0.001), the number of comorbidities of patients (p = 0.027), forced expiratory volume in 1 FEV1cc (p = 0.009), FEV1% (p < 0.001), the presence of long term oxygen therapy (LTOT), and the number of comorbidities of the patient's relatives (p = 0.06) increased the care load. In multiple linear regression analysis, age (p = 0.03), COPD assessment test (CAT) score (p = 0.001), FEV1% (

This investigation was aimed to explore the varietal differences in salinity tolerance of potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) plants by linking the overall salinity tolerance with changes in different morphological and physiological characteristics. Nineteen currently used potato cultivars were grown under controlled conditions in greenhouse at 25-18 (±2) °C (day/night), 70% relative humidity under non-saline and 5dS m-1 NaCl conditions for 90 days. For this purpose, tubers were planted in 14L pots, containing soil: peat: vermiculite (3:1:1). Salt treatment was started 1 week after all the seedlings where emerged. Salt stress tolerance of potato plants were determined with visual damage scale, cell membrane injury analysis and malondialdehyde (MDA) content, the indicator of lipid peroxidation. Leaf relative water content (RWC), loss of turgidity (LT) and total soluble protein (TSP) content were also examined. In addition, the protein profiles of leaf tissues of plants were evaluated by SDS-PAGE. In conclusion; among 19 potato cultivars evaluated cvs. Bettina, Challenger, Granola, Lady Claire, Musica and Orchestra were the most susceptible, cvs. Desiree and Russet Burbank were the most tolerant to salt stress. The data indicated that the low cell membrane injury and MDA content made cvs. Desiree and Russet Burbank relatively salt-tolerant cultivars. Besides, it is concluded that, visual damage scale and SDS-PAGE protein profiles also could be used as biomarkers in salt stress tolerance of potato cultivars., Bu çalışmada, genel tuzluluk toleransını farklı morfolojik ve fizyolojik özelliklerdeki değişiklikler ile ilişkilendirerek patates (Solanum tuberosum L.) bitkilerinin tuzluluk toleransındaki çeşit farklılıklarının araştırılması hedeflenmiştir. Ticari olarak kullanılan on dokuz patates çeşidi kontrollü serada 25-18 (± 2) ° C (gündüz/gece) sıcaklık ,% 70 bağıl nem, tuz uygulanmayan ve 5 dS m-1 NaCl koşulları altında 90 gün süre ile yetiştirilmiştir. Bu amaçla, yumrular toprak: torf: vermikülit (3:1:1) içeren 14L’lik saksılara dikilmiştir. Tuz uygulamalarına, tüm fidelerin çıkışından 1 hafta sonra başlanmıştır. Patates bitkilerinin tuz stresine toleransı, görsel zararlanma skalası, hücre membran zararlanma oranı ve lipit peroksidasyonunun göstergesi olan malondialdehit (MDA) içeriği ile belirlenmiştir. Yaprak oransal su kapsamı (YOSK), turgor kaybı (TK) ve toplam çözünür protein (TÇP) içeriği de incelenmiştir. Ayrıca bitkilerin yaprak dokularının protein profilleri SDS-PAGE ile değerlendirilmiştir. Sonuç olarak, değerlendirilen 19 patates çeşidi içerisinden Bettina, Challenger, Granola, Lady Claire, Musica ve Orchestra çeşitlerinin tuz stresine en duyarlı, Desiree ve Russet Burbank çeşitlerinin ise tuz stresine en toleranslı çeşitler olduğu belirlenmiştir. Veriler, düşük hücre membran zararı ve MDA içeriğinin Desiree ve Russet Burbank çeşitlerini nispeten tuza toleranslı çeşitler yaptığını göstermiştir. Ayrıca, görsel zararlanma skalası ve SDS-PAGE protein profillerinin de patates çeşitlerinin tuz stresine toleransında biyobelirteç olarak kullanılabileceği sonucuna varılmıştır.

OBJECTIVES To evaluate the characteristics of patients who developed tuberculosis while receiving tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) antagonists and the related factors with tuberculosis. METHODS Patient's demographics, tuberculin skin test (TST), isoniazid prophylaxis and type of TNF-α antagonist were recorded. TST conversion (≥5 mm increase) was evaluated for patients who had baseline and 1-year TST. RESULTS Files of 1887 patients who were receiving TNF-α antagonists between August 2005 and June 2015 were evaluated. TST significantly increased at the end of 1 year (n = 748 baseline:7.36 ± 7.2 mm vs. 1 year:9.52 ± 7.5 mm, P

Introduction Conflicting results has been achieved in a small number of clinical studies evaluating the efficiency of magnesium sulphate (MS) in COPD exacerbations. We aimed to investigate the efficiency of nebulised MS in COPD exacerbations. Patients and methods Twenty patients who met the study criteria were randomized into two groups. All patients were treated with O2, antibiotics and oral corticosteroids. Additionally one group received ipratropium bromide (IB) 500 µg together with MS 151 mg/dose, while the other group received IB together with placebo. The patients were followed-up with forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1) and visual analogue scale dyspnea scores for 48 hours. Peak expiratory flow rates (PEFRs) were measured before and 10, 30, 60 and 120 minutes after each nebule treatment. Result The baseline characteristics of the patients in both groups were similar. The FEV1 values measured at 24 and 48 hours did not show significant changes compared to baseline in both groups. Dyspnea scores in both groups decreased significantly in the first day, and in only MS group in the second day. The % change in the dyspnea score at the end of first day was significantly more in the MS group [-23.8% (13.6)] compared with the placebo group [-9.4% (12.9)] (p= 0.002). The % changes in PEFRs at 10 minutes [4.7 (7.5) and -3.5 (6.0), p= 0.005] and 30 minutes [8.2 (6.7) and 1.3 (5.5), p= 0.03] were significantly greater in the MS group compared with the placebo group on the first day. No side effects developed due to MS. Conclusion Nebulised MS is a cheap, feasible and safe drug that can be added to the standart bronchodilator treatment since it provides additional relief of dyspnea in patients with COPD exacerbations. This needs to be evaluated in future clinical studies including greater number of patients.

28th International Congress of the European-Respiratory-Society (ERS) -- SEP 15-19, 2018 -- Paris, FRANCE, WOS: 000455567105150, …, European Respiratory Soc

İnsan sağlığı ve çevre üzerinde yüzyıllardır yarattığı olumsuz etkilerinin yanında kentsel katı atık ayrıca sera gazı salımlarına katkı yapan bir kaynaktır. Enerji üretimi ve tüketimi, arazi kullanımı, arazi kullanım değişiklikleri ve ormancılık (LULUCF), sanayi gibi kaynaklara nazaran insan - kaynaklı sera gazı salımlarının daha azından (%5'in üzerinde) sorumlu olan atık sektöründen atmosfere önemli bir CO2-harici sera gazı olan metan salımı gerçekleşmektedir. Karbondioksitin ısıyı atmosferin içinde tutma potansiyelinden 25 kat fazla bir etkiye sahip olan bu metanın büyük bir kısmı da kentsel katı atığın uzaklaştırılmasından kaynaklanmaktadır. Tüm dünyada yaşanan nüfus artışı, ekonomik büyüme, tüketim alışkanlıklarının değişmesi gibi etkenlere bağlı olarak miktarı giderek artan ve içeriği karmaşıklaşan ve bir küresel ısınma kaynağı olan kentsel katı atığın, insanlığın başa çıkması gereken sorunlardan biri olduğu ortadadır.Türkiye tarafından 2016 yılı için hazırlanan ulusal sera gazı envanterinde, atık sektöründen (atıksu ve endüstriyel katı atık hariç) kaynaklanan toplam (brüt) sera gazları salımının 17,7 milyon ton CO2 eşdeğeri seviyesinde olduğu belirtilmektedir. Ulusal envanterde atık sektörü kaynaklı salımlar IPCC (2006) kılavuzunda sunulan metodoloji ve emisyon faktörleri kullanılarak hesaplanmıştır. Kişi başı katı atık oluşumundan yola çıkılarak tahminlerin yapıldığı envantere göre İstanbul'da kentsel katı atık kaynaklı toplam (brüt) sera gazı salımları 3,3 milyon ton CO2 eşdeğerine denk gelmektedir. Bununla birlikte Türkiye'de kentsel katı atık kaynağına dair veri kalitesinin zayıf olduğu ve ulusal envanterde çok genel kabullere dayanan belirsizliği fazla tahminler yapıldığı görülebilmektedir. Bu tez çalışmasında IPCC (2006) kılavuzunda belirtilen yöntemler ve İstanbul özelinde temin edilebilen veriler kullanılarak, ülkenin en kalabalık kenti İstanbul'da kentsel katı atık kaynaklı oluşan sera gazı salımları tahmin edilmiştir. Çalışma esnasında katı atıklarla ilgili tutulan kayıtların yeterince sağlıklı olmadığı, kimi yıllara ait verilere ulaşmanın neredeyse imkânsız olduğu açığa çıkmıştır. Veri toplama aşamasında yaşanan güçlüklere rağmen, İstanbul için kentsel katı atıklardan kaynaklanan toplam (brüt) sera gazları salımının ulusal envanterde verilen değerden daha yüksek olduğu (5,6 milyon ton CO2 eşdeğ.) belirlenmiştir. Bu çalışma doğrultusunda kentsel katı atık kaynaklı salımların yerel ölçekte hesaplanması, katı atık yönetimi ile ilgili verilerin düzenli olarak tutulması ve kamuoyuyla şeffaf bir şekilde paylaşılması gerektiği sonucuna ulaşılmıştır. Besides its adverse effects on human health and the environment for centuries, municipal solid waste is also a source contributing to greenhouse gas emissions. The waste sector which is responsible for less (above of 5%) human-induced greenhouse gas emissions compared to sources such as energy production and consumption, land usei land use changes and forestry (LULUCF), industry emits methane, an important non-CO2 greenhouse gas. The majority of this methane, which has a 25 times higher effect than the crbondioxide's potential of trapping heat in the atmosphere, arises from municipal solid waste disposal. It is clear that municipal solid waste – a source of global warming – whose quantity is increasing and composition is getting complex depending on such factors as population increase, economic growth, changes in consumption patterns all over the world, is one of the issues that humanity has to deal with. In the national greenhouse gas inventory prepared by Turkey for the year of 2016, the total (gross) greenhouse gas emission from waste sector (excluding wastewater and industrial solid waste) is indicated as 17,7 million tons of CO2equivelant. In the national inventory, emissions from waste scetor are estimated by using the methodology and emission factors that presented in IPCC (2006) guidelines. Total (gross) greenhouse gases emission from municipal solid waste in Istanbul corresponds to 3,3 million tons of CO2eq according to inventory where the estimations are on the basis of solid waste generation per capita. However it can be seen that the quality of data on the municipal solid waste source in Turkey is weak and the national inventory has highly uncertain estimations that are based on too common assumptions. In this thesis study, it is estimated that the greenhouse gases emissions in Istanbul - the most populous city of country – are estimated by using the methods indicated in IPCC (2006) guidelines and city-specific data which is available for Istanbul. During the study, it comes out that the records related on solid wastes are not healthy enough and reaching data for some years is almost impossible. Despite the difficulties in data collection, the total (gross) greenhouse gases emission from municipal solid waste for Istanbul is higher (5,6 MtCO2eq) than the value given in the national inventory. In the context of the study, it is deduced that emissions from municipal solid waste should be estimated at local scale, the data on waste management should be monitored regularly and the information should be shared with public transperantly. 114

Introduction: Ehlers-Danlos syndrome (EDS) is an uncommon cause of hemoptysis and spontaneous hemopneumothorax. We present a case with recurrent hemoptysis who had bronchial artery pathology and anomalous pulmonary venous return associated with EDS. Case: Twenty-years-old female presented with recurrent hemoptysis for two years. Thoracic tomography was normal. Six months of antituberculosis therapy were given due to M. tuberculosis growth in sputum cultures. Ear-nose-throat examination revealed lesions in bilateral nasal conchae and lesions were cauterized. As the hemoptysis persisted, a diagnostic bronchoscopy was performed and revealed an active source of bleeding at the orifice of superior segment of the right lower lobe. Bronchial artery ligation was performed via right thoracotomy. Echocardiogram revealed mitral and tricuspid valve prolapsed. Ophthalmologic examination was performed due to atypical localization of pupils. Bilateral coloboma, nistagmus and ectopia lentis were found. Patient history was positive for spontaneous ecchymosis, premature loss of teeth, increased joint laxity. Genetic physicians found these findings to be consistent with EDS type 6. Skin and subcutaneous tissue biopsies were performed and the definitive diagnosis was made using electron microscopy, fibroblast culture and mutation analysis. A hereditary transmission could not be demonstrated. Pulmonary angiography revealed a tortuous course in distal branches of bronchial arteries and early venous return consistent with arteriovenous fistula. Bilateral bronchial artery embolization was performed. Patient9s hemoptysis regressed. Conclusion: In this care, EDS was found as an uncommon cause of hemoptysis.

Background: Obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) influences endothelial function and causes hypertension. Objectives: Our aim was to evaluate the role of endothelial dysfunction in the pathogenesis of hypertension in OSAS. Methods: Twenty-three patients with OSAS but without hypertension and 15 healthy normotensive subjects were investigated. The presence or absence of OSAS was evaluated with a sleep study. Endothelial function was investigated with brachial artery ultrasound examination. Results: Baseline characteristics were equivalent between the two groups. Minimal oxygen saturation and apnea-hypopnea indexes in the OSAS and control groups were 62.9 ± 16.5 versus 94.9 ± 1.1% (p < 0.0001) and 53.1 ± 20.3 versus 3.8 ± 0.9 (p < 0.0001), respectively. There was not statistically significant difference between basal brachial artery diameters measured in the morning and in the evening in all groups. Flow-mediated dilation (FMD) values measured in the morning were lower than those measured in the evening in both OSAS patients and the control group: FMD of OSAS patients was 6.04 ± 3.18% in the morning and 10.38 ± 4.23% in the evening hours (p = 0.001), and FMD of control subjects was 10.9 ± 2.6% in the morning and 13.9 ± 2.32 in the evening hours (p = 0.002). Differences in FMD values measured both in the morning and evening hours in OSAS patients were lower compared with those in control subjects (p < 0.0001 in the morning hours and p = 0.003 in the evening hours). Conclusions: We detected a prominent diurnal deterioration in endothelial function in normotensive OSAS patients compared with healthy subjects. This deterioration may occur due to ongoing hypoxemia during the night and it may be a possible cause of hypertension and atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases in patients with OSAS.

Frigo seedlings of ‘Redlands Hope’ (R. Hope) and ‘Festival’ strawberry cultivars, which are heat-tolerant and heat-sensitive, respectively were grown in a controlled greenhouse. When the seedlings had 5-6 leaves (11 weeks old); half of the plants were sprayed with 3 mM ascorbic acid (AA) every three days for 3 weeks (7 applications) in order to investigate whether AA is effective on heat stress tolerance of the cultivars, the other half ones were used as control plants. Plants were then transferred to a climate chamber and exposed to gradually increased high temperature up to 44° C. The samples were taken from the plants exposed to 44 °C for six hours. AA content, total chlorophyll content, leaf relative water content (RWC), loss of turgidity and peroxidase (POX) isozyme activity were evaluated in leaf tissues. AA application and heat stress increased AA content in 'R. Hope' while decreased in 'Festival'. Total chlorophyll content of cultivars was increased with high temperature in control plants in contrast to AA applicated plants. RWC content of ‘R.Hope’ was higher than in ‘Festival’ at the high temperature, while loss of turgidity of ‘Festival’ was higher than in ‘R. Hope’. In addition, AA application decreased loss of turgidity in both cultivars. A basic POX band was observed in the samples on native PAGE with different intensities. The intensities of the band were generally higher in ‘R. Hope’ than in ‘Festival’, Redlands Hope (R. Hope) ve Festival çilek çeşitlerinin frigo fideleri 11 hafta (5- 6 yapraklı oluncaya kadar) boyunca serada yetiştirilmişlerdir. Askorbik asitin (AA) çilek bitkilerinin yüksek sıcaklık toleransına etkisini belirlemek amacıyla, bitkilerin yarısına üç günde bir 3 hafta boyunca (7 uygulama) 3mM AA uygulaması yapılmıştır, bitkilerin kalan diğer yarısı da kontrol olarak kullanılmıştır. Daha sonra bitkiler iklim kabinine alınarak, sıcaklık kademeli olarak arttırılmış ve 44oC’de altı saat tutulmuşlardır. Bitkilerden alınan yaprak dokularında AA miktarı, klorofil miktarı, yaprak oransal su kapsamı (YOSK), turgor kaybı ve peroksidaz enzim aktiviteleri incelenmiştir. AA ve sıcaklık stresi uygulaması ‘R. Hope’da AA miktarını arttırırken, ‘Festival’de azaltmıştır. Kontrol bitkilerinde çeşitlerin toplam klorofil miktarı yüksek sıcaklık uygulamasıyla birlikte artarken, AA uygulamasında tam tersi durum gözlenmiştir. Yüksek sıcaklıkta ‘R. Hope’un YOSK’u ‘Festival’e göre daha yüksekken, ‘Festival’in turgor kaybı ‘R.Hope’a göre daha yüksek bulunmuştur. Ayrıca, AA uygulamalarının her iki çeşitte de turgor kaybını azalttığı belirlenmiştir. Native-PAGE’de uygulamalara göre yoğunluğu değişen bazik bir peroksidaz bandı tespit edilmiştir. Belirlenen bandın yoğunluğunun genel olarak ‘R. Hope’da ‘Festival’e göre daha yüksek olduğu gözlenmiştir

Variation in heat stress-induced some physiological changes and peroxidase (POX) activities were studied in three tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) cultivars, Çaltı, Pembe and Yaren. For this purpose, the leaves were collected from tomato plants at the first bloom and yield stages. The leaves were subjected to heat stress treatments in water bath at 35, 40, 45, 50, 55 and 60 °C with gradual increments every half an hour. The leaves were then analysed for ion leakage, loss of turgidity, soluble peroxidase (S-POX) and cell wall-bound peroxidase (CWB-POX) activities. In general, effects of heat stress on the variables studied were significant. Results revealed that ion leakage and loss of turgidity were increased parallel to the temperatures. In addition, loss of turgidity values were higher in the yield stage than those in the first bloom stage. Considering the POX activities, the SPOX activity was greater in the first bloom stage than in the yield stage in all cultivars. Moreover, the highest and the lowest enzyme activity were detected in cvs. Yaren and Pembe, respectively. In contrast to S-POX activity, the CWB-POX activity was greater in the yield stage than in the first bloom stage in cvs. Çaltı and Pembe. The highest CWB-POX activity was detected in cv. Çaltı while the lowest activity was detected in cv. Pembe. Data also indicated that, generally CWB-POX activity was high in the samples in response to heat stress treatments, Çaltı, Pembe ve Yaren domates (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) çeşitlerinde sıcaklık stresinin teşvik ettiği bazı fizyolojik değişiklikler ve peroksidaz (POX) aktivitelerindeki farklılıklar belirlenmiştir. Bu amaçla domates bitkilerinden ilk çiçeklenme ve verim dönemlerinde yaprak örnekleri toplanarak, su banyosunda sıcaklık kademeli olarak arttırılarak 35, 40, 45, 50, 55 ve 60 °C sıcaklıklarda, her sıcaklık kademesinde 30 dakika tutulmuştur. Yaprak örneklerinde iyon sızıntısı, turgor kaybı, çözünebilir peroksidaz (S-POX) ve hücre duvarı peroksidaz (CWB-POX) aktiviteleri belirlenmiştir. Genel olarak sıcaklık stresinin incelenen parametreler üzerindeki etkileri önemli bulunmuştur. Sonuçlar, iyon sızıntısı ve turgor kaybı değerlerinin sıcaklıklara paralel olarak arttığını göstermiştir. Bunun yanı sıra turgor kaybı değerleri verim döneminde ilk çiçeklenme dönemine göre daha yüksek bulunmuştur. POX aktiviteleri değerlendirildiğinde, S-POX aktivitesinin tüm çeşitlerde ilk çiçeklenme döneminde verim dönemine oranla daha yüksek olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Diğer taraftan en yüksek ve en düşük S-POX aktivitesi sırasıyla Yaren ve Pembe çeşitlerinde olmuştur. CWB-POX aktivitesi ise S-POX aktivitesinin aksine verim döneminde ilk çiçeklenme dönemine oranla daha yüksek bulunmuştur. En yüksek CWB-POX aktivitesinin Çaltı, en düşük CWB-POX aktivitesinin ise Pembe çeşidinde olduğu saptanmıştır. Veriler aynı zamanda CWB-POX aktivitesinin genellikle sıcaklık stresi uygulamasına bağlı olarak arttığını göstermiştir

Bu araştırma, Marmara ve Ege Bölgeleri’nde geniş çapta kullanılan 1103 P (Berlandieri Rességuier No. 2 x Rupestris du Lot (St. George) 1103 Poulsen), 420 A (Berlandieri x Riparia 420 A Millardet Et de Grasset) ve 5 BB (Berlandieri x Riparia Teleki 8 B Seleksiyon Kober 5BB) Amerikan asma anaçlarının tuz stresine toleranslarını tespit etmek amacı ile kurulmuştur. Bu araştırmada çelik dikimi 29 Mart 2002 tarihinde yapılmış, dikimden 1 ay sonra bitkilerde 2-3 gerçek yaprağın görüldüğü 27 Nisan 2002 tarihinden itibaren 5 ayrı dozdaki tuz konsantrasyonu (0; 5000; 10000; 15000 ve 20000 mg/L NaCl) verilmeye başlanmış ve 50 gün süre ile uygulanmıştır. Söküm 15 Haziran 2002 tarihinde gerçekleştirilmiştir. Sökülen çeliklerde sürgün uzunluğu (cm), boğum sayısı (adet), yaprak sayısı (adet), sürgün yaş ağırlığı (g), sürgün kuru ağırlığı (g), kök yaş ağırlığı (g) ve kök kuru ağırlığı (g) belirlenmiştir. Ayrıca anaçların tuza dayanımlarının belirlenmesi için sürgün ve kök kuru ağırlığı bazında tolerans oranı, tolerans indeksi ve canlılık oranı (%) hesaplanmıştır. Sonuç olarak bütün parametreler dikkate alındığında, tuz stresine en çok dayanıklılık gösteren anacın 5 BB, bunun ardından 1103 P ve en dayanıksız anacın da 420 A olduğu sonucuna varılmıştır.

Sodium chloride (NaCl) treatments were conducted on strawberry plants (Fragaria x ananassa cvs. Camarosa and Chandler) grown under greenhouse conditions. Modified Hoagland solution (one-third strength) containing 0 (control), 8.5, 17.0 and 34.0 mM NaCl was applied to the plants for 6 months. High NaCl concentrations caused serious reductions in growth parameters such as fresh weight (FW) of leaves, stems and roots, leaf area and the number of leaves. Addition of salt to the growth medium caused a reduction in stomatal conductance (Gs) and transpiration rate (E) of Camarosa. Saline water up to 34 mM NaCl did not have any influence on Gs of Chandler. In addition, 34 mM NaCl treatment caused a marked increase in Gs and E of Chandler. On the other hand, leaf temperature (Tı) increased with salt treatments in both cultivars. We suggest that the reductions in stomatal conductance and transpiration rate represent adaptive mechanisms to cope with excessive salt in Camarosa. As it can relatively maintain its stomatal conductance and transpiration rate, Chandler also tolerates the salt injury at low salt concentrations. Considering the cultivars, Camarosa was characterised as more salt tolerant than Chandler under saline conditions.

Tolerance and recovery ability of green bean genotypes to waterlogging stress were investigated in terms of morphological and physiological in 15 genotypes. Plants were grown under controlled green house conditions at 30/17ºC temperature (day/night) and 50 % relative humidity. When the plants have developed 3-4 true leaves seedlings were exposed to waterlogging stress for 7 days and then taken to normal growth conditions. At the end of waterlogging treatment both roots and leaves fresh and dry weight, total chlorophyll content values were significantly reduced. It was determined that recovery treatment, compared to waterlogging treatment, increased leaf fresh-dry weight, total chlorophyll content. Besides, root fresh and dry weight and old leaves’ leaf area varied depending on genotype. After waterlogging treatment the degree of ion leakage (%) was increased at all genotypes more than the recovery treatment. Şeker Fasulye was determined as the tolerant genotype, whereas Y1 was determined as relatively more sensitive genotype. According to the general evaluation, tolerance to waterlogging stress and recovery capacity of green bean genotypes changed depending on root and leaf part., Bu çalışmada 15 taze fasulye (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) genotipinin su basması stresine toleransları ve geri kazanım kapasiteleri morfolojik ve fizyolojik açıdan araştırılmıştır. Bitkiler kontrollü sera koşullarında ortalama 30/17ºC sıcaklık (gündüz/gece) ve %50 nemde yetiştirilmiştir. Fideler 3-4 yapraklı olduğu dönemde 7 gün süre ile su basması stresine maruz bırakılmış ve sonrasında 7 gün boyunca geri kazanım uygulamasına tabi tutulmuştur. Su basması uygulamasının sonunda genotiplere ait yaprak ve kök yaş-kuru ağırlıkları ile toplam klorofil miktarının önemli derecede azaldığı tespit edilmiştir. Su basması uygulamalarına oranla geri kazanım uygulamalarının yaprak yaş-kuru ağırlığı ile toplam klorofil miktarında artışa neden olduğu belirlenmiştir. Bununla birlikte geri kazanım uygulamalarının kök yaş-kuru ağırlığına, olgun yaprakların yaprak alanına olan etkisi genotiplere göre farklılık göstermiştir. Su basması uygulaması sonunda bütün genotiplerin iyon sızıntısı (%) oranlarında artış belirlenmiştir ve bu oranların geri kazanım uygulamaları sonucu elde edilen oranlardan yüksek olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Şeker Fasulye genotipinin göreceli olarak tolerant, Y1 genotipinin ise nispeten hassas olduğu ortaya konulmuştur. İncelenen tüm parametreler dikkate alındığında fasulye genotiplerinin su basması stresine toleranslarının ve geri kazanım kabiliyetlerinin kök ve yaprak bölgesine göre farklılıklar gösterdiği belirlenmiştir.

Background Tuberculosis is an important cause of morbidity and mortality in renal transplant recipients, but there are insufficient data regarding the efficacy and complications of therapy and of INH prophylaxis. Methods This study is a retrospective review of the records of 880 renal transplant recipients in two centers in Turkey. Results Tuberculosis developed in 36 patients (4.1%) at posttransplant 3-111 months, of which 28 were successfully treated. Eight patients (22.2%) died of tuberculosis or complications of anti-tuberculosis therapy. Use of rifampin necessitated a mean of 2-fold increase in the cyclosporine dose, but no allograft rejection occurred due to inadequate cyclosporine levels. Hepatotoxicity developed in eight patients during treatment, two of whom died due to hepatic failure. No risk factor, including age, gender, renal dysfunction, hepatitis C, or past hepatitis B infection, was found to be associated with development of hepatic toxicity. A subgroup of 36 patients with a past history of or radiographic findings suggesting inactive tuberculosis, was considered to be at high risk for developing active disease, of whom 23 were given isoniazid (INH) prophylaxis. None versus 1 of 13 (7.7%) of cases with and without INH prophylaxis, respectively, developed active disease (P>0.05). None of the patients receiving INH had hepatic toxicity or needed modification of cyclosporine dose. Conclusions These data show that tuberculosis has a high prevalence in transplant recipients, that it can effectively be treated using rifampin-containing antituberculosis drugs with a close follow-up of serum cyclosporine levels, and that INH prophylaxis is safe but more experience is needed to define the target population.

Physiological parameters were used to investigate genotypic variations in 15 strawberry cultivars ['Aromas', 'Camarosa', 'Carmine','Cal. Giant 3' (CG3), 'Cal. Giant 5' (CG5), 'Elsanta', 'Fern', 'Festival', 'Honeoye', 'Kabarla', 'Redlands Hope' (R.Hope), 'Ruby Gem', 'Selva', 'Sweet Charlie' and 'Whitney'] and their relationship to heat-stress tolerance (HST). Cold stored (frigo) strawberry seedlings were grown in pots for six weeks and then transferred to a growth chamber. The temperature in the growth chamber was increased stepwise from 35 to 40,45 and 50 degrees C to create a heat-stressed environment. Leaf relative water content (RWC), loss of turgidity and chlorophyll content were measured at each temperature. The 'Elsanta' and 'R.Hope' had the highest RWC, while the 'Festival' and 'CG3' had the lowest. However, 'Elsanta' and 'R.Hope' had the lowest loss of turgidity, while 'Festival' and 'CG3' had the highest. 'Elsanta' and 'R.Hope' showed the lowest chlorophyll content, and 'CG3' and 'Whitney' had the highest. To determine HST (LT50), leaf discs of each cultivar were exposed to 35, 40, 45, 50, 55 and 60 degrees C. A considerable decrease in the LT50 was observed with increasing temperature in all cultivars. The LT50 of the cultivars ranged from 51.8 to 52.9 degrees C. Based on the data collected, 'Elsanta', 'R. Hope' and 'Camarosa' were determined to be relatively heat-tolerant cultivars, while 'Whitney', 'Fern', 'Festival' and 'CG3' were heat-sensitive cultivars.

[No Abstract Available]

BACKGROUND: Simpler and radiation free alternatives have been researched to estimate postoperative lung functions. Objective of the study is to investigate the reliability of predicted postoperative (ppo) forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV₁) and carbon monoxide diffusion capacity (DLCO) calculated by vibration response imaging (VRI) to guide the selection of patients for lung resection surgery in comparison with quantitative perfusion scintigraphy (Q scan). METHODS: 35 candidates for lung resection were enrolled in the study for preoperative and postoperative evaluation of FEV₁ and DLCO. RESULTS: Totally 25 patients had preoperative tests. VRI measurements showed strong correlation with Q scan measurements of predicted postoperative (ppo) FEV₁% (r= .87, p

In patients being considered for lung-resection surgery, quantitative perfusion scintigraphy is used to predict postoperative lung function and guide the determination of lung-resection candidacy. Vibration-response imaging has been proposed as a noninvasive, radiation-free, and simpler method to predict postoperative lung function. We compared vibration-response imaging to quantitative perfusion scintigraphy for predicting postoperative FEV(1) and diffusing capacity of the lung for carbon monoxide (D(LCO)).We enrolled 35 candidates for lung resection. Twenty-five patients had preoperative FEV(1) and D(LCO) MEASUREMENTS:The vibration-response-imaging measurements showed strong correlation with the quantitative-perfusion-scintigraphy measurements of predicted postoperative FEV(1)% (r = 0.87, P.001), predicted postoperative FEV(1) (r = 0.90, P.001), and predicted postoperative D(LCO)% (r = 0.90, P.001). There was a correlation between predicted postoperative FEV(1) (% and L) measured via quantitative perfusion scintigraphy and the actual postoperative FEV(1) (% and L) (r = 0.47, P = .048, r = 0.73, P.001). There was no difference between the vibration-response-imaging measurements and the actual postoperative measurements of predicted postoperative FEV(1) (% and L). There was a correlation between predicted postoperative FEV(1) (% and L) measured via vibration-response imaging and actual postoperative FEV(1) (% and L) (r = 0.52, P = .044, r = 0.79, P.001). The mean differences between the predicted and actual postoperative FEV(1) values were 49 mL with vibration-response imaging, versus 230 mL with quantitative perfusion scintigraphy. Neither the vibration-response imaging nor the quantitative perfusion scintigraphy predicted postoperative D(LCO)% values agreed with the actual postoperative D(LCO)% values.Vibration-response imaging may be a good alternative to quantitative perfusion scintigraphy in evaluating lung-resection candidacy.