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Objective: The aim of the article is to contribute to the international academic literature within the scope of Web of Science with a comprehensive article that complies with academic criteria on Prof. Eckstein and his studies in Türkiye. Materials and Methods: First, this study scans all the literature on the subject and found the necessary books and articles. It uses Prof. Baskan’s archive for the photographs. We found the work of Dr. Nuriye Peker with the help of Prof. Akar. The article covers Prof. Eckstein’s life and focuses on the period in Türkiye. Results: During the 1930s, a group of German medical doctors, led by German-Jewish pediatrician Prof. Eckstein, migrated to Türkiye. Prof. Eckstein initiated scientific research on children’s health and healthcare in remote Anatolian regions in 1937. This approach had a profound impact on the development of healthcare systems for large population segments in developing nations such as Türkiye at that time. Prof. Eckstein and his assistants like Dr. Demirağ, Dr. Doğramacı, and Dr. Cura are regarded as the pioneers of modern Turkish healthcare and health sciences. Conclusion: Prof. Eckstein excelled as a clinician, educator, and researcher, specializing in infectious diseases, disorders of the central nervous system, the biology of premature and newborn infants, and preventive pediatric care. His work in Türkiye transformed pediatric practice and education by introducing Western medical knowledge and techniques. Eckstein’s achievements include groundbreaking treatments for noma, an oral mucosa infection caused by Borrelia, and malaria.

Mehmet Emin Buyukbayram,1 Zekeriya Hannarici,1 Yakup Duzkopru,2 Aykut Turhan,1 Alperen Akansel Caglar,1 P&inodot;nar Coban Esdur,1 Mehmet Bilici,1 Salim Basol Tekin,1 Do&gbreve;an Yaz&inodot;l&inodot;ta&scedil;2 1Department of Medical Oncology, Atatürk University Faculty of Medicine, Erzurum, Turkey; 2Department of Medical Oncology, Ankara Etlik City Hospital, Ankara, TurkeyCorrespondence: Mehmet Emin Buyukbayram, Department of Medical Oncology, Atatürk University Faculty of Medicine, Erzurum, 25100, Turkey, Tel +905392449362, Email m.eminbuyukbayram@hotmail.comObjective: Hormone positive breast cancer is a tumor with high mortality. Combining antihormonal therapy with cyclin dependent kinase 4/6 inhibitors (CDK4/6i) has resulted in longer survival. The effect of inflammatory parameters such as c-reactive protein and c-reactive protein/lymphocyte ratio (CLR) on efficacy and survival in CDK4/6i treatment is unknown. In our study, we aimed to investigate the role of CLR and some parameters in predicting progression-free survival (PFS) with CDK4/6i.Methods: This retrospective cohort study included 78 patients with denovo and recurrent metastatic breast cancer treated with CDK4/6i. Cut off values for the prediction of mortality by various numerical parameter scores were performed by ROC Curve analysis. The effect of clinical variables, inflammatory and histopathological parameters on survival was analyzed by Kaplan–Meier method.Results: Neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio (NLR) and CLR were statistically significant in predicting mortality (p < 0.05). Ki67 and CLR were correlated with PFS. Age and CLR were correlated with OS (p < 0.05). CLR was statistically significant for both PFS (p = 0.022) and OS (p = 0.006).Conclusion: In patients with metastatic hormone-positive breast cancer using CDK4/6i, low CLR and low Ki67 were correlated with longer PFS duration.Keywords: C-reactivated protein/lymphocyte ratio, hormone-positive breast cancer, progression-free survival

The aim of this study is to compare the diameter of the inferior vena cava with mitral annular plane systolic excursion measurement in order to determine the volume loss before and after blood donation in healthy volunteers.

The purpose of this research was to identify the need for gender equality education. For this purpose, the views of mathematics, science, and information technology teachers on the current situation of gender equality in schools were determined. In addition, the awareness of sixth, seventh and eighth grade middle school students on gender equality was examined. This study was a descriptive research conducted in a qualitative context. In data collection, an interview form on teachers' views and a written view form on students' awareness about gender equality were used. Research data were collected in the spring semester of the 2017-2018 academic year. As a result of the research, it is thought that an interdisciplinary gender equality education will be beneficial to improve students' awareness.

Introduction:To examine the indications for termination due to fetal anomalies performed in our clinic between January 2015 and October 2020 and to determine the differences between years.Methods:This study is a retrospective, observational study involving 385 patients who underwent termination before the 24th week due to fetal anomalies at Karadeniz Technical University, Farabi Hospital, Clinic of Perinatology. Termination data were analyzed by dividing the sample into two groups: terminations performed between 11 and 14 weeks (first trimester) and those between 15 and 24 weeks (second trimester) of gestation.Results:Structural malformations constituted 81.3% of termination of pregnancy (TOP) cases, chromosomal anomalies 14.5%, and genetic diseases 4.2%. Central nervous system (CNS) anomalies, at 43.4%, were the most common cause of termination. Aneuploidy was present in 56 (34.8%) of 161 cases for which karyotype analysis was available. The number of terminations that took place in both the first and the second trimesters was the highest in 2019. A continuous increase was observed in the number of terminations over the years evaluated. When the systems were evaluated individually, it was observed that the number of cases in the second trimester with CNS and face and neck anomalies was statistically significantly higher than that in the first trimester (p=0.002, p=0.037, respectively). In all, 28.3% of terminations were performed in the first trimester and 71.7% in the second trimester.Conclusion:When the distribution of TOP indications over the years was examined, it was observed that the number of cases related to chromosomal anomalies, cardiovascular system anomalies, and genetic diseases had increased gradually.

This multiple case study aims to describe how Turkish students in English Language Teaching (ELT) and Electrical-Electronics Engineering Program (EEP) conceive of Problem-based Learning (PBL), and how they experience their studies within a PBL-oriented curriculum. With the inclusion of these two cases into the study, the rationale is to represent two different educational perspectives and to obtain in-depth, extensive, and comparable data. The participants from the ELT and EEP were first-year students who pursued courses in English, which is taught as a foreign language in Turkiye. During one semester, the data were collected through open-ended questionnaires and reflection reports, both of which were analyzed qualitatively with an interpretative phenomenological approach. The results revealed commonalities as well as differences in how students in these two comparable programs perceived and experienced PBL. Commonalities were many in number and involved positive perceptions along with beneficial experiences of PBL. Yet, differences only stemmed from the number of frequencies of some similar issues raised by both groups of students. The most eye-catching difference was that the EEP students emphasized the anticipated benefits of PBL less frequently than the ELT students did. However, at the end of the process, the EEP students proposed benefits gained from PBL more frequently.

The general aim of the study was to improve students' awareness of gender equality. An instructional design was developed in which mathematics, science, information technologies and software (ITS) courses were integrated, with the theme of gender equality at the center. The method of the study was determined as a case study. The participants of the study were 21 sixth-grade students at a public school in Turkey. Research data were collected using the "Views Form on Gender Equality" and "Practice Evaluation Form" developed by the researchers. According to the students' views, it was determined that an interdisciplinary education on gender equality had positive effects on improving students' awareness of gender equality. When the students' views about the practice process were examined, it was seen that the positive opinions about the process were high in number, and students presented few negative views.

With the intent of facilitating the professional development of English-as-a-foreign language (EFL) teacher trainees, the impetus of this qualitative study is to evaluate the depth and breadth of teacher reflection using vignettes within an initial teacher education program. To this end, this study utilized the vignette technique to reveal 12 EFL teacher trainees' reflectivity from a collegial perspective. Over a nine-week time period, the participants worked in pairs, and each pair first created vignettes based on their observations or teachings in practicum. Afterwards, they generated reflective responses to the pre-designed questions, which led them to think about the problematic or critical issues raised in the vignettes of their pairs. At the end of the process, a total of 108 vignettes were gathered. The whole qualitative data was exposed to the analysis in light of the two-dimensional framework of Fund et al. (2002), which focuses on both the depth and breadth of teacher reflection. Results indicate that the vignette-based reflections showed more balanced variety in breadth, whereas they did not contain a great number of comments made at deeper levels of reflection. Therefore, it is recommended that all the stakeholders should take more active roles to foster reflectivity and criticality toward educational matters raised in the vignettes.

The attitudes of anatomists toward donating their own bodies are a question of matter in the literature of medicine. The aim of the study was to evaluate the attitudes of Turkish anatomists regarding the donation of their own bodies as teaching material after death. A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted among anatomists in Türkiye during the months of March and April 2023. An online survey was carried out by means of a questionnaire constructed using Google Forms©. The survey consisted of a demographic data part, Likert-type multiple choice questions, open-ended questions, and yes--no questions. The questionnaire was answered by 133 anatomists from the anatomy departments in Türkiye. The mean age was 38.9 ± 7.30 years. 48% of the anatomists who answered were male and 52% were female. Most of the participants have a religious belief (90%). All of the participants with religious beliefs were members of the Islamic religion. Approximately 5% of the participants stated that they donated their bodies as cadavers. Anatomists suggested increasing body donation by 76.7% as a solution to cadaveric insufficiency. Although most anatomists state that there is a need for body donation, the rate of donating their own bodies seems quite low. We think that anatomists accept the importance of body donation, but they do not think of themselves as donors. They only recommend body donation to other people. We think that programs and activities should be planned especially for those who are uncertain about body donation and those who only donate organs but do not donate bodies.

Context: Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is an important cause of infertility. In women with PCOS have increased rate of spontaneous abortion and reduced rate of conception. HOXA–10 and HOXA–11 are proteinous products of homeobox gene group and play an important role during implantation. Aims: The aim of this study was to evaluate endometrial receptivity by measuring HOXA–10, HOXA–11, and leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF) gene expressions in women with PCOS. Settings and Design: A tertiary referral center. Materials and Methods: This study was conducted on reproductive age women with abnormal uterine bleeding without sonographically proven anatomical reason. Endometrial sampling procedures were done in proliferative phase using low-pressure endometrial suction device to exclude endometrial pathology. HOXA–10, HOXA–11, and LIF gene expressions were measured from endometrial sampling material. Blood sample was taken to measure serum estradiol level on the day of endometrial sampling. Statistical Analysis Used: Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS software version 17 (SPSS Inc., Chicago, IL, USA). Mann–Whitney U-test was used to compare the variables. Results: A total of 53 patients were included in this study. Study group consisted of 33 patients with PCOS. Gene expressions of HOXA–10, HOXA–11, and LIF were significantly lower in patients with PCOS (P < 0.05). Conclusions: This study results showed that in patients with PCOS have decreased gene expression of HOXA-10, HOXA-11, and LIF which might contribute PCOS-related infertility.

Ankara, Milli Mücadele döneminde, Batı ile Rusya arasındaki rekabetten yararlanarak Batı emperyalizmini Sovyet desteği ile pasifize etmek istemiştir. Bu strateji ile sadece Sovyet yardımına dayanarak askeri başarı kazanmak hedeflenmemiş; aynı zamanda, Batılı başkentler nezdinde, bir “Bolşevik Anadolu” korkusu oluşturmak suretiyle İtilaf Devletleri’nin “Bağımsız Anadolu” olgusunu onaylamaları sağlanmıştır. Aynı şekilde, Sovyetler de böyle bir ihtimali bilmelerine rağmen, Bolşevik olmasa bile bağımsız kalabilen bir Anadolu’ya razı olmuşlar, bölgede oluşabilecek muhtemel bir Batı nüfuzundan ciddi biçimde endişe duymuşlardır. Bu iki dinamik sayesinde Ankara, sürece avantajlı başlamış ve bu konumunu daima korumuştur. Sonuçta, şartların zorlamasıyla ortak düşmanlara karşı işbirliğine giden iki odağın zoraki işbirliği ile hassas bir konjonktür oluşmuştur. Ankara ve Moskova, birbirlerini, İtilaf Devletleri’yle anlaşarak kendilerini tuzağa düşürmeye hazır zoraki bir ortak olarak görmüşlerdir. Tabii bu bağlamda en fazla endişe eden taraf, böyle bir ihtimali esir olmakla özdeşleştiren “Ankara” olmuş, bu ihtimal Moskova için de geçerli olduğu için, Ankara’yı, etik açıdan, problemsiz bir zeminde tutmuştur. Sürecin son sahnesinde belirleyici olan “Türk Zaferi” olmuş, avantajını askeri gücüyle değerlendiren Ankara, başarıya ulaşmıştır. İtilaf Devletleri ve Moskova da, birbirlerinin güdümüne gireceğine bağımsız olan bir Anadolu’yu kabullenmişlerdir.

Abstract The Neogene Kağızman–Tuzluca Basin is located in the NE Anatolia and extends eastward into Armenia Oktemberian Basin. The Halıkışlak (Late Oligocene), Turabi and Tuzluca formations (Lower–Middle Miocene) are time equivalents of the organic-rich Oligo-Miocene Maikop Series in the Caspian region. However, depositional conditions within the KBT are appreciably different and source rocks are not as richer as it. The Halıkışlak Formation has little source rock potentials, with very low values of TOC (0.04–0.25%), HI (14–90 mg HC/TOC) and genetic potential-GP (i.e. Rock–Eval S 1 + S 2 = 0.05 to 0.22 mg HC/g rock). Although a peat facies sample has a relatively high TOC (6.78%), T max of 428 °C, HI values are very low (45 mg HC/TOC). TOC and GP values for the Tuzluca Formation are between 0.06 and 0.39 wt%, and 0.16–1.51 mg HC/g rock, respectively. Some levels of the Turabi Formation have TOC contents up to 6.14 wt%; however, mainly T max values are low 435 °C, and HI range from 25 to 54 mg HC/TOC. The extract of one low-maturity Turabi sample possesses biomarker distributions of an immature rock. Low relative abundance of tricyclic terpane and dominant C29 ααα (20R) are in accordance with the immature source rock. Some samples collected from the outcrops nearby Pliocene/Pleistocene lava series show localized maturation stage. We suggest that the Oligocene to Middle Miocene units could be more studied beneath the volcanic plateau.

This article explores three questions: What is the perception of teachers concerning religious literacy? Is religious literacy an appropriate framework to combat religious intolerance? Do school teachers, principals, and policy makers support interreligious initiatives, including teaching the religions of the world and interreligious site visits? To answer these questions, we conducted interviews with 97 teachers from 24 high schools in four cities (Batu, Jember, Lamongan, and Nganjuk) in East Java. We also invited high school principals, teachers, and representatives from the Office of Education in the city of Surabaya to share their perspectives at our Focus Group Discussion (FGD). This article documents and analyzes teachers' voices cautioning against teaching students about other religions as well as counter-voices encouraging religious literacy. The findings of this study will have an important implication for thinking creatively about various approaches to religious literacy and possible reform of teacher education.

OBJECTIVE: We aimed to measure abdominal pressure and placental levels of malondialdehyde in patients with preeclampsia and investigate the relationship between intraabdominal pressure and clinical features of preeclampsia. STUDY DESIGN: Study was conducted at a tertiary referral clinic. Study group consisted of patients with preeclampsia and control group consisted of normotensive pregnant women. Both placental malondialdehyde and intraabdominal pressure levels were studied in all patients. Intraabdominal pressure was assessed indirectly via a Foley bladder catheter both antepartum and postpartum period. Statistical comparisons among groups were made using the Mann-Whitney U test, independent T test and Chi-square test. Statistical significance was set as p