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Introduction The human population is aging at an astonishing rate. The aim of this study is to capture a situation snapshot revealing the proportion of individuals aged 65 years and over among inpatients in healthcare institutions in Turkey and the prevalence and type of infections in this patient group in order to draw a road map. Materials and Methods Hospitalized patients over 65 years at any of the 62 hospitals in 29 cities across Turkey on February 9, 2017 were included in the study. Web-based SurveyMonkey was used for data recording and evaluation system. Results Of 17,351 patients 5871 (33.8%) were ≥65 years old. The mean age was 75.1 ± 7.2 years; 3075 (52.4%) patients were male. Infection was reason for admission for 1556 (26.5%) patients. Pneumonia was the most common infection. The median length of hospital stay was 5 days (IQR: 2–11 days). The Antibiotic therapy was initiated for 2917 (49.7%) patients at the time of admission, and 23% of the antibiotics prescribed were inappropriate. Healthcare-associated infections developed in 1059 (18%) patients. Urinary catheters were placed in 2388 (40.7%) patients with 7.5% invalid indication. Conclusion This study used real data to reveal the proportion of elderly patients in hospital admissions. The interventions done, infections developed during hospitalization, length of hospital stay, and excessive drug load emphasize the significant impact on health costs and illustrate the importance of preventive medicine in this group of patients.

Introduction: Transmission routes and seroprevalence of hepatitis C virus (HCV) may vary between countries and geographic regions. In this study, we planned to investigate patients with chronic hepatitis C admitted to our hospital in order to identify associated risk factors of HCV transmission in our region. Materials and Methods: Eighty-two patients who were admitted to the Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology Outpatient Clinic of our hospital between January 2011-December 2014 and who were diagnosed with chronic hepatitis C and/or liver cirrhosis were included into the study. Results: Forty-six (56.1%) of the patients were female and 36 (43.9%) were male patients. Mean age was 60.8 ± 10.0 (26-81) year. Most common risk factors were surgical intervention (58.5%) and dental treatment (31.7%). Vast majority of the patients found out about their illnesses during routine examinations (81.7%). Conclusion: Early detection of the HCV infection is important in the follow-up and treatment of the disease. This study also emphasized the importance of routine screening in the detection of anti-HCV positivity.

Tam Metin / Full Text Bu çalışmanın amacı, prematüre bebeği olan annelerinanksiyete düzeyi ve yaşam kalitesinin bebeklerin motor gelişimdüzeyine olan etkisini tespit etmektir. Yöntem: Çalışmaya,cinsiyet ayrımı olmaksızın 37 haftanın altında doğan 26 pretermbebek ve anneleri alındı. Anne ve bebeklerin her ikisi aynı anda,bebeklerin term döneme ulaştığı 37-40 hafta arasındaki dönemdedeğerlendirilmişlerdir. Annelere, doğumdan sonra Doğum SonuYaşam Kalitesi Ölçeği (DSYKÖ) ve Durumluk ve Sürekli KaygıÖlçeği (DSKÖ) uygulanmıştır. Term döneme ulaşan bebeğin motordeğerlendirmesi için “Test of Infant Motor Performance (TIMP)”kullanılmıştır. Bulgular: Çalışmamıza alınan prematüre bebekleringestasyonel haftası 31-36 (ort:34.4±1,88) hafta arasında, doğumağırlıkları ortalama 2024,88± 455,104 gr idi. Yapılan korelasyonanalizinde annelerin DSYKÖ ve DSKÖ ile bebeklerin TIMP skorlarıarasında anlamlı fark bulunmadı (p>0.05). Sonuç: Annelerinyaşam kalitesi düzeyi bebeklerin motor gelişim performansınıetkilememektedir. Bebeklerin motor gelişim düzeyinin bebeğingestasyonel haftası ve doğum ağırlığı gibi bebeğin kendiyle ilgilidurumlardan daha fazla etkilenebileceğini düşünmekteyi

Amaç: Bu çalışmanın amacı, prematüre bebeği olan annelerinanksiyete düzeyi ve yaşam kalitesinin bebeklerin motor gelişimdüzeyine olan etkisini tespit etmektir. Yöntem: Çalışmaya,cinsiyet ayrımı olmaksızın 37 haftanın altında doğan 26 pretermbebek ve anneleri alındı. Anne ve bebeklerin her ikisi aynı anda,bebeklerin term döneme ulaştığı 37-40 hafta arasındaki dönemdedeğerlendirilmişlerdir. Annelere, doğumdan sonra Doğum SonuYaşam Kalitesi Ölçeği (DSYKÖ) ve Durumluk ve Sürekli KaygıÖlçeği (DSKÖ) uygulanmıştır. Term döneme ulaşan bebeğin motordeğerlendirmesi için “Test of Infant Motor Performance (TIMP)”kullanılmıştır. Bulgular: Çalışmamıza alınan prematüre bebekleringestasyonel haftası 31-36 (ort:34.4±1,88) hafta arasında, doğumağırlıkları ortalama 2024,88± 455,104 gr idi. Yapılan korelasyonanalizinde annelerin DSYKÖ ve DSKÖ ile bebeklerin TIMP skorlarıarasında anlamlı fark bulunmadı (p>0.05). Sonuç: Annelerinyaşam kalitesi düzeyi bebeklerin motor gelişim performansınıetkilememektedir. Bebeklerin motor gelişim düzeyinin bebeğingestasyonel haftası ve doğum ağırlığı gibi bebeğin kendiyle ilgilidurumlardan daha fazla etkilenebileceğini düşünmekteyiz. Aim: The aim of this study was to determine effect of anxiety level and quality of life of mothers with premature infant on motor development levels of babies. Method: 26 preterm infants that were under 37 weeks and their mothers were included in this study without any gender discrimination. Both the mother and the infants were evaluated at the same time during the period between 37-40 weeks when the infants reached the term. “Maternal Postpartum Quality of Life (MAPP-QOL) Questionnaire”, “State Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI)” were given to the mothers after birth. Test of Infant Motor Performance (TIMP) was used for motor evaluation of the infant reaching the term. Findings: The gestational week of premature infants included in our study was between 31-36 (mean: 34.4±1,88) weeks and mean birth weight was 2024,88±455,104 gr. There was no significant difference between the mothers’ STAI and MAPP-QOL and the babies’ TIMP scores in the correlation analysis (p>0.05). Result: Quality of life of mothers does not affect the motor development performance of infants. We think that the motor development level of infants may be affected more than the infant’s self-related conditions such as gestational week and birth weight of the baby.

Bronchopulmonary dysplasia is a chronic lung problem caused by pause and lung damage in alveolar development in preterm infants. Trauma caused by mechanical ventilation, oxygen toxicity, decreased surfactant production, infection and inflammation play a role in the development of bronchopulmonary dysplasia. Systemic and inhaled steroids are used to stop the inflammatory process, which is the primary mediator. Herein, inhaled steroids used in the prevention and treatment of bronchopulmonary dysplasia are reviewed and recent recommendations are given., Bronkopulmoner displazi, preterm bebeklerde alveoler gelişimde duraksama ve akciğer hasarına bağlı gelişen kronik bir akciğer sorunudur. Bronkopulmoner displazi gelişiminde mekanik ventilasyonun neden olduğu travma, oksijen toksisitesi, azalmış surfaktan üretimi, enfeksiyon ve inflamasyon rol oynamaktadır. Primer mediatör olan inflamatuvar sürecin durdurulması için sistemik ve inhale kortikosteroidler kullanılmaktadır. Bu yazıda, bronkopulmoner displazinin önlenmesinde ve tedavisinde kullanılan inhale kortikosteroidler gözden geçirilerek son önerilere yer verilmiştir.

Acute disseminated encephalomyelitis (ADEM) is an inflammatory and demyelinating disorder of the central nervous system that is characterized by multifocal involvement of the white matter. Our patient was a 27-year-old female patient who had given birth to a baby with caesarean in another hospital. After four days upon the parturition, she was admitted to our hospital’s general intensive care unit with a poor general status, confusion and a fever. She was diagnosed with ADEM according to the clinical, laboratory and radiological findings. In addition to her antibiotic treatment (meropenem) that had been given in the previous health care facility, corticosteroid therapy was also started. The patient passed away due to the ventilator-associated pneumonia infection on the 10th day of her admission. Mycobacterium tuberculosis proliferation was observed in the cerebrospinal fluid after her death. As it is reported in literature, tuberculosis is a rare cause of ADEM. In conclusion, it should be noted that M. tuberculosis can be a rare cause of ADEM in regions where the disease is endemic. J Microbiol Infect Dis 2016;6(1): 28-31 Key words: Acute disseminated encephalomyelitis, tuberculosis

Introduction: Gram-negative bacillus Stenotrophomonas maltophilia is resistant to drugs (multi-drug resistance-MDR) and it can be isolated from nature. Treatment of the infections resulting from S. maltophilia could be problematic due to multi-resistance. Materials and Methods: 72 S. maltophilia strains isolated from clinical samples were included into the study. Sensitivity was determined using Tigecycline and Colistin E-test MIC method performed in the Clinical Microbiology laboratory of Baskent University, Medical Faculty between 2010 and 2014. Results: In our study, colistin MIC range was found as 0.016-8 mg/L. MIC50 and MIC90 values were determined respectively as 1.5 mg/L and 12 mg/L. Tigecycline MIC range was 0-96 mg/L, and MIC50 was 0.19 mg/L and MIC90 was 1.5 mg/L. Furthermore, one tigecycline resistant strain was detected. Conclusion: We believe that the determination of novel treatments and protocols and their standardization using multidisciplinary approaches can facilitate to cope with problematic and resistant nosocomial infections developed by S. maltophilia.

As a zoonotic infection widely seen in the world, brucellosis is also seen in our region endemically. Cardiovascular involvement is a rare complication and primary pericarditis is even rarer. In this report, it was aimed to present an 80-year-old female patient who presented with complaints including fever and chest pain that started a month ago and who was found to have pericardial effusion and cardiac tamponade. The patient had brucella standard tube agglutination positivity and was strated rifampicin and doxycycline therapy. When toxic hepatitis developed in thefi rst month of treatment, the therapy was replaced with trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole and ciprofl oxacin. The patient was given treatment for three months in total. She was administered subxiphoida lpericardial tube drainage due to cardiac tamponade. The patient’s complaints regressed from the third day of therapy and a decrease was found in the pericardial effusion in her echocardiography. At the end of the treatment, she had full recovery as per her clinical, laboratory, and echocardiography results. It should be born in mind that brucellosis may lead to pericarditis and even cardiac tamponade in regions where it is seen endemically.

Background:We hypothesized that enteral protein supplementation in infants with brain injury would be safe and well tolerated and improve growth. Materials and Methods: Twenty-five infants with perinatal brain injury were randomized to a high-protein (4 g/kg/d) or standard-protein diet and followed for 12 months. Results: The whey protein powder was well tolerated by 9 of the 13 infants in the high-protein group, and no adverse events related to the supplement were seen. The protein group had higher serum urea nitrogen at 10 and 30 days after study initiation but no difference in bicarbonate levels at either time point. Infants in the protein group maintained their weight z score from birth to 3 months of age, while infants in the standard group had a significant decrease in their weight z score over the same time period. Conclusion: These results suggest that enteral protein supplementation may reduce growth failure in infants with brain injury.

Maternal D vitamini eksikliği dünyada yaygın ve önemli bir sağlık problemidir. Neonatal D vitamini eksikliği ve neonatal hipokalsemi için de major risk faktörlerinden birisidir. Yenidoğanın vitamin D konsantrasyonu annenin D vitamini durumu ile yakından ilişkilidir. Burada, maternal D vitamini eksikliği ile birlikte geç neonatal hipokalsemisi olan iki yenidoğan olgusu sunuldu., Maternal D vitamin deficiency is a common and important health problem in the world. It is one of the major risk factors for neonatal vitamin D deficiency and neonatal hypocalcemia. The neonatal vitamin D concentration depends on the maternal vitamin D status. We report two neonates with late-onset hypocalcemia and maternal vitamin D deficiency.

Aim Hepatitis A is among the diseases that can be prevented with vaccination in our time. Acute hepatitis A progresses more severely in individuals with a liver disease. Therefore, patients with a chronic liver disease (because of hepatitis B or hepatitis C) are advised vaccination with the hepatitis A vaccine. This study is aimed to determine the seroprevalence of hepatitis A virus (HAV) antibodies in patients infected with hepatitis C virus or hepatitis B virus in Konya province of Turkey. Methods A total of 537 patients who had chronic viral hepatitis between January 2011 and December 2014 were included in the study. Serum samples were collected from each patient and tested for anti-HAV using the chemiluminescent microparticle immunoassay. Results The overall seroprevalence of total anti-HAV IgG was 94.2%. The overall prevalence of anti-HAV IgG in patients with chronic hepatitis B virus and hepatitis C virus infection was 97.5 and 93.6%, respectively. Anti-HAV IgG positivity was 97.4% in cirrhotic patients and 93.9% in noncirrhotic individuals. Conclusion At the end of the study, being older than 40 years and living in a rural area were found to be independent risk factors for anti-HAV IgG seropositivity. In conclusion, we recommend that patients younger than 40 years and/or those living in cities and having a chronic liver disease should be vaccinated with the hepatitis A vaccine.

Introduction: In this study, we aimed to investigate the frequency and clinical features of respiratory syncytial virus RSV infection among infants hospitalized with the diagnosis of lower respiratory tract infection.Materials and Methods: The study was conducted between 1 December 2012 and 1 March 2013 in our pediatric clinic. A total of 170 children between 1-24 months of age with lower respiratory tract infection were included. Their clinical and laboratory findings were analyzed retrospectively. The detection of RSV antigen was carried out by immunoassay method on nasopharyngeal swabbing samples.Results: RSV infection was determined in 37.1% of the patients. RSV + patients under the age of 6 months was statistically significantly higher than RSV - patients. In RSV + and RSV - patients there was no statistically significantly difference in gender, infiltration in chest radiography, C-reactive protein positivity, Giriş: Bu çalışmada hastanemize alt solunum yolu enfeksiyonu ASYE tanısı ile yatırılan bebeklerde respiratuvar sinsityal virüs RSV enfeksiyonu sıklığı ve klinik özelliklerinin belirlenmesi amaçlandı.Gereç ve Yöntem: Bir Aralık 2012-1 Mart 2013 tarihleri arasında ASYE tanısı ile yatırılan ve nazofarengeal sürüntü örneklerinde enzim immünoassey yöntemiyle etken olarak RSV bakılan 1-24 ay arası 170 hastanın dosyaları geriye dönük incelenerek klinik ve laboratuvar özellikleri değerlendirildi.Bulgular: Hastaların %37,1’inde RSV enfeksiyonu saptandı. RSV + olgularda RSV - olgulara göre yaşı 6 ayın altında olanların oranı istatistiksel olarak anlamlı derecede yüksek saptandı. RSV + ve RSV - olgular arasında cinsiyet, akciğer grafisinde infiltrasyon, C-reaktif protein pozitifliği, lökosit değerleri, trombosit sayısı, yetersiz anne sütü alma, ailesinde solunum yolu enfeksiyonu varlığı, annede ve ailede sigara içme öyküsü, başvuru yakınmaları bakımından istatistiksel olarak anlamlı fark saptanmadı.Sonuç: Çalışmamızda 1-24 ay arası ASYE tanısı ile yatırılan hastalarda yüksek oranda %37,1 literatürle uyumlu olarak RSV enfeksiyonu saptandı. RSV enfeksiyonunun belirlenmesinin gerekli izolasyon önlemlerinin alınarak hastalar arası bulaşmanın engellenebilmesini sağlayacağını ve gereksiz antibiyotik kullanımının azaltılabilmesine katkıda bulunacağını düşünüyoruz

WOS: 000329790100022 PubMed: 25536741 Aim: Lipids are the main source of calories and considered very important in infant growth. We aimed to compare fatty acid composition of term and preterm breast milk. This is the first study that compares the fatty acid levels of preterm and term breast milk in Turkish women. Materials and methods: Breast milk samples were obtained from mothers of term (n = 15) and preterm (n = 15) infants on postnatal days 3, 7, and 28. Fatty acid composition of human breast milk was determined longitudinally by gas-chromatography/mass spectrometry. Results: There were 31 fatty acids measured in the milk samples. In the first month, 17 fatty acid levels had significant differences. In group comparison, some fatty acids (C14:0, C16:0, C18:1 and C20:5) had significantly increased in the preterm group (P = 0.041, P = 0.046, P = 0.027, P = 0.033, respectively), whereas myristoleic acid (C14: 1) and eicosanoic acid (C20: 0) had significantly increased in the term group (P = 0.015, P = 0.048, respectively). Conclusion: Term and preterm milk have different compositions of fatty acids. Breast milk composition changes over time. As a general conclusion, breast milk provides the lipid requirements of infants.