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In addition to device flexibility, the retentivity performance of photoelectric materials after an extreme reverse-bending process is intrinsically important and desirable for next-generation advan...

The transfer and recombination of photoinduced charge carriers play the crucial roles in a photoelectric conversion system. In this work, the Ag2S/fluorine-doped tinoxide (FTO) was used as the plat...

Background: Tumor-associated stromal cells have been widely recognized for their tumor-promoting capability involving paracrine signaling. However, the underlying mechanism and the effects of the molecules in the glycolysis pathway in gastric cancer-associated mesenchymal stem cells (GCMSCs) and gastric cancer cells on tumor progression remain unclear.Methods: The expression of hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) in GCMSCs and bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMMSCs) was detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The effect of HGF derived from GCMSCs on the proliferation, metastasis, and HK2 expression of gastric cancer cells was evaluated in vitro and in vivo. The effects of G6PD on the production of HGF in mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) were analyzed by immunoblotting.Results: HGF derived from GCMSCs promoted glycolysis, proliferation, and metastasis of gastric cancer by upregulating c-Myc-HK2 signal. The progression of the disease induced by GCMSCs decelerated in the absence of HK2. The expression of G6PD activated NF-κB signaling and stimulated the production of HGF in GCMSCs. Blocking HGF derived from GCMSCs decreased proliferation, metastasis, and angiogenesis of gastric cancer cells in vivo.Conclusions: GCMSCs highly expressed G6PD and facilitated the progression of gastric cancer through the G6PD-NF-κB-HGF axis coordinates. Blocking HGF derived from GCMSCs is a potential new therapeutic target for the treatment of gastric cancer.

In addition to device flexibility, the retentivity performance of photoelectric materials after an extreme reverse-bending process is intrinsically important and desirable for next-generation advanced flexible optoelectronics. In this work, we designed and fabricated large-area flexible SnS

Both bismuth and copper are non-toxic and earth-abundant elements suitable for lead-free halide perovskite-like photovoltaic devices. Here, we report a highly facile route for in-situ producing copper-bismuth-iodide (CuBiI4) thin films directly on ITO substrate at room temperature, by utilizing a Bi-Cu alloy layer as precursor. X-ray diffraction and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) results verified the formation of well crystallized CuBiI4 thin films with [222] orientation. The transient photovoltage (TPV) analysis revealed that the CuBiI4 is an n-type semiconductor with a suitable band gap of ~1.81 eV, preferable to photoelectric conversion compared with CH3NH3PbI3. It is very interesting that the subsequent spin-coating process of the classical Spiro-MeOTAD organic solution with TBP and acetonitrile resulted in a dense and smooth CuBiI4:Spiro-MeOTAD bulk-heterojunction film. The preliminarily fabricated simple sandwich structures of ITO/CuBiI4:Spiro-MeOTAD/Au hybrid solar cell devices displayed efficient photovoltaic performance with the PCE up to 1.119% of the best sample. The room temperature direct metal surface elemental reaction (DMSER) method may provide a new insight for all-inorganic lead free perovskite-like AaBbXx compounds and high performance photovoltaic devices.

The transfer and recombination of photoinduced charge carriers play the crucial roles in a photoelectric conversion system. In this work, the Ag

Degenerate semiconductor is very highly desired in energy conversion and storage technologies due to its metal-like conduction behaviors. This is the first time the doping S2 in Ni3S2 lattice into chemically homogeneous Ni3(S)1.1(S2)0.9 superlattice structure is proposed to induce a degenerate characteristic towards excellent electrical conductivity and high-rate capability. In this study, a series of the chemically homogeneous S2-doped Ni3(S)1.8(S2)0.2, Ni3(S)1.6(S2)0.4, Ni3(S)1.3(S2)0.7, and Ni3(S)1.1(S2)0.9 micropyramid arrays on Ni foam were synthesized by reacting the Ni foam and alkaline sulfur aqueous solution in different S22- concentrations. The perfect Ni3(S)1.1(S2)0.9 superlattice structure corresponds to the periodic S–Ni–S2 atom arrangements in whole crystal lattice, which endows a degenerate characteristic of metal-like electrical conductivity to significantly improve the electrochemical performance. The bulk series resistance (Rs) value is only 0.62 Ω, while the charge-transfer resistance (Rct) is nearly 0 Ω in the superlattice Ni3(S)1.1(S2)0.9 electrode. As a cathode material for application in lithium ion batteries (LIBs), a very high specific capacity of 874 mAh g−1 is achieved at current density of 200 mA g−1. Remarkably, it still holds a high capacity of 565 mAh g−1 at current density of 500 mA g−1, indicating its superior high-rate capability. This study reveals that the periodic S–Ni–S2 atom arrangements in crystal lattice is a key factor in determining the superlattice structure, high specific capacity, and the dynamic behaviors of electron/ion transport.

Can aluminum generate deformation twins? Contradictories exist among the experimental results, theoretical predictions, and molecular dynamics simulations. Our first-principles calculations based on the full-potential linearly augmented plane wave method show that the bonding electron density of aluminum gathers at the tetrahedral interstices, and this specific electronic structure is in agreement with the experimental data from quantitative convergent-beam electron diffraction. In terms of this characteristic, the matching between the cohesive energy of local deformation twins with different thickness and global matrix can shed light on deformation twins in aluminum. This study may give a lane to insight into deformation twins in different metals.

In the probe limit, we numerically study the holographic p -wave superconductor phase transitions in the higher curvature theory. Concretely, we study the influences of Gauss–Bonnet parameter α on the Maxwell complex vector model (MCV) in the five-dimensional Gauss–Bonnet–AdS black hole and soliton backgrounds, respectively. In the two backgrounds, the improving Gauss–Bonnet parameter α and dimension of the vector operator Δ inhibit the vector condensate. In the black hole, the condensate quickly saturates a stable value at lower temperature. Moreover, both the stable value of condensate and the ratio ω g / T c increase with α . In the soliton, the location of the second pole of the imaginary part increases with α , which implies that the energy of the quasiparticle excitation increases with the improving higher curvature correction. In addition, the influences of the Gauss–Bonnet correction on the MCV model are similar to the ones on the SU(2) p -wave model, which confirms that the MCV model is a generalization of the SU(2) Yang–Mills model even without the applied magnetic field to some extent.

CdSe semiconductor nano crystals (NCs) and Polyaniline (PAni) are mixed uniformly to prepare CdSe NCs/PAni complex. PAni can quench the fluorescent signal of CdSe NCs. The fluorescent intensity of CdSe NCs/PAni complex is related to the size of CdSe NCs and concentration of PAni. Ultraviolet visual (UV-Vis) absorption spectra and fluorescence spectra are employed to analysis the quenching phenomenon. The mechanism of fluorescence quench is dependent on two factors: on one hand, the FÖrster resonance energy transfer conducts from CdSe to PAni; on the other hand, PAni can intercept the electron charge of CdSe and lead to the interruption of radiative recombination.

CdS-capped CdSe nanocrystals (NCs) which show high luminescence quantum yield are synthesized without any Poisonous Materials in aqueous solution. The synthesis in an aqueous medium without any poisonous materials is attached importance to. The absorption spectroscopy and photoluminescence spectroscopy are employed to analyze the NCs. It takes 78s that the intensity decreases to the half for bare CdSe NCs, but 442s for CdSe/CdS core/shell NCs. The photo stability of CdSe NCs under 325nm laser irradiation is enhanced greatly after CdS overcoating.

It is difficult to build the constitutive equations for macroscopic magnetoelastic behavior because the coupling is a very complex phenomenon. Progress has been recently made in the description of the magnetoelastic behavior of single crystals. The objective of this paper is to propose a homogenization approach to predict the macroscopic magnetoelastic behavior for magnetic polycrystals, which is extended from the description of the single crystal behavior. The model remains connected to microscale physics, which efficiently reproduce macroscale behavior. This kind of micro–macro strategy could then participate in the understanding of the effect of stress on the magnetic behavior, especially in the case of multiaxial loadings.

Bone marrow stem cells (BMSCs) have been shown to improve neurological function recovery in cerebral ischemia. Hypoxia-inducible factor-1 (HIF-1) α-AA is a more stable mutant form of HIF-1α, which is a crucial oxygen-sensitive regulator. To investigate the protective effects of HIF-1α-AA-modified BMSCs on neuron survival in cerebral ischemia models, we co-cultured HIF-1α-AA-modified BMSCs with neuron-like cells (PC12 cells) and observed a significant increase in the release of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) from BMSCs, the decreased PC12 cell apoptosis, and the upregulation of Survivin expression reduced by hypoxia in PC12 cells compared to enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP) BMSCs. In addition, to explore whether VEGF secreted by HIF-1α-AA-modified BMSCs plays an important role in preventing hypoxia-induced apoptosis and the possible mechanism involved, exogenous VEGF were applied and the similar protective effects on PC12 cells were observed in vitro. Furthermore, hypoxia reduced the expression of phosphorylated Akt and phosphorylated FoxO1, whereas the administration of VEGF reversed these changes. Transfection of FoxO1 H215R, a DNA-binding mutant, abrogated the inhibitory ability on Survivin promoter activity, whereas FoxO1 AAA, the active form of FoxO1, presented further repression on Survivin promoter, indicating that FoxO1 directly binds on Survivin promoter as a transcriptional repressor and that phosphorylation status of FoxO1 affects its inhibition on the Survivin promoter. Transplantation of HIF-1α-AA-modified BMSCs after cerebral ischemia in vivo sufficiently reduced neurons apoptosis, decreased cerebral infarction volume, and induced a significant improvement on the modified neurological severity score compared to the EGFP BMSCs group. In conclusion, HIF-1α-AA-modified MSCs showed an obvious protective effect on neuron-like cells or neuron after ischemia in vitro and in vivo, at least in part, through the VEGF/PI3K/Akt/FoxO1 pathway.

The electronic and structural properties of δ-Pu and PuO have been investigated by means of the density functional theory using the full-potential linearized augmented plane wave (FLAPW) method and the local spin density approximation (or the generalized gradient approximation) with on-site Coulomb repulsion U (LSDA/GGA+U) method. The results of our calculations show that by calculating an appropriate U, it is promising to correctly and consistently describe structural and electronic properties of δ-Pu and PuO. The results for δ-Pu indicate that calculated lattice parameters and elastic constants are in good agreement with the corresponding experimental data. From the present calculation we also predict the lattice parameters and elastic constants for PuO, which were not observed in previous experiments. In particular, we demonstrate that the localization effect of the 5f electrons is stronger than itinerancy to elemental plutonium, and predict the existence of a quasiparticle-like peak near the Fermi level and give an appropriate viewpoint on the physics of plutonium.

We have performed ab initio calculations of the structural, dielectric, and lattice-dynamical properties of the zinc-blende ZnX (X = O, S, Se, Te) using a plane-wave pseudopotential method within the density-functional theory. A linear-response approach to the density-functional theory as implemented in the code ABINIT is used to calculate the Born effective charges, electronic dielectric tensors, phonon frequencies and LO–TO splitting. Compared to the direct approach (or frozen-phonon approach), the linear-response approach has important advantages in that time-consuming supercell calculations are avoided and phonons of arbitrary wave vector can be treated with a cost that is independent of wave vector. The calculated bulk lattice constant values of 4.616 A, 5.392 A, 5.674 A, and 6.226 A for ZnO, ZnS, ZnSe and ZnTe, respectively, were used for phonon calculations. The LO–TO splitting frequencies (in cm−1) at the zone-center (Γ point) are ZnO: LO = 517, TO = 367; ZnS: LO = 333, TO = 267; ZnSe: LO = 245, 205; ZnTe: LO = 188, TO = 161. The computed values are in reasonable agreement with experimental data and other calculations.

The ground-state properties of NiO have been investigated using the all-electron full-potential linearized augmented plane wave (FLAPW) and the so-called LSDA (GGA)+ U (LSDA—local-spin-density approximation; GGA—generalized gradient approximation) method. The calculated result indicates that our estimation of U is in good agreement with experimental data. It is also found that none of the LSDA (GGA) methods is able to provide, at the same time, accurate electronic and structural properties of NiO. Although the GGA+ U method can properly predict the electronic band gap, it overestimates the lattice constant and underestimates the bulk modulus. Then only the LSDA+ U method accurately reports the electronic and structural properties of NiO. The calculated band gap and the density of states (DOS) show that the material NiO is the charge-transfer insulator, which agrees with the spectroscopy data. The comparison between the charge density of LSDA (not considering U ) and that of LSDA+ U (considering U ) demonstrates that the trend of ionic crystal for NiO is obvious.

The structure properties of LaNi3.5Al1.5 have been investigated by the density functional theory using the full-potential linearized augmented plane wave (FLAPW) method with the generalized gradient approximation (GGA). The elastic constants of LaNi3.5Al1.5 are determined by a least-squares fitting of the calculated binding energy with a generalized two dimensional cubic function of lattice parameter a and c . The results show that the calculated lattice parameters ( a = b = 0.5092 nm and c = 0.4214 nm) are in good agreement with the corresponding experimental data, that Al atoms prefer to substitute Ni atoms in the 3g sites and tend to disperse in middle planes. For LaNi3.5Al1.5, the bulk modulus (123.1 GPa), the shear modulus (68.6 GPa) and the values of the elastic constants C11+C12 (296.2 GPa), C13 (76.4 GPa) and C33 (210.5 GPa) are worked out for the first time. The ratio of c/a tends to increase from 0.790 (LaNi5) to 0.804 (LaNi4Al) and 0.827 (LaNi3.5Al1.5), which indicates that the LaNi3.5Al1.5 compound is observed to change less anisotropic with the substitution of Al atoms than the host alloy.

For the generalized statistical mechanics based on the Tsallis entropy, a variational perturbation approximation method with the principle of minimal sensitivity is developed by calculating the generalized free energy up to the third order in variational perturbation expansion. The approximation up to the first order amounts to a variational approach which covers the variational method developed by E.K. Lenzi, L.C. Malacarne, R.S. Mendes [Phys. Rev. Lett. 80 (1998) 218] and the approximations up to higher orders can systematically improve variational results. As an illustrated example, the generalized free energy for a classical harmonic oscillator (considered in the Lenzi's joint work) are calculated up to the third order, and the resultant approximations up to the first, second, and third orders are numerically compared with the exact result.

We propose a scheme for the effective polarization and manipulation of electron spin by using a quantum dot with both charge and spin bias. Using the equation of motion for Keldysh nonequilibrium Green function, we study the spin accumulation and polarization for the system. Through analytical analysis and a few numerical examples, it is demonstrated that fairly large spin accumulation and polarization can be produced due to the breaking symmetry of the chemical potential for different electron spin in the leads. Moreover, the direction and the strength of the spin polarization can be conveniently controlled and tuned by varying the charge bias or the gate voltage.

Chapter 1: Marx's "View on World History" and Theoretical Thinking about Globalization Zhou Minkai Chapter 2: Have a Concrete and Historic Understanding of Globalization and what China has done Hu Daping Chapter 3: A Preliminary Exploration of Global Co-governance Theory Yu Zhengliang & Chen Yugang Chapter 4: Global Governance: A Chinese Perspective and Practice Cai Tuo Chapter 5: Globalisation and the Common Interest of Mankind Wang Xinyan Chapter 6: Globalization and State Sovereignty Yu Keping Chapter 7: Challenges of Globalization and Responses of State Power He Zengke Chapter 8: Rethinking State Interests Wang Yizhou Chapter 9: The New Role of the State in the Process of Globalization Yu Jianxing & Xu Yueqian Chapter 10: State Autonomy and China's developing path Yang Xuedong Chapter 11: The Cultural Implications of Globalization on National Interests: Cultural Modernization and China's National Interests Guo Shuyong Chapter 12: Neo-internationalism and China's Diplomacy Qin Yaqing & Zhu Liqun Chapter 13: Seeking China's New Identity: the Myth of Chinese Nationalism Wang Yiwei Chapter 14: The Internal Conflicts and Clashes of World Politics in the Trend of Globalisation Shi Yinhong Chapter 15: Globalisation and International Regimes: Theoretical Implications Men Honghua Chapter 16: Globalization of the Market Economy and World Transformation Wang Zaibang Chapter 17: An Analysis of Anti-globalization Movements from the Perspective of "Democratic Deficit" Ruan Zongze Chapter 18: Anti-globalization Movement and its Retrictions on Globalization Liu Jinyuan Chapter 19: Analytical Remarks of Anti-Economic Globalism Han Deqiang

Waveguide grating filter with an antireflective surface is designed by using the equivalent homogeneous thin-film model. The spectral properties are investigated by using the rigorous method based on the calculated parameters. It is shown that the equivalent homogeneous thin-film model may provide a reliable approximation in estimating the resonance locations of the filters even for the surface-relief grating structure. The validity of the design model decreases with the increase of the refractive index contrast of the grating layer for a fixed grating filling factor.

Wideband reflector and bandpass filter are obtained by using a Ge subwavelength periodic membrane with the thickness kept constant at 3.20 μm. The strong refractive-index modulation of the Ge subwavelength periodic membrane yields increased bandwidth of the leaky mode resonances, thus the excitation of the leaky mode resonances TE 1,1 , TE 2,1 , and TE 3,0 may interact to form a broad reflection band or a transmission passband near λ=10.60 μm.

We have performed ab initio calculations of the structural, dielectric, and lattice-dynamical properties of the zinc-blende ZnX (X = O, S, Se, Te) using a plane-wave pseudopotential method within the density-functional theory. A linear-response approach to the density-functional theory as implemented in the code ABINIT is used to calculate the Born effective charges, electronic dielectric tensors, phonon frequencies and LO–TO splitting. Compared to the direct approach (or frozen-phonon approach), the linear-response approach has important advantages in that time-consuming supercell calculations are avoided and phonons of arbitrary wave vector can be treated with a cost that is independent of wave vector. The calculated bulk lattice constant values of 4.616 A, 5.392 A, 5.674 A, and 6.226 A for ZnO, ZnS, ZnSe and ZnTe, respectively, were used for phonon calculations. The LO–TO splitting frequencies (in cm−1) at the zone-center (Γ point) are ZnO: LO = 517, TO = 367; ZnS: LO = 333, TO = 267; ZnSe: LO = 245, 205; ZnTe: LO = 188, TO = 161. The computed values are in reasonable agreement with experimental data and other calculations.

We study the spin-dependent electron transport in an armchair graphene nanoribbon sample driven by both the charge and the spin biases within the tight-binding framework. By numerical calculations we give the spin-dependent currents for a fixed spin bias as a function of the charge bias. It is found that we can let only one type of spin current pass through the graphene nanoribbon for a wide range of charge bias, which is due to the difference of the bias voltage windows for different spin electrons when the charge and the spin biases coexist. Moreover, the pure spin current can be controlled via the charge bias. Our results are suggestive for developing new kinds of spin filters.

In this paper, a new design of a type of mechanically tunable transmission filter is theoretically presented by using double-subwavelength periodic membrane structures with an air gap. A strongly modulated periodic membrane provides a broad reflection band due to the guided mode resonance (GMR) effect. The interaction between the edges of the GMR and the broad reflection band creates the tunable transmission passbands. Stronger and weaker evanescent couplings between the two periodic membranes show a wide range of tunability. The overetching error should be avoided in both cases of symmetrical and unsymmetrical structures. An effective control of the tunability with good spectral properties can be obtained in the weaker evanescent coupling region due to the negligible lateral alignment condition. The localization of the electric field is mainly confined in the periodic membranes as the thickness of the air gap is smaller, while the energy of the electric field is mainly localized in the air cavity as the thickness of the air gap is larger. Thus the influence of the lateral shift of a periodic membrane on the spectral properties is different due to their different coupling mechanisms in both cases.