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Objective: To explore the characteristics of the talonavicular joint movement in vivo and its effects on changes of the medial longitudinal arch., Methods: Foot CT images in the initial position (neutral position) and terminal position (maximum varus-adduction-dorsiflexion position) were acquired from 9 cases (5 healthy volunteers, including 4 males and 1 female) during foot varus-adduction-dorsiflexion motion. Based on the principle of rigid body kinematics, the CT data were reconstructed and analyzed with Mimics and Geomagic reverse engineering software. The changes of the talonavicular joint in three-dimensional in 6 degrees of freedom were calculated to determine its correlation to the medial longitudinal arch angle., Results: During foot varus-adduction-dorsiflexion motion, the talonavicular joint underwent varus-adduction-plantarflexion motion, with the motion range of 38.82∓5.98° in varus, 19.71∓6.33° in adduction, and -5.09∓6.89° in plantarflexion. During talonavicular joint motion, the medial shift of the navicular was significantly correlated to the changes of foot medial longitudinal arch (P<0.05)., Conclusion: Digital technology can solve the problem of measurement of talonavicular joint three-dimensional motion in vivo. Though as a ball-and-socket joint, the talonavicular joint mainly rotates around the sagittal axis, and its movement is a major factor to cause changes of foot medial longitudinal arch.

Objective: Tissue engineered bone implanted with sensory nerve can effectively promote angiogenesis and repair of bone defects. To investigate the effects of calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) on proliferation and migration of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) for further revealing the mechanism of tissue engineered bone implanted with sensory nerve promoting angiogenesis., Methods: HUVECs were collected from human umbilical core, and identified through von Willebrand factor (vWF) and CD31 immunofluorescence. The HUVECs were treated with CGRP and were divided into 6 groups according to CGRP concentration: group A (0 mol/L), group B (1 x 10(-12) mol/L), group C (1 x 10(-11) mol/L), group D (1 x 10(-10) mol/L), group E (1 x 10(-9) mol/L), and group F (1 x 10(-8) mol/L). The expression of the CGRP1 receptor (CGRP1R) was observed in HUVECs by cell immunofluorescence. The growth rate of HUVECs was detected throug AAlarmarBlue at 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 days. Transwell chamber was used to detect the ability of cell migration. ELISA assay was used to detect the vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) secretion and the protein expression of focal adhesion kinase (FAK) was examined using Western blot., Results: HUVECs were identified through morphology, vWF and CD31 immunofluorescence. HUVECs expressed CGRP1R. CGRP could stimulate HUVECs proliferation in a time- and concentration-dependent manners; the cell growth rates of groups B-F were significantly higher than that of group A at all time (P < 0.05); group F had highest cell growth rate. The number of cell migration of group B-F was significantly higher than that of group A (P < 0.05), which increased more than 3 times. Groups B-F had higher amount of VEGF than group A (P < 0.05), and groups C and D had highest amount of VEGF. FAK expression of groups B-F was significantly increased at 3, 7, and 10 days after CGRP treatment when compared with group A (P < 0.05)., Conclusion: CGRP may enhance the proliferation and migration of HUVECs by increasing the secretion of VEGF and expression of FAK.

Objective: To explore the effects of calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) on the migration of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) expression in vitro., Methods: The BMSCs were isolated from Sprague Dawley rats using whole bone marrow adherence method. At 1, 2, and 3 weeks after culture, the expressions of CGRP receptor (CGRPR) was detected by Western blot. The BMSCs were treated with CGRP at concentration 1 x 10(-8) mol/L (experimental group) and did not treated (control group), and the efficacy of BMSCs migration was analyzed by Transwell chamber assay after 72 hours; at 1, 3, 5, and 7 days, the mRNA expressions of vascular cell adhesion molecule 1 (VCAM-1) were detected by real-time fluorescent quantitative PCR; the protein expressions of VEGF were examined using immunohistochemistry and Western blot., Results: CGRPR expressed stably in the cultured BMSCs and reached the peak at 2 weeks. CGRP had a significantly enhanced role in promoting cell migration. The number of cell migration was (3.20 +/- 1.77) cells/HP in experimental group and (1.11 +/- 0.49) cells/HP in control group, showing significant difference (t = 4.230, P = 0.001). In experimental group, the expressions of VCAM-1 mRNA increased with time and reached the peak at 7 days. There were significant differences in the expressions of VCAM-1 mRNA between control group and experimental group at 3, 5, and 7 days (P < 0.05). Immunocytochemistry results showed positive DAB staining for VEGF at 5 and 7 days in experimental group. Western blot results showed that the protein expressions of VEGF increased significantly at 5 and 7 days in experimental group when compared with control group (P < 0.05), which was signfiantly higher at 5 days than at 7 days in experimental group (P < 0.05)., Conclusion: CGRP can promote the migration of BMSCs and stimulate the protein expression of VEGF, which may plays an important role in regulating bone metabolism by increasing angiogenesis.