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Dayak onion contains bioactive compounds that are traditionally used for medicine. The production of bioactive compounds can be increased through callus culture. This study aims to analyze the effect of the combination of plant growth regulator on the growth of Dayak bulb callus. The design of this study used a completely randomized factorial design with 2 factors. The first factor is the concentration of auxin. While the second factor is the concentration of kinetin. The parameters observed include the percentage of callus, the time of callus formation, fresh weight, dry weight, and callus morphology. In this study, a callus growth curve was also made to determine the best harvest time. The results showed that highest callus fresh weight was obtained in the P3K1 treatment. The percentage of callus formation in the picloram + kinetin treatment was higher than in the 2,4-D + kinetin treatment. The time of callus formation occurred in the combination of picloram + kinetin faster than the 2.4-D + kinetin treatment. The callus color is diverse, while the texture of the entire callus is compact. The best callus induction medium for Dayak onion bulbs is to use picloram 2-4 ppm + kinetin0.025-0.5 ppm. The results of this study provide optimal growth regulatory information for the induction of dayak onion callus that has never been reported before. This information can be the basis for the development of methods of production of bioactive compounds from dayak onions through callus culture. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Thyme contains phytochemicals that exhibit cytotoxic and cytogenic activities. Differ solvents have different abilities in dissolving plant bioactive compounds. This study aims to determine the anti-cancer properties of thyme leaves and twigs, including a profile of bioactive compounds, cytotoxicity, the ability of apoptosis induction, and caspase-3 activation of different solvent extracts on the T47D breast cancer cell line. An experimental study was conducted in eight groups: the T47D breast cancer cell line was treated with thyme extracts as the treatment group and doxorubicin as a positive control. In contrast, untreated T47D cells were used as a negative control. Thyme was extracted by maceration using six different solvents: methanol, ethanol, chloroform, ethyl acetate, dichloromethane, and n-hexane. Bioactive compounds of all extracts were analyzed using GC-MS. Cytotoxicity was investigated through an MTT assay on the T47D breast cancer cell line. The percentage of apoptosis and caspase-3 were detected by flow cytometry using Annexin V-PI and BD Cytofix/Cytoperm, respectively. Thymol, the main bioactive compound in thyme, was found in all extracts. MTT results revealed that six solvent extracts had moderate to weak cytotoxicity, with dichloromethane having the lowest IC50 values at 120.23 µg/ml. All thyme extracts promoted apoptosis in T47D cells with apoptosis percentages of methanol, chloroform, ethyl acetate, ethanol, dichloromethane, n-Hexane, and doxorubicin were 82.67; 80.98; 73.13; 72.28; 60.62; 27.74 and 98.43%, respectively. Among all extracts, methanol extract showed the highest apoptosis and caspase-3 activation percentage. We conclude that all thyme extracts had anti-cancer properties in the T47D breast cancer cell line, although the efficacy of each solvent extract has differed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Previous studies have shown that kaffir lime leaf extract is toxic to cancer cells. To increase the bioactive compound's production for traditional cancer medicine, we induce kaffir lime callus in vitro. One strategy to continuously maintain the production of kaffir lime callus is by using callus preservation. Our preliminary study used two preservation methods of callus stored in 4°C with or without alginate encapsulation. However, low temperatures and sodium alginate can be stress factors for plants, affecting bioactive compounds' production and their anti-cancer ability. Therefore the objective of this study was to determine whether our preservation methods affect the character of the callus by evaluating the bioactive compounds of callus post preservation and their effect on the cytotoxicity against T47D and Vero cells. This study was conducted by inducing kaffir lime seeds to form callus. The generation 1 calluses were divided into control and preserved groups. Callus preservation was performed by stored callus in 4°C with or without alginate encapsulation for 21 days and then recultured for 14 days. The bioactive compounds in the callus extract are detected by GC-MS. Furthermore, cytotoxicity of callus against breast cancer (T47D) and noncancer cell (Vero) are tested using the MTT method. The results showed that preservation in 4°C with and without encapsulation caused changes in bioactive compounds profile. The terpenoid compounds were detected post preservation are Squalene, Geranyl linalool, and Geranyl acetate. Other anticancer bioactive compounds such as Stearic acid, 1-Decanol, Octadecane, 1-Hexcosanol, Hexane, Dodecane, Tetracosane, and 2-Decenoid acid. However, control and post-preservation callus extract are not cytotoxic to both cancer and non-cancer cells. Although there was a slight difference in the type of bioactive compounds, those compounds might be synthesized at a minimal level thus they did not affect cytotoxicity. Our preservation method could well storage the callus thus it can be used to provide continuous supply callus stock for pharmaceutical purposes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Indonesian black rice cv Cempo Ireng was evaluated for cancer prevention using a T47D cell line model. Methanolic extract of black rice bran (BRB) showed cytotoxicity with an IC50 of 522.13 µg/ml. This result was in contrast to water extract of BRB, which yielded an IC50 of more than 6000 µg/ml. From the methanolic extract of BRB, its 6 fractions were found from the preparative TLC performance, with Rf values ranging from 0 to 0.97. According to the MTT assay of all fractions, fraction 3 (F3) had the lowest IC50 (60.17 ± 1.72µg/ml), while fraction 2 (F2) had an IC50 of 64.3 ± 0.61µg/ml. However, F2 showed the highest induction of apoptosis, i.e. about 75.39 ± 0.43% compared to the T47D cells without treatment (control) (about 8.39 ± 0.16%) and with doxorubicin treatment (about 41.30 ± 0.08%). Furthermore, fraction 5 (F5) not only induced apoptosis but also increased the S-phase arrest percentage (60.36 ± 2.07%), which was significantly higher than for the other treatments. Therefore, each fraction of BRB showed different cytotoxic responses to T47D cells. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]