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Amaç: Her yıl Dünyada 0-19 yaş arası yaklaşık 300.000 olgu kanser tanısı almaktadır. Gelişmiş ve gelişmekte olan ülkelerde çocukluk çağı kanserlerinin dağılımı ve sağ kalım hızlarında belirgin farklılık bildirilmektedir. Bu çalışmada amacımız merkezimizde kayıtlı olan çocukluk çağı kanser olgularının epidemiyolojik özelliklerini ve sağ kalım hızlarını değerlendirmektir.Gereç ve Yöntem: Merkezimizde 1992-2017 tarihleri arasında 0-19 yaş arasında kanser tanısı alan 4602 hastanın verileri Ege Üniversitesi Kanserle Savaş ve Araştırma Merkezi kayıtları kullanılarak geriye dönük olarak değerlendirildi. Yaşa, cinsiyete, yıllara göre tümör dağılımları ve genel sağ kalım hızları değerlendirildi.Bulgular: Olguların %55,3’ü erkek, %44,7’si kız ve erkek/kız oranı 1,23/1 idi. Olguların ortalama tanı yaşı 5,6 yıl idi. Merkezimizde en sık lösemi (%25,6), ikinci sıklıkta santral sinir sistemi tümörleri (%23,4), üçüncü sıklıkta ise lenfomalar (%14,2) görülmekteydi. Olguların ortalama izlem süresi 41,4 ay (0-316 ay) idi. Tüm olgular için beş yıllık genel sağ kalım hızı %74 saptandı.Sonuç: Merkezimizdeki kanser tiplerinin dağılımı ve genel sağ kalım hızları literatür ile benzerdir. Ülkemiz verileri ile karşılaştırıldığında genel sağ kalım hızlarımızın daha iyi olduğu görülmüştür. Bu sonuçlar sağ kalım hızlarının bölgeden bölgeye değiştiğini, bu değişimde hasta ve hasta yakınının farkındalık düzeyinin, gerekli tedaviye ulaşabilme imkanının ve multidisipliner merkezlerin varlığının önemini düşündürmektedir., Aim: Approximately 300.000 children between the ages of 0-19 diagnosed with cancer every year in the world. The distribution and survival rates of childhood cancers are significantly different in developed and developing countries. The aim of this study to evaluate the epidemiological characteristics and survival rates of childhood cancer cases registered in our center.Materials and Methods: Recordings of 4602 patients diagnosed with cancer between 0-19 years of age at our center between 1992 and 2017 were evaluated retrospectively using the registry of Ege University Cancer Control and Research Center. Distribution of cancer groups and overall survival rates were evaluated according to age, sex and years.Results: Median age was 5.6 years. 55,3% of the cases were male, 44,7% were female and the male/female ratio was 1.23/1. Leukemias (25.6%), central nervous system tumors (23.4%), and lymphomas (14.2%) were the most common tumors in our center. The median follow-up period was 41.4 months (0-316 months). The 5-year overall survival rate for all patients was 74%.Conclusion: The distribution of cancer types and overall survival rates in our center are similar with those reported in the literature. Compared with the cancer registry of our country, our overall survival rates were found to be better. These results suggest that survival rates vary from region to region, and the importance of awareness of the patient and his/ her relatives, access to the treatment and the presence of multidisciplinary centers.

Objectives: the aim of this study was to compare the antibacterial activity of ceftaroline versus vancomycin in the treatment of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) meningitis in an experimental rabbit meningitis model. Methods: the antibacterial activity of ceftaroline was compared with vancomycin in the treatment of meningitis induced by MRSA strain ATCC 43300 in an experimental rabbit meningitis model. Quantitative cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) cultures were performed at the beginning of antibiotic treatment and 24 h and 73 h after the first antibiotic dose. Furthermore, in vitro time-kill data were investigated at 0, 2, 4, 6, 8, 12 and 24 h in sterile human serum. Results: the difference between the control group versus both treatment groups was significant when comparing the decrease in colony counts in CSF both at 24 h and 73 h after the first antibiotic dose (P < 0.05). At the end of the experiment, there was a significant difference in survival between both the ceftaroline-treated group and the vancomycin-treated group versus the control group, but not between the two treatment groups. Conclusion: These results suggest that the antibacterial activity of both ceftaroline and vancomycin are similar in the treatment of MRSA meningitis in an experimental rabbit meningitis model. (C) 2020 the Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd on behalf of International Society for Antimicrobial Chemotherapy., Ege University (Izmir, Turkey)Ege University, This study was funded by Ege University (Izmir, Turkey).

Massive hemorrhages pose a significant problem in intraventricular endoscopic surgeries. These hemorrhages have the potential to cause mortality and morbidity, particularly in excisional surgeries. Often, the bleeding can be controlled only by cauterization and liquid irrigation, due to the incongruity of the use of antihemorrhagic agents in the fluid. The final option to stop the massive bleeding is the dry-field maneuver. In this study, the effects and clinical results of the dry-field maneuver in bleeding control of a massive bleeding were investigated. Dry-field maneuver was retrospectively studied in a patient population that had massive bleeding during intraventricular endoscopic procedures. Dry-field maneuver was used in seven patients. Four of these patients underwent some excisional surgery. The other two patients were operated for an endoscopic third ventriculostomy and one for intraventricular hemorrhage evacuation. It was observed that the hemorrhage in patients stopped rapidly after the dry-field maneuver. Moreover, there was no need for an antihemorrhagic material. Dry-field maneuver is an option for providing hemostasis, particularly, for a massive hemorrhage. It also has the potential to be used in elective surgeries because it improves the visual quality.

Pseudallescheria/Scedosporium boydii complex (P. boydii) is a ubiquitous fungus that shows tropism for central nervous system (CNS), blood vessels, and polymorphonuclear leucocytes ending up with a wide spectrum of diseases. There are rare cases reported with CNS involvement, mainly as brain abscess (69 %) and meningitis (9 %) [1]. Disseminated infection is mostly seen in immunocompromised patients. We herein report the first patient from Turkey with disseminated P. boydii infection involving the CNS, lungs and pancreas.

Intravascular B cell lymphoma is rare and an agressive form of large B cell lymphoma which can affect central nervous system. Because of its varied clinical symptoms and the absence of lymphadenopathy, it is generally diagnosed postmortem. Cerebral infarction due to occlusion of arteries can be seen as a rare clinical form of central nervous system involvement. Large artery atherosclerosis, cardiyoembolism and small artery occlusion are the important causes of ischemic stroke but no any cause is detected in %15-40 of all cases. In this report, with the discussion of a case with ischemia like encephalopathy and multiple cerebral ischemic lesions at different stages in cranial MRI which was diagnosed by the help of brain biopsy as a intravascular B cell lymphoma, it is aimed to take attention intravascular lymphoma as a rare cause of ischemic stroke.

Background Ictal urinary urge is a rare autonomic symptom usually lateralizing to the non-dominant hemisphere and localizing to the temporal lobe. Case report A 12-year-old boy was referred with desire to void and contraction of the left arm. The history of the case revealed tickling and an unpleasant rising feeling in the stomach and sense of fear lasting for 1 year. He had been evaluated and treated several times with the diagnosis of gastroesophageal reflux and cystitis. His cranial MRI displayed an intraaxial mass formation on the right temporal lobe. Pathological findings were consistent with a low-grade glial mass. Conclusion Ictal urinary urge has a considerable value both for localization and lateralization of seizures.

WOS: 000418537000009, Aim: To evaluate the value of vagal nerve stimulation (VNS) in improving the quality of life, seizure frequency and mood in children with pharmacoresistant epilepsy. Materials and Methods: Eleven pharmacoresistant epileptic children implanted with the VNS therapy device between 2010-2014 were included in this prospective longitudinal study. Clinical assessment for the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders-IV psychiatric disorders, schedule for affective disorders, and schizophrenia for school children were applied. Childhood Depression Inventory (CDI), Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) were filled. Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL) and the Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory (PedsQL) were filled in by parents before the implantation. All of these tests were repeated in the first and second year of implantation. Results: Mean age at the first implantation of the VNS therapy device was 11.5 (2.5-16). Mean age was 13.9 (2.5-18) years. Mean duration of epilepsy prior to VNS implantation was 6.6 years, and VNS usage period was 30.4 months (10-96). International League Against Epilepsy classification of predominant seizure type was partial in seven, and generalized in four patients. Decrease in the number of seizures was 42% and 43% in the first and the second year respectively. While four of 11 patients had no psychopathology, different problems were determined in seven patients. There was no statistically significant difference between the scores of CDI/BDI, scores of CBCL and PedsQL prior to implantation, and also did not differ 1 year and 2 years after implantation. Conclusion: VNS is partially effective in controlling drug-resistant epilepsy. Although a positive effect on depression and quality of life is reported in literature, the results of this study were not statistically significant. We think that the scores of depression inventory should gradually decrease in years as it is reported for seizure frequency.

Shaken baby syndrome (SBS) is a serious type of physical abuse characterized by sub - dural hematoma and retinal hemorrhage. This syndrome is frequently seen in children younger than 2 years of age. Most of the time it results in death or severe neurological damage. In these cases, external visible injuries are generally absent; often there no history of shaking or trauma. Clinical symptoms and findings are nonspecific. Therefore, most of the cases are missed when SBS is not considered in the differential diagnosis. In this article, we reported two SBS cases admitted to our hospital with a history of head trauma and convulsions, resulting in death in one case.

WOS: 000314393900001, PubMed ID: 23111752, Background: The aim of this study was to compare the antibacterial efficacy of vancomycin and linezolid in a rabbit model of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) meningitis. Material/Methods: Meningitis was induced by intracisternal inoculation of ATCC 43300 strain. After 16 h incubation time and development of meningitis, the vancomycin group received vancomycin 20 mg/kg every 12 h. The linezolid-10 and linezolid-20 groups received linezolid in 10 and 20 mg/kg dosages every 12 h, respectively. The control group did not receive any antibiotics. Cerebrospinal fluid bacterial counts were measured at the end of 16-h incubation time and at the end of 24-h treatment. Results: Bacterial counts were similar in all groups at 16 h. At the end of treatment the decrease in bacterial counts in the vancomycin group was approximately 2 logs higher than the linezolid-20 group (p>0.05) and approximately 4 logs higher than in the linezolid-10 group (p: 0.037) (Vancomycin group: -2.860 +/- 4.495 versus Linezolid-20: -0.724 +/- 4.360, versus Linezolid-10: 1.39 +/- 3.37). Full or partial bacteriological response was higher in vancomycin versus linezolid-10 (p: 0.01), but not vancomycin versus linezolid-20 or linezolid-10 versus-linezolid-20 groups. Conclusions: Our results suggest that linezolid is not statistically inferior to vancomycin in the treatment of MRSA meningitis in an experimental rabbit model in 20 mg/kg q12 h dosage; however, it is inferior in 10 mg/kg q12 h dosage. Additional data should gathered to confirm these findings in advance of clinical trials to assess efficacy in humans., Ege UniversityEge University, Ege University

Introduction Veillonella parvula is a small, nonfermentative anaerobic gram-negative coccus. Meningitidis due to V. parvula seen extremely rare. Here we want to report the fourth case with meningoencephalitis due to V. parvula and emphasize the significance of brain biopsy in encephalitis cases with unknown ethiology. Case report A 64-year-old male admitted to the emergency room with a frontal and bitemporal headache. On physical examination, the patient was concious and oriented, his reaction time was prolonged. There was no focal neurological deficit, fever and meningeal signs. The magnetic resonance imaging scan showed hyperintensity on the T2-FLAIR weighted sequences and diffusion restriction at the same place, concordant with encephalitis. On the third day of admission, oromandibular focal motor seizures were observed. We could not define any microbiological agent by analysis of cerebrospinal fluid. Stereotactic brain biopsy performed and the bacterial culture of the biopsy material grew V. parvula . Discussion We reported the fourth V. parvula encephalitis case in the literature. The aim of this case report is to emphasize that brain biopsy should be considered in patients with encephalitis of unknown etiology.

Atypical teratoid/rhabdoid tumor (AT/RT) is a rare aggressive infantile neoplasm of uncertain origin. This study was performed to assess the clinicopathologic and immunohistochemical features of four AT/RT cases. Two cases were male and two were female, and their ages ranged from 8 to 103 months. Tumors were located in the cerebellum (two cases), frontoparietal lobe (one case), and third ventricle (one case). Histopathologically, the tumors were composed of rhabdoid cells and undifferentiated small cells mixed with epithelial or mesenchymal components. However, one of the tumors was composed predominantly of a mesenchymal component mimicking a sarcoma. Immunohistochemically, vimentin (4/4), epithelial membrane antigen (4/4), cytokeratin (3/4), smooth muscle actin (4/4), glial fibrillary acidic protein (4/4), S-100 (4/4), and synaptophysin (1/4) were positive in varying proportions, while desmin and INI-1 were negative in all the cases. All of the patients died within a mean of 14 months due to tumor progression despite the chemotherapy. Only one of our patients lived for 40 months after the diagnosis. In conclusion, AT/RTs are aggressive tumors. They can occur in a variety of locations, such as the third ventricle. Morphologically, a large spectrum can be seen, like predominantly sarcoma in appearance, but immunohistochemistry is helpful in the correct diagnosis.

The aim of this study was to assess the prognostic value of MIB-1 and p53 in the pediatric medulloblastoma group. Forty-two pediatric medulloblastoma cases diagnosed in a single institution during the past 10 years were evaluated. Follow-up data were available for 35 patients. The immunoreactivity of MIB-1 ranged from 10% to 95%; p53 immunoreactivity was found in five cases. Of the 35 patients with follow-up, 34 patients received a combination of chemotherapy and radiotherapy, while one received chemotherapy alone. The follow-up period ranged from 5 to 64 months. Of the 35 patients, 21 were alive without any evidence of recurrent disease, three were alive with evidence of recurrent disease and 11 died of disease during follow-up. The mean survival for these 11 patients was 21.9 ± 10.4 months. Of the 35 cases, 16 had MIB-1 value of 25% or lower and 19 had a value of 26% or more. Of the 16 cases with low MIB-1 value, six died of disease; of the 19 cases with high MIB-1 value, five died of disease. The statistical difference between MIB-1 and prognosis was not significant. Three of the 35 (8.5%) cases were found to be positive with p53 protein; no correlation was observed between p53 immunoreactivity and prognosis. It appears that the MIB-1 value and p53 immunoreactivity have no relation with prognosis in pediatric medulloblastomas. However, it is convenient to support these findings with large series.

PubMed ID: 18230687, Objectives: This study aimed to compare the antibacterial activity of moxifloxacin and ampicillin + gentamicin in the treatment of Listeria monocytogenes meningitis in a rabbit meningitis model. Methods: Meningitis was induced by direct inoculation of a clinical strain isolated from an immunocompromised patient (107 cfu/mL) into the cisterna magna of New Zealand rabbits. After 16 h of incubation, rabbits were separated into four groups: moxifloxacin (M), ampicillin + gentamicin (A), ampicillin + gentamicin 2 (A2) and control (C). Group M received 20 mg/kg moxifloxacin at the end of the incubation time and 5 h later by intravenous (iv) route. Group A received ampicillin (30 mg/kg/h) and gentamicin (2.5 mg/kg/h) by iv route with continuous infusion for 8 h in 36 mL of 0.9% NaCl, group A2 received the same dosage of gentamicin and ampicillin in two different 36 mL 0.9% NaCl solutions and group C did not receive any treatment. Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) samples (0.1-0.25 mL) were obtained 16 and 24 h after induction of meningitis. Results: At the end of the 16 h of incubation, CSF bacterial counts were similar in all groups (P > 0.05). At the final stage of the study (24 h after induction of meningitis), bacterial counts in all treatment groups were significantly lower than the control group (P < 0.05). When the three treatment groups were compared, bacterial counts were found to be similar (P > 0.05). Conclusions: These data suggest that antibacterial activity of moxifloxacin is similar to ampicillin + gentamicin in the treatment of experimental L. monocytogenes meningitis of rabbits. © The Author 2008. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the British Society for Antimicrobial Chemotherapy. All rights reserved., Ege Üniversitesi, The study was funded by Ege University.

Araştırma Macaristan ve Yugoslavya orijinli ekmeklik buğday çeşitlerinin kalitelerini saptamak amacı ile yapılmıştır. Çalışmada 22 ayrı deneme yerinde üretilen 24 çeşite ait toplam 528 örnek analiz edilmiş ve hektolitre ağırlığı, protein miktarı, sedimentasyon değeri, farinograf, alveograf ve ekstensograf değerleri belirlenmiştir. Araştırma sonucu Macar-Yugoslav çeşitlerinden Partizanka, Partizanka-Niska, Arpatan 9 (Mv-9) ve Attila-12 (Mv-12)'nin kalitelerinin diğerlerinden üstün olduğu bulunmuştur. Düşük kaliteli çeşitler ise Sagvari, GK-32-12, Zombar, Nada, Zitarca, Zitnica, GK-Örze, Kinsco ve Lonja olarak belirlenmiştir., This research was made to investigate the quality of bread wheat varieties originally from Hungary and Yugoslavia. in this study, totally 528 samples of 22 varieties grown at 24 different locations were analyzed for test weight, protein content, sedimentation value, farinograph, alveograph and ekstensograph values. According to the results Hungarian.-.Yugoslavian varieties: Partizanka, Partizanka-Niska, Arpatan 9 (MV-9), and Attila 12 (MV-12) were higher quality. Sagvari, Gk-32-82, Zombar, Nada, Zitarca, Zitnica, GK-örze, Kinsco and Lonja varieties were determined to be weak quality.

Intraoperative hemodynamic alterations and postoperative electrolyte disturbances related to endoscopic third ventriculostomy (E3V) have been reported. We aimed to evaluate prospectively those changes in patients undergoing neuroendoscopic procedures. This study was carried out in 24 patients who underwent neuroendoscopic intervention. Sevoflurane was used for the induction and maintenance of anesthesia. Heart rate (HR), mean arterial pressure (MAP), peripheral oxygen saturation, end-tidal CO2, and body temperature values were recorded according to the stages of the operation. Blood gas and blood chemistry analyses were performed before and after endoscopic procedure and were repeated on the third postoperative day. There were no significant differences in intraoperative HR and MAP. Bradycardia occurred only in 1 of the 24 patients during the dilatation. In conclusion, we suggest the use of 0.9% NaCl for intravenous fluid replacement and a warm lactated ringer solution for ventricular irrigation during E3V to prevent intraoperative hemodynamic changes and postoperative electrolyte disturbances.

For the successful microneurosurgical treatment of CP angle located pathologies, an understanding of the relationship and variations between neural and vascular structures and a certain diagnosis are the most valuable factors for surgeons. CP angle lesions have now become a visible area by advances in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) technology. An evaluation of this area and the decision for a neurosurgical decompression procedure are easier than before. Twenty unfixed adult human cadaver specimens, that have no sign of central nervous system pathology, were obtained and dissected bilaterally at routine autopsy. The facial-vestibulocochlear (VII - VIIIth) nerve complex and the anterior inferior cerebellar artery (AICA) were identified in all specimens. Thirteen of the 40 (32.5 %) AICA were situated ventrally and fourteen (35 %) were located dorsally to the VII - VIIIth nerve complex. Thirteen (32.5 %) passed between the VIIth and the VIIIth nerve fibers. Five of the 40 (12.5 %) AICA had a loop near the nerve complex and then passed the nerves ventrally or dorsally. In an MRI study 74 adult persons (148 sides) were investigated by using three-dimensional Fourier transformation constructive interference in the steady state technique (3D FT-CISS) on a 1.5 Tesla MRI system (Siemens Magnetom, Erlangen, Germany). The results were as follows; 48 AICA (32.4 % of all 148 AICA) were situated ventrally to the VII-VIIIth nerve complex, 45 AICA (30.4 %) were situated dorsally to the VII-VIIIth nerve complex, and the AICA passed between the VIIth and VIIIth nerves in 51 samples (34.5 %). In four of the 148 CP angles (2.7 %), the AICA was not identified. There was an AICA loop coursing to the internal acoustic meatus in 15 patients (10.1 %). In this study, we examined the relations between VIIth and VIIIth nerve complex and the AICA in cadaver and MRI materials for an understanding of the value and reliability of the radiological data. This study also shows the anatomical variation between these structures.

✓ The authors report on two patients with spinal meningeal melanocytoma and review the literature on this lesion. One case is particularly interesting because of the lesion's thoracic intramedullary localization. Meningeal melanocytoma is a benign but locally aggressive lesion and is very rarely associated with spinal localizations. This patient presented with paraparesis. Clinical and radiological examinations suggested the possibility of an intramedullary solid tumor. Thoracic laminectomy, posterior myelotomy, and tumor resection were performed; the mass was totally removed. The patient suffered no additional neurological deficit. During a 3-year follow-up period in which radiotherapy was not performed, the lesion did not recur. Total excision of the tumor is the best therapeutic option.

Alagille syndrome is associated with various ocular abnormalities, including pseudopapilledema or optic disk edema due to increased intracranial pressure. Several mechanisms have been proposed to explain the mechanism of intracranial hypertension in Alagille syndrome. Craniosynostosis is an unusual but significant cause of increased intracranial hypertension in Alagille syndrome. It has recently been demonstrated in animal models that Jagged1 gene in which mutations are responsible for Alagille syndrome may also take part in cranial suture formation. We report a child with Alagille syndrome and craniosynostosis who presented with pruritus, elevated liver enzymes, and suspected increased intracranial pressure.

Birkaç istisna dışında gıdalarımız, enzimler tarafından sentezlenen ve özellikleri korunan bitkisel, hayvansal, mikrobiyal veya canlı dokuların salgılarından meydana gelen canlı hücrelerdir. Hemen hemen bütün gıdaların bileşenleri enzim substratlarıdır. Eksogenus enzimlerin ilavesi gıda kalitesinin gelişmesine veya gıda maddelerinin birinden diğerine dönüşmesine yardımcı olmaktadır. Amilazlar, teknolojik olarak buğdayda en önemli endogenus enzimlerdir. Çimlenmemiş buğday bol miktarda beta amilaz ihtiva eder. Buna karşılık değirmencilik bakımından beta amilazdan çok daha önemli olan alfa amilazlar ise çimlenmemiş tanede çok düşük oranlarda bulunmaktadır.

In this research project, the effect of different milling methods on the quality of macaroni and semolina was investigated. Kunduru-1149 durum wheat which is grown, in the Central and Sub-Northern Region of Anatolia, collected in 1989 (vitreous kerneks) and in 1990 (non-vitreous kernels) were used as material. The prebreak process was applied to half of the samples before conditioning while the other part was not. The wheat samples were conditioned to three different moisture levels (15.5%, 17.0% and 18.5%) for five different conditioning times (3; 6; 12 and 15 hours). After the conditioning, the wheat samples were millet by Buhler pneumatic type laboratory mill. The semolina yield was decreased as the conditioning moisture levels increased. The lowest ash content were found at 17.0% and 15.5% conditioning moisture levels for prebroken samples. SDS sedimentation value, the overs of 350 and 250 micron sieves, TOM, the cooked weight of macaroni, the cooked value of macaroni and yellow pigment content of macaroni were affected by the interaction between prebreak process and conditioning times for vitreous and yellow-berry Kunduru-1149 samples., Bu araştırmada makarnalık buğdayları uygulanan değişik öğütme yöntemlerinin irmik ve makarna kalitesine etkileri araştırılmıştır. Materyal olarak Orta Anadolu ve Kuzey Geçit Bölgelerinde yaygın olarak ekimi yapılan makarnalık buğday çeşidi Kunduru-1149’un 1989 (camsı) ve 1990 (dönmeli) ürünleri kullanılmıştır. Örneklerin yarısına tavlamadan önce ön kırma uygulanmış ve diğer yarısına uygulanmamıştır. Örnekler 3 ayrı rutubette (%15.5, %17.0 ve %18.5) ve değişik sürelerde (3; 6; 9; 12 ve 15 saat) tavlandıktan sonra laboratuvar tipi değirmende öğütülmüştür. Tavlama rutubeti arttıkça genelde irmik verimi azalmıştır. En düşük kül miktarı camsı Kunduru-1149’da %17.0 rutubette tavlanan kırık tanede, dönmeli Kunduru-1149’da ise %15.5 rutubette tavlanan kırık tanede elde edilmiştir. SDS değeri, 350 ve 250 mikron elek üstü irmik miktarı, toplam organik madde miktarı, pişmiş makarna ağırlık artışı, pişmiş makarna hacim artışı ve makarna pigment miktarı hem camsı hem de dönmeli Kunduru-1149’da tane tipi ile tavlama süresi arasındaki interaksiyondan istatistiki olarak çoğunlukla %1 seviyesinde önemli düzeyde etkilenmemişlerdir.

Neuroenteric cysts (NC) are rare pathologies and localized generally in posterior mediastinum or abdomen where they may extend to spinal canal through a vertebral defect. Isolated spinal lesions require dorsal/ventral laminectomy and thoracic ones thoracotomy or thoracoscopy. Posterolateral approach via thoracotomy is generally performed for lesions with both thoracic and spinal components. Minimal invasive excision of a thoracic NC with spinal extension in an infant is presented herein. A term female newborn with an antenatal (26th week) diagnosis of congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH) was admitted. On physical examination, she was normal except mild dyspnea and CDH were excluded on radiogram. Left parenchymal opacity necessitated thorax tomography that revealed lobulated cystic lesion (6 × 3.5 × 4.5 cm) in posterior mediastinum. MRI showed intraspinal extension of the lesion through a hemivertebrae (6th). Two-stage procedure was planned for suspected neuroenteric cyst. First, intraspinal component was excised with dorsal laminectomy and the connection was closed. Then, the thoracic component was excised thoracoscopically. Histopathological evaluation confirmed the diagnosis. Total parenteral nutrition and high dose somatostatin analog was needed due to transient left chylothorax on postoperative course. She was well and symptom-free in postoperative period. Neuroenteric cysts may lead to misdiagnoses in antenatal period. MRI is critical to show spinal and vertebral pathologies in suspected cases. Thoracoscopy may safely be performed for thoracic lesions with spinal extension in two-stage approach following closure of the connection and excision of the spinal component.

Amaç: Çocuk istismarı olgularının tanınmasında ve yönetilmesinde en uygun yaklaşım çok merkezli bir ekip çalışması ile sağlanabilir. Bu çalışmada çocuk istismarı tanısı alan olgularımızın demografik ve klinik özelliklerinin değerlendirilmesi amaçlandı. Gereç ve Yöntem: Ağustos 2009-2010 yılları arasında Ege Üniversitesi Çocuk Koruma Birimi’ne yönlendirilip çocuk istismarı tanısı alan olguların demografik ve klinik özellikleri geriye dönük olarak değerlendirildi. Bulgular: Bu çalışmada çocuk istismarı tanısı alan yaşları 1-17 yaş arasında değişen 46’sı (%51,7) kız, 48’i (%48,3) erkek toplam 89 çocuk değerlendirildi. Cinsel, fiziksel, duygusal istismar ve ihmal oranları sırasıyla %49, %25, %11, %14 bulundu. İstismarı gerçekleştiren kişi fiziksel istismar olgularının %67’sinde baba iken, cinsel istismar olgularının %59’unda yabancı birisinin olduğu saptandı. Fiziksel istismar kız ve erkek cinsiyette eşit sıklıkta iken, cinsel istismar olgularının çoğunluğunu (%56,8) kız çocukları oluşturmaktaydı. Çıkarımlar: Ülkemizde çocuk istismarı ve ihmaline ilgi ve duyarlılığın artması ile birlikte tanı alan olgu sayısında artış olmuştur ve pek çok hastanede çocuk koruma birimleri “multidisipliner” olarak hizmet vermeye başlamıştır. Bütün bunlar olumlu gelişmeler olsa da, ülkemizde çocuk istismarı olgularının tanınması ve doğru yönlendirilmesi konusunda daha alınacak çok yol vardır., Aim: Cases of child abuse and neglect (CAN) should be ideally managed by a multidisciplinary team. In the present study, our aim was to review the demographic and clinical features of cases of child abuse and neglect followed-up by the Child Protection Team of Ege University, Izmir, Turkey. Material and Method: The data of the cases of CAN referred to the multidisciplinary team of Ege University between August 2009 and 2010 were retrospectively reviewed. The demographic and clinical characteristics of the cases were summarized. Results: There were a total of 89 CAN cases evaluated by the team in our hospital during the last 12 months. The age of the cases ranged from 1 to 17 years, and 43 (48.3%) of them were male, while 46 (51.7%) were female. The sexual, physical and emotional abuse rates were 49%, 25% and 11% respectively, while 14% of them were diagnosed as pure neglect cases. The fathers were offenders in 67% of cases of physical abuse and in 9% of cases of sexual abuse. However, an extra-familial person was the perpetrator in 59% of the cases of sexual abuse. Conclusions: Recently, the number of reported CAN cases in our country has increased after the increase in the awareness of the public about this subject and multidisciplinary child protection teams have been established within hospitals. However, there is a long way to go, although remarkable improvements have been observed in the last decade

Ege Üniversitesi Beyin ve Sinir Cerrahisi öğretim üyesi Prof. Dr. Yusuf Erşahin erken yaşta, en verimli çağında aramızdan ayrıldı. Türkiye’de nöroşirurjinin dünya çapındaki isimlerinden olan Yusuf Erşahin, aynı zamanda pediatrik spinal cerrahiye uluslararası ve ulusal büyük katkıları olan bir öncü bilim insanı idi., Dr. Yusuf Erşahin, Professor of Neurosurgery at the Agean University has been passed away at very early and most productive age of his life. He was a worldwide famous Turkish Neurosurgeon and also was a serious contributor and international pioneer surgeon of paediatric spinal surgery.

Vancomycin is the mainstay of treatment for methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) meningitis. However, successful outcomes with linezolid have not been reported in a large series of patients. We conducted a single-center retrospective cohort study to compare vancomycin with linezolid in the treatment of MRSA meningitis.We extracted data and outcomes for all adult patients (age18 years) with culture-proved MRSA meningitis who received vancomycin or linezolid between January 2006 and June 2011. A definite diagnosis of meningitis was based on the isolation of MRSA in at least one cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) culture and findings in CSF that are typical of the infection. Linezolid was given intravenously (IV) at a dosage of 600 mg q12h and vancomycin IV at 500 mg q6h.A total of 8 patients with MRSA meningitis (5 male, 3 female; age [mean±SD] 61.6±13.2 years) received vancomycin and 9 patients (7 male, 2 female; age 59.1±15.6 years) received linezolid. All isolated strains of MRSA were susceptible to both vancomycin and linezolid. The rates of microbiologic success with linezolid or vancomycin, in terms of clearance of MRSA from CSF on day 5, were 7/9 and 2/8 (p=0.044, Fisher exact test). No severe adverse events occurred in either treatment arm of the study. One-month survival of the patients in whom treatment was successful microbiologically was 2/2 in the vancomycin-treated group and 4/7 in the linezolid-treated group. Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) data for vancomycin were available for 5/6 treatment failures with vancomycin, and vancomycin MIC values of these five strains were 2 mg/L.Analysis of the findings in the limited cohorts in our study suggests that linezolid is superior to vancomycin for treating MRSA meningitis, especially in cases in which there is a high MIC (2 mg/L) for vancomycin. A clinical study involving larger cohorts may increase the evidence available in relation to this question.

WOS: 000314968100066, PubMed ID: 23318792, In this study, we aimed to compare the antibacterial activities of daptomycin and vancomycin in the treatment of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) meningitis (induced by MRSA strain ATCC 43300) in an experimental rabbit meningitis model. After an 8-h period of treatment, bacterial counts decreased significantly in both treatment groups compared to the control group (P, Ege UniversityEge University, This study was supported by a grant from Ege University. S.U. and O.R.S. have both received a speaker's honorarium from Novartis.

Intracerebellar hemorrhage is very rare in term infants and only severe cases with massive intracranial hemorrhage, posthemorrhagic hydrocephalus and clinical deterioration due to increased intracranial pressure require neurosurgical evacuation. In recent adult studies endoscopic hematoma evacuation has been shown as a rapid, effective, and safe technique. A term newborn hospitalized for meconium aspiration syndrome showed hypertonia, jitteriness and abnormal amplitude integrated electroencephalogram findings. He was diagnosed with cerebellar hematoma which caused hydrocephalus by cranial magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). The hematoma was successfully evacuated neuroendoscopically as the first case in literature to our knowledge. Neurologic, a-EEG and MRI findings resolved.

The most important limitations to endoscopic procedures in the ventricular system of the brain are due to the constraint of working inside a fluid. The evacuation of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) from the ventricles is performed often in microsurgical interventions using a surgical microscope. This study aimed at studying the evacuation of CSF during neuroendoscopic surgery in animals while infusing gas to avoid ventricular collapse.Hydrocephalus was provoked in five adult New Zealand rabbits by intracisternal injection of kaolin. Endoscopic intervention was performed later; fluid was given as a continuous infusion at constant speed into the CSF for 3 min. In the next stage, CSF was evacuated from the ventricles, which were infused with gas at a stable rate for the same amount of time. The intracranial pressure (ICP) of the rabbits was recorded during both operations. The animals were sacrificed and the brain subjected to pathology examination at the end of the experiment.Mean ICP value in the rabbit ventricle was 19.1 while working in CSF and 17.6 when working in air. The difference by a paired test was statistically significant for each individual rabbit except one. The ICP measurement, however, was never lower than the ambient pressure, even while working in continuous gas infusion. No epidural or subdural hematomas were found at autopsy.Endoscopic surgery is feasible in a ventricular system that has been insufflated with gas after CSF has been evacuated. During the experiment, however, steadily diminishing ICP values were measured. As a result, new devices, such as small-flow insufflators able to perform sensitive pressure adjustments are needed.

Two different approaches to fenestration, endoscopic and microsurgical, are in use for Sylvian arachnoid cysts (SACs), the most frequent among intracranial arachnoid cysts. We presented the clinical data and compared our results, with regard to technique and clinical success, with either microsurgical or neuroendoscopic fenestration of SACs. Twenty-nine patients who subjected to cysto-cisternostomy by the same team, using either of the two methods, were studied retrospectively. Thirteen patients underwent microsurgery, and 16 had endoscopic cysto-cisternostomy. No reoperation was needed in either of these groups, i.e., full clinical and radiological success was achieved in both. The complication rate was 23% in the microsurgery patients and 47% in the endoscopic surgery group, with no statistically significant difference. No relevant differences between the two methods are seen either in the published data or in our results. Adding our results to the published data, both techniques were reviewed in a discussion of the one that allows a better controlled or safer fenestration. We conclude that endoscopic fenestration of SACs is not superior to microsurgical cyst fenestration, and the latter seems safer.

WOS: 000290371700007, PubMed ID: 21534196, AIM: Many direct and indirect surgical intervention methods have been defined for the treatment of moyamoya disease. Indirect surgical procedures have been increasingly used. In this study, indirect surgical intervention methods especially used in combination with pial synangiosis were assessed together with other indirect methods. MATERIAL and METHODS: 11 patients who were treated with an indirect bypass procedures at our clinic and followed for at least three years were retrospectively examined. 19 surgical interventions were performed for 18 patient hemispheres pertaining to these patients. 4 indirect surgical revascularization methods were used for three patient hemispheres. On the other hand, indirect procedures combined with pial synangiosis were applied in 11 operations. In addition, the "multiple burr-hole surgery" method was used in 4 four operations performed for two patients. RESULTS: The clinical success rate was 66.6% for patients where the techniques were applied with pial synangiosis. No new ischemic or hemorrhagic attack was observed during the follow-up period in any of these patients in this series. CONCLUSION: Pial synangiosis is a modification that Increases the success rate of indirect surgical methods. In addition, high success rates have been reported in recent publications related to multiple burr-hole surgery. This method is a candidate choice of surgical intervention for selected patients.

AMAÇ: Beyin-omurilik şant disfonksiyonu, çocukluk çağında halen önemli bir sorundur. Bu prospektif çalışma şant disfonksiyonunun semptom ve nedenleri üzerine odaklanmıştır. YÖNTEM ve GEREÇ: Bu çalışmada, Ocak 2001, Aralık 2005 tarihleri arasında şant disfonksiyonu nedeniyle opere edilen hastaların disfonksiyon nedenleri ve semptomları incelenmiştir. Tüm preoperatif ve operatif veriler prospektif olarak toplanmıştır. Bu veriler Fisher exact test ve ki-kare testleri kullanılarak değerlendirilmiştir. BULGULAR: Yüzonbir hasta ve 153 cerrahi prosedürün değerlendirilmesi sonucunda majör semptomlar kusma (69 hasta, %62,16), uykuya meyil (66 hasta, %59,45) ve baş ağrısı (54 hasta, %48,64) olarak tespit edilmiştir.Sekiz hastada ender görülen birtakım semptomlara rastlanmıştır. Bunlar amnezi, spastik monoparazi, ani körlük, ataksi, bradikinezi, disfaji ve üriner inkontinansdır. Şant revizyonlarının çoğunda (115 operasyon, %75,2) bir veya daha fazla mekanik sorunla karşılaşılmıştır. Bu mekanik sorunların çoğu tıkanma şeklindedir. Ayrıca abdominal pseudokist 12 revizyonda (% 7,8) karşımıza çıkmıştır. SONUÇ: Şant disfonksiyonları bazen çok alışılmadık semptomlarla ortaya çıkabilir. Ayrıca muhtemel şantla ilgili yapısal sorunlar, şant disfonksiyonu açısından hasta karakteristiklerinden daha önemli bir etken gibi görünmektedir. Bu nedenlerle şant disfonksiyonu şüphesinde tüm sistemi gözden geçirecek kranial bilgisayarlı tomografi, şant serisi direkt grafileri, batın ultrasonografisi gibi testlerin her hastaya uygulanması önemlidir., AIm: CSF shunt failure is still a frequent problem in children. This prospective study was designed for focusing symptoms and reasons of shunt failure. We also especially focused on the mechanical reasons of shunt failure. Ma terIal and Methods: We focused on the causes of shunt failures, and the symptoms and signs in patients who were operated for shunt malfunction between January 1, 2001 and December 31, 2005 in the neurosurgery department. All examination and operative data were collected prospectively. Evaluation of these data was with the chi-square and Fisher exact tests. Results: After the evaluation of data on 111 patients and 153 revision procedures, the major symptoms in this group were vomiting (62.16%), somnolence (59.45%) and headache (48.64%). In the majority of the shunt revisions (115 operations, 75.2% of the all 153 procedures), one or more mechanical problems of the shunt systems were identified in surgery. ConclusIon: Shunt failures in children sometimes appear with very unusual symptoms. Also, probable structural problems of the shunt systems seem very important for shunt failure according to patient characteristics and etiology of the hydrocephalus. A systematic approach including CT, shunt series and abdominal ultrasound is needed to rule out shunt malfunction.

As the number of endoscopic third ventriculostomy (E3V) operations increase, new rare complications are encountered. In this article, a complication caused by bone particles that migrated into the third ventricle will be described. Additionally, the methods of avoidance as well as the necessity of a new approach will be discussed. After the video images of the first and second operations of a patient who was subjected to E3V twice were compared, it was discovered that one of the bone particles within the ventricle had occluded the ostium after the second operation. Most of the bones were removed and their pathological investigations were performed. Video images of the patient, surgical observations of the second operation, emergence of the time of dysfunction, and other similar cases in the literature were assessed, and it was concluded that the bones that localized intraventricularly were living tissues. Abandoning usage of bone dust for sealing burr holes is a solution to avoid this complication. In addition, it should be kept in mind that intraventricular bone particles might grow and lead to obstructions. If such particles are detected, removal of the bones in certain locations before formation of neovascularization can be an option.

Bleeding is the most important problem in neuroendoscopic procedures. The visibility of the bleeding point for a long period of time is very crucial for the surgeon to stop the bleeding. In this study, the performances of a near-infrared camera (NIRC) and a visible light camera (VLC), which is widely used today, were compared in terms of the visibility duration of the bleeding point.A bleeding point was generated in vitro, and it was monitored with VLC and NIRC (sensitive to 850-nm infrared light), which were connected to two identical telescope systems. This trial was repeated for 40 times using different telescope systems (Clarus neurochannel endoscopy and Storz Hopkins). The images were merged and analyzed digitally.Statistically, sharper brightness difference levels between bleeding point and background are achieved by NIRC than VLC. Analyses revealed that the bleeding point could be observed for a longer time with NIRC, when compared to VLC.NIRCs may provide very significant advantages against bleedings encountered during intraventricular operations.

Manyetik rezonans incelemesi (MRI) tekniklerinin gelişmesi sonrasında literatürde bildirilen intramedüller kavernoz anjiomlu (ImCA) vaka sayısında büyük artış olmuştur. Literatürdeki erişkin ve çocuk ImCA vakaları incelendiğinde, çok sayıdaki yetişkin vakanın yanında, sadece 18 pediatrik vaka bildirildiği görülmektedir. Bu çalışmanın amacı, 19. pediatrik vakayı bildirmek ve literatür gözden geçirmesininde yardımıyla hastaların klinik prezentasyonu, seyri, yönetimi ve sonuçlarının tartışılmasıdır. Bu vakanın bir diğer özelliği ailesel geçiş göstermesi ve serebral hemisferlerde üç ayrı lezyonunda bulunmasıdır. Spinal lezyonun cerrahi ile tam olarak çıkarılması başarılmış ve radyolojik olarakda bu durum kanıtlanmıştır. Takip radyolojik incelemeleri ve nörolojik muayeneleri yapılmış ve cerrahiden sonraki izlemi sırasında herhangi bir komplikasyonla karşılaşılmamıştır., The review of data available in the literature has shown that there has been a gradual increase in the number of reported cases of intramedullary cavernous angioma (ImCA) since the advent of Magnetic Resonance Imagining (MRI). However, a comparison between the number of studies on adult and pediatric ImCA cases reveals that the total number of pediatric ImCA cases reported to date is only 18 - quite smaller than the former. The purpose of this study is to present an outline of ImCA in pediatric age group; its clinical presentation, course, management and outcome and to report the 19th pediatric case with an ImCA. Another important point about the present case is the three intracerebral lesions she had and the familial pattern existed. A complete removal of the lesion was accomplished as demonstrated by postoperative MRI studies. At the follow-up examination, a spine and cerebral MRI was completed and it was clear that no postoperative complication occurred after surgery.

Melanotic progonoma or melanotic neuroectodermal tumor is a rare tumor in infancy. This lesion has to be considered in the differential diagnosis of benign or malignant lesions of calvarium. The authors present a case of a 4-month-old infant with left retroauricular mass. The patient had a subcutaneous mass that is fixed to the underlying skull. CT and MRI scans showed left occipitotemporal expansile mass. The tumor was removed by surgery. A tumor, brownish-black in color, was diagnosed as melanotic progonoma. The patient remained symptom-free for the last 2 years after complete surgery. Extracranial subcutaneous masses involving the skull are uncommon in infants. Benign or malignant lesions may occur as lumps on calvarium. Physical examination and some laboratory findings are helpful in the assessment of patient. Benign or malignant lesions can be differentiated by craniography, CT, or MRI scans, but exact diagnosis of melanotic progonoma is made by histopathology and immunostaining, as was in the presented case. Cranial vault progonomas have a better outcome by complete surgery. The tumors usually do not recur in long-term period.

Bu çalışma, bölümümüzde 8 yıllık süre içinde miksopapiller ependimom tanısı alan 10 olgunun klinikopatolojik araştırmasıdır. Tümörlerin tümü miksopapiller ependimom için tipik olan lumbosakral yerleşimlidir. İki olgu dışındaki olguların tümü nispeten sakin histoloji göstermekte idi. İki olguda orta derecede hücresel atipi ve mitoz ile solid alanlar vardı. Bu iki olgudan birisi sepsise bağlı kaybedildi, diğer hastada multipl rekürrensler ve ilk eksizyondan 22 yıl sonra akciğer metastazı gelişti. Yaklaşık 6 yıllık izlem süresi olan beş olguda nüks görülmedi. Miksopapiller ependimomun rekürrens riski düşüktür fakat uzun süreli takibi gereklidir ve çok nadir de olsa uzak metastaz gösterebilir., This study is a clinicopathologic investigation of ten myxopapillary ependymomas encountered during 8 year period. All tumors were located to lumbosacral region that is typical for myxopapillary ependymomas. All but two cases showed relatively indolent histology. Two cases have solid areas with moderate cytologic atypia and mitotic activity. One of these two patient died of sepsis, other patient had pulmonary metastasis after multipl recurrences and 22 years later fom the first excision. Five cases with a follow-up period of approximately 6 year have no recurrences so far. Myxopapillary ependymomas have low risk for recurrences but it should be follow-up for a long time and very rarely it may show distant metastasis.

Çoğul antibiyotik dirençli Acinetobacter spp. menenjitleri mortalite ve morbiditeye neden olabilmektedir. Sulbaktamın ampisilinli ve sefoperazonlu kombinasyonu Acinetobacter türlerine karşı in-vitro olarak etkilidir. Bu bildiride yüksek doz meropeneme yanıtsız olup yüksek doz ampisilin/sulbaktam ile tedavi edilen bir Acinetobacter baumannii menenjit olgusu sunulmuştur., Multidrug resistant Acinetobacter spp. associated meningitis is associated with high morbidity and mortality. Ampicillin/sulbactam combination is in vitro effective on Acinetobacter spp. In this report a case of Acinetobacter baumannii meningitis which was unresponsive to meropenem treatment and was treated with high dose ampicillin/sulbactam, is presented.

Objective Simple anterior orbitotomy is one of the popular surgical procedures through the orbital cavity. In this approach no bony orbitotomy is required so very satisfactory cosmetic results should be achieved. The authors of this paper report on three patients with space-occupying lesions in orbital cavity which were operated by anterior orbitotomy techniques without craniotomies. Methods Three patients with space-occupying lesions in the orbital cavity underwent a microsurgical procedure with simple anterior orbitotomy. Results No bony orbitotomy was used in this technique and the cosmetic results were very satisfactory. Although the surgical area is very narrow, no neurological deficit has appeared after this procedure using microsurgical operative procedures. Conclusion Although the orbital cavity is very narrow, multiple neurological important structures occur in this area. Traction of the ocular bulb and optic nerve can be harmful for the patient. Therefore, many the surgeons prefer the transfrontal intracranial approach with superior orbital craniotomy for wide exposure. One of these three cases is a typical example for the simple anterior orbitotomy which is a useful operative approach for patients with solid space-occupying lesions in the superior part of the orbital cavity. Another patient with a hydatid cyst in orbital cavity was operated successfully via a simple anterior orbitotomy. The third patients was 6 years old and shows that the procedure can be used easily in children as well.

Bu araştırmada makarnalık buğdaylara uygulanan değişik öğütme yöntemlerinin irmik ve makarna kalitesine etkileri araştırılmıştır. Materyal olarak Orta Anadolu ve Kuzey Geçit Bölgelerinde yaygın olarak ekimi yapılan makarnalık buğday çeşiti Kunduru-1149 'un 1989 (camsı) ve 1990 (dönmeli) ürünleri kullanılmıştır. örneklerin yarısına tavlamadan önce ön kırma uygulanmış ve diğer yarısına uygulanmamıştır, örnekler 3 ayrı rutubetto (%15.5, %17.0 ve %18.5) ve değişik sürelerde (3, 6, 9, 12, 15 saat) tavlandıktan sonra laboratuvar tipi değirmende öğütülmüştür. Bu uygulamaların irmik verimi, unlu irmik verimi, irmik altı un miktarı, irmikte kül miktarı, sodyum dodesil sülfat (SDS) sedimentasyon değeri, yaş öz miktarı, irmikte pigment miktarı, irmik granülasyonu (350, 250, 180 ve 125 mikron elek üzeri), miksogram değerleri (yoğurma süresi, stabilite, maksimum konsistens ve tolerans indeks), makarnada toplam organik madde (TOM) miktarı, pişmiş makarna ağırlıktoplam organik madde (TOM) miktarı, pişmiş makarna agxrlxk artışı, pişmiş makarna hacim artışı ve makarnada pigment miktarı kriterleri üzerine olan etkileri araştırılraxştır. Arastırma sonucunda; hem camsı ve hem de dönmeli Kunduru- 1149 çeşidinde unlu irmik verimi, irmik protein miktarı, yaş öz miktarı, 180 ve 125 mikron elek üstü irmik miktarı ile miksogram değerleri üzerine öğütme faktörlerinin etkisi istatistiksel olarak önemli bulunmamıştır. SDS sedimentasyon değeri, 350 ve 250 mikron elek üstü irmik miktarı, toplam organik madde miktarı, pişmiş makarna agxrlxk artışı, pişmiş makarna hacim artışı ve makarna pigment miktarı hem camsı hem de dönmeli Kunduru-1149 ' da tane tipi ile tavlama süresi arasxndaki interaksiyondan istatistiki olarak çoğunlukla %1 seviyesinde önemli düzeyde etkilenmişlerdir. Tavlama rutubeti arttxkca genelde irmik verimi azalmxstır. En düşük kül miktarı camsı Kunduru-1149 ' da %17.0 rutubette tavlanan kirık tanede, dönmeli Kunduru-1149 `da ise %15.5 rutubette tavlanan kxrık tanede elde edilmiştir. irmik verimi, irmikte kül miktarı, granülasyon, pigment miktarı, toplam organik madde miktarı ve pişmiş makarna agxrlxk ve hacim artışı ortalama değerlerine göre; camsı Kunduru-1149 'da sağlam tanelerde %15.5 ve %17.0 tavlama rutubetleri ile genellikle 9 ve 12 saatlik tavlama süreleri, ön kxrmalx örneklerde %15.5 ve %17.0 tavlama rutubetleri ile 6 ve 9 saat tavlama süreleri, dönmeli Kunduru-1149 'da ise sağlam tanelerde %15.5 ve %17.0 tavlama rutubetleri ile 9 saatlik tavlama süresi, ön kxrmali örneklerde %17.0 tavlama rutubetinde 6 ve 9 saat tavlama süreleri uygun tavlama yöntemi olarak önerilebilir. ANAHTAR KELİMELER: Makarna lxk buğday, öğütme, tavlama rutubeti, ön kırraa, tavlama süresi, makarna kalitesi. In this research project, the effect of different milling methods on the quality of macaroni and semolina was investigated. Kunduru-1149 durum wheat which is grown in the Central and Sub-Northern Region of Anatolia, collected in 1989 (vitreous kernels) and in 1990 (non-vitreous kernels) were used as material. The prebreak process was applied to half of the samples before conditioning while the other part was not. The wheat samples were conditioned to three different moisture levels (15.5%, 17.0% and 18.5%) for 5 different conditioning times (3, 6, 9, 12, 15 hours). After the conditioning, the wheat samples were milled by Buhler pneumatic type laboratory mill. The effect of the prebreak process, conditioning times and the conditioning moisture levels on semolina yield, semolina plus flour yield, flour yield, semolina ash content, SDS sedimentation value, wet gluten content, semolina yellow pigment content, semolina granulation (the overs of 350, 250, 180 and 125 micron sieves), mixogram values (mixing time,stabilite, maximum consistens and mixing tolerans index), total organic matter content (TOM), cooked weight of macaroni, yellow pigment content in macaroni were investigated. The effect of milling methods on semolina plus flour yield, semolina protein content, wet gluten content, the overs of 180, and 125 micron sieves and mixogram values for all samples was statistically insignificant. SDS sedimentation value, the overs of 350 and 250 micron sieves, TOM, the cooked weight of macaroni, the cooked volume of macaroni and yellow pigment content of macaroni were affected by the interaction between prebreak process and conditioning times for vitreous and yellow-berry Kunduru-1149 samples. The semolina yield was decreased as the conditioning moisture levels increased. The lowest ash content was found at 17.0% and 15.5% conditioning moisture levels for prebroken samples. According to the mean value of semolina yield, semolina ash content, semolina granulation, pigment content, TOM, cooked weight of macaroni and cooked volume of macaroni; for vitreous Kunduru-1149 samples, 9 and 12 hr. conditioning times at 15.5% and 17% moisture levels for unbroken samples, 6 and 9 hr. conditioning times at 15.5% and 17% moisture levels, for yellow-berry Kunduru-1149 samples, 9 hr. conditioning time at 15.5% and 17% moisture levels for unbroken samples, 6 and 9 hr. conditioning times at 17% moisture level for prebroken samples were found to be the most suitable conditioning method. Key words: Durum wheat, milling, conditioning moisture, prebreak, conditioning time, macaroni quality. 109