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During each day of harvest, wasted banana stems are obtained in large quantities. These stems are composed mainly of 74.37% cellulose which is a very important raw material. This study aims to isolate cellulose from banana stems using liquefaction, delignification and bleaching processes with a microwave at power variations of 450, 600 and 800 W. The results showed that the highest cellulose content of 86.43% was obtained at 800 W for 14 minutes. Meanwhile, the fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) analysis result did not show a peak at wavenumber 1519 cm-1 which is the specific peak for lignin but showed a peak for cellulose at wavenumber 898 cm-1. Furthermore, XRD analysis of crystallinity showed a typical diffraction peak of cellulose at 22.5o with a degree of crystallinity of 56.8% while, morphological analysis with SEM showed that the sizes of the cellulose fibers produced varied, ranging from 5 to hundreds of micrometers and visible fibrillary fibers

The degree of stability of starch-based edible films during storage varies greatly compared to synthetic films. This work aimed to study the effect of storage temperatures on the stability of sago starch acetate edible film during storage. Edible films produced by casting and storage at 5, 30 and 40 oC temperatures for 34 days. The observed characteristics were crystallinity, contact angle, physical, mechanical and barrier (WVTR) film properties. Sago starch acetate edible films presented lower relative crystallinity (10,10%) and highest contact angle (51,04o) when compared with native starch edible films. The results indicated that sago starch acetate edible films were relatively stable when stored at low (5 oC) and high (30 and 40 oC) temperatures. Storage temperatures did not affect physical properties (solubility, transparency) and mechanical (elongation at break / EAB) of sago starch acetate edible films except tensile strength (TS) and water vapor transmission rate (WVTR). TS values ​​increased at temperatures 30 and 40 oC and WVTR values ​​increased at temperature 30 oC. Changes in physical and mechanical properties occur at the beginning of storage, but then tend to be stable until the end of storage. Sago starch acetate edible films had low physical and mechanical characteristics, that was TS (2.25–4.90 MPa), elongation at break (29.65–89.62%), solubility (15.01–29.61%), transparency (0.91–1.87) and very low WVTR value (0.07–0.33 g/m2.hour) and Ea (-8.6E-04 kJ/mol). Sago starch acetate edible films had good physical and mechanical properties and resistant to moisture, can be used for applications as edible films and coatings for foods that contain high water content. Keywords: edible film, mechanical and physical properties, sago starch acetate, water vapor transmission rate

Several species of Aquilaria and Gyrinops are native to Indonesia and well known as agarwood-producing trees with a high economic value. Their bioactive compounds have a wide spectrum of uses, such as in medicine and cosmetics. These genera have undergone extensive search for novel bioactive compounds. The purpose of this study was to isolate, identify, and characterize the endophytic fungi community associated with Aquilaria malaccensis, A. microcarpa, Gyrinops versteegii, and A. crassna trees and investigate their bioactive properties as antioxidant agents and antagonists. A total of 50 fungi were successfully isolated from different tissues of the four species of agarwood-producing trees. Two isolates exhibited strong antioxidant activity, namely, Apodus oryzae (R2MC3A, IC50 60.92 mg/mL) and Diaporthe sp. (P1DS1[C], IC50 76.65 mg/mL). Two isolates, Pestalotiopsis theae (P3BS3[B]) and Curvularia sp. (P2CD3A), showed >75% antifungal activity against pathogenic Fusarium solani. The results revealed that endophytic fungi associated with the studied agarwood-producing trees had potential antioxidant and antifungal activities for further applications in biotechnology.

Achievement of national palm oil industry as a producer and exporter of crude palm oil (CPO) in the world, it is now giving birth insecurity issues. This is because the growth of upstream and downstream industries of national palm oil that has not been balanced, which in turn encourages the national palm oil industry players to be oriented to the export of CPO which eliminates the added value in the country. On the other hand, though bring in foreign exchange for the country, but is prone commodity export orientation encountered a barriers problem in the international market. It is therefore important to provide a means of monitoring, prediction and assessment to facilitate the formulation of policies more about the marketing of national CPO industry. This research proposed the development of a model framework called adaptive threshold statistical control detection adaptive (SCDA) as a means of monitoring, prediction, and assessment of the movement of national CPO production volume. SCDA idea is to determine the dynamic threshold based mapping pattern historical data and predictions from the aspect of the frequency and trends. SCDA model adapted the techniques of statistical process control (SPC), while the values of the predictions generated from the simulation prediction model developed using the techniques of artificial neural network back propagation (ANN-BP) based on historical data of the national CPO production volume. The data used was the average volume of annual national CPO production period 1967 to 2015. The simulation results showed that the prediction model of national CPO production volume in 2016 until 2018 predicted were31.025 million, 32.214 million, and 34.504 million tons, respectively, while the values of maximum and minimum threshold that was formed in the model predictions SCDA for the period 2016-2018 each sequence were 33,322,065 and 29,246,547, respectively. As far as the literature search results, modeling SCDA has never been done in the research included for monitoring and prediction of national production volume of CPO. Therefore, research on the modeling of SCDA was contributing both to the development of knowledge about modeling as well as in the management of the national supply of CPO. Keywords: adaptive threshold, modelling, artificial neural network, palm oil

Herein we report the application of the reaction products of crude palm oil-based fatty acids and monoethanolamine as sustainable corrosion inhibitors in acidic environments for carbon steels. Reaction products were identified based on FTIR analysis as a mixture of 2-aminoethyl fatty esters and N-(2-hydroxyethyl) fatty amides. Corrosion inhibition effect of these compounds was evaluated by potentiodynamic polarization techniques in 0.5 M HCl. The mixture of fatty esters and fatty amides showed promising potential as an alternative corrosion inhibitor. Inhibition efficiency was found to be 80% at 80 ppm. Thermodynamic and kinetic parameters obtained from the tafel plot displayed an increase in activation energy with a higher inhibitor concentration that led to the decrease in the corrosion rate. Furthermore, physisorption interaction was found to be the main process of the inhibitor’s adsorption on metal surfaces and obeyed the adsorption model of the Langmuir isotherm.

Optimization of sago starch acetylation on tensile strength and contact angle of the edible film was investigated using response surface methodology. The operating conditions were the concentrations of acetic acid anhydride, reaction time and pH. The only concentration of acetic acid anhydride and pH value had a significant effect on tensile strength and contact angle. Both acid concentration and pH value had a negative effect on tensile strength, however, had a positive effect on contact angle. The optimum condition of acetylation for tensile strength and contact angle of edible film sago starch acetate was 44% acetic acid anhydride concentration at pH 8.24 and reaction time of 60 minutes. This combination yields 2.80 MPa tensile strength and contact angle 42.18o of edible film sago starch acetate.

Indonesia merupakan negara yang terkenal dengan jenis–jenis tumbuhan penghasil minyak atsiri namun penggunaannya tidak banyak digunakan untuk diolah menjadi produk jadi seperti obat–obatan. Salah satu minyak atsiri yang sangat potensial dan diproduksi di wilayah Indonesia Timur khususnya Maluku dan Papua adalah minyak lawang. Tujuan yang ingin dicapai adalah membuat produk farmasi analog kurkumin dari minyak lawang dengan jalur sintesis kimia. Terdapat beberapa tahapan proses yang dilakukan, mulai dari proses isolasi safrol dari minyak lawang, proses isomerisasi safrol, proses oksidasi isosafrol dan tahapan proses reaksi kondensasi. Safrol diisolasi dari minyak lawang menggunakan metode kimia (NaOH) dan menghasilkan safrol 17,21%. Proses isomerisasi safrol menghasilkan isosafrol menggunakan sistem bebas pelarut dengan katalis alkali KOH pada suhu 120 o C selama 6 jam diperoleh rendemen 77,56%. Piperonal diperoleh dari reaksi oksidasi isosafrol menggunakan oksidator KMnO 4 sebanyak 65,63%. Produk analog kurkumin simetris (1,5-bis-benzo[1,3]dioxol-5-yl-penta-1,4-dien-3-one) yang diperoleh dari reaksi kondensasi antara piperonal dengan aseton. Rendemen produk menggunakan metode gelombang mikro pada daya 140 watt selama 2 menit adalah 53,3% (t.l=180 o C) dan metode konvensional selama 3 jam adalah 78,43% (t.l=191 o C). Produk analog kurkumin tidak simetris (5-benzo[1,3]dioxol-5-yl-1-phenyl-penta-2,4-dien-1-one) disintesis menggunakan dua tahapan reaksi kondensasi. Tahapan kondensasi yang pertama antara piperonal dengan asetaldehid menggunakan katalis basa dan metanol selama 3 jam diperoleh produk intermediate (3-benzo[1,3]dioxol-5-yl-propenal) 70,28%. Reaksi kondensasi tahap kedua antara produk intermediate dengan asetofenon menggunakan metode gelombang mikro pada daya 140 watt selama 2 menit diperoleh rendemen 82,82% (t.l = 104 o C) dan metode konvensional selama 3 jam diperoleh 99,55% (t.l = 111 o C).

Agromaterials such as starch and fiber are very promising raw materials to reduce our dependence on polystyrene. Corn hominy, a by-product of the corn milling industry, is a potential source to reinforce starch-baked foam. The effects of corn hominy and PVOH addition on mechanical properties of Cassava starch foam were investigated. Different formulations of Cassava starch, corn hominy and PVOH were mixed with liquid to get total solids at 50% and baked in a thermopressing machine at 150–170°C for 2 min. The results showed that corn hominy and PVOH addition can improve compressibility and tensile strength of the foams but gave denser foam and darker color. Ratio of tapioca: corn hominy: PVOH = (75:25):30% gave the best foam properties.

Asymmetric curcumin analogues as potential anticancer compounds. The purpose of this study was to synthesize product 5-benzo[1,3]dioxol-5-yl-1-phenyl-penta-2,4-dien-1-one uses the method conventional and microwaves. Product 5-benzo[1,3]dioxol-5-yl-1-phenyl-penta-2,4-dien-1-one can be synthesized from the cullilawan oils with several stages, among others; isolation safrole, isomerization, oxidation and condensation reactions. Isolation of safrole from cullilawanoils performed using NaOH solution and purified using distillation fractionation pressure reduction produces 19.30% safrole are tested for purity by GCMS and for the identification of the structure is done by using FTIR and 1 H-NMR. The safrole isomerization performed using KOH without solvent at a temperature of 120 o C for 8 hours resulted isosafrole (91.53%) which consists of cis -isosafrol and trans -isosafrol. Oxidation isosafrole performed using KMnO 4 in acidic conditions using a phase transfer catalyst tween 80 at a temperature of o C and separation by silica gel resulted in 65.63% piperonal were tested with the GCMS and identification using FTIR and 1 H-NMR. Products asymmetrical curcumin analogous made in the condition alkaline by conventional methods for three hours produce 99.55%, a method of microwaves in 140 watts for two minutes produce 82.82%.

Realizing the growing extraordinary interest in the development of polymer hydrogels, successful attempt has been made for synthesis of copolymer hydrogels from aqueous solution of acrylamide/bacterial cellulose (AAm/BC) with irradiation processing technology using Co-60 gamma source. The study envisaged to: (i) develop a novel high strength polymer nanocomposite hydrogels containing natural BC, and (ii) investigate chemical structure, morphology, and mechanical strength properties of the formed gels. The effectiveness of AAm/BC hydrogel for wound dressing application was also tested. Structure and properties of composite were investigated using Fourier Transform Infrared spectrophotometer (FTIR), Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC), and Atomic force microscopy (AFM). While investigating the influence of irradiation dose and concentration of acrylamide on gel content, swelling properties and thermal stability of copolymer hydrogel,maximum gel content of prepared hydrogel was obtained at the radiation dose of 40 kGy. Swelling ratio and equilibrium water content increased with increasing irradiation dose and concentration of acrylamide in feed solution. The water absorption of hydrogel increased with increased standing time in swelling medium. It was rapid up to 24 h and got slowed down thereafter. The water absorption also increased with increasing concentration of irradiation dose in the feed solution. The water absorption of copolymer hydrogel obtained at 40 kGy irradiation dose decreased from 1800 to 1400%. This type of diffusion of prepared hydrogel was found to be a non Fickian diffusion. The thermal stability of copolymer hydrogel prepared at the irradiation dose of 40 kGy increased with increasing amount of AAm in the feed solution. The mechanical behavior of composite hydrogels at optimum irradiation dose performed value of tensile and strain at 46.3MPa and 36.6%, respectively.

Supercritical fluid extraction of Zingiber officinale Roscoe has been carried out at a pressure of 16 MPa, with temperatures between 20-40 °C, during extraction time of 6 hours and the flow rate of CO2 fluid 5.5 ml/min. The result of supercritical method was compared with the extraction maceration using a mixture of water and ethanol (70% v/v) for 24 hours. The main content in ginger that has a main role as an antioxidant is a gingerol compound that can help neutralize the damaging effects caused by free radicals in the body, as anti-coagulant, and inhibit the occurrence of blood clots. This study aims to determine the effect of temperature on chemical components contained in rough extract of Zingiber officinale Roscoe and its antioxidant activity, total phenol and total flavonoid content. To determine the chemical components contained in the crude extract of Zingiber officinale Roscoe extracted by supercritical fluid and maceration extraction, GC-MS analysis was performed. Meanwhile, the antioxidant acti...

Isolasi senyawa aktif dari aktinomisetes laut yang memiliki aktivitas antimikroba telah dilakukan. Isolasi aktinomisetes dilakukan dengan pengenceran dan praperlakuan sampel dengan cara pemanasan dan pengasaman. Sampel diambil dari sedimen laut di 6 titik lokasi Pantai Anyer, Banten. Dari total 29 isolat yang diperoleh, isolat A32 merupakan isolat terpilih untuk penelitian lebih lanjut. Isolat A32 memiliki aktivitas antimikroba terhadap Staphylococcus aureus ATCC25923 dan Candida albican BIOMCC00122. Elusidasi struktur kimia menggunakan ESI-LCMS, 1 HNMR, dan COSY menunjukkan bahwa senyawa aktif tersebut memiliki bobot molekul 501,2 g/mol dan rumus molekul C26H35N3O7. Diduga senyawa ini termasuk dalam golongan makrolakton virginiamycin yaitu Madumycin I.

Augmented halal food traceability is expanding the range of halal traceability in food supply chain where currently only available for tracing from the source of raw material to the industrial warehouse or inbound logistic. The halal traceability system must be developed in the integrated form that includes inbound and outbound logistics. The objective of this study was to develop a reliable initial model of integrated traceability system of halal food supply chain. The method was based on unified modeling language (UML) such as use case, sequence, and business process diagram. A goal programming model was formulated considering two objective functions which include (1) minimization of risk of halal traceability failures happened potentially during outbound logistics activities and (2) maximization of quality of halal product information. The result indicates the supply of material is the most important point to be considered in minimizing the risk of failure of halal food traceability system whereas no risk observed in manufacturing and distribution.

Hydrosilylation, a mild and save method, for reduction of fatty nitriles to primary fatty amines has been described. Using catalytic amount of iron(II)-tmphen complex, different long chain of fatty nitriles are reduced in good conversion number. The effect of the reaction times and the silane number toward the conversion was also studied in this work. The analysis by using gas chromatography showed that the the highest fatty nitriles conversion to its primary amines was achieved with nitrile:silane ratio 1:7 at 100°C for 24h under inert gas atmosphere. This commercially available and inexpensive catalyst and silane utilization offer a new method which is accessible for both laboratory and large scale primary fatty amines production.

Normal 0 false false false MicrosoftInternetExplorer4 Dithyocarbamate is an organosulphur compound that has long been known and widely applied in various fields, including in agriculture and industry. Several variants of synthesized vegetable oil-based Zinc-difattyalkyldithyocarbamate were tested its anti-friction/anti-wear performance on four ball machine using the method of ASTM-D2783. Anti-friction/anti-wear test to six of additive variants of Zinc-difattyalkyldithyocarbamate at doses of 1.2% indicated that all variants of the product has welding point value higher than the lube base oil lubricant HVI 60, and from US Steel 136 standard for Hydraulic lubricants, but only two additive variants of Zinc-bis(lauryl palmityl)dithyocarbamate and Zinc-bis(lauryl oleyl)dithyocarbamate which has a larger load wear index value than the standard, and meet the criteria as an additive extreme pressure according to US steel 136 standard. Zinc-bis(lauryl palmityl)dithyocarbamate is an additive variant with the best performance, meet bi-functional lubricant additives criteria, as anti-friction/anti-wear and antioxidant additive. /* Style Definitions */ table.MsoNormalTable {mso-style-name:"Table Normal"; mso-tstyle-rowband-size:0; mso-tstyle-colband-size:0; mso-style-noshow:yes; mso-style-parent:""; mso-padding-alt:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; mso-para-margin:0cm; mso-para-margin-bottom:.0001pt; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; font-size:10.0pt; font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-ansi-language:#0400; mso-fareast-language:#0400; mso-bidi-language:#0400;}

Indonesia is the largest exporter of palm oil in the world, as the largest producer Indonesia still have many problems. The problem caused by incomparable between the growth of upstream and downstream palm oil industries. This impact to low added value of palm oil, then Indonesia exports palm oil in crude form. On the other hand, On the other hand , orientation export of this commodity is also prone of barrier, because Indonesia was not the price setter of this commodity in the international market. Therefore it is important to monitor and predict the development of national palm oil production volume in order to take good anticipation. This research develop a framework model adaptive threshold to monitor the growing of national palm oil production volume with techniques of statistical process control (SPC) and back propagation artificial neural network (ANN - BP) methods. Historical data production volume period from 1967 to 2015 was used as a base of the behavior as data to determine the threshold and prediction volume for next periods. The formation of the threshold value was based on the behavior of the historical data, which are oriented by the epicenter of the average value in the last two periods .Through mapping of data historical period values, existing and forecast values with adaptive threshold can show tolerant level for the threshold. Furthermore, based on the analysis, it is known that the prediction of 2016 to 2018 period, there will be happen the dynamics production volume of national palm oil within tolerance threshold. The values of these predictions generated from the simulation model predictions of ANN-BP with the level very good of validation model, demonstrated the level of squared errors is very small1 in the MSE = 0.00021136 with a degree of output correlation and the target is very strong2 with R Validation is 99.98 percent. Keywords: adaptive threshold, statistical process control, artificial neural network, national palm oil production.

Xylanase is an extracellular enzyme produced bymicroorganisms. This enzyme is able to hydrolise xylane(hemicellulose) to produce xylooligosaccharide and xylose.Thermoalkaliphilic xylanase is an agent that can be used asa substitute in the pulp whitening process instead of chlorine.A study was done to isolate, identificate of bacteria andcharacterize xylanase. The isolation of xylanase producingbacteria has been done from soil and waste of starch industry.Colonies which produced clearing zone were presumedas xylanolytic bacteria and chosen for further screening.Identification of potential isolate in xylanase production wasdone using 16S ribosomal RNA sequencing. Isolate Bacilluspumilus RXA-III5 originated from lime or alkaline soil wasmore potential isolate in xylanase production than other 24isolates. Precipitation of xylanase, that was done usingammonium sulphate followed by dialyzes produced xylanaseof a higher specific activity (267.1 U.mg-1) than that usingacetone (131.1 U.mg-1) and ethanol (186.65 U.mg-1). Xylanasewas done at purification produced three fractions of xylanase.Xylanase characteristics consist of pH and temperature(9 and 50oC), Km and Vmaks value 6 mg.ml-1 and 0.2mol.minute-1, respectively. The Fe2+ was the strongest activetorand Mg2+ was the strongest inhibitor activity. This enzymewas detected as a cellulose-free xylanase. Xylanase is aprospective agent for bio-bleaching of paper.

The optimum conditions for the growth of Bacillus pumilus RXAIII-5 (a potential xylanase producer) were sought, these included temperature, pH, aeration, and agitation of the culture batch. Afterwards a mathematical model based on the parameter of cultivation kinetics was formulated. At the same time, the rheology of the fluid used for bacterial cultivation in a bioreactor was studied. The data obtained was used for estimating the ‘scaling up’ of enzyme production. The results of the study indicate that the optimum condition for processing in 50 ml Erlenmeyer flask are used temperature of 35 o C (308 o K), pH 7, and an agitation rate of 140 rpm. The highest xylanase activity and its specific activity are 297.132 U.ml -1 and 655.32 U.g -1 pr otein, respectively. Subsequent experiments in a bioreactor using all of the experiment parameters mentioned above, except for the agitation rate, shows that the results are as follows. The highest specific growth was at 0.082 hour-1 at an aeration and agitation rate of 0.5 vvm and 150 rpm, respectively. Based on the data of the cultivation kinetics, the optimum conditions for the fermentation in Biostat 2L-bioreactor is 1 vvm and 200 rpm of aeration and agitation, respectively. The efficiency of substrate (Yp/s) and of cell biomass (Y p/x ) to produce xylanase is 50.744 U.g -1 and 43.906 U.g -1 , respectively. The efficiency of substrate to cell production (Yx/s) is 1.178g.g -1 . The liquid cultivation-medium has non-Newtonian properties. Based on a mathematical model it is found that the consistency index (k constant) and index of liquid behavior (n value) are 0.179 g.cm -1 .second -1 and 0.3212, r. Becouse the value of 0 0, the culture liquid is categorized as pseudo plastic one. The Rheynold number (NRe) is 6.9 x 10 3 which indicates it has turbulent characteristics. From a calculation it is found that the power required to run a suitably sized impeller is 0.228 HP (Horse Power) and the power consumption per unit volume is 0.2265 HP.m-3. All these values were used for scaling up xylanase production in the bioreactor.

Determination of Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) and chemical structure elucidation of antibiotic produced by Streptomyces sp A11 have been carried out. Broth of antibiotic was obtained by liquid fermentation using Streptomyces sp A11. Purification of antibiotic was carried out by silica gel column chromatography and preparative HPLC. Structure elucidation was carried out using ESI-MS, 1HNMR, 13CNMR, and 13C DEPT NMR. Pure antibiotic showed inhibition activity to gram negative and gram positive bacteria. MIC to Escherichia coli ATCC 25922 was 27 µg/mL, Pseudomonas aeroginosa ATCC27853 68,7 µg/mL, Staphylococcus aureus ATCC25923 80,2 µg/mL, and Bacillus Subtilis ATCC 66923 73,7 µg/mL. Identification using ESI-MS showed that molecular weight of this antibiotic was 260 g/mol, and molecule formula was C14H16N2O3. Elucidation of chemical structure using 1HNMR, 13CNMR, and 13C DEPT NMR showed that antibiotic was cyclo (tyrosyl-prolyl). They have maximum UV visible absorbance at 210 and 274.5 nm. Keywords : Antibiotic, Streptomyces, Minimum Inhibitory Concentration, Structure Elucidation

Activity anticancer of curcumin analogous influenced by the structure, substituent and geometric isomeric. The purpose of this research was to determine the influence of curcumin analog synthesis methods against anti-cancer activity. The value of IC50 tested in vitro against breast cancer cells T47D uses the MTT method for samples aks (1,5-bis-benzo[1.3]dioxol-5-yl-penta-1,4-dien-3-one) with a method of the process of microwave 257,798 µg/ml better than conventional method 555,276 µg/ml. The results IC50 for samples akas (5-benzo 1.3 dioxol-5-yl-1-phenyl-penta-2,4-dien-1-one) with a method of microwave 7,247 µg/ml better than conventional method 125,300 µg/ml. Microwave method produces a product with a lower melting point and provide the results of anti-cancer activity against breast cancer cells T47D.

Kulit lawang oils are essential oils that are widely available in the Moluccas and oil major component contain eugenol and safrole. Safrole can be converted into value-added products that curcumin analogues. The purpose of this research is to synthesize new compounds curcumin analogues from kulit lawang oils. The steps being taken is isolation safrole, safrole isomerization and oxidation isosafrole produce piperonal. The method synthesis curcumin analogues with piperonal precursor with two methods: conventional and microwave. Results safrole isolation from skin oils mace using alkaline extraction method for 5 hours yield 19.30% were is characterized by GCMS, FTIR and 1H-NMR. Isosafrole proceeds reaction isomerization safrole without the use of solvents for 6 hours at a temperature of 120 ° C obtained yield 77.56% with two products cis-isosafrole (15.4%) and trans-isosafrole (69.34%) were characterized by GC, FTIR and 1H-NMR. Precursors piperonal which was resulting obtained from the oxidation reaction isosafrol using KMnO4 at temperature < 30 °C obtained yield 65.63% were characterized by GCMS, FTIR and 1H-NMR. Results synthesis curcumin analogues (1,5-Bis-benzo [1,3] dioxol-5-yl-penta-1,4-dien-3-one) in the conventional method using 10% NaOH catalyst for 3 hours at a temperature of 25 °C be obtained yield 78.43% and synthesized using microwave at 140 watts for 2 minutes obtained yield 53.3%.

Waste of sago processing, notably hampas (ela) still contains sago starch is waste that has not been utilized optimally yet and causing pollution. Isolation and identification of glucoamylase producer fungus of sago hampas waste were aims to obtain isolates that have gluco-amylolytic properties, and to know glucoamylase activity of selected fungus isolates after grown on artificial medium. Indegeneous isolates that can produced glucoamylase will be use to get sugar hidrolysate from starch of sago hampas waste for bioetanol production. The study was conducted with the following stages: 1)Take the sample from the tennis, 2) Isolation and Identification, 3) Characterization (clear zone), and 4) The production of glucoamylase from selected isolates, The results obtained are: 1) Isolation of fungi gluco-amylolytic from 2 sources sago hampas were produced 10 isolates. Ten isolates were divided into 4 genuses: Gliocladium (as dominant isolate), Aspergilus, Rizhopus and Geotrichum. Isolates of Gliocladium KE gaves the largest degradation of starch on PDA-Starch medium (clear zone), and followed by isolates of Aspergillus GA; 2) Production of glucoamylase on sago hampas with modificated Danial medium (1992) gave the highest activity of Gliocladium KE on the fifth day of incubation, namely: 10.72 U / mL of crude enzyme from the supernatant of fermentation substrate (S), and 17.16 U / mL for crude enzyme from the extract of isopropanol isolation (E).