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3. Stomata: gatekeepers of uptake and defense signaling by green leaf volatiles in maize.

Author

Maleki, Feizollah A, Seidl-Adams, Irmgard, Felton, Gary W, Kersch-Becker, Mônica F, and Tumlinson, James H

Subjects
FALL armyworm, ABSCISIC acid, CORN, METABOLITES, STOMATA
Abstract

Plants adapt to balance growth–defense tradeoffs in response to both biotic and abiotic stresses. Green leaf volatiles (GLVs) are released after biotic and abiotic stresses and function as damage-associated signals in plants. Although, GLVs enter plants primarily through stomata, the role of stomatal regulation on the kinetics of GLV uptake remains largely unknown. Here, we illustrate the effect of stomatal closure on the timing and magnitude of GLV uptake. We closed stomata by either exposing maize (Zea mays) plants to darkness or applying abscisic acid, a phytohormone that closes the stomata in light. Then, we exposed maize seedlings to (Z)-3-hexen-1-ol and compared its dynamic uptake under different stomatal conditions. Additionally, we used (E)-3-hexen-1-ol, an isomer of (Z)-3-hexen-1-ol not made by maize, to exclude the role of internal GLVs in our assays. We demonstrate that closed stomata effectively prevent GLV entry into exposed plants, even at high concentrations. Furthermore, our findings indicate that reduced GLV uptake impairs GLV-driven induction of biosynthesis of sesquiterpenes, a group of GLV-inducible secondary metabolites, with or without herbivory. These results elucidate how stomata regulate the perception of GLV signals, thereby dramatically changing the plant responses to herbivory, particularly under water stress or dark conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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16. Stomatal closure prevents xylem transport of green leaf volatiles and impairs their systemic function in plants.

Author

Maleki, Feizollah A., Seidl‐Adams, Irmgard, Fahimi, Azadeh, Peiffer, Michelle L., Kersch‐Becker, Monica F., Felton, Gary W., and Tumlinson, James H.

Subjects
XYLEM, STOMATA, CORN, GREENHOUSES, BLOOD vessels
Abstract

Plants perceive environmental stresses as whole organisms via distant signals conveying danger messages through their vasculature. In parallel to vascular transport, airborne plant volatile compounds, including green leaf volatiles (GLVs), can bypass the lack of vascular connection. However, some small volatile compounds move through the vasculature; such vascular transport is little known about GLVs. Here we illustrate GLV alcohols as solutes move within xylem vessels in Zea mays. We describe GLV alcohols, including Z‐3‐hexen‐ol and its isomer E‐3‐hexen‐ol, which is not synthesized in maize, moving through the transpiration stream via xylem vessels. Since transpiration is mediated by the stomatal aperture, closing stomata by two independent methods diminishes the transport of GLV alcohol and its isomer. In addition, the lower transport of GLV alcohols impairs their function in inducing terpenoid biosynthesis, suggesting that xylem transport of GLV alcohols plays a significant role in their systemic function. Our study suggests that GLV alcohols, in addition to airborne signals, are transported through xylem vessels. Our findings can be critical in future studies about the perception and function of these compounds in plants. Summary statement: We report that green leaf volatiles, known as airborne signals, move through xylem vessels in plants. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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20. The Chemical Ecology of Sirex noctilio

Author

Crook, Damon J., Böröczky, Katalin, Zylstra, Kelley E., Mastro, Victor C., Tumlinson, James H., Slippers, Bernard, editor, de Groot, Peter, editor, and Wingfield, Michael John, editor

Published
2012
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