1. Zymosan enhances the immune response to DNA vaccine for human immunodeficiency virus type-1 through the activation of complement system
- Author
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Daisuke Hanashi, Yuki Ara, Kenji Okuda, Eri Hagiwara, Yohei Miyagi, Mitsugu Sugiyama, Norihisa Ishii, Takuji Yoshida, Tomoyuki Saito, Hidechika Okada, Toshitaka Takagi, Tumihisa Koshino, and Susumu Kawamoto
- Subjects
T cell ,Immunology ,Biology ,HIV Antibodies ,DNA vaccination ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Mice ,Mice, Inbred AKR ,Immune system ,Adjuvants, Immunologic ,Immunity ,medicine ,Vaccines, DNA ,Immunology and Allergy ,Cytotoxic T cell ,Animals ,Muscle, Skeletal ,Complement Activation ,AIDS Vaccines ,Immunity, Cellular ,Mice, Inbred BALB C ,Zymosan ,Original Articles ,Complement system ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,chemistry ,Immunoglobulin G ,Alternative complement pathway ,HIV-1 ,Cytokines ,Female ,Immunization ,T-Lymphocytes, Cytotoxic - Abstract
In the present study, the adjuvant effect of zymosan on human immunodeficiency virus type-1 (HIV-1)-specific DNA vaccine and the mechanism of this enhancement were studied in a murine model. We coinoculated zymosan with our candidate HIV-1 specific DNA vaccine (pCMV160IIIB) into skeletal muscles of BALB/c mice. Higher levels of both humoral immune response and HIV-specific delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH) response were observed when zymosan was coinoculated with pCMV160IIIB compared with that obtained using pCMV160IIIB alone. HIV-specific cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) activity was also enhanced. This enhancing activity was suppressed when coinoculated to the fifth complement (C5)-deficient DDD and AKR mice. The enhanced activity was also suppressed when anti-C3 antibody was inoculated to mice intramuscularly. There was significant induction of immunoglobulin G2a (IgG2a) and interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) in pCMV160IIIB vaccine with zymosan. These results suggest that zymosan-mediated DNA vaccination enhances helper T cell (Th) 1-mediated immunity. The effect is suggested to be based on the consequences of its recruitment and activation of macrophages, dendritic cells or antigen-presenting cells (APC) through complement activation, especially through the alternative pathway. Taken together, these results suggest that zymosan can be an effective immunological adjuvant in DNA vaccination against HIV-1.
- Published
- 2001