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In this clinical vignette, we describe a case of a patient with windsock-like posterior mitral annulus perforation at the site of annular calcification caused by infective endocarditis. Three-dimensional transesophageal images of the perforation resembling an "alien's mouth" are very striking for how 3-dimensional imaging can improve visualization of anatomy of the heart. (

Thoracic air leak syndromes (TALS) are very rare among the noninfectious pulmonary complications (PCs). They can either be idiopathic or have several risk factors such as allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT), graft versus host disease and rarely pulmonary aspergillosis. We present a 14-year-old girl with hypoplastic myelodysplastic syndrome who developed graft versus host disease on day 60, TALS on day 150, bronchiolitis obliterans syndrome on day 300, pulmonary aspergillosis on day 400 and COVID-19 pneumonia on day 575 after allo-HSCT. This is the first report of a child who developed these subsequent PCs after allo-HSCT. Therefore, the manifestations of these unfamiliar PCs like TALS and COVID-19 pneumonia, and concomitant pulmonary aspergillosis with management options are discussed.

Many factors and technical problems may alter the interpretation of electrocardiograms (ECGs). Infrequently, an artifact is considered to be the cause of ST-segment elevation, especially in asymptomatic patients. An important difference between true ST-segment elevation attributable to myocardial infarction and an artifact is that the baseline elevation in an artifact may begin before or after the onset of the QRS complex. When one encounters an abnormal ECG that exhibits suspicious wave contours and possibly only one completely normal limb lead, the diagnosis of arterial pulse artifact should be considered.

The effective use of social media, which has become an indispensable tool for companies due to the advantages it has achieved in reaching the target group, has become an important issue. In this study, the feeds of Twitter users about competitors in the cosmetics, marketplace and electronic sectors and the feeds shared by the companies’ corporate Twitter accounts during February 2018 were analysed using Social Media Mining method. A success ranking was made by evaluating the measurement criteria of Twitter effectiveness consisting of number of tweets, tweet value, follower gain, number of responses, number of retweets and number of likes and it was determined that the most successful company was from cosmetics and the lowest ranked company was from electronic sector. In order to determine tweet value, Sentiment Analysis was carried out and the number of positive tweets was found to be higher for the cosmetics companies., Bu çalışmanın amacı farklı sektörlerde faaliyet gösteren lider rakip firmaların sosyal medya etkinliklerinin ölçülmesidir. Bu kapsamda, 2018 Şubat ayı boyunca Twitter kullanıcılarının kozmetik, pazaryeri ve elektronik sektöründe faaliyet gösteren rakip firmalar hakkında yaptıkları paylaşımlar ve bu firmaların kurumsal Twitter hesaplarından yapmış oldukları paylaşımlar Sosyal Medya Madenciliği yöntemi ile analiz edilmiştir. Firmalar hakkındaki tweet sayısı, tweet değeri (olumlu, olumsuz, nötr), takipçi kazanımı, yanıt sayısı, retweet sayısı ve beğeni sayısı başlıklarından oluşan Twitter etkinliğinin ölçüm kriterleri ele alınarak bir başarı sıralaması yapılmış ve en başarılı firmanın kozmetik, en düşük sıralamaya sahip firmanın ise elektronik sektöründen olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Tweet değerini saptayabilmek için Duygu Analizi gerçekleştirilmiştir ve olumlu tweet oranının kozmetik firmaları için daha fazla olduğu sonucuna ulaşılmıştır.

Objective: The determination of obesity that develops with an increase in the percentage of fat in the body may not always be possible in the real sense with body mass index, which is frequently used in practice. This study aimed to compare the results obtained from body mass index and bioelectrical impedance analysis measurements in evaluating obesity in Turkish school-aged children using age-related percentile curves. Materials and Methods: The study included 1127 children (604 boys and 523 girls) recruited from a screening of the schools in the city center of Isparta between May 20 and June 20, 2014. Body mass index was calculated, and the variables of fat mass, body fat percentage, fat-free body mass, and total body water were measured with a Tanita BC-418 MA device. Results: According to the body mass index values, 23.8% of the study sample was overweight/obese, and according to bioelectrical impedance analysis, this rate was 14.7%. When examined by gender, males' overweight/obese ratio was 19.9% (overweight 11.3% and obese 8.6%) according to body mass index and 12.9% (overweight 7.1% and obese 5.8%) using the bioelectrical impedance analysis method. In females, the overweight/obese ratio was 19% (overweight 9.4%, obese 9.6%) according to body mass index and 16.7% (overweight 9.6% and obese 7.1%) using the bioelectrical impedance analysis method. Conclusion: The results obtained from the weight-based body mass index method were not consistent with the body fat percentage results obtained with the bioelectrical impedance analysis method. Since the fat ratio is also crucial in evaluating obesity, care should be taken when diagnosing obesity using body mass index only.

Veri madenciliği büyük veriden anlamlı bilgi çıkarma sürecidir. Çok yaygın uygulama alanı bulan veri madenciliği tekniği bu çalışmada bir e-ticaret web sitesine uygulanmıştır. Bu çalışmada internet üzerinden alışveriş yapan kişilerin profillerinin elde edilmesi ve hangi e-ticaret sitelerini bir arada kullandıklarının belirlenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Bu amaçla Birliktelik kuralları analizi uygulanmıştır. Destek, güven ve kaldıraç oranları ile hem web sitelerinin hem de tüketicilerin satın alma işlemi gerçekleştirdiği ürün kategorilerinin sıralama işlemleri gerçekleştirilmiştir. Uygulamada R programlama dili kullanılmış, analiz sonuçları Apriori ve Eclat algoritmaları ile elde edilmiştir.

Objective ABO blood group (ABO) incompatibility is a common cause of neonatal indirect hyperbilirubinemia. The direct antiglobulin test (DAT) can identify infants developing hemolytic disease. This study aims to evaluate the significance of DAT positivity among neonates with ABO incompatibility. Study Design This retrospective study included 820 neonates with blood group A or B who were born to blood group O mothers. The study group consisted of neonates (n = 79) who had positive DAT, and the control group consisted of infants (n = 741) who had negative DAT. Demographic and clinical data of the neonates regarding jaundice were collected and compared statistically. Results The bilirubin level at 24 hours of life (study group: 8 ± 2.6 mg/dL, control group: 6 ± 2.2 mg/dL, p Conclusion In neonates with ABO incompatibility, a positive DAT is a risk factor for developing significant hyperbilirubinemia. Close follow-up of newborn infants with ABO incompatibility is crucial for early detection and treatment of neonatal jaundice to avoid early and late complications. Key Points

Introduction: maternal anti-SARS-CoV-2 Spike antibodies can cross the placenta during pregnancy, and neonates born to infected mothers have acquired antibodies at birth. Few studies reported data on the histopathological changes of the placenta during infection and placental infection. SARS-CoV-2 infection may cause impaired development of the placenta, thus predisposing maternal and fetal unfavorable outcomes. The prospective study aims to evaluate the risk of vertical transmission of SARS-CoV-2 and placental passage of anti-Spike antibodies as well as the impact of clinical severity on placental structures. Methods: this is a prospective cohort study on 30 pregnant women infected by SARS-CoV-2 with their neonates. The demographic features and pregnancy outcomes were collected. Gross and microscopic examinations of the placentas were done. Maternal and umbilical cord sera were obtained at the time of delivery. Nasopharyngeal swabs were collected from neonates immediately after birth. Results: the concentrations of total anti-SARS-CoV-2 Spike antibodies were higher in pregnant women with moderate to severe/critical disease. The maternal total anti-SARS-CoV-2 Spike levels were correlated with those of neonatal levels. The rate of placental abnormalities is high in the mothers with severe disease, and those with positive anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgM. All neonates had negative nasopharyngeal swabs for SARS- CoV-2 infections and all placentas were negative in immunohistochemical staining for Spike protein. Discussion: the maternally derived anti-SARS-CoV-2 Spike antibody can transmit to neonates born to infected mothers regardless of gestational age. Our results indicated that the disease severity is associated with ischemic placental pathology which may result in adverse pregnancy outcomes., NA

The birth weight (BW) for gestational age (GA) ensure a fair assessment of the nutritional status of small for gestational (SGA) infants. Ponderal index (PI) is used to identify wasting. This study aims to evaluate the association between PI values and short-term complications of term SGA infants and evaluate the reliability of PI. A total of 489 term SGA infants were included in this retrospective study. According to the PI values, the neonates were divided into three groups. Group 1 consisted of infants with low PI (PI < 10th percentile) (n=45), group 2 consisted of infants with appropriate PI (PI 10th-90th percentile) (n=405) and the ones with high PI (PI> 90th percentile) (n=39) constituted group 3. Demographic and clinical data of the mothers and neonates including clinical and laboratory assessments were collected and compared statistically. No difference was observed between the groups other than the incidence of hypoglycemia, jaundice requiring treatment and hospitalization rate, which were all significantly higher in low PI group than the group 2 and 3 (p=0.01, p=0.006 and p=0.04, respectively). None of the babies had severe morbidity or died.Conclusion: Although short-term complications were higher in term SGA infants with low PI, all term SGA infants should be defined as high-risk neonates and deserve special neonatal care and surveillance to prevent short-term complications.

To evaluate the correlation between total serum and transcutaneous bilirubin and to determine the reliability of transcutaneous bilirubinometry for screening and monitoring of neonatal jaundice among preterms. Ninety nine infants with gestational ages ≤34 weeks were prospectively enrolled. Babies were classified into three groups as; 24–28, 29–31, and 32–34 weeks. Total serum bilirubin and simultaneous transcutaneous bilirubin were measured before the onset of phototheraphy, during and at 24 h after discontinuing phototherapy. Total serum bilirubin significantly correlated with transcutaneous bilirubin in the whole cohort (r = 0.867, p

Bu çalışma, farklı sektörlerde faaliyet gösteren rakip firmaların Twitter verilerini analiz ederek, firmaların Twitter verilerinin firmalara göre anlamlı bir uyum gösterip göstermediğinin tespit edilmesini, firmaların Twitter’da paylaştıkları içeriklerin kümelenmesini ve hangi içerik kümesinin en fazla etkileşime yol açtığının belirlenmesini amaçlamaktadır. Bu kapsamda, 2017 yılı boyunca kozmetik, elektronik ve pazaryeri sektörlerinde faaliyet gösteren rakip firmalar tarafından paylaşılan Twitter verileri, Sosyal Medya Madenciliği süreci izlenerek analiz edilmiştir. Firmaların Twitter verilerinin firmalara göre anlamlı bir uyum gösterip göstermediği Uygunluk Analizi ile tespit edilmiştir. Firmaların Twitter paylaşımları ise Metin Madenciliği ön işleme metotlarından faydalanılarak “Özel Teklif”, “Yarışma & Etkinlik”, “Ürün”, “Sosyal”, “Destek & Geri Bildirim” ve “Özel Etkileşim” kategori başlıklarıyla kümelenmiştir. Firmaların elde ettikleri etkileşimlerin büyük bir çoğunluğunun azınlıktaki paylaşımlardan gelmesi sebebi ile hangi içerik kümesinin en fazla etkileşime yol açtığı Pareto İlkesi yardımı ile belirlenmiştir.

Background: healthcare-acquired infections (HAIs) in the neonatal period cause substantial morbidity, mortality, and healthcare costs. Our purpose was to determine the prevalence of HAIs, antimicrobial susceptibility of causative agents, and the adaptivity of the Centres for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) criteria in neonatal HAI diagnosis. Methods: a HAI point prevalence survey was conducted in the neonatal intensive care units (NICUs) of 31 hospitals from different geographic regions in Turkey. Results: the Point HAI prevalence was 7.6%. Ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) and central line-associated bloodstream infections (CLABSI) and late onset sepsis were predominant. The point prevalence of VAP was 2.1%, and the point prevalence of CLABSI was 1.2% in our study. The most common causative agents in HAIs were Gram-negative rods (43.0%), and the most common agent was Klebsiella spp (24.6%); 81.2% of these species were extended spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL) (+). Blood culture positivity was seen in 33.3% of samples taken from the umbilical venous catheter, whereas 0.9% of samples of peripherally inserted central catheters (PICCs) were positive. In our study, 60% of patients who had culture positivity in endotracheal aspirate or who had purulent endotracheal secretions did not have any daily FiO2 change (p = 0.67) and also 80% did not have any increase in positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) (p = 0.7). On the other hand, 18.1% of patients who had clinical deterioration compatible with VAP did not have endotracheal culture positivity (p = 0.005). Conclusions: neonatal HAIs are frequent adverse events in district and regional hospitals. This at-risk population should be prioritized for HAI surveillance and prevention programs through improved infection prevention practices, and hand hygiene compliance should be conducted. CDC diagnostic criteria are not sufficient for NICUs. Future studies are warranted for the diagnosis of HAIs in NICUs., NA

WOS:000598152600005 PubMed: 33381694 OBJECTIVE: This study aims to investigate the associations between celiac disease (CD) and children's life quality and empathy level. METHODS: In this study, all participants aged 8-14 years completed the Turkish version of the Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory and Index of Empathy for Children and Adolescents. Parents were also applied to the structured survey. RESULTS: This study included a study group consisting of 45 children with celiac disease and a control group with 48 healthy children. The total scores of PedsQL were significantly lower for children with celiac disease when compared to the control group (p

Objective: To determine if near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS), which is easier to obtain than Doppler ultrasonography (USG), may be used in accordance with Doppler USG to provide additional data for assessment of organ blood flow velocities in preterm infants with hemodynamically significant PDA. Study design: Thirty-one infants who were treated with ibuprofen for closure of PDA were monitored continuously with NIRS. Cerebral, mesenteric, and renal arterial blood flow velocities were measured with Doppler USG before and after the treatment. Results: While cerebral, mesenteric, and renal fractional oxygen extraction (FTOE) measurements decreased significantly (p = .042, p < .001, p < .001, respectively), NIRS measurements (p = .016, p < .001, p < .001, respectively) and mean blood flow velocities (p = .003, p = .011, p = .002, respectively) increased significantly after the treatment. There was a significant correlation between pretreatment cerebral and mesenteric FTOE and resistive index (RI) values (r = 0.45, p = .01, and r = 0.46, p = .01, respectively). However, no correlation was observed between renal FTOE values and renal RI (r = 0.33, p = .06). Posttreatment cerebral, renal, and mesenteric FTOE values correlated positively with corresponding RI (r = 0.41, p = .02; r = 0.39, p = .02; r = 0.65, p < 01; respectively). Pretreatment and posttreatment cerebral, mesenteric, and renal FTOE values and arterial mean velocities were inversely correlated (pretreatment: r = 0.69, p < .01; r = 0.72, p < .01; r = 0.77, p < .01; posttreatment: r = 0.54, p = .01; r = 0.69, p < .01; r = 0.38, p = .01; respectively). Conclusion: As Doppler and NIRS measurements correlated significantly, we concluded that NIRS might be used in monitoring organ blood flow in preterm infants with PDA, which may provide additional data for management of this condition.

Nocardia spp is a gram-positive aerobic filamentous bacteria that causes pulmonary and systemic infections, especially in patients with immunosuppression or chronic lung diseases. It is rarely reported in children with cystic fibrosis. Macrophage activation syndrome is a life-threatening disease with an excessive inflammatory response usually triggered by infections. There are few reports in cystic fibrosis related to macrophage activation syndrome. Herein we report a child with cystic fibrosis who had macrophage activation syndrome due to Nocardia infection.

We aimed to investigate the association between thyroid hormone levels and transient tachypnea of the newborn (TTN) among late-preterm, early-term, and term infants admitted to neonatal intensive care unit (NICU).In the current retrospective study, neonates admitted to the NICU due to TTN were assigned to the TTN group (n = 404). Healthy neonates who were followed up in the well-baby nursery comprised the control group (n = 7335). Infants were grouped by gestational age into late-preterm (34-36Compared to control infants, term neonates with TTN had significantly higher TSH levels, whereas late-preterm and early-term neonates with TTN had significantly lower TInfants admitted to NICU due to TTN had significantly different thyroid hormone levels with differences depending on gestational age.

Adrenal incidentalomas (AIs) are usually discovered incidentally after imaging unrelated to adrenal glands. We aimed to evaluate standard risk factors for systemic atherosclerosis and echocardiographic changes in patients with nonfunctioning AIs and compare them with normal subjects. We evaluated 70 patients diagnosed with AIs and 51 healthy controls. Mean levels were determined for HbA1c, LDL, uric acid, fasting plasma insulin, HOMA, and neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), and these values were found to be significantly higher in the patients than the controls. The mean left atrial diameter, interventricular septum thickness, posterior wall thickness, left ventricular mass, E-wave deceleration time, isovolumetric relaxation time, and the median ratio of the early transmittal flow velocity to the early diastolic tissue velocity (E/Em) were higher in patients with AIs compared to controls. The mitral annular early diastolic velocity was lower in patients with AIs. The mean aortic diastolic diameter, stiffness index (SI), and aortic strain were higher, and aortic distensibility was lower in the patients. The mean right ventricular diameter, right atrial major-axis diameter, and right atrial minor-axis diameter were statistically higher in the patient group than the controls. A negative correlation was found between the NLR and aortic strain and aortic distensibility, while a positive correction was found between the NLR and SI. We found altered left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) echocardiographic findings in patients with AIs without known cardiovascular disease. Aortic stiffness was also increased. These changes may be related to an increase in cardiovascular risk factors in AI patients.

To examine the prokinetic effect of clarithromycin in very low birth weight (VLBW) preterm infants.VLBW preterm infants who have not achieved half of the full enteral feeding in the second week of life were enrolled in the study. The infants enrolled in the study were randomized. Twenty infants received oral clarithromycin (7.5 mg/kg, twice a day) and 20 control infants did not receive any treatment.Full enteral feeding was attained earlier in the clarithromycin group than in the control group [7 (6-9) versus 9 (9-11) days, respectively; p .001]. Duration of parenteral nutrition and number of withheld feeds were significantly lower in the clarithromycin group (p = .013 and p .001, respectively). Parenteral nutrition-associated cholestasis (n = 1 versus 3, p = .1) and length of hospital stay (50 versus 59 median days, p = .1) tend to be lower in the clarithromycin group without any statistical significance. We observed no adverse effect of clarithromycin therapy.Clarithromycin treatment in VLBW preterm infants resulted in better toleration of enteral feeding. Larger randomized controlled trials are needed to establish routine use of clarithromycin in the treatment of feeding intolerance.

Jaundice is one of the most common problems in the newborn. It is generally accepted as a physiologic condition; most cases are benign and transient. However, in a small portion of jaundiced newborn infants, serum bilirubin concentrations increase to a level at which irreversible brain damage can occur. The timely diagnosis and management of severe hyperbilirubinemia is essential to prevent acute bilirubin encephalopathy and kernicterus. Kernicterus still occurs although it is almost always preventable. The focus of this guideline is to reduce the incidence of severe hyperbilirubinemia and bilirubin encephalopathy. Therefore, a system-based approach using the recommendations of this guideline should be implemented in all birthing facilities and continued in ambulatory care of the newborn infants. / Sarılık yenidoğan bebeklerde sık görüllen bulgulardan biridir. Normal fizyolojik bir durum olarak kabul edilir; genellikle selim, geçici bir durumdur. Ancak yenidoğanların küçük bir bölümünde geri dönüşümsüz ciddi beyin hasarı için tehdit oluşturabilen düzeylere erişebilir. Zamanında tanı konup tedavi edildiğinde akut bilirubin ensefalopatisi ve kernikterus önlenebilir. Kernikterus her zaman önlenebilir bir durum olmasına rağmen halen görülmektedir. Bu kılavuzun amacı ciddi hiperbilirubinemi sıklığını ve bilirubin ensefalopatisini azaltmaktır. Bundan dolayı bu kılavuzun önerilerinin tüm doğum yapılan kurumlarda ve taburcu etme sonrası izlemde kullanılmasını sağlamak önemlidir., NA

Beken, Serdar/0000-0002-8609-2684; BAS, AHMET YAGMUR/0000-0002-1329-2167; Bulbul, Ali/0000-0002-3510-3056; Karatekin, Guner/0000-0001-7112-0323, WOS: 000534242500056, PubMed: 31851725, Objective To investigate the early neonatal outcomes of very-low-birth-weight (VLBW) infants discharged home from neonatal intensive care units (NICUs) in Turkey. Material and methods A prospective cohort study was performed between April 1, 2016 and April 30, 2017. the study included VLBW infants admitted to level III NICUs. Perinatal and neonatal data of all infants born with a birth weight of.1500 g were collected for infants who survived. Results Data from 69 NICUs were obtained. the mean birth weight and gestational age were 1137 +/- 245 g and 29 +/- 2.4 weeks, respectively. During the study period, 78% of VLBW infants survived to discharge and 48% of survived infants had no major neonatal morbidity. VLBW infants who survived were evaluated in terms of major morbidities: bronchopulmonary dysplasia was detected in 23.7% of infants, necrotizing enterocolitis in 9.1%, blood culture proven late-onset sepsis (LOS) in 21.1%, blood culture negative LOS in 21.3%, severe intraventricular hemorrhage in 5.4% and severe retinopathy of prematurity in 11.1%. Hemodynamically significant patent ductus arteriosus was diagnosed in 24.8% of infants. Antenatal steroids were administered to 42.9% of mothers. Conclusion the present investigation is the first multicenter study to include epidemiological information on VLBW infants in Turkey. Morbidity rate in VLBW infants is a serious concern and higher than those in developed countries. Implementation of oxygen therapy with appropriate monitoring, better antenatal and neonatal care and control of sepsis may reduce the prevalence of neonatal morbidities. Therefore, monitoring standards of neonatal care and implementing quality improvement projects across the country are essential for improving neonatal outcomes in Turkish NICUs., Turkish Neonatal Society [2-2016]; Turkish Neonatal Society, This study was supported by the Turkish Neonatal Society, http://www.neonatology.org.tr, number 2-2016, received by AYB. Turkish Neonatal Society funded the study's online registry system. the funder had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript.

NA

BACKGROUND The aim of this study was to evaluate the relationship between umbilical cord blood interleukin (IL)-6 concentration and preterm morbidity and mortality in premature infants born with fetal inflammatory response syndrome (FIRS). METHODS This prospective, observational study included 84 preterm infants with a gestational age of 24-36 weeks who had been admitted to the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU). FIRS was defined as umbilical cord blood IL-6 > 11 pg/mL. In premature infants with FIRS, morbidities (multiple organ failure [MOF], respiratory distress syndrome [RDS], patent ductus arteriosus, intraventricular hemorrhage, bronchopulmonary dysplasia, retinopathy of prematurity) and death were evaluated. Critical umbilical cord blood IL-6 concentrations for the development of RDS, death, and for MOF were determined in premature infants with FIRS. RESULTS Fifty-two infants with IL-6 concentration > 11 pg/mL constituted the FIRS group. Thirty-two infants without FIRS served as a control group. RDS, MOF, and mortality were significantly higher in the FIRS group (P = 0.001, P = 0.001, and P = 0.005, respectively). Umbilical cord blood IL-6 concentration > 26.7 pg/mL in the FIRS group was found to be predictive of RDS, with 70% sensitivity and 85% specificity. Umbilical cord blood IL-6 concentration > 37.7 pg/mL was found to be predictive of death, with 78.6% sensitivity and 60% specificity. The predictive value of IL-6 for the development of MOF was 17.5 pg/mL, with 91% sensitivity and 66% specificity. CONCLUSIONS Umbilical cord blood IL-6 concentration > 26.7, 37.7, and 17.5 pg/mL in premature infants with FIRS was found to be predictive for RDS, death, and MOF, respectively.

Preterm birth rates are on the increase all over the world and continue to be an important cause for neonatal mortality and morbidity. Although clinical investigations and statistics have traditionally focused on premature infants born at a gestational age of 32 weeks or less, this increase is related to the increase in late preterm births and compared to term births, late preterms have increased risk of mortality and morbidity (1). National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHHD) defines late preterm births as births between 340/7 to 366/7 weeks (2). These infants are usually considered to be developmentally and functionally as mature as term newborns and both obstetricians and neonatologists tend to consider these newborns to be protected from common perinatal problems. However, late preterm infants are more likely to develop problems such as respiratory distress, apnea, feeding intolerance, hyperbilirubinemia, hypoglycemia and hypothermia (3). Moreover, the prevalance of these problems may be different in each country. Therefore, determining the risk factors in these infants leads to more comprehensive preventive and treatment strategies. Late preterm infants who have potentially higher risk for morbidity and hospitalization require closer monitoring and follow-up. In order to understand their needs better, we aimed to analyse the rate of late preterm births among a large cohort of births and determine risk factors as well as mortality and short term outcomes.

The aim of this study is to evaluate cerebellar growth of preterm infants with intraventricular hemorrhage. Vermis height (VH) and transverse cerebellar diameter (TCD) were measured by cranial ultrasound in 18 preterm infants (26-30 weeks) with intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH) at first 3 days of life and at term equivalent age (TEA). IVH was diagnosed by ultrasonography and scaled in accordance with the definitions by Papile et al. Measurements were compared with 18 preterm (26-30 weeks) infants without IVH. Both VH and TCD of preterm infants with IVH were significantly lower than those of preterm ones without IVH at TEA (p

Objective: We investigated the effects of delayed and early clamping of the cord on the hematologic status of the baby at birth and at the end of second month.Methods: Umbilical cord of 74 babies were clamped in the first 30 s (Group 1) and 76 were clamped at 90–120 s (Group 2). Levels of hemoglobin, hematocrit, iron and ferritin were analyzed from the umbilical cord blood at birth and from the venous samples at the end of second month.Results: Hemoglobin, hematocrit, iron and ferritin levels of cord blood were similar in both groups. However, their levels other than ferritin were higher in Group 2 at the end of second month. Two babies had respiratory distress and twelve neonates received phototherapy in Group 2 whereas only five neonates received phototherapy in Group 1.Conclusion: Term babies to whom delayed cord clamping was performed had improved hematological parameters at the end of second month. Therefore, delaying cord clamping in these babies may be a favorible approach in preventing anemia.

WOS: 000362112100003 PubMed ID: 26196367 Exposure to the pressure experienced by higher birth weight babies during the intrauterine period might cause hip dysplasia. The aim of this study is to determine the effect of birth weight in newborns on hip ultrasonography when the paternal and maternal risk factors are excluded. A total of 701 babies born at 38-42 gestational weeks were included in the study. Hip ultrasonography was performed within 7 days following birth using the Graf technique in the babies without risk factors for developmental dysplasia of the hip. Images obtained were controlled with respect to conformity to the Graf method and angular measurements were performed. According to the and angle values obtained, type 1A and 1B hips were categorized as mature; type 2A hips were categorized as immature; and type 2C, D, 3A, 3B, and 4 hips were categorized as pathological hips. The results obtained were analyzed for the effect of birth weight on the angular values and hip typing. The birth weight of the babies was 338488 +/- 48241g (2030-6124g). It was determined that the birth weight had no effect on the values of and angles in the male babies (P=0.21, 0.76). It was determined that increasing birth weight decreased the angle value (P=0.001) and caused no difference in the angle value (P=0.057) in the female babies. It was found that birth weight had no effect on hip typing in both female and male babies (P=0.060, 0.22). Increases in birth weights caused decreases in ultrasonographic angles only in female babies.

To compare the blood flow velocities of superior mesenteric artery (SMA) before versus after clarithromycin treatment for feeding intolerance in very low-birth weight infants.A prospective study was conducted in a group of infant1500 g with feeding intolerance who received clarithromycin 7.5 mg/kg/dose bid. Before and at the third day of the clarithromycin therapy, SMA blood flow velocity was measured with Doppler ultrasound.SMA peak systolic velocity (PSV) and mean systolic velocity (MV) on the third day of the treatment was found significantly higher than the initial measurement (p = 0.013 and p = 0.027, respectively). End diastolic velocity of the SMA did not change with clarithromycin therapy (p = 0.113). There were no significant changes about pulsatility and resistive index of SMA with regard to clarithromycin therapy.Clarithromycin effects the splanchnic circulation. The rise in PSV and MV in SMA is remarkable. These results suggest that the splanchnic blood flow increases significantly after clarithromycin usage.

One of the most challenging aspects in the management of neonates with late-onset neonatal sepsis (LOS) is to make the diagnosis. Presepsin is a novel and promising marker of sepsis. The aim of this study was to assess the role of presepsin in the diagnosis of LOS in preterm infants.Forty-two premature newborns ≤32 weeks gestational age with a diagnosis of LOS were prospectively involved in the study. Forty gestational and postnatal age-matched infants without sepsis served as controls. Levels of presepsin, C-reactive protein, and procalcitonin were measured at enrollment and on the third and seventh days of sepsis.Initial presepsin levels in the LOS group were significantly higher than in the control group (1024 pg/mL, min-max: 295-8202; versus 530 pg/mL, min-max: 190-782; p 0.0001). The area under the receiver-operating curve for presepsin was 0.864. A presepsin value of 800.5 pg/mL was established as a cut-off value, with 67% sensitivity and 100% specificity. Presepsin levels gradually decreased during treatment.Presepsin can be used as a reliable biomarker for LOS and treatment response in preterm infants. However, we could not demonstrate the efficacy of presepsin for the detection of disease severity or prognosis.

The pathophysiologies of bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) are inflammation, infection, tissue damage, angiogenesis defects and genetic susceptibility. Because of the role of the vitamin D binding protein (Gc globulin) on these factors, we investigated the relationship between Gc globulin polymorphisms and BPD. This case-control study was performed with 160 neonates (⩽32 gestational ages, ⩽1500 g). PCR DNA sequence analyses were used for GC gene rs4588 and rs7041 single-nucleotide polymorphisms. In the univariate analyses, it was observed that Gc2 was the only variant that was protective against BPD (Odd ratio (OR)=0.47, 95% coinfidence interval (CI)=0.24 to 0.89, P=0.020). In the multivariate analyses, Gc2 decreased the risk of disease (OR=0.15, 95% CI=0.029 to 0.79, P=0.026) independent of gestational age, birth weight, 5-min Appearance, Pulse, Grimace, Activity, and Respiration scores, respiratory distress syndrome and sepsis. The Gc2 variant was, after adjusting for confounders, associated with a decrease in the frequency of BPD. Our study adds Gc globulin to the list of candidate genes that potentially contribute to the etiology of the disease.