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196 results on '"Tufte, Gunnar"'

2. On Artificial Life and Emergent Computation in Physical Substrates

Author

Heiney, Kristine, Tufte, Gunnar, and Nichele, Stefano

Subjects
Quantitative Biology - Neurons and Cognition, Computer Science - Artificial Intelligence
Abstract

In living systems, we often see the emergence of the ingredients necessary for computation -- the capacity for information transmission, storage, and modification -- begging the question of how we may exploit or imitate such biological systems in unconventional computing applications. What can we gain from artificial life in the advancement of computing technology? Artificial life provides us with powerful tools for understanding the dynamic behavior of biological systems and capturing this behavior in manmade substrates. With this approach, we can move towards a new computing paradigm concerned with harnessing emergent computation in physical substrates not governed by the constraints of Moore's law and ultimately realize massively parallel and distributed computing technology. In this paper, we argue that the lens of artificial life offers valuable perspectives for the advancement of high-performance computing technology. We first present a brief foundational background on artificial life and some relevant tools that may be applicable to unconventional computing. Two specific substrates are then discussed in detail: biological neurons and ensembles of nanomagnets. These substrates are the focus of the authors' ongoing work, and they are illustrative of the two sides of the approach outlined here -- the close study of living systems and the construction of artificial systems to produce life-like behaviors. We conclude with a philosophical discussion on what we can learn from approaching computation with the curiosity inherent to the study of artificial life. The main contribution of this paper is to present the great potential of using artificial life methodologies to uncover and harness the inherent computational power of physical substrates toward applications in unconventional high-performance computing., Comment: Accepted conference paper. HPCS2020, Session 3: BICAS

Published
2020

3. flatspin: A Large-Scale Artificial Spin Ice Simulator

Author

Jensen, Johannes H., Strømberg, Anders, Lykkebø, Odd Rune, Penty, Arthur, Själander, Magnus, Folven, Erik, and Tufte, Gunnar

Subjects
Physics - Computational Physics, Condensed Matter - Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics
Abstract

We present flatspin, a novel simulator for systems of interacting mesoscopic spins on a lattice, also known as artificial spin ice (ASI). Our magnetic switching criteria enables ASI dynamics to be captured in a dipole model. Through GPU acceleration, flatspin can simulate realistic dynamics of millions of magnets within practical time frames. We demonstrate flatspin's versatility through the reproduction of a diverse set of established experimental results from the literature. In particular, magnetization details of "pinwheel" ASI during field-driven reversal have been reproduced, for the first time, by a dipole model. The simulation framework enables quick exploration and investigation of new ASI geometries and properties at unprecedented speeds.

Published
2020
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4. EPIC: An Energy-Efficient, High-Performance GPGPU Computing Research Infrastructure

Author

Själander, Magnus, Jahre, Magnus, Tufte, Gunnar, and Reissmann, Nico

Subjects
Computer Science - Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing
Abstract

The pursuit of many research questions requires massive computational resources. State-of-the-art research in physical processes using simulations, the training of neural networks for deep learning, or the analysis of big data are all dependent on the availability of sufficient and performant computational resources. For such research, access to a high-performance computing infrastructure is indispensable. Many scientific workloads from such research domains are inherently parallel and can benefit from the data-parallel architecture of general purpose graphics processing units (GPGPUs). However, GPGPU resources are scarce at Norway's national infrastructure. EPIC is a GPGPU enabled computing research infrastructure at NTNU. It enables NTNU's researchers to perform experiments that otherwise would be impossible, as time-to-solution would simply take too long.

Published
2019

5. Evaluation of the criticality of in vitro neuronal networks: Toward an assessment of computational capacity

Author

Heiney, Kristine, Valderhaug, Vibeke Devold, Sandvig, Ioanna, Sandvig, Axel, Tufte, Gunnar, Hammer, Hugo Lewi, and Nichele, Stefano

Subjects
Quantitative Biology - Neurons and Cognition, Computer Science - Emerging Technologies
Abstract

Novel computing hardwares are necessary to keep up with today's increasing demand for data storage and processing power. In this research project, we turn to the brain for inspiration to develop novel computing substrates that are self-learning, scalable, energy-efficient, and fault-tolerant. The overarching aim of this work is to develop computational models that are able to reproduce target behaviors observed in in vitro neuronal networks. These models will be ultimately be used to aid in the realization of these behaviors in a more engineerable substrate: an array of nanomagnets. The target behaviors will be identified by analyzing electrophysiological recordings of the neuronal networks. Preliminary analysis has been performed to identify when a network is in a critical state based on the size distribution of network-wide avalanches of activity, and the results of this analysis are reported here. This classification of critical versus non-critical networks is valuable in identifying networks that can be expected to perform well on computational tasks, as criticality is widely considered to be the state in which a system is best suited for computation. This type of analysis is expected to enable the identification of networks that are well-suited for computation and the classification of networks as perturbed or healthy., Comment: For presentation at the workshop "Novel Substrates and Models for the Emergence of Developmental, Learning and Cognitive Capabilities," 9th Joint IEEE International Conference on Development and Learning and on Epigenetic Robotics (IEEE ICDL-EPIROB 2019), Oslo, Norway. (website: http://www.nichele.eu/ICDL-EPIROB_NSM/ICDL-EPIROB_SNM.html)

Published
2019

6. A general representation of dynamical systems for reservoir computing

Author

Pontes-Filho, Sidney, Yazidi, Anis, Zhang, Jianhua, Hammer, Hugo, Mello, Gustavo B. M., Sandvig, Ioanna, Tufte, Gunnar, and Nichele, Stefano

Subjects
Computer Science - Neural and Evolutionary Computing, Computer Science - Emerging Technologies
Abstract

Dynamical systems are capable of performing computation in a reservoir computing paradigm. This paper presents a general representation of these systems as an artificial neural network (ANN). Initially, we implement the simplest dynamical system, a cellular automaton. The mathematical fundamentals behind an ANN are maintained, but the weights of the connections and the activation function are adjusted to work as an update rule in the context of cellular automata. The advantages of such implementation are its usage on specialized and optimized deep learning libraries, the capabilities to generalize it to other types of networks and the possibility to evolve cellular automata and other dynamical systems in terms of connectivity, update and learning rules. Our implementation of cellular automata constitutes an initial step towards a general framework for dynamical systems. It aims to evolve such systems to optimize their usage in reservoir computing and to model physical computing substrates., Comment: 5 pages, 3 figures, accepted workshop paper at Workshop on Novel Substrates and Models for the Emergence of Developmental, Learning and Cognitive Capabilities at IEEE ICDL-EPIROB 2019

Published
2019

7. EvoDynamic: A Framework for the Evolution of Generally Represented Dynamical Systems and Its Application to Criticality

Author

Pontes-Filho, Sidney, Lind, Pedro, Yazidi, Anis, Zhang, Jianhua, Hammer, Hugo, Mello, Gustavo B. M., Sandvig, Ioanna, Tufte, Gunnar, Nichele, Stefano, Goos, Gerhard, Founding Editor, Hartmanis, Juris, Founding Editor, Bertino, Elisa, Editorial Board Member, Gao, Wen, Editorial Board Member, Steffen, Bernhard, Editorial Board Member, Woeginger, Gerhard, Editorial Board Member, Yung, Moti, Editorial Board Member, Castillo, Pedro A., editor, Jiménez Laredo, Juan Luis, editor, and Fernández de Vega, Francisco, editor

Published
2020
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9. Viewing Rate-Based Neurons as Biophysical Conductance Outputting Models

Author

Knudsen, Martinius, Hendseth, Sverre, Tufte, Gunnar, Sandvig, Axel, Goos, Gerhard, Founding Editor, Hartmanis, Juris, Founding Editor, Bertino, Elisa, Editorial Board Member, Gao, Wen, Editorial Board Member, Steffen, Bernhard, Editorial Board Member, Woeginger, Gerhard, Editorial Board Member, Yung, Moti, Editorial Board Member, McQuillan, Ian, editor, and Seki, Shinnosuke, editor

Published
2019
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11. Genotype Regulation by Self-modifying Instruction-Based Development on Cellular Automata

Author

Nichele, Stefano, Glover, Tom Eivind, Tufte, Gunnar, Hutchison, David, Series editor, Kanade, Takeo, Series editor, Kittler, Josef, Series editor, Kleinberg, Jon M., Series editor, Mattern, Friedemann, Series editor, Mitchell, John C., Series editor, Naor, Moni, Series editor, Pandu Rangan, C., Series editor, Steffen, Bernhard, Series editor, Terzopoulos, Demetri, Series editor, Tygar, Doug, Series editor, Weikum, Gerhard, Series editor, Handl, Julia, editor, Hart, Emma, editor, Lewis, Peter R., editor, López-Ibáñez, Manuel, editor, Ochoa, Gabriela, editor, and Paechter, Ben, editor

Published
2016
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12. Clocked dynamics in artificial spin ice

Author

Jensen, Johannes H., Strømberg, Anders, Breivik, Ida, Penty, Arthur, Foerster, Michael, Niño, Miguel Angel, Khaliq, Muhammad Waqas, Tufte, Gunnar, and Folven, Erik

Subjects
Condensed Matter - Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics, Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall), FOS: Physical sciences
Abstract

Artificial spin ice (ASI) are nanomagnetic metamaterials exhibiting a wide range of emergent properties, which have recently shown promise for neuromorphic computing. However, the lack of efficient protocols to control the state evolution of these metamaterials has been limiting progress. To overcome this barrier, we introduce astroid clocking, a global field protocol offering discrete, gradual evolution of spin states. The method exploits the intrinsic switching astroids and dipolar interactions of the nanomagnets to selectively address ASI spins in sequence. We demonstrate, experimentally and in simulations, how astroid clocking of pinwheel ASI allows ferromagnetic domains to be gradually grown or reversed at will. More complex dynamics arise when the clock protocol allows both growth and reversal to occur simultaneously. Astroid clocking offers unprecedented control and understanding of ASI dynamics in both time and space, extending what is possible in nanomagnetic metamaterials.

Published
2023

14. Investigation of Developmental Mechanisms in Common Developmental Genomes

Author

Antonakopoulos, Konstantinos, Tufte, Gunnar, Akan, Ozgur, Series editor, Bellavista, Paolo, Series editor, Cao, Jiannong, Series editor, Coulson, Geoff, Series editor, Dressler, Falko, Series editor, Ferrari, Domenico, Series editor, Gerla, Mario, Series editor, Kobayashi, Hisashi, Series editor, Palazzo, Sergio, Series editor, Sahni, Sartaj, Series editor, Shen, Xuemin (Sherman), Series editor, Stan, Mircea, Series editor, Jia, Xiaohua, Series editor, Zomaya, Albert, Series editor, Di Caro, Gianni A., editor, and Theraulaz, Guy, editor

Published
2014
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16. Investigation of Genome Parameters and Sub-Transitions to Guide Evolution of Artificial Cellular Organisms

Author

Nichele, Stefano, Wold, Håkon Hjelde, Tufte, Gunnar, Hutchison, David, Series editor, Kanade, Takeo, Series editor, Kittler, Josef, Series editor, Kleinberg, Jon M., Series editor, Mattern, Friedemann, Series editor, Mitchell, John C., Series editor, Naor, Moni, Series editor, Pandu Rangan, C., Series editor, Steffen, Bernhard, Series editor, Terzopoulos, Demetri, Series editor, Tygar, Doug, Series editor, Weikum, Gerhard, Series editor, Esparcia-Alcázar, Anna I., editor, and Mora, Antonio M., editor

Published
2014
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17. Evolution-In-Materio: Solving Machine Learning Classification Problems Using Materials

Author

Mohid, Maktuba, Miller, Julian Francis, Harding, Simon L., Tufte, Gunnar, Lykkebø, Odd Rune, Massey, Mark K., Petty, Michael C., Hutchison, David, Series editor, Kanade, Takeo, Series editor, Kittler, Josef, Series editor, Kleinberg, Jon M., Series editor, Kobsa, Alfred, Series editor, Mattern, Friedemann, Series editor, Mitchell, John C., Series editor, Naor, Moni, Series editor, Nierstrasz, Oscar, Series editor, Pandu Rangan, C., Series editor, Steffen, Bernhard, Series editor, Terzopoulos, Demetri, Series editor, Tygar, Doug, Series editor, Weikum, Gerhard, Series editor, Bartz-Beielstein, Thomas, editor, Branke, Jürgen, editor, Filipič, Bogdan, editor, and Smith, Jim, editor

Published
2014
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18. Mecobo: A Hardware and Software Platform for In Materio Evolution

Author

Lykkebø, Odd Rune, Harding, Simon, Tufte, Gunnar, Miller, Julian F., Hutchison, David, Series editor, Kanade, Takeo, Series editor, Kittler, Josef, Series editor, Kleinberg, Jon M., Series editor, Kobsa, Alfred, Series editor, Mattern, Friedemann, Series editor, Mitchell, John C., Series editor, Naor, Moni, Series editor, Nierstrasz, Oscar, Series editor, Pandu Rangan, C., Series editor, Steffen, Bernhard, Series editor, Terzopoulos, Demetri, Series editor, Tygar, Doug, Series editor, Weikum, Gerhard, Series editor, Ibarra, Oscar H., editor, Kari, Lila, editor, and Kopecki, Steffen, editor

Published
2014
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19. Genome Parameters as Information to Forecast Emergent Developmental Behaviors

Author

Nichele, Stefano, Tufte, Gunnar, Hutchison, David, editor, Kanade, Takeo, editor, Kittler, Josef, editor, Kleinberg, Jon M., editor, Mattern, Friedemann, editor, Mitchell, John C., editor, Naor, Moni, editor, Nierstrasz, Oscar, editor, Pandu Rangan, C., editor, Steffen, Bernhard, editor, Sudan, Madhu, editor, Terzopoulos, Demetri, editor, Tygar, Doug, editor, Vardi, Moshe Y., editor, Weikum, Gerhard, editor, Durand-Lose, Jérôme, editor, and Jonoska, Nataša, editor

Published
2012
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20. Adaptation in Tissue Sustained by Hormonal Loops

Author

Laketic, Dragana, Tufte, Gunnar, Hutchison, David, Series editor, Kanade, Takeo, Series editor, Kittler, Josef, Series editor, Kleinberg, Jon M., Series editor, Mattern, Friedemann, Series editor, Mitchell, John C., Series editor, Naor, Moni, Series editor, Nierstrasz, Oscar, Series editor, Pandu Rangan, C., Series editor, Steffen, Bernhard, Series editor, Sudan, Madhu, Series editor, Terzopoulos, Demetri, Series editor, Tygar, Doug, Series editor, Vardi, Moshe Y., Series editor, Weikum, Gerhard, Series editor, Goebel, Randy, editor, Siekmann, Jörg, editor, Wahlster, Wolfgang, editor, Kampis, George, editor, Karsai, István, editor, and Szathmáry, Eörs, editor

Published
2011
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21. Metamorphosis and Artificial Development: An Abstract Approach to Functionality

Author

Tufte, Gunnar, Hutchison, David, Series editor, Kanade, Takeo, Series editor, Kittler, Josef, Series editor, Kleinberg, Jon M., Series editor, Mattern, Friedemann, Series editor, Mitchell, John C., Series editor, Naor, Moni, Series editor, Nierstrasz, Oscar, Series editor, Pandu Rangan, C., Series editor, Steffen, Bernhard, Series editor, Sudan, Madhu, Series editor, Terzopoulos, Demetri, Series editor, Tygar, Doug, Series editor, Vardi, Moshe Y., Series editor, Weikum, Gerhard, Series editor, Goebel, Randy, editor, Siekmann, Jörg, editor, Wahlster, Wolfgang, editor, Kampis, George, editor, Karsai, István, editor, and Szathmáry, Eörs, editor

Published
2011
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24. Discovery and Investigation of Inherent Scalability in Developmental Genomes

Author

Tufte, Gunnar, Hutchison, David, editor, Kanade, Takeo, editor, Kittler, Josef, editor, Kleinberg, Jon M., editor, Mattern, Friedemann, editor, Mitchell, John C., editor, Naor, Moni, editor, Nierstrasz, Oscar, editor, Pandu Rangan, C., editor, Steffen, Bernhard, editor, Sudan, Madhu, editor, Terzopoulos, Demetri, editor, Tygar, Doug, editor, Vardi, Moshe Y., editor, Weikum, Gerhard, editor, Hornby, Gregory S., editor, Sekanina, Lukáš, editor, and Haddow, Pauline C., editor

Published
2008
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25. TransFormer #13: Exploration and Adaptation of Evolution Expressed in a Dynamic Sculpture

Author

Tufte, Gunnar, Gangvik, Espen, Hutchison, David, editor, Kanade, Takeo, editor, Kittler, Josef, editor, Kleinberg, Jon M., editor, Mattern, Friedemann, editor, Mitchell, John C., editor, Naor, Moni, editor, Nierstrasz, Oscar, editor, Pandu Rangan, C., editor, Steffen, Bernhard, editor, Sudan, Madhu, editor, Terzopoulos, Demetri, editor, Tygar, Doug, editor, Vardi, Moshe Y., editor, Weikum, Gerhard, editor, Giacobini, Mario, editor, Brabazon, Anthony, editor, Cagnoni, Stefano, editor, Di Caro, Gianni A., editor, Drechsler, Rolf, editor, Ekárt, Anikó, editor, Esparcia-Alcázar, Anna Isabel, editor, Farooq, Muddassar, editor, Fink, Andreas, editor, McCormack, Jon, editor, O’Neill, Michael, editor, Romero, Juan, editor, Rothlauf, Franz, editor, Squillero, Giovanni, editor, Uyar, A. Şima, editor, and Yang, Shengxiang, editor

Published
2008
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26. Extending Artificial Development: Exploiting Environmental Information for the Achievement of Phenotypic Plasticity

Author

Tufte, Gunnar, Haddow, Pauline C., Hutchison, David, editor, Kanade, Takeo, editor, Kittler, Josef, editor, Kleinberg, Jon M., editor, Mattern, Friedemann, editor, Mitchell, John C., editor, Naor, Moni, editor, Nierstrasz, Oscar, editor, Pandu Rangan, C., editor, Steffen, Bernhard, editor, Sudan, Madhu, editor, Terzopoulos, Demetri, editor, Tygar, Doug, editor, Vardi, Moshe Y., editor, Weikum, Gerhard, editor, Kang, Lishan, editor, Liu, Yong, editor, and Zeng, Sanyou, editor

Published
2007
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27. Evolving Artificial Spin Ice for Robust Computation.

Author

PENTY, ARTHUR and TUFTE, GUNNAR

Subjects
EVOLUTIONARY algorithms, METAMATERIALS
Abstract

Artificial spin ice is a magnetic metamaterial showing particular promise as a novel substrate for unconventional computing. While simulations are invaluable for investigating new computational substrates, results must be robust to the noise and disorder of the physical world for device realisation. Here we investigate the computational robustness of artificial spin ice towards fabrication disorder. Using an evolutionary search, we explore different geometries of artificial spin ice for robust computation. We show that by neglecting to consider disorder in the search, we obtain geometries that suffer greatly when disorder is introduced. We then demonstrate that by explicitly including disorder as part of the evolutionary search process, we are able to discover novel geometries that are robust against disorder. We also find that these geometries perform well on new instances of disorder, and when they fail, we see signs of graceful degradation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2023

29. Biologically-Inspired: A Rule-Based Self-Reconfiguration of a Virtex Chip

Author

Tufte, Gunnar, Haddow, Pauline C., Kanade, Takeo, editor, Kittler, Josef, editor, Kleinberg, Jon M., editor, Mattern, Friedemann, editor, Mitchell, John C., editor, Naor, Moni, editor, Nierstrasz, Oscar, editor, Pandu Rangan, C., editor, Steffen, Bernhard, editor, Sudan, Madhu, editor, Terzopoulos, Demetri, editor, Tygar, Dough, editor, Vardi, Moshe Y., editor, Weikum, Gerhard, editor, Bubak, Marian, editor, van Albada, Geert Dick, editor, Sloot, Peter M. A., editor, and Dongarra, Jack, editor

Published
2004
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31. Shrinking the Genotype: L-systems for EHW?

Author

Haddow, Pauline C., Tufte, Gunnar, van Remortel, Piet, Goos, G., editor, Hartmanis, J., editor, van Leeuwen, J., editor, Liu, Yong, editor, Tanaka, Kiyoshi, editor, Iwata, Masaya, editor, Higuchi, Tetsuya, editor, and Yasunaga, Moritoshi, editor

Published
2001
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32. flatspin: A large-scale artificial spin ice simulator

Author

Jensen, Johannes H., primary, Strømberg, Anders, additional, Lykkebø, Odd Rune, additional, Penty, Arthur, additional, Leliaert, Jonathan, additional, Själander, Magnus, additional, Folven, Erik, additional, and Tufte, Gunnar, additional

Published
2022
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36. Global asymptotic stabilization of a pendulum using a single Lyapunov proportional bang-bang control strategy.

Author

Knudsen, Martinius, Hendseth, Sverre, Tufte, Gunnar, and Sandvig, Axel

Subjects
FEEDBACK control systems, PENDULUMS, LYAPUNOV functions, TORQUE control
Abstract

The existence of a Lyapunov function is known to ensure either local or global stability of a system's equilibrium state. Inspired by the control-Lyapunov method, we here construct a Lyapunov candidate function by analyzing a pendulum system's total energy and then applying appropriate control actions such that the conditions of a Lyapunov function are met. More specifically, our controller evaluates the Lyapunov function's time derivative at each time step, and applies control torque such as to ensure that the Lyapunov function decreases for each step toward the goal upright state. Unlike the control-Lyapunov method, which aims to select control input as to minimize the Lyapunov function's time derivative, our method provides up front the satisfactory conditions that yield a globally stable controller by using a rigorously designed proportional bang-bang control strategy. We show how to derive the controllers evaluation function, and how the controller is implemented in code. We further demonstrate the effectiveness of our method through numerical simulations. The result of our approach is a globally stable upright pendulum using a single-controller strategy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2023
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38. Gardening Cyber-Physical Systems

Author

Stepney, Susan, Diaconescu, Ada, Doursat, René, Giavitto, Jean-Louis, Kowaliw, Taras, Leyser, Ottoline, MacLennan, Bruce, Michel, Olivier, Miller, Julian F., Nikolic, Igor, Spicher, Antoine, Teuscher, Christof, Tufte, Gunnar, Vico, Francisco J., Yamamoto, Lidia, Hutchison, David, editor, Kanade, Takeo, editor, Kittler, Josef, editor, Kleinberg, Jon M., editor, Mattern, Friedemann, editor, Mitchell, John C., editor, Naor, Moni, editor, Nierstrasz, Oscar, editor, Pandu Rangan, C., editor, Steffen, Bernhard, editor, Sudan, Madhu, editor, Terzopoulos, Demetri, editor, Tygar, Doug, editor, Vardi, Moshe Y., editor, Weikum, Gerhard, editor, Durand-Lose, Jérôme, editor, and Jonoska, Nataša, editor

Published
2012
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45. Gardening Cyber-Physical Systems

Author

Stepney, Susan, primary, Diaconescu, Ada, additional, Doursat, René, additional, Giavitto, Jean-Louis, additional, Kowaliw, Taras, additional, Leyser, Ottoline, additional, MacLennan, Bruce, additional, Michel, Olivier, additional, Miller, Julian F., additional, Nikolic, Igor, additional, Spicher, Antoine, additional, Teuscher, Christof, additional, Tufte, Gunnar, additional, Vico, Francisco J., additional, and Yamamoto, Lidia, additional

Published
2012
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